1148

1148 in variouscalendars
Gregorian calendar	1148; MCXLVIII
Ab urbe condita	1901
Armenian calendar	597; ԹՎ ՇՂԷ
Assyrian calendar	5898
Balinese saka calendar	1069–1070
Bengali calendar	555
Berber calendar	2098
English Regnal year	13Ste. 1– 14Ste. 1
Buddhist calendar	1692
Burmese calendar	510
Byzantine calendar	6656–6657
Chinese calendar	Đinh MãoNăm (FireRabbit); 3845 or 3638; — to —; Mậu Thìn năm (EarthDragon); 3846 or 3639
Coptic calendar	864–865
Discordian calendar	2314
Ethiopian calendar	1140–1141
Hebrew calendar	4908–4909
Hindu calendars
-Vikram Samvat	1204–1205
-Shaka Samvat	1069–1070
-Kali Yuga	4248–4249
Holocene calendar	11148
Igbo calendar	148–149
Iranian calendar	526–527
Islamic calendar	542–543
Japanese calendar	Kyūan4; ( lâu an ４ năm )
Javanese calendar	1054–1055
Julian calendar	1148; MCXLVIII
Korean calendar	3481
Minguo calendar	764 beforeROC; Dân trước 764 năm
Nanakshahi calendar	−320
Seleucid era	1459/1460AG
Thai solar calendar	1690–1691
Tibetan calendar	Âm hỏa thỏ năm; (female Fire-Rabbit); 1274 or 893 or 121; — to —; Dương thổ long năm; (male Earth-Dragon); 1275 or 894 or 122

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	11th century; 12th century; 13th century;
Decades:	1120s; 1130s; 1140s; 1150s; 1160s;
Years:	1145; 1146; 1147; 1148; 1149; 1150; 1151;

Raymond of Poitierswelcoming KingLouis VII of France(right) inAntioch.

Year1148(MCXLVIII) was aleap year starting on Thursday(link will display the full calendar) of theJulian calendar.

Events

By place

Second Crusade

January 1– The French crusaders under KingLouis VIIdefeat a Turkish ambush next to theMeander River.Three days later they arrive atLaodicea– passing the spot where the German contingent led byOtto of Freisinghas been so disastrously ambushed (see1147). The Crusaders are badly mauled as they crossMount Cadmus(aroundJanuary 8) before reachingAdaliaonJanuary 20.^[1]
January 8–Battle of Mount Cadmus:The French crusaders under Louis VII are defeated by theSeljuk Turks.The vanguard led byGeoffrey de Ranconignores orders to pause and moves too far ahead, losing touch with the main army. The French are attacked by the Turks with thebaggage train(almost 10 km long) unprotected. Louis is able to escape the fray under cover of the darkness.^[2]
March– The French crusaders are left in Adalia; lack of available shipping obliges Louis VII to divide his forces – the knights and best troops accompany him toSt. Symeon.Large numbers of pilgrims and non-combatants try to continue along the coastal road. Continually harassed by the Turks many French and Germans are killed. Less than half of them arrive in the late spring atAntioch.^[3]
March 7– KingConrad IIIrecovers from his wounds and leavesConstantinoplewith his household. He is well supplied with money by EmperorManuel I Komnenosand uses these funds to recruit pilgrims to augment the forces that remain to him. Conrad and his re-equipped Crusaders sail with a Byzantine fleet toPalestine.The fleet is scattered by storms and lands in different ports.^[4]
March 19– Louis VII and his wife, QueenEleanor of Aquitaine,are welcomed at St. Symeon by Eleanor's uncleRaymond of Poitiersand all his household. Raymond escorts the French crusaders to Antioch, where for the next days festivities are held. He urges Louis to accompany him on a expedition againstAleppobut Louis refuses and prefers instead to finish hispilgrimagetoJerusalem.^[5]
April – Southern French crusaders underAlfonso Jordanof Toulouse arrive by sea atAcre.Alfonso dies suddenly atCaesarea,resulting in the accusation that he has been poisoned byRaymond II, Count of Tripoli.Most of the Provençal forces turn back and return home. Meanwhile, an unknown proportion of northern European naval crusaders (fromEnglandandGermany) arrive at Acre.^[6]
April–May – Louis VII and the French crusaders remain in Antioch, but there are rumours of an incestuous affair between Eleanor of Aquitaine and Raymond of Poitiers. Louis, alarmed for his honour, departs with his army to Jerusalem in late May. Meanwhile, Conrad III with his chief nobleman are welcomed by QueenMelisendeand her 18-year-old son, co-rulerBaldwin IIIat Jerusalem.^[7]
June –Mu'in ad-Din Unur,Seljuk ruler (atabeg) ofDamascus,prepares for war and strengthens the fortifications of the city. He sends an urgent request for military assistance to the Zangid rulerSayf al-Din.Unur orders his troops to destroy the water sources in areas that the Crusaders must cross. Seljuk governors of frontier provinces station scouting parties along the road to Damascus.^[8]
June 24–Council of Acre:Conrad III, Louis VII, Melisende and many other nobles join in a war council near Acre. They decide that Damascus rather thanEdessawill be the primary target of theSecond Crusade.^[9]
July – The Crusaders under Baldwin III join forces with the Crusader armies of Louis VII and Conrad III (all together some 50,000 men) atTiberias.They march up theJordan Valleyand cross into Zangid territory.^[10]
July 24– Zangid forces under Sayf al-Din arrive atHoms.Mu'in al-Din Unur sends a letter of ultimatum to the Crusader leaders to lift the siege of Damascus. Meanwhile,guerrillaattacks demoralise the Crusaders.^[11]
July 28–Siege of Damascus:The Crusaders are forced to withdraw from their siege of Damascus after only four days. First Conrad III, then the rest of the Crusader army, decides to retreat to Jerusalem.^[12]
September – The French crusaders raid the province of Damascus, in reprisal for the failure of their siege. Mu'in al-Din Unur takes his forces to theHawranto protect the harvest and its transport to Damascus.^[13]
September 8– Conrad III sails from Acre toThessalonikiand forms an alliance with Manuel I against KingRoger II of Sicily.During his visitHenry II, Duke of Austria('Jasomirgott') marries Manuel's niece,Theodora Komnene.^[14]

Europe

February 1– A small Crusader fleet of Genoese and English ships sets sail fromLisbonfor theHoly Land.^[15]The Anglo-Flemish Crusader fleet takesOran.^[16]
Siege of Tortosa:A multinational force underRamon Berenguer IVbesieges the Almoravid city ofTortosa.After a 7-month siege the garrison surrenders.^[17]
KingAfonso I( "the Great" ) ofPortugaltakesAbrantesfrom theAlmoravids.Ramon Berenguer IV conquers the lowerEbroplain (between 1148–1149).^[15]

England

October – QueenMatildareturns toNormandy,partially due to her difficulties with theCatholic Church.Without the support ofRobert of Gloucesterher personal fight for the English throne is over.^[18]

Seljuk Empire

Battle of Ghazni:Ghurid forces underSayf al-Din Suridefeat theGhaznavidsultanBahram-Shahand capture the capitalGhazni.Bahram-Shah is forced to flee toIndia.^[19]

Africa

Taking advantage of internal strife and a famine episode,George of AntiochtakesMahdia(June 22),Susa(July 1) andSfax(July 12) inTunisia,in the name of Roger II.^[20]
Following the uprising of other cities in the region ofMeknes(modernMorocco) under al-Massati, the population ofCeutarebels against theAlmohads.^[21]

By topic

Literature

Anna Komnenewrites theAlexiad,a biography of her father, the late EmperorAlexios I Komnenos.

Religion

Hildegard of Bingenfounds a new monastery atRupertsbergin theRhine ValleynearBingen am Rhein.

Technology

An Italiansilkindustry is started atPalermoby Roger II, who takes numbers of silk workers back fromGreece.

Births

Béla III,king ofHungaryandCroatia(d.1196)
Bohemond III( "the Child" ), prince ofAntioch(d.1201)
Galgano Guidotti,Italian knight and saint (d.1181)
Isabelle de Meulan,Frenchnoblewoman(d.1220)
Muhammad II,ruler of theNizari Ismaili State(d.1210)
Ōe no Hiromoto,Japanese nobleman (d.1225)
Philippa of Antioch,princess of Antioch (d.1178)
Qiu Chuji,ChineseTaoistreligious leader (d.1227)
Ugo Canefri,Italian knight and health worker (d.1233)
Urraca of Portugal,queen consort ofLeón(d.1211)

Deaths

January 3–Anselm of St. Saba,English bishop
January 6
- Gilbert de Clare,1stEarl of Pembroke(b.1100)
- William de Warenne,3rdEarl of Surrey(b.1119)
January 24–Ascelin(or Anselm), English bishop
April 16
- Robert de Bethune,bishop ofHereford
- Roger de Clinton,bishop ofCoventry
August 21–William II,count ofNevers(b.1089)
September 17–Conan III,duke ofBrittany(b.1095)
September 30–Magnús Einarsson,Icelandic bishop
November 2–Malachy,Irish archbishop and saint (b.1094)
Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi,Andalusian scholar (b.1076)
Alberic of Ostia,French cardinal-bishop (b.1080)
Alfonso Jordan,count ofToulouse(b.1103)
Amadeus III,count ofSavoyandMaurienne
Ari Thorgilsson,Icelandic chronicler (b.1067)
Hedwig of Gudensberg,German countess (b.1098)
Henry of Lausanne,French monk and preacher
Mahaut of Albon,countess of Savoy (b.1112)
Reginald III(orRenaud), count ofBurgundy
Roger III,duke ofApulia and Calabria(b.1118)
Simon of Vermandois,French bishop (b.1093)
William of St. Thierry,Frenchabbotand writer
Wuzhu,Chinese prince, general and minister
Ye Mengde,Chinese minister andpoet(b.1077)

References

^David Nicolle(2009).The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus,pp. 50–51.ISBN 978-1-84603-354-4.
^David Nicolle (2009).The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus,p. 51.ISBN 978-1-84603-354-4.
^David Nicolle (2009).The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus,p. 37.ISBN 978-1-84603-354-4.
^David Nicolle (2009).The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus,pp. 53–54.ISBN 978-1-84603-354-4.
^Steven Runciman(1952).A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem,p. 226.ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
^David Nicolle (2009).The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus,p. 54.ISBN 978-1-84603-354-4.
^Steven Runciman (1952).A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem,p. 227.ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
^David Nicolle (2009).The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus,p. 55.ISBN 978-1-84603-354-4.
^Steven Runciman (1952).A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem,p. 228.ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
^David Nicolle (2009).The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus,p. 56.ISBN 978-1-84603-354-4.
^David Nicolle (2009).The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus,p. 71.ISBN 978-1-84603-354-4.
^Baldwin, M. W. (1969).The First Hundred Years,p. 510. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
^David Nicolle (2009).The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus,p. 83.ISBN 978-1-84603-354-4.
^Steven Runciman (1952).A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem,pp. 231–232.ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
^^a ^bDavid Nicolle (2009).The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus,p. 16.ISBN 978-1-84603-354-4.
^Picard C. (1997).La mer et les musulmans d'Occident au Moyen Age.Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, p. 73.
^McGrank, Lawrence (1981). "Norman crusaders and the Catalan reconquest: Robert Burdet and the Principality of Tarragona 1129–55".Journal of Medieval History.7(1): 67–82.doi:10.1016/0304-4181(81)90036-1.
^Chibnall, Marjorie (1991).The Empress Matilda: Queen Consort, Queen Mother and Lady of the English,p. 148. London, UK: Basil Blackwell.ISBN 978-0-631-15737-3.
^Jaques, Tony (2007).Dictionary of Battles and Sieges,p. 391. Greenwood Publishing Group.ISBN 978-0313-33538-9.
^Abulafia, David (1985).The Norman kingdom of Africa and the Norman expeditions to Majorca and the Muslim Mediterranean.Woodbridge: Boydell Press.ISBN 0-85115-416-6.
^Picard C. (1997).La mer et les musulmans d'Occident au Moyen Age.Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, p. 77.

[1] David Nicolle(2009).The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus,pp. 50–51.ISBN 978-1-84603-354-4.

[2] David Nicolle (2009).The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus,p. 51.ISBN 978-1-84603-354-4.

[3] David Nicolle (2009).The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus,p. 37.ISBN 978-1-84603-354-4.

[4] David Nicolle (2009).The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus,pp. 53–54.ISBN 978-1-84603-354-4.

[5] Steven Runciman(1952).A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem,p. 226.ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.

[6] David Nicolle (2009).The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus,p. 54.ISBN 978-1-84603-354-4.

[7] Steven Runciman (1952).A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem,p. 227.ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.

[8] David Nicolle (2009).The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus,p. 55.ISBN 978-1-84603-354-4.

[9] Steven Runciman (1952).A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem,p. 228.ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.

[10] David Nicolle (2009).The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus,p. 56.ISBN 978-1-84603-354-4.

[11] David Nicolle (2009).The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus,p. 71.ISBN 978-1-84603-354-4.

[12] Baldwin, M. W. (1969).The First Hundred Years,p. 510. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.

[13] David Nicolle (2009).The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus,p. 83.ISBN 978-1-84603-354-4.

[14] Steven Runciman (1952).A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem,pp. 231–232.ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.

[auto-15] David Nicolle (2009).The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus,p. 16.ISBN 978-1-84603-354-4.

[16] Picard C. (1997).La mer et les musulmans d'Occident au Moyen Age.Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, p. 73.

[17] McGrank, Lawrence (1981). "Norman crusaders and the Catalan reconquest: Robert Burdet and the Principality of Tarragona 1129–55".Journal of Medieval History.7(1): 67–82.doi:10.1016/0304-4181(81)90036-1.

[18] Chibnall, Marjorie (1991).The Empress Matilda: Queen Consort, Queen Mother and Lady of the English,p. 148. London, UK: Basil Blackwell.ISBN 978-0-631-15737-3.

[19] Jaques, Tony (2007).Dictionary of Battles and Sieges,p. 391. Greenwood Publishing Group.ISBN 978-0313-33538-9.

[20] Abulafia, David (1985).The Norman kingdom of Africa and the Norman expeditions to Majorca and the Muslim Mediterranean.Woodbridge: Boydell Press.ISBN 0-85115-416-6.

[lameretlesmusulmans2-21] Picard C. (1997).La mer et les musulmans d'Occident au Moyen Age.Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, p. 77.

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1148 by topic
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Births–Deaths
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1148 in poetry
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