1320
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1320 by topic |
|---|
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births–Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments–Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1320 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1320 MCCCXX |
| Ab urbe condita | 2073 |
| Armenian calendar | 769 ԹՎ ՉԿԹ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6070 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1241–1242 |
| Bengali calendar | 727 |
| Berber calendar | 2270 |
| English Regnal year | 13Edw. 2– 14Edw. 2 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1864 |
| Burmese calendar | 682 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6828–6829 |
| Chinese calendar | Mình chưaNăm (EarthGoat) 4017 or 3810 — to — Canh Thân năm (MetalMonkey) 4018 or 3811 |
| Coptic calendar | 1036–1037 |
| Discordian calendar | 2486 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1312–1313 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5080–5081 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| -Vikram Samvat | 1376–1377 |
| -Shaka Samvat | 1241–1242 |
| -Kali Yuga | 4420–4421 |
| Holocene calendar | 11320 |
| Igbo calendar | 320–321 |
| Iranian calendar | 698–699 |
| Islamic calendar | 719–720 |
| Japanese calendar | Gen'ō2 ( nguyên ứng ２ năm ) |
| Javanese calendar | 1231–1232 |
| Julian calendar | 1320 MCCCXX |
| Korean calendar | 3653 |
| Minguo calendar | 592 beforeROC Dân trước 592 năm |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −148 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1862–1863 |
| Tibetan calendar | Âm thổ dương năm (female Earth-Goat) 1446 or 1065 or 293 — to — Dương kim năm con khỉ (male Iron-Monkey) 1447 or 1066 or 294 |
Year1320(MCCCXX) was aleap year starting on Tuesday(link will display the full calendar) of theJulian calendar.
Events
[edit]January – March
[edit]- January 5–Henry III, Count of Gorizia,arrives inPaduaas the Imperial Vicar with a large army, promising protection to the Italian city state.
- January 20– DukeWładysław I the Shortbecomes king of a reunitedPoland,after receiving the approval from PopeJohn XXII.He is crowned, along with his wifeJadwiga of Kalisz,at the royal cathedral onWawel HillatKraków.Wladysław's kingdom is surrounded by three hostile neighbors:Brandenburg,theTeutonic OrderandBohemia.Looking for allies, he makes an alliance withCharles I,ruler ofHungary.
- February 15– Pope John XXII grants a mandate to theArchbishop of YorkWilliam Meltonto order restitution of confiscatedKnights Templarproperty to theKnights Hospitaller.[1]
- February 18–Walter de Stapledon,Bishop of Exeter, becomes the new Lord High Treasurer of England.
- March 1–Emperor Renzong of China,the Mongol leader Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan, dies after a reign of almost nine years. He is succeeded by his son, Gegeen Khan.
- March 20–Shepherds' Crusade(Le Pastoureaux): In France, a large group of common people band together in Normandy on Easter Sunday to begin a crusade, after a teenage shepherd says he was visited by theHoly Spirit.[2]They march south toAquitaine,attacking castles, royal officials, priests and lepers along the way. Jewish communes are attacked atSaintes,Cahors,Verdun-sur-Garonne,AlbiandToulouse.When they finally cross intoSpain,Aragon forces under PrinceAlfonsohalt their advance. In July, many of the followers are arrested and executed. After that, there are no further incidents and the crusade disperses.[3]
April – June
[edit]- April 6–Declaration of Arbroath:KingRobert the Brucesends a letter to John XXII. He asks him to recognize Scottish sovereignty, and Robert's right to be ruler ofScotland.Hoping that he will lift theexcommunicationorder under which Robert is being held for the death ofJohn Comyn III(John the Red).[4][5]
- April 19–Gegeen Khan(Prince Shidibala) becomes the new Mongol Emperor Yingzong of the Yuan dynasty of China after the death of his father, Emperor Renzong.
- May 29–Pope John VIII of Alexandria,leader of theCoptic Orthodox Church,dies in Egypt after a reign of 20 years. He will be succeeded byPope John IX
- June 4–King Edward II of Englandappoints Lord Pembroke as keeper of the realm before traveling to France.[6]
- June 18–Treaty of Baena:SultanIsmail Isigns an 8-year truce withCastileatBaena.KingJames II,who receives papal authorization and funds for a crusade againstGranadarefuses to accept the treaty. Both parties promise to aid one another against their respective enemies. Meanwhile, Ismail consolidates the territories formally under his control with the emirate.[7]
- June 19–Shepherds' Crusade:Unnerved by the prospect of the arrival of the shepherds at Avignon to begin a crusade, Pope John XXII orders their dispersal.
July – September
[edit]- July 6–To strengthen the alliance between Hungary and Poland, and with the approval of Pope John XXII,Charles I of HungarymarriesPrincess Elizabeth of Poland,the 15-year-old daughterKing Wladyslaw I.[8]
- July 9– In India'sDelhi Sultanate,Qutbuddin Mubarak Shahis murdered by his favourite,Khusrau Khan,who succeeds him on the throne.[9]
- August 4–William II de Soulesconfesses to treason before the Scottish Parliament at a hearing at the "Black Parliament" session held at Scone. For the crime of conspiring against King Robert, Soules is sentenced to life imprisonment at Dumbarton Castle.
- September 5– Delhi's SultanKhusrau Khan,who betrayed and murdered Qutbuddin Shah in May to become ruler in India, is himself betrayed and murdered by his governor,Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq,who founds Delhi'sTughlaq dynasty.Sultan Ghiyath appoints military governors inPunjabandSindhprovince, who manage to halt Mongol incursions towards the sultanate.[9]
- September 9–Battle of Saint George:Byzantine forces underAndronikos Asendefeat the army of thePrincipality of Achaea,securing the possession ofArcadia.During the battle, Latin commanderBartholomew IIis taken prisoner, along with several high-ranking nobles of the principality, and is sent toConstantinople.[10][11]
- September 28–Pope John IX of Alexandriais elected as the new spiritual leader of theCoptic Orthodox Church,succeeding Pope John VIII.
- September 1320 -Sripada Sri Vallabha,incarnation of Lord Datta is born inPithapur,Andhra Pradesh.
October – December
[edit]- October 12–Andronikos II Palaiologos,who was co-ruler of Byzantium, becomes the sole ruler upon the death of his sonMichael IX Palaiologos.Michael's sonAndronikosbegins a rebellion against his grandfather emperor six months later.
- October 27–Magnus Birgersson,who had been the crown prince of Sweden until his father,King Birgerwas forced to flee, was beheaded by order of King Magnus Eriksson. Magnus Birgersson, who had defended theStegeborg Castlein 1318 to allow his father to flee to safety, was convicted of having participated in theNyköping Banquetbetrayal of 1317.[12]
Date unknown
[edit]- Autumn – Byzantine forces under Andronikos Asen capture the Latin castles ofAkovaandKarytaina.They secure control over Arcadia andCynuriain thePeloponnese.[13]
- Battle of Rhodes:TheKnights Hospitallerdefeats an attempt by the Turks ofMentesheto captureRhodes.During the battle, a Turkish invasion fleet (some 80 ships) is destroyed by a smaller Hospitaller-Genoese fleet.[14]
- TheVenetian Arsenal,a dockyard for naval ships, is rebuilt, known as theArsenale Nuovo.
- Henri de Mondeville,French surgeon and physician, writesLa Chirurgie,the first textbook onsurgeryby a Frenchmen.
Births
[edit]- February 9–Catherine of Austria,German noblewoman (d.1349)
- April 8–Peter I the Cruel,king ofPortugal(d.1367)
- May 25–Toghon Temür(Emperor Huizong), Mongol emperor (d.1370)
- October 13–Perenelle Flamel,French femalealchemist(d.1397)
- date unknown
- Adalbertus Ranconis de Ericinio,Czech philosopher (d.1388)
- Averardo de Medici,Italiannobleman(d.1363)
- Beatrice of Bourbon,queen consort ofBohemia(d.1383)
- Bertrand du Guesclin,Breton knight and general (d.1380)
- Blanka of Namur,queen ofNorwayandSweden(d.1363)
- Chen Youliang,Chinese founder ofChen Han(d. 1363)[15]
- Constantine Harmenopoulos,Byzantine judge (d.1385)[16]
- Gabriele Adorno,Genoese nobleman and doge (d. 1383)
- Galeazzo II,Italian nobleman (House of Visconti) (d.1378)
- Isabella,Scottish noblewoman (House of Stuart) (d.1389)
- Jan of Czarnków,Polish nobleman and diplomat (d.1387)
- John Mohun V,English nobleman and knight (d.1376)
- John Twenge,English preacher, canon and prior (d.1379)
- Kitabatake Akinobu,Japanese nobleman (kuge) (d. 1380)
- Lalleshwari(Lal Ded), Indianmysticand poet (d.1392)
- Louis I,king ofNaples(Capetian House of Anjou) (d.1362)
- Michael Panaretos,Byzantine historian and writer (d.1390)
- Neil Loring,English knight and diplomat (d.1386)
- Nicholas Szécsi,Hungarian nobleman and knight (d. 1387)[17]
- Nicodemus of Tismana,Byzantine monk and writer (d.1406)
- Nijō Yoshimoto,Japanese nobleman andwakapoet (d. 1388)
- Nissim of Gerona,Spanishtalmudistand scholar (d. 1380)
- Otto the Tarantine,German nobleman and prince (d.1398)
- Ragibagh Khan(Tianshun), Mongol emperor (d.1328)
- Siemowit III,Polish nobleman (House of Piast) (d.1381)
- Ugolino Gonzaga,Italian nobleman and knight (d. 1362)
- Valdemar IV Atterdag,King of Denmark (d.1375)
Deaths
[edit]- January 12–John Dalderby,English bishop and chancellor[18]
- January 21–Árni Helgason,Icelandic cleric and bishop (b.1260)
- February 7–Jan Muskata,Polish bishop and chancellor (b.1250)
- March 1–Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan,Mongol emperor (b.1285)
- March 21–Wernher von Homberg,Swiss nobleman and knight[19]
- April 13–Margaret of Castello,Italian nun and teacher (b.1287)
- April 24–Abu Said Faraj,Nasrid advisor and governor (b.1248)
- May 2–Joan Butler(Joan FitzGerald), Irish noblewoman (b.1281)
- May 29–John VIII,Egyptian pope of theCoptic Orthodox Church
- June 5–Peter of Aspelt,German priest, chancellor and archbishop
- July 9–Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah,Indian ruler of theDelhi Sultanate
- July 27–Heinrich von Plötzke,German knight and marshal (b.1264)
- October 12–Michael IX Palaiologos,Byzantine emperor (b.1277)
- October 31–Ricold of Monte Croce,Italianmissionaryand writer[20]
- date unknown
- Alessandro Novello,Italian bishop andinquisitor(b. 1250)
- Anna Palaiologina,Byzantine princess and queen consort
- Antonius Andreas,Spanish monk and theologian (b.1280)
- Arnaud d'Aux,French bishop and cardinal-bishop (b.1270)
- Bernard Délicieux,French monk, prior and priest (b. 1260)
- Chosgi Odsir,Mongol monk, translator and writer (b. 1260)
- Dominic II Rátót,Hungarian nobleman, knight and palatine
- Geoffrey of Paris,French monk, chronicler and historian
- Henri de Mondeville,French surgeon and physician
- Henry II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal( "Henry the Child" ), 12, ruler of Brandenburg
- Ilbasan,Mongol ruler (House of Borjigin)
- Li Kan(Zhong Bin), Chinese official and painter
- Mojs II Ákos,Hungarian nobleman and rebel leader
- Nicholas de Balscote,English judge and chancellor
- Olivier III de Clisson,Breton nobleman and co-ruler
- Radulphus Brito,French grammarian and philosopher
- Robert de Welles,English nobleman and landowner[21]
- Roger de Mowbray,Scottish nobleman and landowner
- William III,Burgundian nobleman and knight (b. 1280)
- Yasa'ur,Mongol nobleman, prince and general (b.1289)
References
[edit]- ^J. Michael Jefferson,The Templar Estates in Lincolnshire, 1185-1565: Agriculture and Economy(Boydell Press, 2020) p.167
- ^"Shepherds' Crusade, Second (1320)", by Gary Dickson, inThe Crusades to the Holy Land: The Essential Reference Guide,ed. by Alan V. Murray (ABC-CLIO, 2015) pp.218-219
- ^Malcolm Barber (1981). "The Pastoureaux of 1320" inJournal of Ecclesiastical History32 (2), pp. 143–166.
- ^Scott, Ronald McNair (1999).Robert the Bruce: King of Scots,p. 197. Canongate Books.ISBN978-0-86241-616-4.
- ^McLean, Iain (2005).State of the Union: Unionism and the Alternatives in the United Kingdom Since 1707,p. 247. Oxford University Press.ISBN978-0-19-925820-8.
- ^James Conway Davies,The Baronial Opposition to Edward II Its Character and Policy: A Study in Administrative History(Cambridge University Press, 1918) p.439
- ^Joseph F. O'Callaghan (2011).The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait,p. 147. University of Pennsylvania Press.ISBN978-0-8122-2302-6.
- ^Brzezinski, Richard (1990).History of Poland: The Piast Dynasty,pp. 24–25.ISBN83-7212-019-6.
- ^abHywel Williams (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History,p. 157.ISBN0-304-35730-8.
- ^Bon, Antoine (1969).La Morée franque. Recherches historiques, topographiques et archéologiques sur la principauté d'Achaïe,p. 202. [The Frankish Morea. Historical, Topographic and Archaeological Studies on the Principality of Achaea] (in French). Paris: De Boccard.OCLC869621129.
- ^Ravegnano, Giorgio (2000). "GHISI, Bartolomeo".Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani,Volume 54:Ghiselli-Gimma(in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana.ISBN978-8-81200032-6.
- ^"Magnus Birgersson",by Hans Gillingstam, inSvenskt biografiskt lexikon (Riksarkivet, 1982)
- ^Topping, Peter (1975). "The Morea, 1311–1364". In Setton, Kenneth M.; Hazard, Harry W. (eds.).A History of the Crusades, Volume III: The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries,p. 117. Madison and London: University of Wisconsin Press.ISBN0-299-06670-3.
- ^Luttrell, Anthony (1975). "The Hospitallers at Rhodes, 1306–1421". In Setton, Kenneth M.; Hazard, Harry W. (eds.).A History of the Crusades, Volume III: The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries,pp. 288–289. Madison and London: University of Wisconsin Press.ISBN0-299-06670-3.
- ^Dreyer, Edward (1982).Early Ming China: A Political History.Stanford: Stanford University Press.ISBN0-8047-1105-4.
- ^Fögen, Marie Theres (1991). "Harmenopoulos, Constantine". In Kazhdan, Alexander (ed.).The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium,p. 902. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.ISBN0-19-504652-8.
- ^Marko, Laszlo (2006).The High Officers of the Hungarian State from Saint Stephen to the Present Days – A Biographical Encyclopedia(2nd edition), p. 253. Budapest;ISBN963-547-085-1.
- ^Childs, Wendy R. (February 3, 2005).Vita Edwardi Secundi.Clarendon Press. p. 179.ISBN978-0-19-151530-9.
- ^Friedrich Wilhelm Barthold. "Minnelieder des Grafen Wernher von Homberg" in:Der Römerzug König Heinrichs von Lützelburg,pp. 72–80. Vol.2. (1831)
- ^Jackson, Peter (2016).The Mongols and the West, 1221–1410,p. 176. Pearson Education Ltd.ISBN0-582-36896-0.
- ^Doyle, J. W. E. (1886).The Official Baronage of England: Showing the Succession, Dignities, and Offices of Every Peer from 1066 to 1885, with Sixteen Hundred Illustrations(Vol. 3). Longmans, Green.