1098
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
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| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1098 by topic |
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| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births–Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments–Disestablishments |
| Gregorian calendar | 1098 MXCVIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 1851 |
| Armenian calendar | 547 ԹՎ ՇԽԷ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5848 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1019–1020 |
| Bengali calendar | 505 |
| Berber calendar | 2048 |
| English Regnal year | 11Will. 2– 12Will. 2 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1642 |
| Burmese calendar | 460 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6606–6607 |
| Chinese calendar | Đinh SửuNăm (FireOx) 3795 or 3588 — to — Mậu Dần năm (EarthTiger) 3796 or 3589 |
| Coptic calendar | 814–815 |
| Discordian calendar | 2264 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1090–1091 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4858–4859 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| -Vikram Samvat | 1154–1155 |
| -Shaka Samvat | 1019–1020 |
| -Kali Yuga | 4198–4199 |
| Holocene calendar | 11098 |
| Igbo calendar | 98–99 |
| Iranian calendar | 476–477 |
| Islamic calendar | 491–492 |
| Japanese calendar | Jōtoku2 ( thừa đức ２ năm ) |
| Javanese calendar | 1002–1003 |
| Julian calendar | 1098 MXCVIII |
| Korean calendar | 3431 |
| Minguo calendar | 814 beforeROC Dân trước 814 năm |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −370 |
| Seleucid era | 1409/1410AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 1640–1641 |
| Tibetan calendar | Âm hỏa ngưu năm (female Fire-Ox) 1224 or 843 or 71 — to — Dương thổ hổ năm (male Earth-Tiger) 1225 or 844 or 72 |
Year1098(MXCVIII) was acommon year starting on Friday(link will display the full calendar) of theJulian calendar.
Events
[edit]By place
[edit]First Crusade
[edit]- February 9–Battle of the Lake of Antioch:The Crusaders underBohemond Idefeat a Seljuk relief force (some 12,000 men) led by SultanFakhr al-Mulk RadwanofAleppo.Bohemond gathers 700 knights, and marches in the night to ambush the Seljuk Turks at theLake of Antioch(modernTurkey). After several successful cavalry charges the Crusaders rout the Seljuk army, forcing Radwan to retreat back to Aleppo.[1]
- March 10–Baldwin of BoulogneentersEdessa,and is welcomed as liberator by the Armenian clergy. The local population massacres the Seljuk garrison and officials – or forces them to flee. Baldwin is acknowledged as their ruler (ordoux). He assumes the title of count and establishes the firstcrusader state.Baldwin marriesArda of Armenia,daughter of LordThoros of Marash,and consolidates his conquered territory.[2]
- June 3–Siege of Antioch:The Crusaders under Bohemond I captureAntiochafter a 8-month siege. He established secret contact withFirouz,an Armenian guard who controlled the "Tower of the Two Sisters". He opened the gates and Bohemond entered the city. Thousands of Christians are massacred along with Muslims. Bohemond is named Prince of Antioch (under protest) and creates thePrincipality of Antioch.[3]
- June 5–Battle of Antioch:EmirKerbogha,ruler (atabeg) ofMosul,arrives at Antioch with a Seljuk army (35,000 men) to relieve the city. He lays siege to the Crusaders who have just captured the city themselves (although they do not have full control of it). A Byzantine relief force led by EmperorAlexios I Komnenosturns back after CountStephen of Bloisconvinces them that the situation in Antioch is hopeless.[4]
- June 28– Following theHoly Lancediscovery byPeter Bartholomewin Antioch, the Crusaders under Bohemond I (leaving only 200 men) sortie from the city and defeat the Seljuk army. Kerbogha is forced to withdraw to Mosul, the garrison in the citadel surrenders to Bohemond personally (who raises hisbannerabove the city) and the Crusaders occupy Antioch. The Crusade is delayed for the rest of the year.[5]
- July 14– Donation of Altavilla: Bohemond I grants commercial privileges and the right to use warehouses (fondaco) to theRepublic of Genoa.This marks the beginning of Italian merchant settlements in theLevant.[6]
- August 1–Adhemar of Le Puy(or Aimar), French bishop and nominal leader of theFirst Crusade,dies during anepidemic(probablytyphus). With this,Rome's direct control over the Crusade effectively ends.
- August – Fatimid forces under CaliphAl-Musta'lirecaptureJerusalemand occupyPalestine.The Crusaders threaten the borders of theFatimid Caliphatewhich already has lost theEmirate of Sicily(see1091).
- December 12–Siege of Ma'arra:The Crusaders capture the city ofMa'arraafter a month's siege and massacre part of the population. Short of supplies, the army is accused of widespreadcannibalism.
Britain
[edit]- June or July –Battle of Anglesey Sound:A Norwegian fleet led by KingMagnus Barefootreverses an Anglo-Norman invasion ofNorth Wales.[7]Magnus conquers theOrkney Islands,theHebridesand theIsle of Man.
- KingEdgarofScotlandsigns a treaty with Magnus III in which he agrees that the northern territories including the Hebrides belong toNorway.AtDunfermline Abbey,Edgar seeks support fromAnselm of Canterbury.
By topic
[edit]Religion
[edit]- March 21–Cîteaux Abbey,located inSaint-Nicolas-lès-Cîteaux,is founded byRobert of Molesme,founder of theCistercian Order.
- October – TheCouncil of Baripresided by PopeUrban IIdiscusses relations between theWesternand theEastern Church.[8]
Births
[edit]- Amadeus I,Swissnobleman(House of Geneva) (d.1178)
- Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani,Persian philosopher and poet (d.1131)
- Hedwig of Gudensberg,German countess andregent(d.1148)
- Hildegard of Bingen,GermanBenedictineabbess(d.1179)
- John of the Grating,French bishop and saint (d.1163)
- Pons,French nobleman (House of Toulouse) (d.1137)
- Simon II de Senlis, Earl of Huntingdon-Northampton,Anglo-Norman nobleman (d.1153)
- Wibald,Germanabbotand councillor (d.1158)
Deaths
[edit]- January 3–Walkelin,Norman bishop ofWinchester
- February 22–Hugh de Grandmesnil,Normansheriff(b.1032)
- July 31–Hugh of Montgomery,2ndEarl of Shrewsbury
- August 1–Adhemar of Le Puy,French bishop (b.1045)
- Alan the Black,Norman nobleman and lord ofRichmond
- Baldwin II,count ofHainaut(House of Flanders) (b.1056)
- Ephraim of the Caves,Kievan bishop ofPereiaslav
- Raymond IV(Raimundus), count ofPallars Jussà
- Robert de Say(Fitz-Picot), Norman nobleman
- Vinayaditya,Indian king of theHoysala Empire
- Walo II of Chaumont-en-Vexin(or Galon II de Beaumont), viscount and constable of France (b.1060)
- Yaghi Siyan,Seljuk governor ofAntioch(b.1011)
References
[edit]- ^Abels, Richard Philip; Bernard S. Bachrach (2001).The Normans and their adversaries at war.Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer. p. 92.ISBN0-85115-847-1.
- ^Tyerman, Christopher(2006).God's War: A New History of the Crusades,p. 134. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.ISBN978-0-674-02387-1.
- ^Rickard, J."Antioch, crusader siege of, 21 October 1097-3 June 1098".RetrievedJanuary 4,2012.
- ^Andrew Roberts (2011).Great Commanders of the Medieval World (454–1582),p. 121.ISBN978-0-85738-589-5.
- ^Rickard, J."Battle of the Orontes, 28 June 1098 (First Crusade)".RetrievedJanuary 4,2012.
- ^Benvenuti, Gino (1985).Le Repubbliche Marinare. Amalfi, Pisa, Genova e Venezia.Rome: Newton & Compton Editori. p. 34.ISBN88-8289-529-7.
- ^Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992).The Chronology of British History.London: Century Ltd. pp. 56–58.ISBN0-7126-5616-2.
- ^Siecienski, Anthony Edward (2010).The Filioque: History of a Doctrinal Controversy.Oxford University Press. pp. 117–118.ISBN9780195372045.