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.NET

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the earlier framework, see.NET Framework.For the top-level domain, see.net.For other uses, see.net (disambiguation).

.NET
Developer(s).NET Foundationand the open-source community
Initial releaseJune 27, 2016;8 years ago(2016-06-27)
Stable release
8.0.10[1]Edit this on Wikidata / 8 October 2024;5 days ago(8 October 2024)
Preview release
9.0.0-rc.2[2]Edit this on Wikidata / 8 October 2024;5 days ago(8 October 2024)
Repository
Written inC++,C#
Operating systemcross-platform:Windows,Linux,macOS,Android,iOS
PlatformIA-32,x86-64,ARM
Predecessor.NET Framework
TypeSoftware framework
LicenseMIT[3]
Websitedotnet.microsoft

The.NETplatform (pronounced as "dot net ") is afree and open-source,managedcomputersoftware frameworkforWindows,Linux,andmacOSoperating systems.[4]The project is mainly developed byMicrosoftemployees by way of the.NET Foundationand is released under anMIT License.[3]

History

[edit]
See also:C Sharp (programming language) § History,and.NET Framework § History

In the late 1990s, Microsoft began developing amanaged coderuntime and programming language (C#) which it billed together as part of the ".NET platform", with the core runtime andsoftware librariescomprising the.NET Framework.

At the heart of the.NET Platform is the.NET Framework, a high-productivity, multilanguage development and execution environment for building and running Web services with important features such as cross-language inheritance and debugging.[5]

Soon after the announcement of the C# language at theProfessional Developers Conferencein 2000 and previews of its software became available, Microsoft began a standardization effort throughECMAfor what it dubbed theCommon Language Infrastructure.The company continued development and support of its own implementation asproprietary, closed source softwarein the meantime.

On November 12, 2014,Microsoft introduced.NET Core—an open-source,cross-platform[6]successor[7]to.NET Framework—and releasedsource codefor the.NET CoreCoreCLRimplementation, source for the "entire [...] library stack" for.NET Core,[8]and announced the adoption of a conventional ("bazaar" -like)open-source development modelunder the stewardship of the.NET Foundation.Miguel de Icazadescribes.NET Core as a "redesigned version of.NET that is based on the simplified version of the class libraries",[9]and Microsoft's Immo Landwerth explained that.NET Core would be "the foundation of all future.NET platforms". At the time of the announcement, the initial release of the.NET Core project had been seeded with a subset of the libraries' source code and coincided with the relicensing of Microsoft's existing.NET reference source away from the restrictions of theMs-RSL.Landwerth acknowledged the disadvantages of the formerly selected shared license, explaining that it madecodename Rotor"a non-starter" as a community-developed open source project because it did not meet the criteria of anOpen Source Initiative(OSI) approved license.[10][11][12]

.NET Core 1.0 was released on June 27, 2016,[13]along withMicrosoft Visual Studio2015 Update 3, which enables.NET Core development.[14].NET Core 1.0.4 and.NET Core 1.1.1 were released along with.NET Core Tools 1.0 and Visual Studio 2017 on March 7, 2017.[15]

.NET Core 2.0 was released on August 14, 2017, along with Visual Studio 2017 15.3, ASP.NET Core 2.0, andEntity FrameworkCore 2.0.[16].NET Core 2.1 was released on May 30, 2018.[17]NET Core 2.2 was released on December 4, 2018.[18]

.NET Core 3 was released on September 23, 2019.[19]NET Core 3 adds support for Windows desktop application development[20]and significant performance improvements throughout the base library.

In November 2020, Microsoft released.NET 5.0.[21]The "Core" branding was abandoned and version 4.0 was skipped to avoid conflation with.NET Framework, of which the latest releases had all used 4.xversioningfor all significant (non-bugfix) releases since 2010.

It addresses the patent concerns related to the.NET Framework[citation needed].

In November 2021, Microsoft released.NET 6.0,[22]in November 2022 released.NET 7.0,[23]and in November 2023 released.NET 8.0.[24]

Version Release date Released with Latest update Latest update date Support ends[25] Support Lifetime
Old version, no longer maintained:.NET Core 1.0 June 27, 2016[26] Visual Studio 2015Update 3 1.0.16 May 14, 2019 June 27, 2019 3 years
Old version, no longer maintained:.NET Core 1.1 November 16, 2016[27] Visual Studio 2017Version 15.0 1.1.13 May 14, 2019 June 27, 2019 2.5 years
Old version, no longer maintained:.NET Core 2.0 August 14, 2017[16] Visual Studio 2017 Version 15.3 2.0.9 July 10, 2018 October 1, 2018 1.25 years
Old version, no longer maintained:.NET Core 2.1 May 30, 2018[17] Visual Studio 2017 Version 15.7 2.1.30 (LTS) August 19, 2021 August 21, 2021 3.25 years
Old version, no longer maintained:.NET Core 2.2 December 4, 2018[18] Visual Studio 2019Version 16.0 2.2.8 November 19, 2019 December 23, 2019 0.9 years
Old version, no longer maintained:.NET Core 3.0 September 23, 2019[28] Visual Studio 2019 Version 16.3 3.0.3 February 18, 2020 March 3, 2020 0.5 years
Old version, no longer maintained:.NET Core 3.1 December 3, 2019[29] Visual Studio 2019 Version 16.4 3.1.32 (LTS) December 13, 2022 December 13, 2022 3 years
Old version, no longer maintained:.NET 5 November 10, 2020[30] Visual Studio 2019 Version 16.8 5.0.17 May 10, 2022 May 10, 2022 1.5 years
Old version, yet still maintained:.NET 6 November 8, 2021[22] Visual Studio 2022Version 17.0 6.0.35 (LTS) October 8, 2024 November 12, 2024 3 years
Old version, no longer maintained:.NET 7 November 8, 2022[23] Visual Studio 2022 Version 17.4 7.0.19 May 14, 2024 May 14, 2024 1.5 years
Current stable version:.NET 8 November 14, 2023[24] Visual Studio 2022 Version 17.8 8.0.10 (LTS) October 8, 2024 November 10, 2026 3 years
Latest preview version of a future release:.NET 9 November 2024(projected) 9.0.0-rc.2 October 8, 2024 May 2026(projected) 1.5 years (projected)
Future release:.NET 10 November 2025(projected) (will beLTS) November 2028(projected) 3 years (projected)
Legend:
Old version, not maintained
Old version, still maintained
Latest version
Latest preview version
Future release

Alpine Linux,which primarily supports and usesmusllibc,[31]is supported since.NET Core 2.1.[32]

WindowsArm64is natively supported since.NET 5. Previously,.NET on ARM meant applications compiled for the x86 architecture and run through the ARM emulation layer.[30]

Language support

[edit]
.NET uses theCommon Language Infrastructure(CLI).

.NET fully supportsC#andF#(andC++/CLIas of 3.1; only enabled on Windows) and supportsVisual Basic.NET(for version 15.5 in.NET Core 5.0.100-preview.4, and some old versions supported in old.NET Core).[33]

VB.NET compiles and runs on.NET, but as of.NET Core 3.1, the separate Visual Basic Runtime is not implemented. Microsoft initially announced that.NET Core 3 would include the Visual Basic Runtime, but after two years the timeline for such support was updated to.NET 5.[34][35]

Architecture

[edit]
Main article:Common Language Infrastructure

.NET supports the followingcross-platformscenarios:ASP.NET Coreweb apps,command-line/console apps, libraries andUniversal Windows Platform apps.Prior to.NET Core 3.0, it did not implementWindows FormsorWindows Presentation Foundation(WPF), which render the standardGUIfor desktop software on Windows.[36]However, from.NET Core 3 on, it started implementing them along withUniversal Windows Platform(UWP).[37]It is also possible to write cross-platform graphical applications using.NET with theGTK#language-binding for theGTKwidget toolkit.

.NET supports use ofNuGetpackages. Unlike.NET Framework,which is serviced usingWindows Update,.NET used to rely on itspackage managerto receive updates.[36]Since December 2020, however,.NET updates started being delivered via Windows Update as well.[38]

The two main components of.NET are CoreCLR and CoreFX, which are comparable to theCommon Language Runtime(CLR) and theFramework Class Library(FCL) of the.NET Framework'sCommon Language Infrastructure(CLI) implementation.[39]

As an implementation of CLI'sVirtual Execution System(VES), CoreCLR is a completeruntimeandvirtual machineformanagedexecutionof CLI programs and includes ajust-in-time compilercalled RyuJIT.[40][a].NET Core also contains CoreRT, the.NET Native runtime optimized to be integrated intoAOTcompiled nativebinaries.[42]

As an implementation of CLI'sStandard Libraries,[43]CoreFX shares a subset of.NET Framework APIs, however, it also comes with its own APIs that are not part of the.NET Framework.[36]A variant of the.NETlibraryis used forUWP.[44]

The.NETcommand-line interfaceoffers an execution entry point foroperating systemsand provides developer services like compilation and package management.[45]

UML package diagram of the stream hierarchy in.NET

.NET MAUI

[edit]

.NET Multi-platform App UI(.NET MAUI,introduced with.NET 6) is a cross-platform framework for creating native mobile and desktop apps withC#andExtensible Application Markup Language(XAML),[46]which also supportsAndroidandiOS.

Mascot

[edit]
dotnet bot, the community mascot for.NET

The official community mascot of.NET is the.NET Bot (stylized as "dotnet bot" or "dotnet-bot" ). The dotnet bot served as the placeholder developer for the initial check-in of the.NET source code when it was open-sourced.[47]It has since been used as the official mascot.

Notes

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  1. ^The prefix "Ryu" is the Japanese word for "dragon" (Long,ryū), and is a reference to the bookCompilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools(commonly known as the dragon book, from an early cover design), as well as to a character from the video gameStreet Fighter.[41]

References

[edit]
  1. ^https://dotnet.microsoft /en-us/download/dotnet/8.0.RetrievedOctober 8,2024.{{cite web}}:Missing or empty|title=(help)
  2. ^https://dotnet.microsoft /en-us/download/dotnet/9.0.RetrievedOctober 8,2024.{{cite web}}:Missing or empty|title=(help)
  3. ^ab"core/LICENSE.TXT".GitHub.RetrievedJune 4,2018.
  4. ^"Download.NET Core".microsoft.Microsoft.RetrievedOctober 31,2017.
  5. ^"Microsoft Delivers First.NET Platform Developer Tools for Building Web Services".July 11, 2000.RetrievedNovember 5,2023.
  6. ^".NET Core is the Future of.NET".May 6, 2019.
  7. ^".NET Framework is dead – long live.NET 5".May 7, 2019.
  8. ^"Why a.NET Development Company Could Be the Perfect Boost | Pangea.ai".pangea.ai.RetrievedDecember 8,2022.
  9. ^de Icaza, Miguel."Microsoft Open Sources.NET and Mono".Personal blog of Miguel de Icaza.RetrievedNovember 16,2014.
  10. ^Landwerth, Immo (November 12, 2014).".NET Core is Open Source"..NET Framework Blog.Microsoft.RetrievedDecember 30,2014.
  11. ^"dotnet/corefx".GitHub.RetrievedNovember 16,2014.
  12. ^"Microsoft/referencesource".GitHub.RetrievedNovember 16,2014.
  13. ^Bright, Peter (June 27, 2016).".NET Core 1.0 released, now officially supported by Red Hat".Ars Technica.Condé Nast.
  14. ^Foley, Mary Jo (June 27, 2016)."Microsoft showcases SQL Server,.NET Core on Red Hat Enterprise Linux deliverables".ZDNet.CBS Interactive.
  15. ^"Announcing.NET Core Tools 1.0 |.NET Blog".Blogs.msdn.microsoft. March 7, 2017.RetrievedJanuary 18,2020.
  16. ^ab"Announcing.NET Core 2.0"..NET Blog.Microsoft. August 14, 2017.
  17. ^ab"Announcing.NET Core 2.1"..NET Blog.Microsoft. May 30, 2018.
  18. ^ab"Announcing.NET Core 2.2"..NET Blog.Microsoft. December 4, 2018.
  19. ^".NET Core is the Future of.NET"..NET Blog.May 6, 2019.RetrievedMay 17,2019.
  20. ^"What's new in.NET Core 3.0"..NET documentation.RetrievedDecember 30,2020.
  21. ^"Announcing.NET 5.0"..NET Blog.November 10, 2020.RetrievedNovember 21,2020.
  22. ^abLander, Richard (November 8, 2021)."Announcing.NET 6 – The Fastest.NET Yet"..NET Blog.RetrievedMay 6,2022.
  23. ^abDouglas, Jon (November 8, 2022).".NET 7 is Available Today"..NET Blog.RetrievedJanuary 13,2024.
  24. ^abSeth, Gaurav (November 14, 2023)."Announcing.NET 8"..NET Blog.RetrievedJanuary 13,2024.
  25. ^".NET Core official support policy"..NET.Microsoft.
  26. ^"Announcing.NET Core 1.0"..NET Blog.Microsoft. June 27, 2016.
  27. ^"Announcing.NET Core 1.1"..NET Blog.Microsoft. November 16, 2016.
  28. ^"Announcing.NET Core 3.0"..NET Blog.Microsoft. September 23, 2019.
  29. ^"Announcing.NET Core 3.1"..NET Blog.Microsoft. December 3, 2019.
  30. ^ab"Announcing.NET 5.0"..NET Blog.Microsoft. November 10, 2020.
  31. ^"Alpine 3.10.0 released | Alpine Linux".alpinelinux.org.RetrievedJune 9,2020.
  32. ^"dotnet/core".GitHub.RetrievedJune 9,2020.
  33. ^".NET framework supports different programming languages".RetrievedApril 21,2022.
  34. ^"Visual Basic in.NET Core 3.0 | Visual Basic Blog".Blogs.msdn.microsoft. October 12, 2019.RetrievedJanuary 18,2020.
  35. ^"Visual Basic support planned for.NET 5.0 | Visual Basic Blog".Blogs.msdn.microsoft. March 11, 2020.RetrievedAugust 26,2020.
  36. ^abcCarter, Phillip; Knezevic, Zlatko (April 2016).".NET Core –.NET Goes Cross-Platform with.NET Core".MSDN Magazine.Microsoft.
  37. ^Lander, Rich (May 7, 2018).".NET Core 3 and Support for Windows Desktop Applications".MSDN.Microsoft.
  38. ^".NET Core 2.1, 3.1, and.NET 5.0 updates are coming to Microsoft Update"..NET Blog.December 3, 2020.RetrievedDecember 15,2020.
  39. ^"Understanding.NET Framework,.NET Core,.NET Standard And Future.NET".c-sharpcorner.RetrievedFebruary 1,2021.
  40. ^Landwerth, Immo (February 3, 2015)."CoreCLR is now Open Source"..NET Framework Blog.Microsoft.RetrievedFebruary 27,2015.
  41. ^"Why RyuJIT? How was the name chosen?".nuWave eSolutions Development Team Blog.November 25, 2014.RetrievedJune 21,2016.
  42. ^Ramel, David (August 31, 2020)."Microsoft Survey: Developers Held Back by Lack of 'Native AOT' in.NET Core -".Visual Studio Magazine.Archivedfrom the original on October 22, 2020.RetrievedFebruary 1,2021.
  43. ^Landwerth, Immo (December 4, 2014)."Introducing.NET Core"..NET Framework Blog.Microsoft.RetrievedFebruary 27,2015.
  44. ^"Intro to.NET Native and CoreRT".GitHub.April 23, 2016.
  45. ^"Intro to CLI".GitHub.April 23, 2016.
  46. ^"What is.NET MAUI? -.NET MAUI".learn.microsoft.RetrievedNovember 8,2022.
  47. ^Wang, Abel (September 9, 2020).What is the dotnet bot?(Podcast). Microsoft. Event occurs at 4 seconds in.RetrievedMarch 9,2021.

Further reading

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  • Arif, Hammad; Qureshi, Habib (2020).Adopting.NET 5: Understand modern architectures, migration best practices, and the new features in.NET 5.Packt Publishing.ISBN978-1800560567.
  • Metzgar, Dustin (2018)..NET Core in Action.Manning Publications.ISBN978-1617294273.
  • Price, Mark J. (2021).C# 10 and.NET 6 – Modern Cross-Platform Development.Packt Publishing.ISBN978-1801077361.
  • Price, Mark J. (2020).C# 9 and.NET 5 – Modern Cross-Platform Development.Packt Publishing.ISBN978-1800568105.
  • Price, Mark J. (2019).C# 8.0 and.NET Core 3.0 – Modern Cross-Platform Development.Packt Publishing.ISBN978-1788478120.
  • Price, Mark J. (2017).C# 7.1 and.NET Core 2.0 – Modern Cross-Platform Development.Packt Publishing.ISBN978-1788398077.
  • Price, Mark J. (2017).C# 7 and.NET Core: Modern Cross-Platform Development.Packt Publishing.ISBN978-1787129559.
  • Price, Mark J. (2016).C# 6 and.NET Core 1.0: Modern Cross-Platform Development.Packt Publishing.ISBN978-1785285691.
  • Zimarev, Alexey (2019).Hands-On Domain-Driven Design with.NET Core.Packt Publishing.ISBN978-1788834094.
[edit]
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of:.NET Development Foundation
Wikiversity has learning resources aboutIntroduction to.NET
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=.NET&oldid=1250306482"