1370s in England

Events from the1370s inEngland.

Incumbents

• Monarch–Edward III(to 21 June 1377), thenRichard II.

Events

• 1370
  • 19 September –Hundred Years' War:Siege of Limoges– The English led byEdward the Black Princeretake the city from theFrenchby storm with wide destruction.
• 1371
  • 28 March – TheLondon Charterhouse,aCarthusianmonastery,is founded inAldersgate.
  • 21 September – John of Gaunt marries as his second wifeConstance of Castile(daughter of KingPeter of Castile), giving him a claim to the throne of Castile.
• 1372
  • June –Owain Lawgochclaims the titlePrince of Wales,sails with French support fromHarfleurand raidsGuernseyin preparation for an attack onWales.
  • 22 June –Hundred Years' War:the English fleet is defeated at theBattle of La Rochelleby a Castilian-French fleet.Owain Lawgochfights alongside the French.
  • 10 July – TheTreaty of Tagildeis signed betweenFerdinand I of Portugaland representatives ofJohn of Gauntof England, marking the beginning of theAnglo-Portuguese Alliance,which remains in effect into the 21st century.
  • 7 August – Hundred Years' War:Poitierssurrenders to the French.
  • 1 December – Hundred Years' War: French take control ofPoitou.
  • Hundred Years' War: The French regain control ofBrittanyfrom the English.
• 1373
  • 28 April – Hundred Years' War: French re-capture most ofBrittany,but are unable to takeBrest.
  • 13 May –AnchoressDameJulian of Norwichreceives her sixteenRevelations of Divine Love.
  • 16 June – theTreaty of Londonbetween England andPortugalis signed and is the oldest active treaty in the world.
  • August – Hundred Years' War: John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, launches an invasion of France.
  • Bristolis made acounty corporate,the first city outside London to be granted this status.
  • Merton College Libraryis built inOxford.
• 1374
  • January – Hundred Years' War: John of Gaunt's forces reachBordeaux.
  • In recognition for his great works, King Edward III grants the writerGeoffrey Chaucera gallon of wine a day for the rest of his life.
• 1375
  • 4 May –Simon Sudburyenthroned asArchbishop of Canterbury.
  • Hundred Years' War: France and England sign the peace treaty ofBruges,confirming England's rule overCalais,parts ofGascony,and four forts in Brittany.
  • John Mandeville's travel narratives first appear in English.
  • Week-longtournamentheld, withAlice Perrersleading the opening procession.
• 1376
  • March – Hundred Years' War: the peace treaty between England andFranceis extended until April 1377.
  • 28 April – start of theGood Parliamentin England, so called because its members attempt to reform the corrupt Royal Council, through the first use ofimpeachment.
  • 7 June – the dying Prince Edward summons his fatherEdward IIIand brother John of Gaunt and makes them swear to uphold the claim to the throne of his sonRichard.
  • 8 June –Edward the Black Princedies at thePalace of Westminster,becoming the first English Prince of Wales to not rule as king.
  • 10 July – theGood Parliamentis dissolved. At this time, it is the longest Parliament to have sat in England.
  • September – John of Gaunt summons religious reformerJohn Wycliffeto appear before the Royal Council to defend Gaunt from bishops who have become his enemies.
  • October – John of Gaunt, through the Royal Council, proceeds to undo the work of the Good Parliament.
  • 25 December – John of Gaunt presents his nephew, PrinceRichardof Bordeaux, to the feudatories of the realm and swears to uphold Richard's right to succeed Edward III.
• 1377
  • 27 January – theBad Parliamentbegins sitting. Influenced by Prince John of Gaunt, it undoes the work done by the Good Parliament, the previous year, to reduce corruption in the Royal Council. It also introduces apoll tax.Thomas Hungerfordis the first Parliamentary spokesman to hold the title ofSpeaker.
  • 20 February – riots in London after John of Gaunt attacks the privileges of the City.
  • 2 March – the Bad Parliament dissolved.
  • 22 May –Pope Gregory XIissues fiveBullscondemning the opinion ofJohn Wycliffethat Catholic priests should live in poverty like the twelve disciples ofJesus.
  • 21 June – Edward III dies of a stroke at age 65, ending his 50-year reign.
  • 16 July – coronation of the 10-year-oldRichard II,grandson of Edward III. Richard's uncle John of Gaunt andThomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucesterrule on his behalf until 1381.
  • Summer – theGreat Rumour:peasantunrest inWiltshire,SurreyandDevon.
  • 13 October – Richard II's first parliament meets.
  • Ongoing – Hundred Years' War: French fleet burnsRye,Hastings,GravesendandPortsmouth,and raids theIsle of Wight.
• 1378
  • March – John Wycliffe tries to promote his ideas for Catholic reform by laying his theses before parliament and making them public in atract.He is subsequently summoned beforeArchbishop of Canterbury,Simon of Sudbury,atLambeth Palaceto defend his actions.
  • July – the English government spy John Lamb assassinatesOwain Lawgoch,the Welsh claimant to the titlePrince of Wales.
  • 20 October –Western Schism:England recognises the RomanPope Urban VIover theAvignon Pope Clement VII.
  • Castilian fleet raidsCornwall,burningFowey.
  • Henry Yevelebegins the rebuilding of the nave ofWestminster Abbey.
  • Office of Worksestablished within theRoyal Householdto oversee construction of royal castles and residences; it will continue until1832.
• 1379
  • 30 June –New College, Oxford,founded byWilliam of Wykeham,Bishop of Winchester (charter 26 November).
  • Foundation ofWisbech Grammar School.
  • Hundred Years' War: French lose control of most of Brittany.

Births

• 1370
  • John Lydgate,Benedictine monk and poet (died 1451).
• 1373
  • Robert Ferrers, 3rd Baron Ferrers of Wemme(died 1396).
  • Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York(died 1415).
• 1374
  • 11 April –Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March,heir to the throne (died 1398).
  • Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey(died 1400).
• 1375
  • Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge(approximate date; died 1414).
• 1376
  • 9 November –Edmund Mortimer,rebel (died 1409).
• 1377
  • Henry Beaufort,Cardinal, Lord Chancellor (died 1447).
• 1378
  • John Hardyng,chronicler (died 1465).
• 1379
  • Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland(approximate date; died 1440).

Deaths

• 1372
  • 8 or 15 January –Walter Manny, 1st Baron Manny,soldier and benefactor (born c. 1310).
  • 11 January –Eleanor of Lancaster,noblewoman (born 1318).
  • 31 August –Ralph Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford,soldier (born 1301).
• 1373
  • Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford(born 1342).
• 1374
  • 5 June –William Whittlesey,Archbishop of Canterbury(year of birth unknown).
• 1376
  • 24 January –Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel,military leader (born c. 1313).
  • 8 June –Edward, the Black Prince,son of KingEdward III of England(born 1330).
  • 22 July –Simon Langham,Archbishop of Canterbury(born 1310).
• 1377
  • 21 June – KingEdward III of England(born 1312).
  • Sir John Minsterworth,soldier and traitor (hanged).
• 1379
  • 16 December –John FitzAlan, 1st Baron Arundel(born c. 1348).