US West
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| U S West | |
| Company type | Public |
| NYSE:USW | |
| Industry | Telecommunications |
| Predecessor | AT&T Corporation Northwestern Bell,Mountain Bell&Pacific Northwest Bell |
| Founded | 1983 |
| Defunct | June 30, 2000 |
| Fate | Merged |
| Successor | Qwest |
| Headquarters | Denver,Colorado ,United States |
Area served | 14 western states |
| Parent | AT&T(1983) |
| Divisions | Consumer Business and Government Services Network Small Business Wholesale |
| Subsidiaries | US West Communications US West Dex US West Information Technologies US West Wireless Time Warner Communications Time Warner Entertainment(26% stake) |
US West, Inc.(stylized asUSWEST),doing business asU S West,was one of sevenRegional Bell Operating Companies(RBOCs, also referred to as "Baby Bells" ), created in 1983 under the Modification of Final Judgement (United States v. Western Electric Co., Inc.552 Fed. Supp. 131), a case related to theantitrustbreakup ofAT&T.US West provided local telephone and intraLATA long-distance services, data transmission services, cable television services, wireless communications services and related telecommunications products to defined areas inArizona,Colorado,Idaho,Iowa,Minnesota,Montana,Nebraska,New Mexico,North Dakota,Oregon,South Dakota,Utah,Washington,andWyoming.US West was a public company traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol "USW" with headquarters at1801 California StreetinDenver,Colorado.
Until 1990, US West was a holding company with threeBell Operating Companies:Mountain States Telephone & Telegraph(orMountain Bell,headquartered inDenver,Colorado);Northwestern Bell,then headquartered inOmaha, Nebraska;andPacific Northwest Bell,then headquartered inSeattle,Washington. In 1988, the three companies began doing business under the US West Communications name. On January 1, 1991, Northwestern Bell and Pacific Northwest Bell were legally merged into Mountain Bell which was renamedUS West Communications, Inc.US West was the first RBOC to consolidate itsBell Operating Companies(the other wasBellSouth).
In 1998, US West split into two separate companies. Its telephone properties maintained the US West name, while the remaining assets such as cable, wireless and international businesses became MediaOne. The split was structured so that MediaOne Inc. was thelegal successorto US West Inc., and US West was the spin-off entity.
US West merged withQweston June 30, 2000, and over time the US West brand was replaced by the Qwest brand. Qwest merged withCenturyLinkon April 1, 2011, and the Qwest brand was replaced by the CenturyLink brand.[1]
Accomplishments
[edit]US West became a pioneer in the introduction and rapid system-wide implementation of telephone technologies designed byBellcore(nowTelcordia Technologies) in the 1980s and 1990s. Their lead in this push became one that many otherRegional Bell Operating Companieshad to scramble to keep up with.
US West's success in this endeavor was for multiple reasons which included their then-innovative use of "test-markets" for staggered roll-outs of new calling features in middle-sized cities such asBoise, Idaho,Minneapolis,Minnesota, andPhoenix, Arizonabefore releasing them on a wider scale. (They were the first communications provider to use this strategy calledbeta-testing,a term used for many years in the software development industry). Their geographic presence featured telephone switching equipment that had been constructed fairly recent to the time frame, thereby requiring fewer upgrades. Their service area was also experiencing population growth at a tremendous rate, tripling their subscriber-base in a short time and increasing revenues.
US West also had ownership in the cable industry with its 1994 purchase of Atlanta-based Wometco and GTC cable operations and the subsequent purchase ofContinental Cablevision,creating MediaOne Group Inc. MediaOne, along with several ancillary businesses, was spun off as a separate company in 1998 from the traditional phone operations to form MediaOne Group. US West also participated in a joint venture agreement with Time Warner Cable to form Time Warner Communications (later known asTW Telecom) in 1993- it also purchased a 26% stake in Time Warner Entertainment's entertainment operations includingWarner Bros.andHBO,which was passed to MediaOne, AT&T, and finally Comcast. Comcast sold it stake back to Time Warner Inc. in 2003.
US West Communications was the first local telephone company to offerCaller IDservice in 1991, nearly four years before any other localtelcocould do so. They were the first U.S. telco to upgrade theirPSTNto electronic switching before 1990 and they were the first to offer residential and businessISDNand later,DSLservices to their customers by 1997.
As a result of its rapid "bring-to-market" abilities and continued success in the advances in technology the company adopted the slogan "Life's better here." developed by ad agency NW Ayer.
US West was one of the first companies in the United States to officially recognize and support itsgayandlesbianemployees. The Eagles, anemployee resource groupfor gay and lesbian US West employees, was recognized in 1989. It had chapters in seven US states by 1990.[2]
Criticisms
[edit]US West was accused by critics[who?]of failing to meet service needs within a reasonable time frame and of practicing predatory billing and collection methods. While the company often claimed that subscriber demands were often greater than their ability to fulfill orders, many critics pointed to high profit margins, spending on bring-to-market technology and lackluster investment in customer support.
US West went through a period of union-management relations that bordered on positive during the early 1990s. After a failed re-engineering strategy, relations fell apart due to increasing hostility between company leaders and employees. An often-used nickname for the company was "US Worst." When the company rolled out its new slogan – "Life's better here" – employees began wearing buttons and shirts that stated that "Life's Bitter Here".[citation needed]
The company was fined multiple times by the State ofOregonfor these practices during the 1990s. US West was also, at several times, involved in smaller litigation with other states within its service area for similar complaints from customers.
Qwest,MCI,and smallercompetitive local exchange carriers(CLECs) who had recently been allowed to offer local service within US West's service area (as a result of the Telecommunications Act of 1996) complained to theFederal Communications Commission(FCC) that US West was uncooperative in releasing their owned lines to these new companies. These types of complaints landed US West in court yet again, offering the complex question of whether or not the government could legally offer the sale of owned property to other companies in the event ofderegulation.
Merger with Qwest
[edit]In 1996, reports appearing inThe Denver Postand theRocky Mountain Newsrevealed that CLECs had lodged complaints with the FCC against US West, including multiple complaints fromQwest Communications International, Inc.The complaints alleged US West neglected or seriously delayed release of "bundled loops" as required by theTelecommunications Act of 1996,making it difficult for competitors to provide local telephone service to their customers. Other competitors began following suit, and charged US West with monopoly-like or anti-trust type behavior.[citation needed]
During the winter of 1999–2000, US West announced that it had received an unsolicited purchase offer from Qwest Communications International, Inc. At the time, US West had been attempting to merge withGlobal Crossing,because the offer from Qwest was for a higher value, the US West Board accepted it.
On June 30, 2000, US West, Inc. and Qwest Communications International, Inc. combined via merger. Qwest Communications International, Inc. was merged into US West and renamed Qwest with all of US West's direct subsidiaries becoming direct subsidiaries of Qwest.
After the merger, the Bell Operating Company subsidiary was renamed fromUS West Communications, Inc.toQwest Corporationand other subsidiaries were similarly renamed to reflect the Qwest name.[citation needed]
After Qwest was acquired byCenturyLinkin 2011, the Qwest brand was replaced by the CenturyLink brand. Subsidiaries, with the exception ofQwest Management Company(founded asUS West Investment Management Company), which becameCenturyLink Investment Management Company,retained the Qwest name and adoptedd/b/anames.
References
[edit]- ^"Home & Business Internet, Phone, and TV – CenturyLink".
- ^"US West practices 'good public policy'".The Des Moines Register.October 21, 1990.
External links
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- Bell System
- Lumen Technologies
- Telecommunications companies disestablished in 2000
- Defunct telecommunications companies of the United States
- Companies based in Denver
- Defunct companies based in Colorado
- Telecommunications companies established in 1983
- American companies established in 1983
- 2000 mergers and acquisitions
- 1983 establishments in Colorado
- 2000 disestablishments in Colorado