What's Love Got to Do with It(1993 film)
What's Love Got to Do with It | |
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![]() Theatrical release poster | |
Directed by | Brian Gibson |
Screenplay by | Kate Lanier |
Story by | Howard Ashman(uncredited)[1] |
Based on | I, Tina byTina Turner withKurt Loder |
Produced by |
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Starring | |
Cinematography | Jamie Anderson |
Edited by | Stuart Pappé |
Music by | Stanley Clarke |
Production company | |
Distributed by | Buena Vista Pictures Distribution |
Release dates |
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Running time | 118 minutes |
Country | United States |
Language | English |
Budget | $15 million[2] |
Box office | $61 million[3] |
What's Love Got to Do with Itis a 1993 Americanbiographical filmbased on the life of American singer-songwriterTina Turner.Directed byBrian Gibsonand written byKate Lanierfrom a uncredited story draft by the lateHoward Ashman,based on Tina's 1986 autobiographyI, Tina,it starsAngela Bassettas Tina andLaurence Fishburneas her abusive husbandIke Turner.
What's Love Got to Do with Itpremiered in Los Angeles on June 6, 1993, and was theatrically released byTouchstone Pictureson June 25, 1993. Although the Turners disapproved of its inaccuracies, the film was critically and commercially successful, grossing $61 million on a $15 million budget. For their performances, Bassett and Fishburne received nominations at the66th Academy AwardsforBest ActressandBest Actor.Bassett also won theGolden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical.
Plot
[edit]Raised inNutbush, Tennessee,in the early 1950s, Anna Mae Bullock returns home from church one day to see her mother Zelma leaving, and taking her elder sisterAllinewith her. She is distraught over her mother leaving and is consoled by her grandmother Georgeanna. Six years later, a teenage Anna Mae relocates toSt. Louis,where she reunites with her mother and Alline. While in St. Louis, Alline takes Anna to a nightclub atEast St. Louis,where she sees bandleaderIke Turnerperform with his bandKings of Rhythm.After nights of seeing women in the crowd coming onstage to sing with Ike, Anna finally gets her chance to perform for Ike and impresses him so much that he offers to mentor her and produce her music.
As the first frontwoman of Kings of Rhythm, along with the formation of a backing girl group (later known asthe Ikettes), Anna develops a local popularity at the St. Louis club scene. The two record a hit song, "A Fool in Love"and develop a romance. Anna becomes pregnant with their son and learns, while in the hospital, that her name has changed to Tina Turner after the radio station announces the name"Ike & Tina Turner"following the playing of" A Fool in Love ". The couple drives to Tijuana to get married and soon after the Ike & Tina Turner Revue becomes a national sensation and relocates toLos Angeles.Upon learning that Ike & Tina have moved to Los Angeles, Ike's former girlfriend Lorraine Taylor makes an unexpected visit to their new home and drops off their two sons, which further complicates matters at home.
One day while at home, Tina voices her opinion that Ike's music "all sounds the same", which leads to Ikebeating herin front of their four sons. Following a performance on a teen rock and roll show in 1966, Tina is offered a solo deal withPhil Spectorfor the song, "River Deep – Mountain High."Following the release of the song, the duo open forthe Rolling Stonesin London and find success with their recording of "Proud Mary",which transforms the Revue from a national R&B phenomenon to an international sensation. Over time, crowds begin clamoring more to Tina than Ike, which causes further tension as Ike discovers cocaine.
During one recording session of the song, "Nutbush City Limits"in 1973, an addicted Ike sexually assaults Tina for not singing the song to his satisfaction, blaming her for the duo's issues in following their previous hits. Feeling hopeless, Tina attempts suicide by overdosing a full bottle of sleeping pills before a show and is rushed to a hospital where she recovers. Tina eventually visits a friend, a former Ikette, who convinces her to practiceBuddhismand the chantNam-Myoho-Renge-Kyowhich leads Tina to find a newfound strength. Then, in 1976, while en route to a show in Dallas, a fed-up Tina begins to annoy Ike and they get into a physical altercation in the limousine on their way to the hotel. Upon their arrival, Ike falls asleep and Tina flees, running across a freeway to the Ramada Inn where she finds refuge. Tina later files for divorce and in the final matter, she agrees to give up everything except her stage name.
In 1980, Tina begins rebuilding her career at the cabaret circuit and invites a young impresario namedRoger Daviesto see her perform so he could manage her and help her realize her dreams as a rock star. Impressed that she still could perform, Davies agrees to manage her. Still, the presence of Ike threatens to derail her chances. Turning to her Buddhist faith, she prepares for a show at theRitz Theatrein 1983 where Ike confronts her at her dressing room with a gun. Undeterred, Tina verbally silences him and leaves the dressing room where she dazzles the audience at the Ritz with her new hit single, "What's Love Got to Do with It",where she eventually realizes her dream of being a rock superstar.
Cast
[edit]- Angela BassettasTina Turner,born Anna Mae Bullock
- Rae'Ven Larrymore Kellyas young Anna Mae
- Cora Lee Day as Grandma Georgiana
- Khandi Alexanderas Darlene
- Laurence FishburneasIke Turner
- Jenifer Lewisas Zelma Bullock, Tina's mother
- Phyllis Yvonne StickneyasAlline Bullock
- Penny Johnson Jeraldas Lorraine Taylor
- Vanessa Bell Callowayas Jackie
- Chi McBrideas Fross
- Sherman Augustus as Reggie
- Terrence Riggins as Spider
- Bo Kane as Dance Show Host
- Terrence Evansas Bus Driver
- Rob LaBelle asPhil Spector
- James ReyneasRoger Davies
- Richard T. Jonesas Ike Turner Jr.
- Shavar Rossas Michael Turner
- Damon Hines as Ronnie Turner
- Suli McCullough as Craig Turner
- Elijah B. Saleem as teenage Ike Turner Jr.
Production
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Angela_Bassett_2_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/150px-Angela_Bassett_2_by_David_Shankbone.jpg)
Taylor Hackfordwas originally slated to direct; however, Hackford would later be replaced byMario Van Peebles,who also wanted to play Ike Turner. Van Peebles left the project to directPosse(1993). Touchstone Pictures offered the film to Brian Gibson, who was about to directThe Thing Called Love(1993) forParamount Pictures.Gibson choose to helm the Touchstone project due to a more profitablepay-or-play dealwhich Paramount failed to match.[4]
Halle Berry,Robin Givens,Pam Grier,Whitney Houston,Janet JacksonandVanessa L. Williamswere all considered for the lead role.[5]Houston was actually offered the role, but had to decline due to imminent maternity.Jenifer Lewisalso originally auditioned to play Tina but was cast instead as Tina's mother despite being only a year older than Bassett.[6]
Angela Bassettauditioned in October 1992 and was chosen only a month before production began in December. During that time, she had to learn not only how to talk like Turner but to dance and move like her. She would have been willing to try to do the singing as well, but ''not in the time we had,'' she said. ''I did think about it for a second, though.'' Instead, she lipsyncs to soundtracks recorded by Tina and Fishburne. Bassett worked with Tina, but only ''a little bit.'' Turner helped most with the re-creations of her famed dance routines.[7]She also re-recorded new versions of all the songs used in the film.[8]
Laurence Fishburnewas offered the role of Ike five times and turned it down each time.[5][9]"It was pretty one-sided," said Fishburne, who turned down the project based on the script he first read. Ike, Fishburne added, was "obviously the villain of the piece, but there was no explanation as to why he behaved the way he behaved - why she was with him for 16 to 20 years, what made her stay."[7]The writers made some changes and though Ike is still shown as a pretty despicable sort, the film offers at least some insight into him - most notably a scene in which Ike recalls watching, at age 6, his father's death from wounds suffered in a fight over a woman. The changes helped persuade Fishburne to do the role, but he says that Bassett's casting as Tina "was the deciding factor."[7][9]
Fishburne did not have Ike around to help model his performance as much as he would have liked. He met him once during production. "He was not particularly welcome on this project," Fishburne says.[5]The actor's only meeting was a brief introduction when Ike showed up at the Turners' former home inView Parkduring a location shoot. Ike signed some autographs and showed Fishburne his walk. "It was nice to meet him," says Fishburne. "Regardless of his actions, he was so much a part of Tina's life. The movie is about him just as much as her. It's unfortunate that he wasn't welcomed, that both of them weren't around more."[5]Director Gibson had no contact with Ike. "I never spoke to him," says Gibson. "I was not allowed to.Disneyfelt that it would not be a good idea. "[5]
Screenwriter Kate Lanier omitted much of the brutality Tina said she endured in her book.[10]Her character was also sanitized; most notably, her relationship with saxophonistRaymond Hilland the birth of their son was excluded from the film.[11]Lanier admitted that Tina Turner was not happy with certain aspects of the film because some parts were fictionalized.[10]Tina Turner tried to talk to the Disney filmmakers about the script. In 1993, she toldVanity Fairthat they saw "a deep need" to make a film about "a woman who was a victim to a con man. How weak! How shallow! How dare you think that was what I was? I was in control every minute there. I was there because I wanted to be, because I had promised." She added, "O.K. so if I was a victim, fine. Maybe I was a victim for a short while. But give me credit forthinkingthe whole time I was there. See, I do have pride. "[12]
Historical accuracy
[edit]Although the film was adapted from Tina Turner's autobiographyI, Tina,elements of the script were "fictionalized for dramatic purposes".[5]
- Ike did not sing or play guitar on the record "Rocket 88"as depicted in the film. He wrote the song and played piano on the record. His saxophonistJackie Brenstonwas the vocalist. The record was released under the alias Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats who were actually Ike's band theKings of Rhythm.[13]
- The song Anna Mae first performs onstage with Ike, "You Know I Love You",was actually a slowerB.B. Kingblues ballad;Ike played piano on King's record.[14]When Anna Mae sang the song, Ike played the organ, not the guitar as depicted in the film.[11]Tina recorded ablues rockrendition of the song for the film's soundtrack.
- Anna Mae and Ike did not have sex the night his live-in girlfriend Lorraine Taylor shot herself as depicted. In reality, when Anna Mae was pregnant in 1958, Lorraine pulled a gun on her before shooting herself because she believed that Anna Mae and Ike were having an affair. However, Anna Mae and Ike were platonic friends until 1960 when she went to sleep in his bed after a musician threatened to come into her room.[15]
- The first song Anna Mae is portrayed recording, "Tina's Wish", is actually a 1973 track titled "Make Me Over" from the albumNutbush City Limits.In reality, the first song she recorded is "Boxtop"in 1958.[16]
- A theater marquee is shown for a 1960 show starringOtis Redding,Martha and the Vandellas,and Ike & Tina Turner. In reality, Martha and the Vandellas were known as The Del-Phis until 1961, and Otis Redding did not release his first solo single until 1962.[17]
- In the film, Anna Mae learns of her name change to Tina Turner after her song is played on a radio in the hospital where she had given birth. In reality, Ike & Tina Turner's debut single "A Fool In Love" was released in August 1960, months before she gave birth to their son.[18]
- In real life, Ike did not call her Anna Mae, he called her either Ann or "Bo" (short for her surname Bullock).[19]Even after she received the stage name Tina Turner, family and friends still called her Ann.[20]
- The film implies that Tina's eldest child, Craig Raymond (born Raymond Craig in 1958), is Ike's biological son. In reality, his biological father was saxophonistRaymond Hilland Ike later adopted him. Tina and Ike have one biological child, Ronald "Ronnie" Renelle, born in 1960.[21]
- The film depicts Ike and his entourage sneaking Tina out of the hospital after she gave birth to get married. In reality, Ike was not present for the birth of their son Ronnie. Tina wrote in her book that a few days after she checked herself out of the hospital, she discovered that the woman Ike hired to replace her while she recuperated was asex workerusing her stage name Tina Turner to get clients.[22]She confronted the woman and after they got into a fight, Tina performed a show that night.[23]Ike wrote in his bookTakin' Back My Namethat he was unaware the woman was a sex worker. He was out of town to attend a court hearing in St. Louis when Tina gave birth in Los Angeles.[19]They married in 1962, two years after the birth of their son.[19][11]
- Lorraine Taylor, the mother of Ike's sons Ike Junior and Michael, did not drop them off at his home with Tina as depicted in the film. In reality, Ike went to St. Louis and brought his sons to Los Angeles after Lorraine informed him she was going to leave them there. Tina also brought her son Craig to live with them.[19]
- In a scene dated 1968, Ike and Tina open forthe Rolling Stonesperforming "Proud Mary".In reality, Ike and Tina did not perform" Proud Mary "until after it was released byCreedence Clearwater Revivalin 1969. The Rolling Stones did not have any concerts in 1968; Ike and Tina opened for them on their1966 British Tourand1969 American Tour.[24]
- Jackie and Fross are both fictional characters. Jackie represents anamalgamationofIkettesand associates of Tina, one of whom was Ike's friend Valerie Bishop who introduced Tina to Buddhism in 1973.[11]
- The infamous "eat the cake Anna Mae" scene was an exaggerated reenactment of an incident that occurred during the early years of the revue. Tina recalled that when they stopped to order food, someone brought her a pound cake while they were sitting in a car. Although Tina said she did not order it, Ike ordered her to eat all of it while he watched.[11]
- The scene where Tina was raped during the recording of "Nutbush City Limits"was exaggerated from what she stated in her book. Tina claimed that sometimes after Ike would hit her, he then would have sex with her.[11]Ike maintained that he never raped Tina.[11]"Nutbush City Limits" was recorded at theirBolic Soundrecording studio, not at home as depicted in the film.
- The film depicts Tina's suicide attempt in 1974 when it actually occurred six years prior in 1968.[25]
- Ike did not tell Tina "if you don't make it, I'll kill you" as depicted in the ambulance scene. Tina stated in her book that after her suicide attempt she joked with a friend that she was so afraid of Ike, he probably threatened her which is why she survived. She was unconscious and did not know what he actually said. Ike stated in his book that he scolded Tina as his way of motivating her to fight for her life.[19]
- During the time Tina is planning her comeback in the early 1980s, a reenactment of an interview features Tina rehearsing her song "I Might Have Been Queen".The song would be recorded for her 1984 comeback album,Private Dancer.
- The incident in theRitz Theatrewhere Ike fails to scare Tina with his pistol is fabricated. Allegedly, Ike made threats to hire a hitman, so Tina carried a pistol, but he did not threaten her in person with a gun as depicted.[26]
- Before performing "What's Love Got to Do with It"at the Ritz in 1983, the emcee announces that it was her" first solo appearance ", but she first performed there in 1981. Her 1983 performance there occurred before the recording of" What's Love Got to Do with It "and led toCapitol Recordssigning a contract with her.[11]
- A title card at the end states that Tina's first solo album won four Grammy Awards, implying it wasPrivate Dancer.In reality that album was her fifth solo album. Her first two solo albums (Tina Turns the Country On!andAcid Queen) were released while she was still with Ike, and two (RoughandLove Explosion) were released after.[27]
Reception
[edit]Critical reception
[edit]What's Love Got to Do with Itreceived widespread critical acclaim.[28][29][30]On thereview aggregatorwebsiteRotten Tomatoes,the film has an approval rating of 97% based on 59 reviews, with an average rating of 7.6/10. The site's consensus is: "With a fascinating real-life story and powerhouse performances from Angela Bassett and Laurence Fishburne,What's Love Got to Do with Itis a can't miss biopic. "[31]Metacritic,which assigns a weighted average to critics' reviews, gave the film an average score of 76 out of 100 based on 26 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[32]Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[33]
Janet Maslin ofThe New York Timeswrote: "The brilliant, mercurial portrayal of Ike Turner by Laurence Fishburne, formerly known as Larry, is what elevatesWhat's Love Got to Do With Itbeyond the realm of run-of-the-mill biography. "[34]Gene Siskelof theChicago Tribunegave it a score of four out of four, calling it, "A powerful, joyful, raw, energetically acted bio-pic detailing the joys and pain of the on- and offstage lives of blues rockers Ike and Tina Turner."[35]
Responses by Tina and Ike
[edit]Tina Turner stated she wished the film had not portrayed her as a "victim".[12]In 2018, Turner toldOprah Winfreythat she had only recently watched the film. She said, "I watched a little bit of it, but I didn't finish it because that was not how things went. Oprah, I didn't realize they would change the details so much."[36]Despite her disapproval of elements of the film, Turner heavily praised Bassett's portrayal of her. When Bassett was named one ofTime's100 most influential peoplein 2023, Turner wrote of Bassett's portrayal of her inWhat's Love Got to Do With It:"Angela, the first time we met, you didn't look, sound, or move like me—that came later after you worked so hard to make it happen. But even then, I could see that the young woman standing before me had strength, determination, and big, big dreams, just like me. 'She's perfect,' I said, and I was right. You never mimicked me. Instead, you reached deep into your soul, found your inner Tina, and showed her to the world."[37][38]
Ike Turner said that the film and Tina Turner's book are "filled with lies".[39][40]In his autobiography,Takin' Back My Name,he said Fishburne did "a fantastic job, though the job he did isn't really me".[19]He also stated he was upset about the rape scene, which he claimed was fabricated and "was the lowest thing they could have ever done". He added that the film damaged his reputation.[19]
Box office
[edit]The film grossed $40.1 million in the United States and Canada and $20.5 million internationally for a worldwide total of $60.6 million.[3]
Awards
[edit]American Film Institute
[edit]The film is recognized byAmerican Film Institutein these lists:
- 2006:AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers– #85[47]
Top lists
[edit]- Ranked #1 on Favorite Movie of the Year in 1994 byEbonyReaders' Poll[48]
- Ranked #2 on Top 9 Subjects of a Music Bio-Pic byEntertainment Weekly[49]
- Ranked #8 on Top 10 Best Rock Biopics byRolling StoneReaders' Poll[50]
- Ranked #9 on The Best Black Movies of the Last 30 Years ByComplex[51]
Soundtrack
[edit]References
[edit]- ^"Alan Menken on Losing Disney Lyricist Howard Ashman to AIDS: 'It Was Crushing'".HuffPost.12 August 2020.
- ^"What's Love Got to Do With It (1993) - Financial Information".The Numbers.
- ^ab"Top 100 grossers worldwide, '93-94".Variety.October 17, 1994. p. M-56.
- ^"AFI|Catalog".catalog.afi.Retrieved2023-05-26.
- ^abcdefWalker, Michael (May 16, 1993)."SUMMER SNEAKS: Tina Turner's Story Through a Disney Prism: The singer's film biography, 'What's Love Got to Do With It,' focuses on her turbulent relationship with her mentor and ex-husband Ike Turner as well as her triumphant comeback - Los Angeles Times".Los Angeles Times.ISSN0458-3035.Retrieved2013-10-06.
- ^Alexander, Keith L. (2017-11-24)."How 'Blackish' star Jenifer Lewis became 'the mother of black Hollywood'".The Washington Post.ISSN0190-8286.Retrieved2021-07-27.
- ^abc"How Laurence And Angela Became Ike And Tina".tribunedigital-orlandosentinel.Retrieved2017-10-24.
- ^What's Love Got to Do With It - Tina Turner | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic,retrieved2021-07-26
- ^abJung, E. Alex (19 August 2020)."Laurence Fishburne Knows Who He Is".Vulture.
Well, I turned the movie down five times. The reason I said yes finally was because Angie was going to play the part.
- ^abCollier, Aldore (July 1993)."'What's Love Git To Do With It': Larry Fishburne and Angela Bassett portray Ike and Tina Turner In New Movie ".Ebony.48(9): 110–112.
- ^abcdefghTurner, Tina. (1986).I, Tina.Loder, Kurt. (1st ed.). New York: Morrow.ISBN0688060897.OCLC13069211.
- ^abOrth, Maureen (May 1993)."Tina Turner – The Lady Has Legs!".Vanity Fair.
- ^Cawthorne & Turner 1999,p. 46.
- ^McGee, David (2005).B.B. King: There is Always One More Time.Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 86.ISBN978-0-87930-843-8.
- ^Turner & Loder 1986,p. 59.
- ^Turner & Loder 1986,p. 57.
- ^"Six definitive songs: The ultimate beginner's guide to Otis Redding".9 September 2020.Retrieved2021-07-26.
- ^Turner & Loder 1986,p. 64.
- ^abcdefgTurner, Ike. (1999).Takin' Back My Name: The Confessions of Ike Turner.Cawthorne, Nigel, 1951-. London: Virgin.ISBN1852278501.OCLC43321298.
- ^Greensmith, Bill (2015).Blues Unlimited: Essential Interviews from the Original Blues Magazine.Russell, Tony, Camarigg, Mark, Rowe, Mike. University of Illinois Press. pp. 247–248.ISBN9780252097508.
- ^Turner & Loder 1986,p. 69.
- ^Bego, Mark (1998).Tina Turner: Break Every Rule.Rowman & Littlefield. p. 67.ISBN9781589792531.RetrievedNovember 18,2018.
- ^Turner & Loder 1986,p. 70.
- ^Cawthorne & Turner 1999,p. 115.
- ^Turner & Loder 1986,p. 115.
- ^Turner & Loder 1986,p. 162.
- ^"Tina Turner | Album Discography".AllMusic.Retrieved2021-07-26.
- ^"Tina turns tumultuous life into 'Love'".The Baltimore Sun.1993-06-18.Retrieved2013-10-05.
- ^Turan, Kenneth(1993-06-09)."Movie Review: 'Love': Playing It Nice and Rough: Exceptional Acting Powers Story of Up and Downs of Ike and Tina Turner".Los Angeles Times.Retrieved2013-10-05.
- ^Rickey, Carrie (1994-03-24)."For Pop Queen Tina Turner, Life Was Never, Ever Nice And Easy".Philly. Archived fromthe originalon October 6, 2013.Retrieved2013-10-05.
- ^"What's Love Got to Do With It".Rotten Tomatoes.Fandango Media.RetrievedJune 6,2023.
- ^"What's Love Got to Do With It Reviews".Metacritic.Fandom, Inc.RetrievedFebruary 4,2023.
- ^"Home".CinemaScore.Retrieved2023-02-05.
- ^Maslin, Janet(9 June 1993)."Review/Film: What's Love Got to Do With It; Tina Turner's Tale: Living Life With Ike and Then Without Him".The New York Times.
- ^Siskel, Gene(June 11, 1993)."Tina Turner Story Tunes in to the Rhythms of Real Life".chicagotribune.
- ^"Tina Turner Talks To Oprah About Keeping Her Spirits Up After a Stroke and Losing Her Son".Oprah magazine.2018-10-03.Retrieved2018-12-20.
- ^Turner, Tina(April 13, 2023)."Angela Bassett Is on the 2023 TIME 100 List".Time.RetrievedMay 25,2023.
- ^Pannett, Rachel (May 25, 2023)."How a 1993 Tina Turner biopic created a new generation of fans".The Washington Post.RetrievedMay 25,2023.
- ^Philips, Chuck (1993-06-24)."Q&A with Ike Turner: 'I Was the One Who Turned Her Into Tina Turner'".Los Angeles Times.Retrieved2013-10-05.
- ^"Ike Turner Says Movie Is False, Denies Beating Ex-Wife Tina Turner".Jet:14. July 19, 1993.
- ^"The 66th Academy Awards (1994) Nominees and Winners".Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.AMPAS.Archivedfrom the original on July 6, 2011.RetrievedOctober 22,2011.
- ^"Nominees/Winners".Casting Society of America.RetrievedJuly 9,2019.
- ^Seymour, Gene (1995-12-22)."Angela Bassett: Grounded--and Soaring as an Actress: After Vampires, Strange Days, the Film Star Can 'Exhale'".The Los Angeles Times.Retrieved2010-12-22.
- ^"Winners & Nominees: What's Love Got to Do with It".HFPA.Retrieved28 March2021.
- ^LEONARDI, MARISA (1994-01-07)."Michael Jackson Shares Whitney Houston's Spotlight: Honors: Houston wins five NAACP Image Awards, but Jackson gets cheers in a show marked by controversy".Los Angeles Times.ISSN0458-3035.Retrieved2016-01-22.
- ^"15th Annual Youth In Film Awards".YoungArtistAwards.org.Archived fromthe originalon 2011-04-03.Retrieved2011-03-31.
- ^"AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers"(PDF).American Film Institute.Retrieved2016-08-14.
- ^"EBONY Readers Poll End Of Year".Johnson Publishing Company. 12 September 1994.RetrievedMarch 31,2018.
- ^"Top 9 Subjects of a Music Bio-Pic".Entertainment Weekly.Retrieved2018-03-20.
- ^"Top 10 Best Rock Biopics".Rolling StoneReaders' Poll.Retrieved2018-03-20.
- ^"The Best Black Movies of the Last 30 Years".Complex.Retrieved2018-03-31.
Bibliography
[edit]- Cawthorne, Nigel; Turner, Ike (1999).Takin' Back My Name: The Confessions of Ike Turner.Virgin Books.ISBN9781852278502.
- Turner, Tina; Loder, Kurt (1986).I, Tina: My Life Story.William Morrow & Co.ISBN978-0-68805-949-1.
Notes
[edit]- ^Tied with Otis Sallid forSwing Kids.
External links
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