List of Cyrillic multigraphs

See also:Cyrillic Alpha betsandCyrillic script

Main article:Cyrillic digraphs

The followingmultigraphsare used in theCyrillic script.Thepalatalizedconsonants ofRussianand other languages written as C-⟨ь⟩are mostly predictable and therefore not included here unless they are irregular. Likewise, in thelanguages of the Caucasus,there are numerous other predictable multigraphs that are not included. These include doubled letters (or whole digraphs) that indicate 'tense' ('strong') consonants andlong vowels;sequences with⟨в⟩,⟨у⟩,⟨ә⟩forlabializedconsonants; and sequences with⟨ӏ⟩or⟨ъ⟩forejective consonantsorpharyngealizedconsonants and vowels.Tataralso has discontinuous digraphs. SeeCyrillic digraphsfor examples.

А

"Ан" redirects here. For the Mongolian political party abbreviated "АН" (AN), seeDemocratic Party (Mongolia).

⟨аа⟩:

• Archi:[aː]

⟨ааӏ⟩:

• Archi:[aːˤ]

⟨ан⟩:

• Dungan:[æ̃]

⟨аь⟩:

• Chechen:[æ]
• Ingush:[æ]
• Tabasaran:[æ]

⟨аӏ⟩:

• Archi:[aˤ]

В

⟨вь⟩:

• Shughni:[w]

Г

⟨гв⟩:

• Abaza:[ɡʷ]
• Archi:[gʷ]
• Lezgian:[gʷ]

⟨гг⟩:

• Tabasaran:[ɣ]

⟨гу⟩:

• Adyghe:[ɡʷ]
• Kabardian:[ɡʷ]
• Ossetian:[ɡʷ]
• Also found in several other languages where⟨у⟩is used forlabialization(though this is a predictable effect ofassimilation,and therefore does not result in a true digraph).

⟨гў⟩:

• Aleut language(Bering dialect):[w]

⟨гъ⟩:

• Abaza:[ʁ]
• Adyghe:[ʁ]
• Aghul:[ʁ]
• Archi:[ʁ]
• Avar:[ʁ]
• Bezhta:[ʁ]
• Crimean Tatar:[ɣ]
• Dargwa:[ɣ]
• Kabardian:[ʁ]
• Karachay-Balkar:[ʁ]
• Kumyk:[ʁ]
• Lezgian:[ʁ]
• Ossetian:[ʁ]
• Tabasaran:[ʕ]
• Tatar:word-final[ʁ]

⟨гъв⟩:

• Abaza:[ʁʷ]
• Archi:[ʁʷ]
• Lezgian:[ʁʷ]

⟨гъу⟩:

• Adyghe:[ʁʷ]
• Kabardian:[ʁʷ]
• Ossetian:[ʁʷ]

⟨гъь⟩:

• Abaza:[ʁʲ]

⟨гъӏ⟩:

• Archi:[ʁˤ]

⟨гъӏв⟩:

• Archi:[ʁˤʷ]

⟨гь⟩:

• Abaza:[ɡʲ]
• Abkhaz:[ɡʲ]
• Aghul:[h]
• Archi:[h]
• Avar:[ɦ]
• Bezhta:[h]
• Dargwa:[h]
• Kumyk:[h]
• Lezgian:[h]
• Shughni:[ɣ]
• Tabasaran:[h]

⟨гә⟩:

• Abkhaz:[ɡʷ]

⟨гӏ⟩:

• Abaza:[ʕ]
• Aghul:[ʕ]
• Archi:[ʕ]
• Avar:[ʕ]
• Chechen:[ɣ]
• Dargwa:[ʡ]
• Ingush:[ʁ]

⟨гӏв⟩:

• Abaza:[ʕʷ]

Ӷ

⟨ӷь⟩:

• Abkhaz:[ʁʲ]

⟨ӷә⟩:

• Abkhaz:[ʁʷ]

Д

⟨дж⟩

• Abaza:[d͡ʒ]
• Adyghe:[d͡ʒ]
• Aghul:[d͡z]
• Belarusian:[d͡ʐ]
• Bulgarian:[d͡ʒ]
• Crimean Tatar:[d͡ʒ]
• Dargwa:[d͡ʒ]
• Kabardian:[d͡ʒ]
• Karachay-Balkar:[d͡ʒ](Karachay);[d͡z](Balkar)
• Komi:[d͡ʒ]
• Lezgian:[d͡ʒ]
• Ossetian:[d͡ʒ]
• Russian:[d͡ʐ]
• Tabasaran:[d͡ʒ]
• Ukrainian:[d͡ʒ]

⟨джв⟩

• Abaza:[d͡ʒʷ]

⟨джь⟩

• Abaza:[d͡ʑ]

⟨дз⟩

• Abaza:[d͡z]
• Adyghe:[d͡z]
• Belarusian:[d͡z]
• Bulgarian:[d͡z]
• Dargwa:[d͡z]
• Kabardian:[d͡z]
• Komi:[d͡ʑ]
• Lezgian:[d͡z]
• Ossetian:[d͡z]
• Russian:[d͡z]
• Shughni:[d͡z]
• Tabasaran:[d͡z]
• Ukrainian:[d͡z]

⟨дзу⟩:

• Adyghe:[d͡zʷ]

⟨дч⟩:

• Russian:[t͡ɕ](though this is a predictable effect ofassimilation,and therefore not a true digraph)

⟨дь⟩:

• Yakut:[d͡ʑ]

⟨дә⟩:

• Abkhaz:[dʷ]

Е

⟨ее⟩

• Archi:[eː]

⟨ееӏ⟩

• Archi:[eːˤ]

⟨еӏ⟩

• Archi:[eˤ]

Ё

⟨ён⟩:

• Dungan:[jɔ̃]

⟨ёь⟩:

• Chechen:[jø]

Ж

⟨жв⟩

• Abaza:[ʒʷ]
• Archi:[ʒʷ]
• Tabasaran:[ʒʷ]

⟨жд⟩:

• Russian:usually not a digraph, and pronounced[ʐd](palatalized to[ʐdʲ]before⟨ь⟩and palatalizing vowels). However, in the word дождь ( "rain" ) and its derivatives, the conservative Moscow pronunciation uses the sound[ʑː](devoiced to[ɕː]in the nominative singular of дождь). The unpalatalized pronunciation[ʐː]in these words (unlike words with⟨жж⟩or⟨зж⟩) is uncommon and considered nonstandard.

⟨жж⟩:

• Russian:usually not a digraph, and pronounced[ʐː].However, the conservative Moscow pronunciation uses the sound[ʑː](though this is becoming increasingly outdated).

⟨жч⟩:

• Russian:[ɕː](though this is a predictable effect ofassimilation,and therefore not a true digraph)

⟨жъ⟩:

• Adyghe:[ʐ]

⟨жъу⟩:

• Adyghe:[ʒʷ]

⟨жь⟩:

• Abaza:[ʑ]
• Abkhaz:[ʒ]
• Adyghe:[ʑ]
• Kabardian:[ʑ]

⟨жә⟩:

• Abkhaz:[ʒʷ]

З

⟨зв⟩:

• Archi:[zʷ]
• Lezgian:[zʷ]

⟨зж⟩

• Russian:[ʐː](regular) or[ʑː](conservative Moscow pronunciation) (though this is a predictable effect ofassimilation,and therefore not a true digraph)

⟨зч⟩:

• Russian:[ɕː](though this is a predictable effect ofassimilation,and therefore not a true digraph)

Ӡ

⟨ӡә⟩:

• Abkhaz:[d͡ʑʷ]

И

⟨ии⟩:

• Archi:[iː]

⟨ииӏ⟩:

• Archi:[iːˤ]

⟨ий⟩:

• Chechen:[iː]
• Mongolian:[iː]

⟨иӏ⟩:

• Archi:[iˤ]

Й

⟨йх⟩:

• Moksha:[ç]

К

⟨кв⟩:

• Abaza:[kʷ]
• Archi:[kʷʰ]
• Lezgian:[kʷ]or[kʷʰ]
• Khanty:[kʷ]

⟨кк⟩:

• Aghul:[kː]
• Archi:[kː]
• Avar:[kː]
• Chechen:[kː]
• Tabasaran:[kː]

⟨ккв⟩:

• Archi:[kːʷ]

⟨ккх⟩:

• Chechen:[qː]

⟨ккъ⟩:

• Archi:[qːʼ]

⟨ккъӏ⟩:

• Archi:[qːˤʼ]

⟨ккъӏв⟩:

• Archi:[qːˤʷʼ]

⟨ку⟩:

• Adyghe:[kʷ]
• Kabardian:[kʷ]
• Ossetian:[kʷ]or[kʷʰ]
• Also found in several other languages where⟨у⟩is used forlabialization(though this is a predictable effect ofassimilation,and therefore does not result in a true digraph).

⟨кх⟩:

• Chechen[q]
• Ingush[q]

Trigraph Кхъ

⟨кхъ⟩

• Kabardian:[q͡χ]

⟨кхъу⟩

• Kabardian:[q͡χʷ]

⟨къ⟩:

• Abaza:[qʼ]
• Adyghe:[q]
• Aghul:[qː]
• Archi:[qʼ]
• Avar:[q͡χːʼ]
• Chechen:[qʼ]
• Crimean Tatar:[q]
• Dargwa:[ɢ]
• Ingush:[qʼ]
• Kabardian:[q]
• Karachay-Balkar:[q]
• Kumyk:[ɢ]or[q]
• Lezgian:[q]
• Ossetian:[kʼ]
• Tabasaran:[qːʰ]
• Tatar:[q]

⟨къв⟩:

• Abaza:[qʷʼ]
• Archi:[qʷʼ]
• Lezgian:[qʷ]

⟨къу⟩:

• Adyghe:[qʷ]
• Kabardian:[qʷ]
• Ossetian:[kʼʷ]

⟨къь⟩:

• Abaza:[qʲʼ]

⟨къӏ⟩:

• Archi:[qˤʼ]

⟨къӏв⟩:

• Archi:[qˤʷʼ]

⟨кь⟩:

• Abaza:[kʲ]
• Abkhaz:[kʲʼ]
• Aghul:[qʼ]
• Archi:[k͡ʟ̝̊ʼ]or[ʟ̝]
• Avar:[t͡ɬːʼ]
• Dargwa:[qʼ]
• Lezgian:[qʼ]
• Tabasaran:[qʼ]

⟨кьв⟩:

• Archi:[k͡ʟ̝̊ʷʼ]
• Lezgian:[qʷʼ]

⟨кә⟩:

• Abkhaz:[kʼʷ]

⟨кӏ⟩:

• Abaza:[kʼ]
• Adyghe:[kʼ]or[t͡ʃʼ]
• Aghul:[kʼ]
• Archi:[kʼ]
• Avar:[kʼ]
• Chechen:[kʼ]
• Dargwa:[kʼ]
• Ingush[kʼ]or[kʲʼ]
• Kabardian:[t͡ʃʼ]or[kʲʼ]
• Lezgian:[kʼ]
• Tabasaran:[kʼ]

⟨кӏв⟩:

• Abaza:[kʷʼ]
• Archi:[kʷʼ]
• Lezgian:[kʷʼ]

⟨кӏкӏ⟩:

• Avar:[kːʼ]

⟨кӏу⟩:

• Adyghe:[kʷʼ]
• Kabardian:[kʷʼ]

⟨кӏь⟩:

• Abaza:[kʲʼ]

⟨кʼ⟩:

• Itelmen:[kʼ]
• Nivkh:[kʰ]

Қ

⟨қь⟩:

• Abkhaz:[kʰʲ]

⟨қә⟩:

• Abkhaz:[kʷʰ]

Ҟ

⟨ҟь⟩:

• Abkhaz:[qʲʼ]

⟨ҟә⟩:

• Abkhaz:[qʼʷ]

Ӄ

⟨ӄʼ⟩:

• Itelmen:[qʼ]
• Nivkh:[qʰ]

Л

⟨ллъ⟩:

• Archi:[ʟ̝̊ː]

⟨ллъв⟩:

• Archi:[ʟ̝̊ːʷ]

⟨лх⟩:

• Moksha:[l̥]
• Mongolian:[ɬʰ]

⟨лъ⟩:

• Adyghe:[ɬ]
• Archi:[ʟ̝̊]
• Avar:[ɬ]
• Kabardian:[ɬ]

⟨лъв⟩:

• Archi:[ʟ̝̊ʷ]

⟨лълъ⟩:

• Avar:[ɬː]

⟨ль⟩:

• Abaza:[ɮ]

⟨лӏ⟩:

• Abaza:[ɬʼ]
• Adyghe:[ɬʼ]
• Archi:[k͡ʟ̝̊]
• Avar:[t͡ɬː]
• Kabardian:[ɬʼ]

⟨лӏв⟩:

• Archi:[k͡ʟ̝̊ʷ]

Н

⟨нг⟩: ⟨нг⟩:

• Karachay-Balkar:[ŋ]
• Kumyk:[ɴ]or[ŋ]
• Uzbek:[ŋ]

⟨нъ⟩:

• Crimean Tatar:[ŋ]

⟨нь⟩:

• Yakut:[ɲ]
• In thecyrillization of Chineseit is used for a word-final[n],equivalent topinyin⟨n⟩.

Ң

⟨ңв⟩:

• Khanty:[ŋʷ]

О

⟨ов⟩:

• Chechen:[ɔʊ]
• Ingush:[ow]

⟨ое⟩:

• Selkup:[æ]

⟨он⟩:

• Dungan[aŋ]

⟨оо⟩:

• Archi:[oː]
• Shughni:[oː]

⟨ооӏ⟩:

• Archi:[oːˤ]

⟨оь⟩:

• Chechen:[ø]
• Kumyk:[ø]
• Nogai:[ø]

⟨оӏ⟩:

• Archi:[oˤ]

П

⟨пп⟩

• Aghul:[pː]
• Archi:[pː]
• Chechen[pː]
• Tabasaran:[pː]

⟨пъ⟩:

• Ossetian:[pʼ]

⟨пӏ⟩:

• Abaza:[pʼ]
• Adyghe:[pʼ]
• Aghul:[pʼ]
• Archi:[pʼ]
• Chechen:[pʼ]
• Dargwa:[pʼ]
• Ingush[pʼ]
• Kabardian:[pʼ]
• Lezgian:[pʼ]
• Tabasaran:[pʼ]

⟨пӏу⟩:

• Adyghe:[pʷʼ]

⟨пʼ⟩:

• Itelmen:[pʼ]
• Nivkh:[pʰ]

Р

⟨рх⟩:

• Moksha:[r̥]

⟨рхӏ⟩:

• Chechen:[r̥]
• Ingush[r̥]

С

⟨св⟩:

• Archi:[sʷ]
• Lezgian:[sʷ]

⟨сж⟩:

• Russian:[ʐː](though this is a predictable effect ofassimilation,and therefore not a true digraph)

⟨сс⟩:

• Aghul:[sː]
• Archi:[sː]
• Avar:[sː]
• Chechen:[sː]

⟨сщ⟩:

• Russian:[ɕː](though this is a predictable effect ofassimilation,and therefore not a true digraph)

Т

⟨тв⟩:

• Archi:[tʷʰ]
• Lezgian:[tʷ]or[tʷʰ]

⟨тл⟩:

• Abaza:[ɬ]

⟨тт⟩:

• Aghul:[tː]
• Archi:[tː]
• Chechen:[tː]
• Tabasaran:[tː]

⟨тч⟩:

• Russian:[t͡ɕ](though this is a predictable effect ofassimilation,and therefore not a true digraph)

⟨тш⟩:

• Abaza:[t͡ʃ]
• Komi:[t͡ʃ]

⟨тъ⟩:

• Ossetian:[tʼ]

⟨тә⟩:

• Abkhaz:[tʼʷ]

⟨тӏ⟩:

• Abaza:[tʼ]
• Adyghe:[tʼ]
• Aghul:[tʼ]
• Archi:[t’]
• Avar:[tʼ]
• Chechen:[tʼ]
• Dargwa:[tʼ]
• Ingush[tʼ]
• Kabardian:[tʼ]
• Lezgian:[tʼ]
• Tabasaran:[tʼ]

⟨тӏв⟩:

• Lezgian:[tʷʼ]

⟨тӏу⟩:

• Adyghe:[tʷʼ]

⟨тʼ⟩:

• Itelmen:[tʼ]
• Nivkh:[tʰ]

Ҭ

⟨ҭә⟩:

• Abkhaz:[tʷʰ]

У

⟨ув⟩:

• Chechen:[uː]
• Ingush:[uw]

⟨уо⟩:

• Shughni:[ɵ]

⟨уу⟩:

• Archi:[uː]
• Shughni:[uː]

⟨ууӏ⟩:

• Archi:[uːˤ]

⟨уь⟩:

• Aghul:[y]
• Chechen:[y]
• Kumyk:[y]
• Lezgian:[y]
• Nogai:[y]
• Tabasaran:[y]

⟨уьй⟩:

• Chechen:[yː]

⟨уӏ⟩:

• Archi:[uˤ]

Ү

⟨үй⟩:

• Turkmen:(until 1993, in that year theTurkmen Alpha betbecameLatin)[yː]

Ф

⟨фф⟩:

• Aghul:[fː]

⟨фӏ⟩:

• Abaza:[fʼ]
• Kabardian:[fʼ]

Х

⟨хв⟩:

• Abaza:[χʷ]
• Archi:[χʷ]
• Lezgian:[χʷ]
• Khanty:[χʷ]or[xv]

⟨ху⟩:

• Kabardian:[xʷ]
• Ossetian:[χʷ]

⟨хх⟩:

• Aghul:[q͡χː]
• Archi:[χː]
• Avar:[χː]

⟨ххв⟩:

• Archi:[χːʷ]

⟨ххьӏ⟩:

• Archi:[χːˤ]

⟨ххьӏв⟩:

• Archi:[χːˤʷ]

⟨хъ⟩:

• Abaza:[q]
• Adyghe:[χ]
• Aghul:[qʰ]
• Archi:[qʰ]
• Avar:[q͡χː]
• Dargwa:[q]
• Kabardian:[χ]
• Lezgian:[qʰ]
• Ossetian:[q]
• Tabasaran:[qʰ]

⟨хъв⟩:

• Abaza:[qʷ]
• Archi:[qʷʰ]
• Lezgian:[qʷʰ]

⟨хъу⟩:

• Adyghe:[χʷ]
• Kabardian:[χʷ]
• Ossetian:[qʷ]

⟨хъӏ⟩:

• Archi:[qˤʰ]

⟨хъӏв⟩:

• Archi:[qˤʷʰ]

⟨хь⟩:

• Abaza:[χʲ]
• Abkhaz:[χʲ]
• Adyghe:[ħ]
• Aghul:[x]
• Avar:[x]
• Chechen:[ʜ]
• Dargwa:[ç]
• Ingush:[ʜ]
• Kabardian:[ħ]
• Lezgian:[x]
• Tabasaran:[x]

⟨хьв⟩:

• Lezgian:[xʷ]

⟨хьхь⟩:

• Aghul:[xː]
• Avar:[xː]

⟨хьӏ⟩:

• Archi:[χˤ]

⟨хьӏв⟩:

• Archi:[χˤʷ]

⟨хә⟩:

• Abkhaz:[χʷ]

⟨хӏ⟩:

• Abaza:[ħ]
• Aghul:[ħ]
• Archi:[ʜ]
• Avar:[ʜ]
• Chechen:[h]
• Dargwa:[ʁ]
• Ingush[h]

⟨хӏв⟩:

• Abaza:[ħʷ]

Ҳ

⟨ҳә⟩:

• Abkhaz:[ħʷ]

Ц

⟨цв⟩:

• Archi:[t͡sʷ]
• Lezgian:[t͡sʷ]or[t͡sʷʰ]

⟨цз⟩:

• In thecyrillization of Chineseit is used for[t͡s]and[t͡ɕ],equivalent topinyin⟨z⟩and, before an iotated vowel,⟨j⟩.

⟨цу⟩:

• Adyghe:[t͡sʷ]

⟨цц⟩:

• Aghul:[t͡sːʰ]
• Avar:[t͡sː]
• Tabasaran:[tsːʰ]

⟨ццӏ⟩:

• Archi:[t͡sːʼ]

⟨цъ⟩:

• Ossetian:[t͡sʼ]

⟨цә⟩:

• Abkhaz:[t͡ɕʷ]

⟨цӏ⟩:

• Abaza:[t͡sʼ]
• Aghul:[t͡sʼ]
• Archi:[t͡sʼ]
• Avar:[t͡sʼ]
• Chechen:[t͡sʼ]
• Dargwa:[t͡sʼ]
• Ingush[t͡sʼ]
• Kabardian:[t͡sʼ]
• Lezgian:[t͡sʼ]
• Tabasaran:[t͡sʼ]

⟨цӏв⟩:

• Lezgian:[t͡sʷʼ]

⟨цӏцӏ⟩:

• Avar:[t͡sːʼ]

Ҵ

⟨ҵә⟩:

• Abkhaz:[t͡ɕʷʼ]

Ч

⟨чв⟩:

• Abaza:[t͡ʃʷ]
• Archi:[t͡ʃʷ]
• Tabasaran:[t͡ʃʷʰ]

⟨чж⟩:

• In thecyrillization of Chineseit is used for[t͡ʂ],equivalent topinyin⟨zh⟩.

⟨чч⟩:

• Aghul:[t͡ʃːʰ]
• Avar:[t͡ʃː]
• Tabasaran:[tʃːʰ]

⟨чъ⟩:

• Adyghe:[t͡ʂ]
• Ossetian:[t͡ʃʼ]

⟨чӏ⟩:

• Abaza:[t͡ɕʼ]
• Adyghe:[t͡ʂʼ]
• Aghul:[t͡ʃʼ]
• Archi:[t͡ʃʼ]
• Avar:[t͡ʃʼ]
• Chechen:[t͡ʃʼ]
• Dargwa:[t͡ʃʼ]
• Ingush[t͡ʃʼ]
• Lezgian:[t͡ʃʼ]
• Tabasaran:[tʃʼ]

⟨чӏв⟩:

• Abaza:[t͡ʃʷʼ]
• Archi:[t͡ʃʷʼ]

⟨чӏчӏ⟩:

• Avar:[t͡ʃːʼ]

⟨чʼ⟩:

• Itelmen:[t͡ʃʼ]

Џ

⟨џь⟩:

• Abkhaz:[d͡ʒ]

Ш

⟨шв⟩:

• Abaza:[ʃʷ]
• Archi:[ʃʷ]
• Tabasaran:[ʃʷ]

⟨шч⟩:

• Russian:[ɕː](though this is a predictable effect ofassimilation,and therefore not a true digraph)

⟨шъ⟩:

• Adyghe:[ʂ]

⟨шъу⟩:

• Adyghe:[ʃʷ]

⟨шь⟩:

• Abkhaz:[ʃ]

⟨шә⟩:

• Abkhaz:[ʃʷ]

⟨шӏ⟩:

• Abaza:[t͡ʃʼ]
• Adyghe:[ʃʼ]

⟨шӏу⟩:

• Adyghe:[ʃʷʼ]

Щ

⟨щв⟩:

• Archi:[ʃːʷ]

⟨щӏ⟩:

• Kabardian:[ɕʼ]

Ы

⟨ыӏ⟩:

• Tsakhur:[ɨˤ]

Э

⟨эй⟩:

• Shughni:[ɛj]

⟨эр⟩:

• Dungan:[aɻ]

⟨ээ⟩:

• Archi:[eː]
• Shughni:[eː]

⟨ээӏ⟩:

• Archi:[eːˤ]

⟨эӏ⟩:

• Archi:[eˤ]

Ю

⟨юй⟩:

• In thecyrillization of Chineseit is used for[y],equivalent topinyin⟨yu⟩.

⟨юь⟩:

• Chechen:[jy]

Я

⟨ян⟩:

• Dungan:[jæ̃]

⟨яь⟩:

• Chechen:[jæ]
• Ingush[jæ]

ӏ

⟨ӏу⟩:

• Adyghe:[ʔʷ]
• Kabardian:[ʔʷ]

⟨ӏь⟩:

• Budukh:[ʔ̰]
• Kabardian(dialectal):[h]

See also

• List of Cyrillic letters
• Tetragraph
• Pentagraph