1250
Appearance
Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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Centuries: | |
Decades: | |
Years: |
1250 by topic |
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Leaders |
Birth and death categories |
Births–Deaths |
Establishments and disestablishments categories |
Establishments–Disestablishments |
Art and literature |
1250 in poetry |
Gregorian calendar | 1250 MCCL |
Ab urbe condita | 2003 |
Armenian calendar | 699 ԹՎ ՈՂԹ |
Assyrian calendar | 6000 |
Balinese saka calendar | 1171–1172 |
Bengali calendar | 657 |
Berber calendar | 2200 |
English Regnal year | 34Hen. 3– 35Hen. 3 |
Buddhist calendar | 1794 |
Burmese calendar | 612 |
Byzantine calendar | 6758–6759 |
Chinese calendar | Mình dậuNăm (EarthRooster) 3947 or 3740 — to — Canh tuất năm (MetalDog) 3948 or 3741 |
Coptic calendar | 966–967 |
Discordian calendar | 2416 |
Ethiopian calendar | 1242–1243 |
Hebrew calendar | 5010–5011 |
Hindu calendars | |
-Vikram Samvat | 1306–1307 |
-Shaka Samvat | 1171–1172 |
-Kali Yuga | 4350–4351 |
Holocene calendar | 11250 |
Igbo calendar | 250–251 |
Iranian calendar | 628–629 |
Islamic calendar | 647–648 |
Japanese calendar | Kenchō2 ( kiến trường 2 năm ) |
Javanese calendar | 1159–1160 |
Julian calendar | 1250 MCCL |
Korean calendar | 3583 |
Minguo calendar | 662 beforeROC Dân trước 662 năm |
Nanakshahi calendar | −218 |
Thai solar calendar | 1792–1793 |
Tibetan calendar | Âm thổ gà năm (female Earth-Rooster) 1376 or 995 or 223 — to — Dương kim cẩu năm (male Iron-Dog) 1377 or 996 or 224 |
Year1250(MCCL) was acommon year starting on Saturday(link will display the full calendar) of theJulian calendar.
Events
[edit]By place
[edit]World
[edit]- Theworld populationis estimated at between 400 and 416 million individuals.
- World climate transitions from theMedieval Warm Periodto theLittle Ice Age.[1]
- Medieval music:TheNotre Dame schoolofpolyphonyends.
Europe
[edit]- February 2– KingEric XI(Eriksson) dies and is succeeded by the 10-year-oldValdemar I,who is the eldest son ofBirger jarl.He is elected as ruler ofSweden,and becomes the first Swedish king of theHouse of Folkung.
- October 12– A great storm shifts the mouth of theRiver Rotherin England 12 miles (20 km) to the west; a battering series of strong storms significantly alters other coastal geography aroundRomney Marsh.
- December 13– EmperorFrederick IIdies, beginning the 23-year-long "GreatInterregnum".Frederick is the last Holy Roman Emperor of theHohenstaufendynasty; after the interregnum, the empire passes to theHabsburgs.
- TheLombard Leaguedissolves upon the death of its member states' nemesis, Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor.
- KingAfonso III(the Boulonnais) captures theAlgarvefrom the Moors, thus completing the expulsion of the Moors fromPortugal.
- Albertus Magnusisolates the elementarsenic,as the 8th discovered metal. He also first uses the word "oriole"to describe a type of bird (most likely thegolden oriole).
- TheRialto BridgeinVenice(in modern-dayItaly) is converted from a pontoon bridge to a permanent, raised wooden structure.
- ThePonts Couvertsfortified bridges ofStrasbourg(in modern-day France) are completed.
- Vincent of Beauvaiscompletes his proto-encyclopedic workSpeculum Maius( "Greater mirror" ).
- The first of theParlementsofAncien RégimeFrance is established.
- Villard de Honnecourtdraws the first known image of asawmill.
- The first usage is made of the English word "cuckold",according to theOxford English Dictionary.
Asia
[edit]- July 9– TheQaymariyyatribe engineers acoup d'étatto hand overDamascustoAn-Nasir Yusuf.The garrison in the citadel surrenders later to him.[2]
- Akurultaiis called byBatu KhaninSiberiaas part of maneuverings which will electMöngke Khanaskhanof theMongol Empirein1251.
- Starting in this year and ending in1275,the MuslimShougeng Pu,likely a Persian or an Arab, serves as the Commissioner of Merchant Shipping for theSong dynastyChineseseaportatQuanzhou,due to his effort in defeating pirates.[3]
Africa
[edit]- April 8–Battle of Fariskur:Louis IX (the Saint) is captured byBaibars'Mamlukarmy while he is inEgyptconducting theSeventh Crusade;he later has to ransom himself.
- April 30– KingLouis IX(the Saint) is released by his Egyptian captors after paying a ransom ofone milliondinarsand turning over the city ofDamietta.
- May 2–Al-Muazzam Turanshah,Ayyubid ruler of Egypt, is murdered, ending effectiveAyyubid Dynastyrule in the country. He is briefly succeeded by his widow, SultanaShajar al-Durr.[4]
- July 21–Aybakbecomes ruler ofEgypt,beginning theBahri Dynastyof theMamluk Sultanate.After 5 days he stands down and the 6-year-oldAl-Ashraf Musais nominally proclaimed sultan.[4]
- TheWelaytastate is founded in modern-dayEthiopia.
- InTunis,a popular rebellion against newly arrived, wealthy and influential Andalusian refugees breaks out, and is violently put down.[5]
Oceania
[edit]- Samoafrees itself fromTongan rule,which begins theMalietoadynasty in Samoa (approximate date).
By topic
[edit]Markets
[edit]- The Flemish town ofDouaiemits the first recorded redeemable annuities in medieval Europe, confirming a trend of consolidation of local public debt started in1218,inRheims.[6]
- TheSienesebankers belonging to the firm known as theGran Tavola,under the steering of the Bonsignori Brothers, become the main financiers of the Papacy.[7]
Births
[edit]- April 8–John Tristan,son ofLouis IX(d.1270)
- Adolf II of Waldeck,prince-bishop ofLiège(d.1302)
- Agnes of Baden,German noblewoman (d.1295)
- Albert II of Saxony,Germannobleman(d.1298)
- Albert III,German nobleman and knight (d.1300)
- Albertus de Chiavari,Italian Master General (d. 1300)
- Allamah al-Hilli,PersianShiatheologian (d.1325)
- Asher ben Jehiel,German Jewishrabbi(d.1327)
- Beatrice of Savoy,Swiss noblewoman (d.1292)
- Bonconte I da Montefeltro,Italian general (d.1289)
- Diether of Nassau,archbishop ofTrier(d.1307)
- Dmitry of Pereslavl,Kievan Grand Prince (d.1294)
- Esclaramunda of Foix,queen ofMajorca(d.1315)
- Fra Dolcino,Italian priest and reformist (d. 1307)
- Grigorije II of Ras,Serbian monk-scribe (d.1321)
- Guido Cavalcanti,Italian poet and writer (d. 1300)
- Jeanne de Montfort,Swiss noblewoman (d. 1300)
- John IV(Laskaris), emperor ofNicaea(d.1305)
- Konrad II of Masovia,Polish nobleman (d. 1294)
- Margaret of Burgundy,queen ofSicily(d.1308)
- Matteo I Visconti,Italianimperial vicar(d.1322)
- Mordechai ben Hillel,German scholar (d. 1298)
- Nijō Tameyo,Japanese official and poet (d.1338)
- Niklot I,German nobleman and knight (d.1323)
- Rhys ap Maredudd,Welsh nobleman (d. 1292)
- Robert II,French nobleman and knight (d. 1302)
- Sancho of Aragon,Spanish archbishop (d.1275)
- Theodoric of Freiberg,German physicist (d.1311)
- Záviš of Falkenstein,Bohemian nobleman (d.1290)
Deaths
[edit]- February 2–Eric XI(Eriksson), king ofSweden(b.1216)
- February 6–Geoffrey VI,French nobleman and knight
- February 8
- Andrew III,French nobleman and knight (b.1200)
- Fakhr ad-Din,Egyptian ruler and military leader
- Robert I(the Good), French nobleman (b. 1216)
- William Longespée(the Younger), English knight
- February 11–Jean de Ronay,French Grand Master
- March 29–Ludolph of Ratzeburg,German bishop
- April 6
- Guillaume de Sonnac,French Grand Master
- Hugh XI of Lusignan,French nobleman (b.1221)
- May 2–Al-Muazzam Turanshah,Ayyubid ruler ofEgypt[4]
- May 21–Humbert V,French nobleman and knight (b.1198)
- May 26–Peter I(Mauclerc), French nobleman (b.1187)
- May 27–Raniero Capocci,Italian priest and cardinal
- June 7–Vitslav I,Danish nobleman and knight (b.1180)
- June 18–Theresa of Portugal,queen ofLeón(b.1176)
- August 10–Eric IV(Ploughpenny), king ofDenmark
- October 4–Herman VI,German nobleman and knight
- October 12–Richard Wendene,English bishop (b.1219)
- December 13–Frederick II,Holy Roman Emperor (b.1194)[8]
- Alice of Schaerbeek,FlemishCistercianlay sister (b.1220)
- Gilbertus Anglicus,English physician and writer (b. 1180)
- Julian of Speyer,GermanFranciscancomposer and poet
- Leonardo of Pisa,Italian mathematician and writer (b.1170)
- Romée de Villeneuve,French nobleman andseneschal
- Shihab al-Din Muhammad al-Nasawi,Persian biographer
- Walter of Serviliano,ItalianBenedictinehermit andabbot
- Yang Miaozhen,Chinese female military leader (b.1193)
References
[edit]- ^Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel; Bray, Barbara (1971).Times of Feast, Times of Famine: a History of Climate Since the Year 1000.Garden City, NY: Doubleday.ISBN0-374-52122-0.OCLC164590.
- ^Humphreys, R. Stephen (1977).From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193–1260,pp. 305–307. State University of New York Press.
- ^According to a monograph on the maritimeeconomy of the Song dynastywritten by Jitsuzo Kuwabara ( tang nguyên chất tàng, 1870–1931).
- ^abcHumphreys, R. Stephen (1977).From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus 1193-1260.Albany: State University of New York Press.ISBN9780873952637.
- ^de Epalza, Miguel (1999).Negotiating cultures: bilingual surrender treaties in Muslim-Crusader Spain under James the Conqueror.Brill. p. 106.ISBN90-04-11244-8.
- ^Zuijderduijn, Jaco (2009).Medieval Capital Markets. Markets for renten, state formation and private investment in Holland (1300-1550).Leiden/Boston: Brill.ISBN978-90-04-17565-5.
- ^Catoni, Giuliano."Bonsignori".Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani.RetrievedDecember 20,2011.
- ^"Frederick II | Biography, Accomplishments, & Facts".Encyclopedia Britannica.RetrievedSeptember 29,2020.