1080
Appearance
Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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1080 by topic |
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Leaders |
Birth and death categories |
Births–Deaths |
Establishments and disestablishments categories |
Establishments–Disestablishments |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Rudolf_von_Schwaben.jpg/300px-Rudolf_von_Schwaben.jpg)
Year1080(MLXXX) was aleap year starting on Wednesday(link will display the full calendar) of theJulian calendar.
Events
[edit]By place
[edit]Byzantine Empire
[edit]- Autumn –Nikephoros Melissenos,a Byzantine general and aristocrat, seizes control of what remains of ByzantineAsia Minor(modernTurkey), and proclaims himself emperor againstNikephoros III.Melissenos makes an alliance with SultanSuleiman ibn Qutulmishand recruits many Turkishmercenariesto his army.[1]
Europe
[edit]- January 27–Battle of Flarchheim:EmperorHenry IVdefeats the forces led by the German anti-kingRudolf of Rheinfelden,duke ofSwabia,near the town ofFlarchheim(modernGermany).
- April 17– KingHarald IIIdies after a 4-year reign and is buried atDalby ChurchinScania(modernSweden). He is succeeded by his brotherCanute IV(the Holy) as ruler ofDenmark.
- October 14–Battle on the Elster:Rudolf of Rheinfelden defeats the imperial forces led by Henry IV at theElster River.Rudolf dies the following day atMerseburgof wounds received.[2]
Britain
[edit]- May 14–Walcher,bishop ofDurham,is killed by rebel Northumbrians. KingWilliam I(the Conqueror) sends a punitive expedition led by his half-brotherOdo of Bayeuxto pacifyNorthumbria.[3]
- Autumn –Robert Curthose,a son of William I, is sent to invadeScotland.He reaches as far asFalkirkand forces KingMalcolm IIIto agree to terms while building fortifications atNewcastle-on-Tyne.
- Osmund,bishop ofSalisbury,buildsDevizes CastleinWiltshire.
Armenia
[edit]- TheRubenid Principality of Ciliciagains independence after its founder,Ruben I,succeeds in establishing his authority in the mountainous regions ofCilicia.
Africa
[edit]China
[edit]- Shen Kuo,Chinesepolymathscientist and statesman, begins his defensive military campaign against theTangutsof theWestern Xia.He successfully defends the invasion route toYanzhou(Shaanxiprovince).
By topic
[edit]Religion
[edit]- June 25–Wibert of Ravennais elected as anti-pope Clement III during the pro-imperialSynod of Brixen.PopeGregory VIIis deposed, signed in a decree by Henry IV.[5]
- KingAlfonso VI(the Brave) ofLeónandCastileestablishesLatinliturgy in theCatholic Church,in place of theHispanic Rite.
- Benno II,bishop ofOsnabrück,founds theBenedictineabby ofIburg Castle(modernGermany).
Births
[edit]- Adelard of Bath,English philosopher (d.1152)
- Adolf III,German count ofBergandHövel(d. 1152)
- Alberic of Ostia,French cardinal-bishop (d.1148)
- Barthélemy de Jur,French bishop (approximate date)
- Cellach of Armagh(orCelsus), Irish archbishop (d.1129)
- Egas Moniz o Aio,Portuguesenobleman(d.1146)
- Eilika of Saxony,German noblewoman (d.1142)
- Ermesinde of Luxembourg,countess ofNamur(d.1143)
- Guarinus of Palestrina,Italian cardinal-bishop (d.1158)
- Harald Kesja(the Spear), king ofDenmark(d.1135)
- Helie of Burgundy,countess ofToulouse(d.1141)
- Henry I,archbishop ofMainz(approximate date)
- Honorius Augustodunensis,French theologian (d.1154)
- Ibn Tumart,Almoravid political leader (approximate date)
- Leo I,prince ofCilician Armenia(approximate date)
- Lhachen Utpala,Indian king ofLadakh(d.1110)
- Magnus Erlendsson,Norse earl ofOrkney(d.1115)
- María Rodríguez,countess ofBarcelona(d.1105)
- Matilda of Scotland,queen ofEngland(d.1118)[6]
- Piotr Włostowic,Polish nobleman (approximate date)
- Reginald I(the One-Eyed), count ofBar(d.1149)
- Richard Fitz Pons,Norman nobleman (d. 1129)
- Robert Pullen,English cardinal (approximate date)
- Rotrou III(the Great), French nobleman (d.1144)
- Theresa,Portuguese queen andregent(d.1130)
- Wanyan Zonghan,Chinese nobleman (d.1136)
- Wulfric of Haselbury,Englishwonderworker(d. 1154)
Deaths
[edit]- January 26–Amadeus II,count ofSavoy(b.1050)
- April 17–Harald III,king ofDenmark(b.1040)
- May 14–Walcher,bishop ofDurham
- July 5–Ísleifur Gissurarson,Icelandic bishop (b.1006)
- October 15–Rudolf of Rheinfelden,duke ofSwabia[2]
- Abraham,bishop ofSt. David's(approximate date)
- Aristakes Lastivertsi,Armenian historian (b.1002)
- Bertha of Blois,duchess ofBrittany(approximate date)
- Haakon Ivarsson,Norwegian jarl (b. 1027)
- Lhachen Gyalpo,Indian king of Ladakh (b. 1050)
- Michael Attaleiates,Byzantine historian and writer
- Muhammad ibn Abbas,ruler of theGhurid Dynasty
References
[edit]- ^Brian Todd Carey (2012).Road to Manzikert: Byzantine and Islamic Warfare (527–1071),p. 158.ISBN978-1-84884-215-1.
- ^abJohn France (1994).Victory in the East (Book extract).ISBN9780521589871.
Godfrey was almost certainly present in support of Henry IV at the battle of Elster in 1080 (sic 1085... an error or typo), when the forces of the anti-king Rudolf triumphed on the field only to see their victory nullified because Rudolf was killed
. - ^Williams, Hywel (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History.London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, pp. 113–114.ISBN0-304-35730-8.
- ^Picard C. (1997).La mer et les musulmans d'Occident au Moyen Age.Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
- ^Herbert Edward John Cowdrey(1998).Pope Gregory VII, 1073–1085,pp. 201–202 (Oxford University Press).
- ^"5 forgotten queens and princesses of Scotland".scotsman.RetrievedMay 4,2022.