1600
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1600 by topic |
|---|
| Arts and science |
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births–Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments–Disestablishments |
| Works category |
| Gregorian calendar | 1600 MDC |
| Ab urbe condita | 2353 |
| Armenian calendar | 1049 ԹՎ ՌԽԹ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6350 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1521–1522 |
| Bengali calendar | 1007 |
| Berber calendar | 2550 |
| English Regnal year | 42Eliz. 1– 43Eliz. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2144 |
| Burmese calendar | 962 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7108–7109 |
| Chinese calendar | Mình hợiNăm (EarthPig) 4297 or 4090 — to — Canh tử năm (MetalRat) 4298 or 4091 |
| Coptic calendar | 1316–1317 |
| Discordian calendar | 2766 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1592–1593 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5360–5361 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| -Vikram Samvat | 1656–1657 |
| -Shaka Samvat | 1521–1522 |
| -Kali Yuga | 4700–4701 |
| Holocene calendar | 11600 |
| Igbo calendar | 600–601 |
| Iranian calendar | 978–979 |
| Islamic calendar | 1008–1009 |
| Japanese calendar | Keichō5 ( khánh trường ５ năm ) |
| Javanese calendar | 1520–1521 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 10 days |
| Korean calendar | 3933 |
| Minguo calendar | 312 beforeROC Dân trước 312 năm |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 132 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2142–2143 |
| Tibetan calendar | Âm thổ heo năm (female Earth-Pig) 1726 or 1345 or 573 — to — Dương kim chuột năm (male Iron-Rat) 1727 or 1346 or 574 |
1600(MDC) was acentury leap year starting on Saturdayof theGregorian calendarand aleap year starting on Tuesdayof theJulian calendar,the 1600th year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 600th year of the2nd millennium,the 100th and last year of the16th century,and the 1st year of the1600sdecade. As of the start of 1600, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
In the Gregorian calendar, it was the last century leap year until the year2000.
Events
[edit]January–March
[edit]- January 1–Scotlandadopts January 1 asNew Year's Dayinstead of March 25.
- January 20–Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone,renews theNine Years' War (Ireland)against England with an invasion ofMunster.[1][2]
- January 24–Sebald de Weertmakes the first recorded sighting of theFalkland Islands.[3]
- February 17– On his way to be burned at the stake forheresyin Rome,Giordano Brunohas his tongue "imprisoned" after he refuses to stop talking.[4]
- February 19– TheHuaynaputinavolcanoinPeruerupts, in what is still the worst recorded volcanic eruption.
- March 20–Linköping Bloodbath:Five Swedish nobles are publicly executed bydecapitationandPolish–SwedishKingSigismund III Vasaisde factodeposed as ruler ofSweden.
April–June
[edit]- April 19– The firstDutchship ever to arrive inJapan,theLiefde( "Love" ), anchors inSashifu,in theBungo Province(modern-dayUsukiinŌita Prefecture). The sailors present on this ship areWilliam Adams,Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn,Jacob QuaeckernaeckandMelchior van Santvoort.
- May 27–Michael the Bravebecomes ruler ofWallachia,TransylvaniaandMoldavia,formally uniting the threeDanubian Principalitiesunder one Romanian ruler.
- June 5–Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex,the formerLord Lieutenant of IrelandandChancellor of the University of Dublin,is put on trial in England before a commission of 18 men, after being charged with malfeasance. He is deprived of his main business, a monopoly on sweet wines, and stripped of his noble title. In revenge, he attempts to organizea coup d'etatto overthrow Queen Elizabeth and fails in his plot.
- June 9– Yi Hang-bok becomes the newChief State Councillor of Korea(theYeonguijeong), equivalent to a prime minister, after being appointed byKing Seonjoto replaceYi San-hae.
- June 13– BarristerNicholas Fulleris granted the exclusive right in England to manufactureplaying cards.[5]
- June 25– In England, a fire destroys much of the town ofNorth Walsham,Norfolk,burning down 118 homes, 70 shops, and most of the stalls in themarket square.The fire is traced to the home of one person who tries to flee town after the blaze begins. Many of the persons left homeless are given shelter at theSt Nicholas Church.
July–September
[edit]
- July 2–Eighty Years' War(Dutch War of Independence) –Battle of Nieuwpoort:TheDutch Republicgains a tactical victory over theSpanish Empire.[6]
- August 5– The brothersAlexander RuthvenandJohn Ruthven, 3rd Earl of Gowrie,are killed during a failed attempt to kidnap or murderKing James VI of Scotlandat their home.
- September 18– TheBattle of Mirăslăutakes place within Transylvania as Hungarian troops, backed by the Holy Roman Empire, triumph over the Principality of Wallachia, backed by Poland. Hungarian GeneralGiorgio Bastabrings 30,000 men against the 22,000 commanded by Wallachia's ruler Michael the Brave. The Wallachians sustain more than 5,000 dead and wounded.
- September 24– All 130 crew of the Dutch Republic shipHoopdie when the merchantman sinks in a storm while traveling in the Pacific Ocean between the Hawaiian Islands and Japan.[7]TheLiefde,a ship accompanying Hoop, is badly damaged but survives; all but 24 of its crew of more than 100 die from starvation and thirst after drifting more than six months before arriving in Japan on April 19, 1601.
October–December
[edit]- October 6– The première ofJacopo Peri'sEuridice,the earliest known fully surviving work of modern opera, takes place inFlorencefor the wedding ofHenry IV of FranceandMarie de' Medici.Emilio de' Cavalieristages the production.[8]
- October 8– The basiclegal systemfor the Republic ofSan Marinogoes into effect during the service ofcaptains regentGirolamo Gozi and Francesco Giannini.
- October 20–Persian diplomats,led by Husayn 'Ali Beg of Persia, and EnglishmanAnthony Shirley(who serves as translator) arrive inPragueto meet withRudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor.[9]
- October 21– TheBattle of Sekigaharaoccurs in what is now present-dayGifu Prefecture,Japan,where the Eastern Army led byTokugawa Ieyasuemerges victorious against the Western Army led byIshida Mitsunari.The battle ends theSengoku periodand grants theTokugawa clannominal control over Japan, establishing theTokugawa shogunatewith Tokugawa Ieyasu asshogun.
- November 7–Emperor Rudolf IIgrants an audience inPragueto Persian diplomats Husayn 'Ali Beg and Anthony Shirley, and present the offer of Persia's KingAbbas the Greatto supply weapons to the Empire in their fight against the Ottomans.[9][10]
- November 15–Thessaly rebellion:Greek farmers in Thessaly, incited by BishopDionysios Skylosophos,begin an uprising against theOttoman Empire,with violence in an area bounded byTrikalaandKarditsaand the surrounding mountains, but the rebellion is suppressed by the Ottomans in a few days.[11]
- December 31– TheEast India Companyis granted aRoyal charterin theKingdom of Englandfor trade with Asia.
Date unknown
[edit]- Approximate date – The Lutheran orthodox campaign intensifies, to reinforce theBook of Concord.
- Caister Castlein England falls into ruin.
- Sumowrestling becomes a professional sport inJapan.
- William Shakespeare's playsHenry IV, Part 2,Henry V,The Merchant of Venice,A Midsummer Night's DreamandMuch Ado About Nothingare published in London.[2]
- William GilbertpublishesDe Magnete,one of the first significant scientific books published in England, describing the Earth'smagnetic field,and the beginning of moderngeomagnetism.
- Fabritio Caroso's dance manualNobiltà de dameis published.
Births
[edit]
January–March
[edit]- January 1–Friedrich Spanheim,Calvinistic theology professor at the University of Leiden (d.1649)
- January 17–Pedro Calderón de la Barca,Spanish playwright (d.1681)[12]
- January 22–Elisabet Juliana Banér,Swedish noble (d.1640)
- January 23–Alexander Keirincx,Flemish painter (d.1652)
- January 28–Pope Clement IX(d.1669)[13]
- February–Edmund Calamy the Elder,English Presbyterian (d.1666)
- February 1–Johan Evertsen,Dutch admiral (d.1666)
- February 2–Gabriel Naudé,French librarian and scholar (d.1653)
- February 6–Matthew Brend,English landowner (d.1659)
- February 9–Jean-Joseph Surin,French Jesuit writer (d.1665)
- February 24–Manuel António of Portugal,Dutch-Portuguese nobleman (d.1666)
- February 26–Matsudaira Norinaga,Japanese daimyō (d.1654)
- March 3
- George Ghica,Prince ofWallachia(d.1664)
- Robert Roberthin,German poet (d.1648)
- March 19–Anders Bille,Danish general (d.1657)
- March 26–Matthew Marvin, Sr.,Connecticut settler (d.1678)
April–June
[edit]- April 11–Jacques Buteux,French missionary (d.1652)
- April 13–Duke Johann Wilhelm of Saxe-Altenburg,colonel in the Saxon Army (d.1632)
- April 22–Alessandro dal Borro,Austrian field marshal (d.1656)
- May 25–Thomas Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Haddington,Scottish noble (d.1640)
- May 31–Empress Xiaoduanwenof the Qing Dynasty (d.1649)
- June 26
- Sir Richard Grenville, 1st Baronet,English Royalist leader (baptised;[14]d.1658)
- Juan de Palafox y Mendoza,Spanish politician, clergyman (d.1659)
- June 29–Maria Maddalena de' Medici,Italian princess (d.1633)
July–September
[edit]
- July 1–George Gobat,French theologian (d.1679)
- July 15–Jan Cossiers,Flemish painter (d.1671)
- July 20–Sir Edward Acton, 1st Baronet,Sheriff of Shropshire (d.1659)
- July 22
- Sir Hugh Cholmeley, 1st Baronet,English politician (d.1657)
- Michel de Marolles,French translator and churchman (d.1681)
- August 7–Eleonore Marie of Anhalt-Bernburg,Duchess consort of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (d.1657)
- August 16–Maria Celeste,Italian nun, daughter ofGalileo Galilei(d.1634)
- August 24–Antoine de Laloubère,French Jesuit mathematician (d.1664)
- August 29–John Stawell,English Member of Parliament and governor ofTaunton(d.1662)
- September 5–Loreto Vittori,Italian singer and composer (d.1670)
- September 19
- Hermann Busenbaum,German Jesuit theologian (d.1668)
- John Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Weimar(d.1628)
- September 29–Sir Thomas Aston, 1st Baronet,English politician (d.1645)
- September 30–Francis Bacon,English politician and Ipswich MP (d.1663)
October–December
[edit]- October 1–Dirk Graswinckel,Dutch jurist (d.1666)
- October 2–Petronio Veroni,Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Boiano (1652–1653) (d.1653)
- October 4–Giovanni Paolo Oliva,Italian Jesuit (d.1681)
- November–John Ogilby,English writer and cartographer (d.1676)
- November 15–Aniello Falcone,Italian Baroque painter (d.1665)
- November 19
- Lieuwe van Aitzema,Dutch historian and statesman (d.1669)
- Charles I,King of England, Scotland and Ireland (d.1649)[15]
- December 12–Denis of the Nativity,French sailor and cartographer (d.1638)
- December 14–Anna Magdalene of Hanau,German countess (d.1673)
- December 15–Selius Marselis,Dutch/Norwegian tradesman (d.1663)
- December 20–Nicolas Sanson,French cartographer (d.1667)
- December–Marie de Rohan,French courtier and political activist (d.1679)
Date unknown
[edit]- Marin le Roy de Gomberville,French poet and novelist (d.1674)
- Anna Alojza Ostrogska,Polish noblewoman (d.1654)
- William Prynne,English Puritan politician (d.1669)
- Brian Walton,English bishop and scholar (d.1661)
Probable
[edit]- Martine Bertereau,Frenchmineralogist
- Jonas Bronck,Swedish colonist in America (d.1643)
- Dud Dudley,first Englishman to smelt iron ore with coke (d.1684)
- Piaras Feiritéar,Irish language poet (d.1653)
- Samuel Hartlib,British scholar (d.1662)
- Claude Lorrain,French Baroque painter, draughtsman and engraver (d.1682)
- Samuel Rutherford,Scottish theologian and controversialist (d.1660)
Deaths
[edit]
January–March
[edit]- January 9–John Spencer,English landowner and politician (b.1549)
- January 21–Jerzy Radziwiłł,Polish–Lithuanian nobleman (szlachcic) from the Radziwiłł family (b.1556)
- February 9–John Frederick, Duke of Pomerania,Protestant Bishop of Cammin (1567–1574) and ruling Duke of Pomerania (1569–1600) (b.1542)
- February 15–José de Acosta,Spanish Jesuit missionary and naturalist (b.1540)
- February 17–Giordano Bruno,Italian philosopher (burned at the stake) (b.1548)[16]
- February 25–Sebastian de Aparicio,Spanish colonial industrialist,Roman Catholicpriest and blessed in Mexico (b.1502)
- February 29–Caspar Hennenberger,German historian and cartographe (b.1529)
- March 6–Johann Major,German poet and theologian (b.1533)
- March 20–Gustaf Banér,Swedish noble (b.1547)
- April 1–Esperanza Malchi,Ottoman businessperson
- April –Thomas Deloney,English writer (b.1543)
April–June
[edit]- May 17–Thomas Leighton,English politician (b.1554)
- May 18
- Nicolaus Olai Bothniensis,Swedish archbishop (b.1550)
- Fulvio Orsini,Italian humanist, historian and archaeologist (b.1529)
- May 19–Abe Masakatsu,Japanese nobleman (b.1541)
- June 3–Juan Grande Román,Spanish Catholic saint (b.1546)
- June 8–Edward Fortunatus,German nobleman (b.1565)
- June 25–David Chytraeus,German historian and theologian (b.1530)[17]
- June 19–Christopher Layer,English politician (b.1531)
July–September
[edit]- July 5–Jean Kincaid,Scottish murderer (b.1579)
- July 7–Thomas Lucy,English politician (b.1532)
- July 20–William More,English courtier (b.1520)
- July 27–John Glanville,English politician (b.1542)
- August 5
- Alexander Ruthven,Scottish earl (b.1580)[18]
- John Ruthven, 3rd Earl of Gowrie,Scottish conspirator (b.1577)
- Queen Uiin,Korean royal consort (b.1555)
- August 18–Sebastiano Montelupi,Italian businessman (b.1516)
- August 22–Nicasius de Sille,Dutch diplomat (b.1543)
- August 25–Hosokawa Gracia,Japanese noblewoman (b.1563)
- August 27–Mizuno Tadashige,Japanese nobleman (b.1541)
- September 1–Tadeáš Hájek,Czech physician and astronomer (b.1525)
- September 25–Antoine du Verdier,French politician (b.1544)[19]
- September 26–Claude Le Jeune,French composer (b.1530)[20]
October–December
[edit]- October 12–Luis de Molina,Spanish Jesuit priest and philosopher (b.1535)[21]
- October 16–Nicolaus Reimers,German astronomer (b.1551)
- October 17–Cornelis de Jode,Flemish cartographer, engraver and publisher (b.1568)
- October 21
- Toda Katsushige,Japanese warlord (b.1557)
- Shima Sakon,Japanese samurai (b.1540)
- Shimazu Toyohisa,Japanese samurai (b.1570)
- Ōtani Yoshitsugu,Japanese samurai (b.1558)
- November 3–Richard Hooker,English Anglican theologian (b.1554)
- November 6
- Ishida Mitsunari,Japanese feudal lord (decapitated) (b.1560)
- Konishi Yukinaga,Japanese Christian warlord (b.1555)
- November 8–Natsuka Masaie,Japanese warlord (b.1562)
- November 12–Margrave Andrew of Burgau,German nobleman, Cardinal, Bishop of Constance and Brixen (b.1558)
- November 15–Sigmund Fugger von Kirchberg und Weißenhorn,bishop of Regensburg (b.1542)
- November 17–Kuki Yoshitaka,Japanese naval commander (b.1542)
- November 25–Juan Téllez-Girón, 2nd Duke of Osuna,Spanish duke (b.1559)
- November 30–Nanda Bayin,King of Burma (b.1535)
- December 3–Roger North, 2nd Baron North,English politician (b.1530)
- December 16–Charles I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld(1569–1600) (b.1560)
Full date missing
[edit]- Gilles de Noailles–French Ambassador to the Ottoman Empirefrom 1575 to 1579 (b. 1524)
References
[edit]- Spielvogel, Jackson J.Western Civilization. VolumeII:Since 1500(5th ed.). p. 401.
- ^Annals of Ireland by the Four Masters as translated into English by Owen Connellan,ed. by Michael O'Clery (Irish Genealogical Foundation, 2003) p. 666
- ^abWilliams, Hywel (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History.London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp.238–243.ISBN0-304-35730-8.
- ^Falkland Islands: Report for 1924(His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1926) p. 3
- ^Hilary Gatti (2002).Giordano Bruno: Philosopher of the Renaissance.Ashgate. p. 7.ISBN978-0-7546-0562-1.
- ^""Nicholas Fuller and the Liberties of the Subject ", by Stephen Wright,Journal of Parliamentary History(2006) p.180
- ^"Historical Events for Year 1600 | OnThisDay".Historyorb.Retrieved2018-04-05.
- ^"Hoop".Archeosousmarine. 24 September 2015.Retrieved24 September2015.
- ^John Glenn Paton (1994).Italian Arias of the Baroque and Classical Eras: High.Alfred Music Publishing. p. 10.ISBN978-0-7390-2191-0.
- ^ab( "Dispatch of 23rd October, 1600: On the 20th the two ambassadors from Persia made their entry here; one is an Englishman called, as I understand, he is the principal Ambassador, and the other is a Persian called Assan Halevech; there are about twenty or twenty-five persons with them..." ) contemporary account, quoted inSir Anthony Sherley and His Persian Adventure,ed by Edward D. Ross (RoutledgeCurzon, 2005) p. 23-24
- ^( "Dispatch of November 8th, 1600:" Yesterday these Ambassadors from the King of Persia had had an audience. The Englishman spoke in Spanish, and the substance of that King's offer to His Imperial Majesty was that he would arm against the Turk... ")
- ^"Dionysios the Philosopher, Metropolitan of Larissa",by Georgios Ploumidis, inTa Nea(Athens),August 17, 2000, archived by Archive.org
- ^Pedro Calderón de la Barca (1986).Love is No Laughing Matter.Oxford University Press. p. 7.ISBN978-0-85668-365-7.
- ^The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge.Baker Book House. 1977. p. 135.ISBN978-0-8010-7947-4.
- ^"Grenville, Sir Richard (1600–1659), of Fitzford, nr. Tavistock, Devon".History of Parliament Online.Retrieved21 August2020.
- ^David Mathew (1955).Scotland Under Charles I.Eyre & Spottiswoode. p. 26.ISBN978-7-470-00028-0.
- ^Hans Blumenberg (1985).The Legitimacy of the Modern Age.MIT Press. p. 549.ISBN978-0-262-52105-5.
- ^Virginia Brown; James Hankins; Robert A. Kaster (May 2003).Catalogus Translationum Et Commentariorum: Medieval and Renaissance Latin Translations and Commentaries: Annotated Lists and Guides.CUA Press. p. 168.ISBN978-0-8132-1300-2.
- ^William Oxenham Hewlett (1882).Notes on Dignities in the Peerage of Scotland which are Dormant Or which Have Been Forfeited.Wildy and Sons. p. 135.
- ^Alexander Chalmers (1816).The General Biographical Dictionary Containing an Historical and Critical Account of the Lives and Writings of the Most Eminent Persons.J. Nichols. p. 292.
- ^Encyclopedia of World Biography: Kilpatrick-Louis.Gale Research. 1998. p. 314.ISBN978-0-7876-2549-8.
- ^Diego Alonso-Lasheras SJ (11 April 2011).Luis de Molina's De Iustitia et Iure: Justice as Virtue in an Economic Context.BRILL. p. 14.ISBN978-90-04-20966-4.