Viceroy of Liang gian g
| Viceroy of Liang gian g | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese | Lưỡng Giang tổng đốc | ||||||
| Simplified Chinese | Lưỡng Giang tổng đốc | ||||||
| |||||||
| Governor-General of the Two River Provinces and Other Local Admirals, in Charge of Military Affairs, Food and Wages, Management of Rivers, and Administration on Nanhe Affairs (full title) | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese | Tổng đốc Lưỡng Giang chờ chỗ địa phương đề đốc quân vụ, lương hướng, thao giang, quản hạt nam hà sự vụ | ||||||
| Simplified Chinese | Tổng đốc Lưỡng Giang chờ chỗ địa phương đề đốc quân vụ, lương hướng, thao giang, quản hạt nam hà sự vụ | ||||||
| |||||||
| Manchu name | |||||||
| Manchu script | ᡤᡳᠶᠠᠩᠨᠠᠨ ᡤᡳᠶᠠᠩᠰᡳ ᡠᡥᡝᡵᡳ ᡴᠠᡩᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠ ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠨ | ||||||
| Romanization | giyangnan giyangsi uheri kadalara amban | ||||||
TheViceroy of Liang gian g,fully named in Chinese as theGovernor-General of the Two River Provinces and Other Local Admirals, in Charge of Military Affairs, Food and Wages, Management of Rivers, and Administration on Nanhe Affairs,was one of eight regionalViceroysduring theQing dynasty.The Viceroy of Liang gian g had jurisdiction of military, civil, and political affairs over then Jiangnan Province (approx. nowadaysJiangsu,AnhuiandShanghai) and then Jiangxi Province (approx. nowadaysJiangxi). The position was set up in 1647 and abolished in 1912.
History
[edit]
The office of Viceroy of Liang gian g originated in 1647 during the reign of theShunzhi Emperor.It was called "Viceroy of the Three Provinces ofJiangdong,JiangxiandHenan"( Giang Đông Giang Tây Hà Nam tam tỉnh tổng đốc ) and headquartered in Jiangning ( Giang Ninh; present-dayNanjing,Jiangsu). In 1652, the office was renamed "Viceroy of Jiangxi" ( Giang Tây tổng đốc ) and its headquarters shifted toNanchangfor a short while before the old system was restored.
During the reign of theKangxi Emperor,in 1661 and 1674, two separate Viceroy offices were created for Jiangdong and Jiangxi, but they were merged under the Viceroy of Liang gian g later in 1665 and 1682 respectively. The office's name had remained as "Viceroy of Liang gian g" since then.
In 1723, theYongzheng Emperorordered that the Viceroy of Liang gian g would concurrently hold the appointments ofSecretary of War( Binh Bộ thượng thư ) and Right Censor-in-Chief ( hữu đô ngự sử ) of the Detection Branch ( Đô Sát Viện ) in theCensorate.
In 1831, theDaoguang Emperorput the Viceroy of Liang gian g in charge of thesalt tradein theHuai Riverarea.
During the reign of theXianfeng Emperor,theTaiping rebelscaptured Jiangning ( Giang Ninh; present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu) and designated it as their capital. The headquarters of the Viceroy of Liang gian g constantly shifted across different locations, includingYangzhou,Changzhou,Shanghai,SuzhouandAnqing.
In 1866, during the reign of theTongzhi Emperor,the Viceroy of Liang gian g was also put in charge of trade and commerce in thefive treaty ports.He also concurrently held the appointment of "Southern Ocean Trade Minister" ( Nam Dương thông thương đại thần ); while "Northern Ocean Trade Minister" ( Bắc Dương thông thương đại thần ) was held by theViceroy of Zhili.
After the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912, the former headquarters of the Viceroy of Liang gian g in Nanjing was converted into aPresidential Palacefor thePresidentof theRepublic of Chinauntil 1949.
List of Viceroys of Liang gian g
[edit]| # | Name | Portrait | Start of term | End of term | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Viceroy of Jiangnan, Jiangxi and Henan (1647–1649) | ||||||
| 1 | Ma Guozhu Mã quốc trụ |
19 August 1647 | 30 September 1649 | |||
| Viceroy of Liang gian g (1649–1661) | ||||||
| 2 | Ma Guozhu Mã quốc trụ |
30 September 1649 | 30 October 1654 | Left office due to illness | ||
| 3 | Ma Mingpei Mã minh bội |
November 1654 | 23 June 1656 | Left office due to illness | ||
| 4 | Lang Tingzuo Lang đình tá |
3 July 1656 | 2 November 1661 | |||
| Viceroy of Jiangnan (1661–1665) | ||||||
| 5 | Lang Tingzuo Lang đình tá |
2 November 1661 | 4 July 1665 | |||
| Viceroy of Jiangxi (1661–1665) | ||||||
| 5 | Zhang Chaolin Trương triều lân |
2 November 1661 | 4 July 1665 | |||
| Viceroy of Liang gian g (1665–1911) | ||||||
| 6 | Lang Tingzuo Lang đình tá |
4 July 1665 | 17 December 1668 | Left office due to illness | ||
| 7 | Maleji Ma lặc cát |
10 January 1669 | 5 July 1673 | Demoted by two grades and reassigned elsewhere | ||
| 8 | Asihi A tịch hi |
29 July 1673 | January 1682 | Demoted | ||
| 9 | Yu Chenglong Với thành long |
 |
1 February 1682 | 24 June 1684 | Died in office | |
| 10 | Wang Xinming Vương tân mệnh |
1 July 1684 | 18 April 1687 | Reassigned to serve as theViceroy of Min-Zhe | ||
| 11 | Dong Ne Đổng nột |
22 April 1687 | 24 April 1688 | Demoted by five grades and reassigned elsewhere | ||
| 12 | Fulata Phó kéo tháp |
5 May 1688 | 22 July 1694 | Died in office | ||
| 13 | Fan Chengxun Phạm thừa huân |
10 August 1694 | 15 November 1698 | Left office for filial mourning | ||
| 14 | Zhang Penghe Trương bằng cách |
23 December 1698 | 28 April 1700 | Reassigned to serve as theViceroy of Caoyun | ||
| Taodai Đào đại |
30 May 1699 | Stand-in as theRight Vice Secretary of Personnel | ||||
| Taodai Đào đại |
28 April 1700 | 27 June 1700 | Stand-in as theSecretary of Justice | |||
| 15 | Ašan A Sơn |
1 July 1700 | 24 December 1706 | |||
| 16 | Shaomubu Thiệu mục bố |
31 December 1706 | August 1709 | |||
| 17 | Gali Cát lễ |
27 August 1709 | 10 March 1712 | Relieved of his appointment | ||
| Lang Tingji Lang đình cực |
10 March 1712 | 14 November 1712 | Stand-in as theProvincial Governorof Jiangxi | |||
| 18 | Heshou Hách thọ |
14 November 1712 | 22 May 1717 | Promoted to Secretary of theBoard for the Administration of Outlying Regions | ||
| 19 | Changnai Trường nãi |
30 May 1717 | November 1722 | Died in office | ||
| 20 | Cabina Tra bật nạp |
27 November 1722 | 18 May 1726 | Recalled to the imperial capital | ||
| Fan Shiyi Phạm khi dịch |
18 May 1726 | 12 May 1730 | Stand-in as thezongbingof Malan Town | |||
| Shi Yizhi Sử di thẳng |
12 May 1730 | Stand-in as theLeft Vice Secretary of Personnel | ||||
| 21 | Gao Qizhuo Cao này trác |
 |
20 June 1730 | 8 August 1731 | Stand-in as the Viceroy of Yun-Guang | |
| Yengišan |
 |
8 August 1731 | 24 October 1732 | Stand-in as theProvincial Governorof Jiangsu | ||
| Wei Tingzhen Ngụy đình trân |
24 October 1732 | 23 February 1733 | Stand-in as theViceroy of Caoyun | |||
| 22 | Gao Qizhuo Cao này trác |
|
23 February 1733 | 8 October 1733 | Recalled back to the imperial capital | |
| Zhao Hong'en Triệu hoành ân |
8 October 1733 | 18 June 1734 | Stand-in as theProvincial Governorof Hunan | |||
| 23 | Zhao Hong'en Triệu hoành ân |
18 June 1734 | 10 February 1737 | Recalled to the imperial capital | ||
| 24 | Qingfu Khánh phục |
10 February 1737 | 4 November 1737 | Reassigned to serve as theViceroy of Yun-Gui | ||
| 25 | Nasutu Kia tô đồ |
4 November 1737 | 5 December 1739 | Left office for filial mourning | ||
| 26 | Hao Yulin Hách ngọc lân |
5 December 1739 | 18 June 1740 | Relieved of his appointment | ||
| Yang Chaozeng Dương siêu từng |
18 June 1740 | 26 September 1741 | Stand-in asSecretary of War | |||
| 27 | Nasutu Kia tô đồ |
26 September 1741 | 9 May 1742 | Reassigned to serve as theViceroy of Min-Zhe | ||
| 28 | Depei Đức phái |
9 May 1742 | 11 March 1743 | Recalled to the imperial capital | ||
| 29 | Yengišan Doãn kế thiện |
|
11 March 1743 | 28 October 1748 | ||
| 30 | Ts'ereng Sách lăng |
28 October 1748 | 11 January 1749 | Reassigned to serve as theViceroy of Chuan-Shaan | ||
| Yarhašan Nhã ngươi ha thiện |
11 January 1749 | 25 January 1749 | Stand-in | |||
| 31 | Huang Tinggui Hoàng đình quế |
25 January 1749 | 25 July 1751 | Reassigned to serve as theViceroy of Shaan-Gan | ||
| 32 | Yengišan Doãn kế thiện |
|
25 July 1751 | 16 October 1753 | ||
| Zhuang Yougong Trang có cung |
 |
11 November 1752 | Stand-in asProvincial Governorof Jiangsu | |||
| Erong'an Ngạc dung an |
24 February 1753 | 16 October 1753 | Stand-in asProvincial Governorof Jiangxi | |||
| 33 | Erong'an Ngạc dung an |
16 October 1753 | 1755 | Killed in battle | ||
| Yengišan Doãn kế thiện |
|
26 September 1754 | 29 November 1756 | Stand-in asViceroy of Southern Rivers | ||
| 34 | Yengišan Doãn kế thiện |
|
29 November 1756 | 9 May 1765 | Reassigned to the Imperial Cabinet | |
| 35 | Gao Jin Cao tấn |
9 May 1765 | 25 February 1779 | Died in office | ||
| 36 | Sazai Tát tái |
25 February 1779 | 21 September 1780 | Left office for filial mourning | ||
| 37 | Chen Huizu Trần Huy tổ |
21 September 1780 | January 1781 | |||
| Sazai Tát tái |
January 1781 | 17 February 1783 | Acting Viceroy of Liang gian g | |||
| 38 | Sazai Tát tái |
17 February 1783 | 10 April 1786 | Died in office | ||
| 39 | Li Shijie Lý thế kiệt |
10 April 1786 | 30 December 1787 | Reassigned to serve as theViceroy of Sichuan | ||
| Min Eyuan Mẫn ngạc nguyên |
11 April 1786 | Stand-in as theProvincial Governorof Jiangsu | ||||
| 40 | Shulin Thư lân |
11 April 1786 | 11 July 1790 | Dismissed from office | ||
| Fusong Phúc tung |
11 July 1790 | Stand-in as theProvincial Governorof Jiangsu | ||||
| 41 | Sun Shiyi Tôn sĩ nghị |
 |
14 July 1790 | 25 May 1791 | Promoted toSecretary of Personnel | |
| Changlin Trường lân |
25 May 1791 | Stand-in asProvincial Governorof Jiangsu | ||||
| 42 | Shulin Thư lân |
25 May 1791 | 14 August 1794 | Dismissed from office | ||
| 43 | Fugang Phú cương |
14 August 1794 | 23 January 1795 | Demoted | ||
| Suringga Tô lăng a |
14 August 1794 | Stand-in asSecretary of Justice | ||||
| 44 | Funing Phúc ninh |
23 January 1795 | 2 August 1796 | Reassigned to serve as theViceroy of Sichuan | ||
| Suringga Tô lăng a |
2 August 1796 | 6 November 1797 | Stand-in asSecretary of Justice | |||
| 45 | Li Fenghan Lý phụng hàn |
6 November 1797 | 18 March 1799 | Died in office | ||
| 46 | Fei Chun Phí thuần |
18 March 1799 | 12 August 1803 | Reassigned to serve asSecretary of War | ||
| 47 | Chen Dawen Trần đại văn |
12 August 1803 | 25 February 1805 | Reassigned to serve asLeft Censor-in-Chief | ||
| 48 | Tiebao Thiết bảo |
 |
25 February 1805 | 24 August 1809 | Dismissed from office | |
| 49 | Alinbao A Lâm bảo |
24 August 1809 | 11 January 1810 | Died in office | ||
| 50 | Songyun Tùng quân |
11 January 1810 | 26 February 1811 | Reassigned to serve as theViceroy of Liangguang | ||
| 51 | Lebao Lặc bảo |
26 February 1811 | 27 July 1811 | Recalled back to the imperial capital | ||
| 52 | Bailing Trăm linh |
27 July 1811 | 25 December 1816 | |||
| Songyun Tùng quân |
1 December 1816 | Stand-in asGrand Secretary | ||||
| 53 | Sun Yuting Tôn ngọc đình |
 |
25 December 1816 | 9 September 1824 | Promoted to Grand Secretary of Tiren Cabinet ( thể nhân các đại học sĩ ) | |
| 54 | Wei Yuanyu Ngụy nguyên dục |
28 January 1825 | 7 July 1825 | Reassigned to serve asViceroy of Caoyun | ||
| 55 | Qishan Kỳ thiện |
7 July 1825 | 5 June 1827 | Dismissed from office | ||
| Jiang Youxian Tưởng du tiêm |
19 April 1827 | 5 June 1827 | Stand-in as Grand Secretary of Tiren Cabinet ( thể nhân các đại học sĩ ) | |||
| 56 | Jiang Youxian Tưởng du tiêm |
5 June 1827 | 11 October 1830 | Recalled to the imperial capital | ||
| Tao Zhu Đào chú |
 |
24 July 1830 | 11 October 1830 | Stand-in asProvincial Governorof Jiangsu | ||
| 57 | Tao Zhu Đào chú |
|
11 October 1830 | 22 April 1839 | Left office due to illness | |
| 58 | Lin Zexu Lâm tắc từ |
 |
22 April 1839 | Reassigned to serve asViceroy of Liangguangbefore he assumed office | ||
| Chen Luan Trần loan |
22 April 1839 | 5 January 1840 | Stand-in asProvincial Governorof Jiangsu | |||
| 59 | Deng Tingzhen Đặng đình trinh |
 |
5 January 1840 | Reassigned to serve asViceroy of Yun-Guibefore he assumed office | ||
| 60 | Ilibu Y vải bố lót trong |
21 January 1840 | 3 May 1841 | Recalled to the imperial capital | ||
| Linqing Lân khánh |
21 January 1840 | Stand-in asViceroy of Caoyun | ||||
| Yuqian Dụ khiêm |
6 August 1840 | 10 February 1841 | Stand-in asProvincial Governorof Jiangsu | |||
| 61 | Yuqian Dụ khiêm |
3 May 1841 | 22 October 1841 | Died in office | ||
| Niu Jian Ngưu giam |
19 October 1841 | 17 October 1842 | Stand-in asProvincial Governorof Henan | |||
| 62 | Qiying Kỳ anh |
 |
17 October 1842 | 19 March 1844 | ||
| Bichang Bích xương |
6 April 1843 | 1 December 1843 | Stand-in as General of Fuzhou | |||
| Sun Shanbao Tôn thiện bảo |
6 April 1843 | 1 December 1843 | Stand-in asProvincial Governorof Jiangsu | |||
| Bichang Bích xương |
19 March 1844 | 21 January 1845 | Stand-in as General of Fuzhou | |||
| Sun Shanbao Tôn thiện bảo |
19 March 1844 | 21 January 1845 | Stand-in asProvincial Governorof Jiangsu | |||
| 63 | Bichang Bích xương |
21 January 1845 | 30 April 1847 | Promoted to Interior Minister | ||
| Lu Jianying Lục kiến doanh |
8 March 1847 | 30 April 1847 | Stand-in asProvincial Governorof Jiangsu | |||
| 64 | Li Xingyuan Lý tinh nguyên |
 |
30 April 1847 | 26 April 1849 | Left office due to illness | |
| 65 | Lu Jianying Lục kiến doanh |
26 April 1849 | 6 March 1853 | Dismissed from office | ||
| Xianghou Tường hậu |
6 March 1853 | 31 March 1853 | Stand-in as General of Jiangning | |||
| Yang Wending Dương văn định |
31 March 1853 | 27 May 1853 | Stand-in asProvincial Governorof Jiangsu | |||
| 66 | Yiliang Di lương |
27 March 1853 | 5 May 1857 | |||
| Zhao Dezhe Triệu Đức triệt |
5 May 1857 | Stand-in asProvincial Governorof Jiangsu | ||||
| He Guiqing Gì quế thanh |
5 May 1857 | 26 July 1857 | Stand-in as formerProvincial Governorof Zhe gian g | |||
| 67 | He Guiqing Gì quế thanh |
26 July 1857 | 8 June 1860 | Dismissed from office | ||
| Zeng Guofan Tằng Quốc Phiên |
 |
8 June 1860 | 10 August 1860 | Stand-in as formerVice Secretary of War | ||
| Xu Youren Từ có nhâm |
 |
8 June 1860 | 18 June 1860 | Stand-in asProvincial Governorof Jiangsu; killed in battle | ||
| Xue Huan Tiết hoán |
18 June 1860 | Stand-in as Lieutenant-Governor of Jiangsu | ||||
| 68 | Zeng Guofan Tằng Quốc Phiên |
|
10 August 1860 | 6 September 1868 | Reassigned to serve asViceroy of Zhili | |
| Li Hongzhang Lý hồng chương |
 |
23 May 1865 | 7 December 1866 | Stand-in asProvincial Governorof Jiangsu | ||
| 69 | Ma Xinyi Mã tân di |
6 September 1868 | 29 August 1870 | Assassinated in office | ||
| Kuiyu Khôi ngọc |
29 August 1870 | Stand-in as General of Jiangning | ||||
| 70 | Zeng Guofan Tằng Quốc Phiên |
|
29 August 1870 | 20 March 1872 | Died in office | |
| He Jing Gì cảnh |
20 March 1872 | 25 November 1872 | Stand-in asProvincial Governorof Jiangsu | |||
| Zhang Shusheng Trương thụ thanh |
25 November 1872 | 3 February 1873 | Stand-in asProvincial Governorof Jiangsu | |||
| 71 | Li Zongxi Lý tông hi |
3 February 1873 | 12 January 1875 | Left office due to illness | ||
| Liu Kunyi Lưu khôn một |
 |
12 January 1875 | 1 September 1875 | Stand-in asProvincial Governorof Jiangxi | ||
| 72 | Shen Baozhen Thẩm bảo trinh |
 |
30 May 1875 | 26 December 1879 | Died in office | |
| Wu Yuanbing Ngô nguyên bỉnh |
28 March 1878 | Stand-in asProvincial Governorof Jiangsu | ||||
| Wu Yuanbing Ngô nguyên bỉnh |
26 December 1879 | July 1880 | Stand-in asProvincial Governorof Jiangsu | |||
| 73 | Liu Kunyi Lưu khôn một |
|
27 December 1879 | 22 August 1881 | Recalled to the imperial capital | |
| 74 | Peng Yulin Bành ngọc lân |
 |
22 August 1881 | 28 October 1881 | Dismissed from office | |
| 75 | Zuo Zongtang Tả tông đường |
 |
28 October 1881 | 8 February 1884 | Left office due to illness | |
| Yulu Dụ lộc |
 |
8 February 1884 | Stand-in asProvincial Governorof Anhui; never assumed office | |||
| Zeng Guoquan Từng quốc thuyên |
 |
16 February 1884 | 6 September 1887 | Stand-in asSecretary of Rites | ||
| Yulu Dụ lộc |
|
6 September 1887 | October 1887 | Stand-in asViceroy of Huguang | ||
| Zeng Guoquan Từng quốc thuyên |
|
October 1887 | 22 November 1890 | Acting Viceroy of Liang gian g | ||
| Shen Bingcheng Thẩm bỉnh thành |
 |
22 November 1890 | Stand-in asProvincial Governorof Anhui | |||
| 76 | Liu Kunyi Lưu khôn một |
|
22 November 1890 | 7 October 1902 | Died in office | |
| Zhang Zhidong Trương chi động |
 |
2 November 1894 | 2 January 1896 | Stand-in asViceroy of Huguang | ||
| Lu Chuanlin Lộc truyền lâm |
 |
24 December 1899 | 3 May 1900 | Stand-in asProvincial Governorof Jiangsu | ||
| Li Youfen Lý có phân |
7 October 1902 | Stand-in as Lieutenant-Governor of Jiangning | ||||
| Zhang Zhidong Trương chi động |
|
7 October 1902 | 20 March 1903 | Stand-in asViceroy of Huguang | ||
| 77 | Wei Guangtao Ngụy quang đảo |
 |
5 December 1902 | 1 September 1904 | Reassigned to serve asViceroy of Min-Zhe | |
| 78 | Li Xingrui Lý hưng duệ |
1 September 1904 | 31 October 1904 | Died in office | ||
| 79 | Zhou Fu Chu phức |
 |
31 October 1904 | 2 September 1906 | Reassigned to serve as theViceroy of Min-Zhe | |
| Duanfang Đoan chính |
 |
31 October 1904 | 2 September 1906 | Stand-in asProvincial Governorof Jiangsu | ||
| 80 | Duanfang Đoan chính |
|
2 September 1906 | 28 June 1909 | Reassigned to serve asViceroy of Zhili | |
| Fan Zengxiang Phàn tăng tường |
 |
28 June 1909 | Stand-in as Lieutenant-Governor of Jiangning | |||
| 81 | Zhang Renjun Trương người tuấn |
 |
28 June 1909 | 23 January 1912 | Dismissed from office | |
| Zhang Xun Trương huân |
 |
23 January 1912 | Stand-in asProvincial Military Commanderof Jiangnan | |||
References
[edit]- Zhao, Erxun(1928).Draft History of Qing(Qing Shi Gao)(in Chinese). Vol. 197–199.