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"To Zion"
Promotional singlebyLauryn HillfeaturingCarlos Santana
from the albumThe Miseducation of Lauryn Hill
ReleasedNovember 18, 1998(1998-11-18)
Recorded1997
Studio
Genre
Length6:09[a]
Label
Songwriter(s)Lauryn Hill
Producer(s)
Audio
"To Zion"onYouTube

"To Zion"is a song recorded by American rapper and singerLauryn Hillfor her debut solo studio albumThe Miseducation of Lauryn Hill(1998). It was written and produced by Hill herself, whileChe Popereceived a co-production credit under his pseudonym Che Guevara. Featuring American guitaristCarlos Santana,"To Zion" is anacoustic Spanish guitar-drivenhip hopandgospeltrack. Lyrically, it is a tribute to Hill's oldest son Zion David Marley, to whom she gave birth in 1997, during her relationship withRohan Marley.

"To Zion" discusses Hill's decision not to terminate her pregnancy in favor of her burgeoning career, while further lyrical themes derive from spirituality, rebirth and Hill's relationship with God. The lyricism elicited unanimous acclaim frommusic criticsupon the release ofThe Miseducation of Lauryn Hill,with numerous journalists accentuating the track as a focal point on the album. The song was subsequently released as apromotional singleon November 18, 1998, byRuffhouse RecordsandColumbia Records,peaking at number 77 on the USHot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs.

Hill performed "To Zion" live with Santana at the41st Annual Grammy Awards(1999), and has included it on set lists for all of her concert tours. In retrospective commentaries, the critics have acknowledged the influence "To Zion" has had on artistry of numerous rappers who achieved mainstream prominence decades after the song's release, as well as the impact its lyrical message of encouragement to pursue motherhood simultaneously with a career has had on various female celebrities. Furthermore, a multitude of recording artists have sampled or referenced the song in their respective works.

Background and development

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In 1996, while touring as a member of theFugees,Lauryn Hill metRohan Marley,son ofBob Marley.The pair gradually formed a close relationship, and Hill soon became pregnant with his child.[3]After contributing to fellow Fugees memberWyclef Jean's solo debutWyclef Jean Presents The Carnival(1997), Hill refrained from touring and recording due to her pregnancy and cases ofwriter's block.[4][5]The pregnancy, however, eventually reinvigorated Hill's creativity, as she developed a desire to write in a larger capacity than before. Of the early writing process, she said: "Every time I got hurt, every time I was disappointed, every time I learned, I just wrote a song."[6]Hill gave birth to Zion David Marley on August 3, 1997.[7]She chose the name Zion as she considered it substantial and powerful, elucidating: "[Zion] personally delivered me from my emotional and spiritual drought. He just replenished my newness. When he was born, I felt like I was born again."[8]

Hill revealed that her affinity withLatin musiccame from a young age, crediting her parents' record collection for introducing her to theLatin rockbandSantana.She frequently listened to their second studio albumAbraxas(1970), accentuating its instrumental track "Samba Pa Ti"and further elaborating:" I used to write my first songs to other people's music, and this particular album had this beautiful, soulful guitar, and it was instrumental, so I was in heaven. From that time –Oye Como Va,Black Magic Woman– all those songs just really touched me, and gave me an appreciation for guitar and for the Latin African rhythms. "[9]Hill's admiration for Santana stimulated her to seek their frontmanCarlos Santanaout to collaborate with her.[10]Their collaborative effort would become "To Zion", and Hill consequently wrote, produced and recorded "Do You Like the Way" for Santana's subsequent albumSupernatural(1999).[11][b]

Writing and production

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"To Zion" was written solely by Hill.[13]According to her then-manager Jayson Jackson, the songwriting was prompted byWendy Williamsrevealing Hill's pregnancy on her radio show and the intense media scrutiny over the identity of the child's father, as Hill had never publicized her relationship with Marley prior to the pregnancy.[14]Che Pope,who was credited as the song's co-producer under his pseudonym Che Guevara, produced the track within 20 minutes inside a small studio apartment inBrooklyn.After he presented Hill with the instrumental, she responded: "I have this idea to do a song about my baby and I didn't know what the music should sound like until I heard that track."[14]Hill subsequently recorded the song at theChung King Studiosin New York City and the Perfect Pair Studios inEast Orange, New Jersey.[13]Carlos Santana recorded his guitar instrumental at the Circle House Studios in Miami.[14]

The Miseducation of Lauryn Hillbecame the subject of a lawsuit soon after its release, as the songwriting and production collective New Ark (Vada Nobles,Rasheem Pugh, Tejumold Newton, and Johari Newton) sued Hill for having "used their songs and production skills, but failed to properly credit them for the work."[15]In addition toreimbursement,New Ark demanded co-writing credits for 13 out of the album's 14 tracks. "To Zion" was the sole track excluded from the stipulation, with Nobles remarking the song "was her baby because it was about her child. Can't nobody interfere with that right there."[16]The lawsuit was eventually settled out of court in February 2001, for a reported $5 million.[14][17]While Pope was not involved in the lawsuit, he claimed he solely produced "To Zion", despite being merely credited as a co-producer, and contemplated filing a lawsuit of his own but ultimately abandoned the idea.[14]

Music and lyrics

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American guitaristCarlos Santana(pictured) is featured on "To Zion".

"To Zion" is composed in the key ofE major,according to the sheet music published at Musicnotes bySony/ATV Music Publishing.[18]Eric WeisbardfromSpindescribed the song's sound as "Revolutionary Warfiferoll convert[ing] intohip-hop".[19]The instrumental track is driven byacoustic Spanish guitarlicks, as laid by Carlos Santana, which are interspersed with amilitary march.[20][21][22]The song'stempois a moderate 86 beats per minute, incommon time,while Hill's vocal range spans around one and a halfoctavefrom the low note ofC♯4to the high note ofG5.[18]Weisbard compared the song's structure to the works ofJohn Lennonand Hill's vocal performance toDionne Warwickat the end of her 1962 song "Don't Make Me Over".[19]

One of the more introspective tracks onThe Miseducation of Lauryn Hill,"To Zion" is an emotional tribute to Hill's son Zion David Marley.[20]As Hill serenades her son, she discusses her unplanned pregnancy and the decision not toterminateit, despite the profuse pressure to do so in favor of her burgeoning career.[23][24]A spiritual lyrical theme becomes distinguished through Hill's conversations with God regarding the outcome of her pregnancy,[25]prayers for her son's safety and welfare,[13]and learning "love of God through love of her child".[c]While she initially conveys insecurity and vulnerability over the contemplation,[24]she ultimately declares "now the joy of my world is in Zion",[19]and thanks God for "a gift so great".[13]Regarding the lyricism, Hill clarified: "I wanted it to be a revolutionary song about a spiritual movement, and also about my spiritual change, going from one place to another because of my son."[27]Due to religious connotations within the theme, biographerChris Nicksonclassified "To Zion" as agospeltrack.[28]

Critical reception

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"To Zion" received unanimous acclaim frommusic critics,both upon the release ofThe Miseducation of Lauryn Hilland in retrospective commentaries. Dom Phillips fromQcomplimented the song's instrumentation by saying it "neatly flutters Spanish guitar over a military march".[22]John Mulvey fromNMElisted the track among the highlights ofThe Miseducation of Lauryn Hill,remarking that "emotional heroism prevails over poor-superstar whingeing" in its lyrics.[23]Writing forRolling Stone,American writer and journalistTouréalso labeled it one of the album's standout tracks, describing it as an "epic, adoring tribute to her young son" and commending Santana's guitar performance.[20]Nick Butler from Sputnikmusic stated the track could "easily descend into cheesy power-ballad territory" but nonetheless has "grit, imagination, and power".[29]While retrospectively discussing its parent album, Kyle Anderson fromMTVhighlighted the song by calling it "sweet".[30]

David Opie fromHighsnobietypraised "To Zion", writing: "It's the way that Lauryn effortlessly combines the confessional with the celebratory here which truly speaks to her strength, teaching others to live their truth without letting subsequent struggles consume them."[31]Justin Tinsley ofAndscapeshared Opie's sentiments, describing the song as "beautifully strong and transparent".[16]Brandon Tensley wrote forTimethat the thesis ofThe Miseducation of Lauryn Hillmanifested itself on "To Zion", as Hill "creates an emotive space in which she can be vulnerable, sometimes uncomfortably so".[24]Okla Jones ofEssencedeclared the song as Hill's best, calling it "[p]erhaps the most beautiful song in Hill's entire body of work",[32]while Victoria L. Johnson included it on a list of Hill's best songs published viaComplexand stated: "The choir's chant of 'marching' propels the song to another level of intense devotion. Carlos Santana's incredible guitar playing only deepens the sonic connection."[33]

Live performances

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Hill included "To Zion" on the set list for her first solo concert tour, The Miseducation Tour (1999), with Carlos Santana joining her on stage at theBill Graham Civic Auditoriumin San Francisco on March 3.[34]Furthermore, the two had performed the song together at the41st Annual Grammy Awardson February 24,[35]where Hill won a record-breaking fiveGrammy Awardsin a single night.[36][d]Dean Van Nguyen fromThe Irish Timesretrospectively hailed Hill's song choice for the ceremony as "brave", adding: "With legendary axe-man Carlos Santana caressing his acoustic guitar by her side, Hill delivered a cutting four-minute sermon on the pressures facing young women at pop music's top end."[35]Additionally, the song appeared on Hill's live albumLive in Tokyo, Japan '99(2020), recorded during The Miseducation Tour in Tokyo on September 7, 1999.[38]

Hill also included "To Zion" on the set list for the tour commemorating the 20th anniversary ofThe Miseducation of Lauryn Hillin 2018.[39]In a review of the tour'sArena Birminghamstop forThe Guardian,Kitty Empirecriticized the tour guitarist for "destroy[ing] Carlos Santana's formerly lovely Spanish guitar intro" but praised Hill's vocal performance.[40]During Hill's rendition of the song at ONE MusicFest in Atlanta on October 8, 2022, Zion David Marley—Hill's oldest son and the subject of "To Zion" —surprised Hill on stage along with his two children.[41]In 2023, Hill added the song to the set list for her tour commemorating the 25th anniversary ofThe Miseducation of Lauryn Hill,[42]which was partly co-headlined with the Fugees as their reunion tour.[43]

Impact and legacy

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"That song is about the revelation that my son was to me. I had always made decisions for other people, making everybody else happy, and once I had him that was really the first decision that was unpopular for me. It was one that was based on my happiness and not what other people wanted for me or for themselves. And it was the best decision that I could have ever made, because I'm the happiest and healthiest that I have ever been. It also revealed to me which relationships were right, which ones were sincere, and which ones were based on exploiting and hurting me. It was a godsend all the way round – 360 degrees of that whole situation were nothing but a blessing. And I'm so happy that I made the choice that I did."

—Hill reflecting on "To Zion" and her pregnancy.[9]

In an analysis of Hill's impact on contemporary culture forTime,Brandon Tensley credited "To Zion" with encouraging African-American female artists to express themselves more honestly through their works, stating: "This working through of raw emotions — this centering of the heart — has long been denied black women in the mainstream, including during the hostility-filled '90s, but it's treated seriously in Hill's work, and in part, it's what makes her extraordinarily transgressive as a lyricist."[24]In her essay forThe Westside Gazette,Carma Henry stated the song "beautifully paint[ed] the portrait of the authentic experience of Black girlhood and the transition into womanhood".[44]The song's lyrical content has also been attributed with influencing female celebrities to pursue motherhood simultaneously with their prosperous careers, with Justin Tinsley ofAndscapeenlisting tennis playerSerena Williamsand rapperCardi Bas prime examples.[16]Similarly, David Opie fromHighsnobietydescribed the song as "a call to arms for other expectant mothers who have faced similar pressures in the workplace", in reference to professional pressure placed on Hill to have an abortion, which is discussed in the lyrics.[31]ActressAlexa Demiementioned that she drew inspiration from "To Zion" for her role in theHBOdrama seriesEuphoria.[45]

Several critics have also acknowledged the influence "To Zion" has had on artistry of numerous rappers who achieved mainstream prominence throughout the decades after the song's release. Along with some other tracks fromThe Miseducation of Lauryn Hill,it has been credited with popularizing previously dismissed theological themes in mainstream hip hop, with Opie noting: "Six years beforeKanyewould go on towalk with Jesus,Lauryn openly conversed with him on multiple tracks here, weaving various references to theBiblethroughout. "[31]Kathy Iandolishared those sentiments, writing: "BeforeMiseducation,the only way you could reference God was through identifying as one under theNation of Gods and Earths.Anything else was taboo or theoretically corny. "[25]She further elaborated by indicating the impact Hill's religiously themed lyricism has had on rappers such asLecraeandChance the Rapper.[25]Vada Nobles stated in 2008 that he believed thedrum rollon "To Zion" had inspired the aforementioned "Jesus Walks"(2004) by Kanye West.[14]West even referenced "To Zion" on his 2007 song "Champion",as evident in the lines:" Lauryn Hill say her heart was in Zion / I wish her heart still was in rhymin' / 'Cause who the kids gon' listen to, huh? ".[25]Furthermore, American rapperJ. Colesampled "To Zion" on his 2013 song "Can I Holla at Ya".[46]In 2018, English singerJessie Wareexalted "To Zion" and credited it for artistic guidance, explaining: "The song grows and grows and grows and becomes huge; it's almost overpowering. It's about a mother's love, but weirdly I felt like I could relate to it when I was 13 years old. It definitely made me think about how you put together a record".[47]

Track listings and formats

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US promotional CD single[2]

  1. "To Zion" (radio edit) (featuringCarlos Santana) – 3:40
  2. "To Zion" (album version) (featuring Carlos Santana) – 4:33
  3. "To Zion" (instrumental) (featuring Carlos Santana) – 4:31
  4. "To Zion" (callout hook #1) – 0:10
  5. "To Zion" (callout hook #2) – 0:05

Japanese mini CD single[48]

  1. "To Zion" (album version) (featuring Carlos Santana) – 4:33
  2. "To Zion" (instrumental) (featuring Carlos Santana) – 4:31

Credits and personnel

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Credits are adapted from the liner notes ofThe Miseducation of Lauryn Hill.[13]

  • Kenny Bobien – backing vocals
  • Commissioner Gordon– engineering, mi xing, mi xing engineering
  • Jared "Chocolate" Crawford – live drums
  • Che Guevara– production
  • Lauryn Hill– arrangement, lead vocals, production, songwriting
  • Ken Johnston – engineering assistance
  • Sabrina Johnston– backing vocals
  • Grace Paradise – harp
  • James Poyser– synth bass
  • Lenesha Randolph – backing vocals
  • Warren Riker – engineering
  • Earl Robinson – backing vocals
  • Carlos Santana– lead guitar
  • Jamie Seigel – mi xing engineering assistance
  • Andrea Simmons – backing vocals
  • Eddie Stockley – backing vocals
  • Johnny Wyndrx – engineering

Charts

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Weekly chart performance for "To Zion"
Chart (1999) Peak
position
USHot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs(Billboard)[49] 77

Release history

[edit]
Release dates and formats for "To Zion"
Region Date Format(s) Label(s) Ref.
Japan November 18, 1998(1998-11-18) Mini CD Sony Music Japan
[50]
United States March 9, 1999(1999-03-09)
[51]

References

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Notes

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  1. ^The actual length of "To Zion" is four minutes and 33 seconds. However, its album version contains an interlude following the end of the song, which pushes its total length to six minutes and nine seconds.[1]The interlude is excluded from the single pressings for "To Zion".[2]
  2. ^Hill's contributions on "Do You Like the Way" would win her her second consecutiveGrammy Award for Album of the Year,forSupernatural,at the42nd Annual Grammy Awards(2000).[12]
  3. ^One of the more predominant lyrical themes onThe Miseducation of Lauryn Hillis learning to love, which is made apparent by classroom interludes spread throughout the record.[26]On the interludes, American poet and politicianRas Barakaportrays a teacher speaking with children about the concept of love.[14]In a retrospective analysis, Carvel Wallace fromPitchforkacknowledged the love learnt on "To Zion" represents the love of God Hill learned through the love of her child.[26]
  4. ^Hill's record for mostGrammy Awardswon by a woman in a single night would be broken at the52nd Annual Grammy Awards(2010), whenBeyoncéwon six.[37]

Citations

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  1. ^Hill, Lauryn (1998). "To Zion".The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill(CD).Ruffhouse Records,Columbia Records.CK 69035.
  2. ^abHill, Lauryn (1998).To Zion(promotional CD single).Ruffhouse Records,Columbia Records.CSK 41656.
  3. ^Furman & Furman 1999,p. 112
  4. ^Furman & Furman 1999,p. 102
  5. ^Nickson 1999,p. 132
  6. ^Furman & Furman 1999,pp. 128–129
  7. ^Hill, Lauryn [@mslaurynhill](August 3, 2020)."Happy 23rd Birthday Zion!! I wish you healing, strength, compassion and most of all love, for yourself, and for others. May God set a clear path before you, guide and protect you, and transform any adversity or hardship you've experienced into an absolute blessing—so that you may be a blessing to others! I LOVE you!!! Mommy ♥️😘😘🥳🎊🎂🍰🍰🧁🦋✨🎁🎈🎈🚀🌠🎉🛍🎈".RetrievedSeptember 9,2023– viaInstagram.
  8. ^Furman & Furman 1999,p. 133
  9. ^abWitter, Simon (August 21, 2013)."Lauryn Hill: 'I'm not afraid to be the person I am'".The Guardian.RetrievedSeptember 9,2023.
  10. ^Palmer, Tamara (August 25, 2023)."'The Miseducation Of Lauryn Hill': 25 Facts About The Iconic Album, From Its Cover To Its Controversy ".The Recording Academy.RetrievedFebruary 9,2024.
  11. ^Santana(1999). "Do You Like the Way".Supernatural(CD liner notes).Arista Records.07822-19080-2.
  12. ^"Lauryn Hill".Grammy Awards.The Recording Academy.RetrievedSeptember 9,2023.
  13. ^abcdeHill, Lauryn (1998). "To Zion".The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill(CD liner notes).Ruffhouse Records,Columbia Records.CK 69035.
  14. ^abcdefgCheckoway, Laura (August 26, 2008)."Inside 'The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill'".Rolling Stone.Archivedfrom the original on August 9, 2018.RetrievedSeptember 9,2023.
  15. ^McLeod, Rodd (May 10, 2000)."The reeducation of Lauryn Hill".Salon.Archived fromthe originalon November 30, 2005.RetrievedSeptember 10,2023.
  16. ^abcTinsley, Justin (August 23, 2018)."On its 20th anniversary: Lauryn Hill's 'To Zion' and the new motherhood of Serena Williams and Cardi B".Andscape.RetrievedSeptember 10,2023.
  17. ^Perry, Claudia (February 11, 2001)."Lauryn Hill Settles Lawsuit".Rolling Stone.Archived fromthe originalon April 7, 2019.RetrievedSeptember 10,2023.
  18. ^ab"Lauryn Hill" To Zion "Sheet Music in E Major".Sony/ATV Music Publishing.July 21, 2008.RetrievedSeptember 10,2023– via Musicnotes.
  19. ^abcWeisbard, Eric(September 1998)."Triumph of the Hill".Spin.Vol. 14, no. 9. pp. 179–180.ISSN0886-3032.RetrievedFebruary 9,2024– viaGoogle Books.
  20. ^abcTouré(August 12, 1998)."Lauryn Hill:The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill".Rolling Stone.Archived fromthe originalon June 18, 2008.RetrievedSeptember 10,2023.
  21. ^Lieberman, Neil."Lauryn Hill:The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill".Pitchfork.Archived fromthe originalon February 19, 2003.RetrievedSeptember 10,2023.
  22. ^abPhillips, Tom."The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill".Q.Archived fromthe originalon September 30, 1999.RetrievedSeptember 10,2023.
  23. ^abMulvey, John (September 23, 1998)."Lauryn Hill –The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill".NME.Archived fromthe originalon August 17, 2000.RetrievedSeptember 10,2023.
  24. ^abcdTensley, Brandon (August 25, 2018)."How Lauryn Hill Educated the Music Industry 20 Years Ago".Time.RetrievedSeptember 11,2023.
  25. ^abcdIandoli, Kathy(August 25, 2018)."10 Ways 'The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill' Changed Everything".Tidal.RetrievedSeptember 11,2023.
  26. ^abWallace, Carvell (July 10, 2016)."Lauryn Hill: The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill Album Review".Pitchfork.RetrievedSeptember 11,2023.
  27. ^Furman & Furman 1999,p. 149
  28. ^Nickson 1999,p. 163
  29. ^Butler, Nick (January 16, 2005)."Lauryn Hill – The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill (album review)".Sputnikmusic.RetrievedSeptember 11,2023.
  30. ^Anderson, Kyle (August 25, 2010)."Lauryn Hill Teaches Everybody With 'Miseducation': Wake-Up Video".MTV News.Archived fromthe originalon July 27, 2022.RetrievedSeptember 11,2023.
  31. ^abcOpie, David (May 27, 2019)."'The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill': What It Taught Us About Life & Music ".Highsnobiety.RetrievedSeptember 12,2023.
  32. ^Jones, Okla (May 31, 2022)."The Best Of Lauryn Hill: 12 Songs From An Iconic Artist".Essence.RetrievedSeptember 12,2023.
  33. ^Johnson, Victoria L. (August 25, 2018)."The Best Lauryn Hill Songs".Complex.RetrievedSeptember 12,2023.
  34. ^Kaufman, Gil (March 4, 1999)."Best Of '99: Lauryn Hill Bares Her Soul To Lift Spirits".MTV News.Archived fromthe originalon September 14, 2023.RetrievedSeptember 12,2023.
  35. ^abVan Nguyen, Dean (August 22, 2018)."The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill: 20 years on".The Irish Times.RetrievedSeptember 12,2023.
  36. ^Coleman II, C. Vernon (February 10, 2022)."Lauryn Hill Wins Five of 10 Nominations at 1999 Grammy Awards – Hip-Hop's Biggest Milestones in Music History".XXL.RetrievedSeptember 12,2023.
  37. ^Jones, Sam; Whey, Simone (February 1, 2010)."Beyoncé hits Grammys for six".The Guardian.RetrievedSeptember 12,2023.
  38. ^"Live in Tokyo, Japan '99".Active Driveway. November 20, 2020.RetrievedSeptember 12,2023– viaSpotify.
  39. ^Diep, Eric (September 13, 2018)."Lauryn Hill Delivers Flawless Classics at 'Miseducation' 20th-Anniversary Stop in Portland".Billboard.RetrievedSeptember 12,2023.
  40. ^Empire, Kitty(December 1, 2018)."Lauryn Hill review – a difficult re-education".The Guardian.RetrievedSeptember 12,2023.
  41. ^Corrine, Amber (October 10, 2022)."Lauryn Hill's Son, Zion, Surprises Her On Stage At ONE Musicfest".Vibe.RetrievedSeptember 12,2023.
  42. ^Bream, Jon (September 9, 2023)."Review: Always tardy Lauryn Hill was everything fans wanted at Mystic Lake".Star Tribune.Archivedfrom the original on September 9, 2023.RetrievedSeptember 12,2023.
  43. ^Aswad, Jem (August 22, 2023)."Lauryn Hill Unveils 'Miseducation of Lauryn Hill' 25th Anniversary Tour Dates — Fugees to Open U.S. Shows".Variety.RetrievedSeptember 12,2023.
  44. ^Henry, Carma (September 6, 2023).""The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill" Turns 25: A Tribute to the Album that Refined Hip-Hop and Feminism ".The Westside Gazette.RetrievedSeptember 14,2023.
  45. ^Gooding, Sarah (November 15, 2019)."Alexa Demie and Taylor Russell on 'Waves' and the complex power of women".i-D.Archived fromthe originalon January 1, 2023.RetrievedJuly 16,2024.
  46. ^Pearce, Sheldon (April 19, 2018)."6 Rap Songs That Sample Lauryn Hill Masterfully".Pitchfork.RetrievedSeptember 12,2023.
  47. ^Feeney, Nolan (June 1, 2018)."The Next Generation of Lauryn Hill: 16 Artists on Their Favorite 'Miseducation' Songs".Billboard.RetrievedSeptember 14,2023.
  48. ^Hill, Lauryn (1998).To Zion(mini CD single).Sony Music Entertainment Japan.SRDS 8341.
  49. ^"Lauryn Hill Chart History (Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs)".Billboard.Retrieved September 12, 2023.
  50. ^"トゥ・ザイオン"[To Zion] (in Japanese). Japan:Sony Music Records.November 18, 1998.RetrievedSeptember 11,2023– viaOricon.
  51. ^"New Releases"(PDF).Radio & Records.March 5, 1999. pp. 42, 48.RetrievedSeptember 11,2023– via World Radio History.

Bibliography

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