1601
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1601 by topic |
|---|
| Arts and science |
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births–Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments–Disestablishments |
| Works category |
| Gregorian calendar | 1601 MDCI |
| Ab urbe condita | 2354 |
| Armenian calendar | 1050 ԹՎ ՌԾ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6351 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1522–1523 |
| Bengali calendar | 1008 |
| Berber calendar | 2551 |
| English Regnal year | 43Eliz. 1– 44Eliz. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2145 |
| Burmese calendar | 963 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7109–7110 |
| Chinese calendar | Canh tửNăm (MetalRat) 4298 or 4091 — to — Tân xấu năm (MetalOx) 4299 or 4092 |
| Coptic calendar | 1317–1318 |
| Discordian calendar | 2767 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1593–1594 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5361–5362 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| -Vikram Samvat | 1657–1658 |
| -Shaka Samvat | 1522–1523 |
| -Kali Yuga | 4701–4702 |
| Holocene calendar | 11601 |
| Igbo calendar | 601–602 |
| Iranian calendar | 979–980 |
| Islamic calendar | 1009–1010 |
| Japanese calendar | Keichō6 ( khánh trường ６ năm ) |
| Javanese calendar | 1521–1522 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 10 days |
| Korean calendar | 3934 |
| Minguo calendar | 311 beforeROC Dân trước 311 năm |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 133 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2143–2144 |
| Tibetan calendar | Dương kim chuột năm (male Iron-Rat) 1727 or 1346 or 574 — to — Âm Kim Ngưu năm (female Iron-Ox) 1728 or 1347 or 575 |
1601(MDCI) was acommon year starting on Mondayof theGregorian calendarand acommon year starting on Thursdayof theJulian calendar,the 1601st year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 601st year of the2nd millennium,the 1st year of the17th century,and the 2nd year of the1600sdecade. As of the start of 1601, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Thisepochis the beginning of the 400-year Gregorian leap-year cycle within which digital files first existed; the last year of any such cycle is the only leap year whose year number is divisible by 100.
January 1of this year (1601-01-01) is used as the base of file dates[1]and of Active Directory Logon dates[2]byMicrosoft Windows.It is also the date from which ANSI dates are counted and were adopted by the American National Standards Institute for use with COBOL and other computer languages. All versions of the Microsoft Windows operating system from Windows 95 onward count units of one hundred nanoseconds from this epoch as a counter having 63 bits until 30828/9/14 02:48:05.4775807.[3]April 1of this year is the earliest possible calendar date inMicrosoft Outlook.[4]
Events[edit]
January–March[edit]
- January 11–Valladolidis briefly the capital ofHabsburg SpainunderPhilip III,before returning indefinitely toMadridin 1606.
- January 17–Treaty of Lyon:FrancegainsBresse,BugeyandGexfromSavoy,cedingSaluzzoin exchange.
- February 8–Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex,longtime favourite of QueenElizabeth I of England,beginsa rebellion against the Queen.The revolt is crushed the next day. The Earl of Essex andHenry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southamptonare arrested and charged with treason. Essex confesses to the plot and then implicates his co-conspirators.[5]
- February 23–Michael the Brave,Prince of Wallachia,arrives inPragueto enlist the assistance ofRudolf II, Holy Roman Emperorin driving Ottoman troops out of Transylvania. Michael leaves on March 5, having received a pledge of Austrian troops to the fight.
- February 25– The Earl of Essex becomes the first of the Essex's Rebellion participants to be executed. He is beheaded atTower Hill.His co-conspirator, the Earl of Southampton, sentenced to death, but Queen Elizabeth commutes his penalty to life imprisonment; Southampton will be released two years later.
- March 5– The treason trial for five secondary participants inEssex's Rebellion—Gelli Meyrick,Henry Cuffe,Christopher Blount,Charles Danvers,and Sir John Davies — is held in London. All five are found guilty. Meyrick and Cuffe are hanged at Tyburn on March 13, and Blount and Danvers are beheaded at Tower Hill on March 18. Davies is allowed to go free.
- March 7– In India, Mughal Empire PrinceDaniyal Mirza,son of theEmperor Akbar,is named the ruler ofKhandesh,after having completed the conquest of the sultanate ofAhmednagar.
- March 24–Sigismund Báthory,who had abdicated asPrince of Transylvaniain 1599, returns as the leader of the invading Polish Army.
April–June[edit]
- April 3– At an assembly of nobles atKolozsvár(now Cluj-Napoca in Romania), Sigismund Báthory is again proclaimed Prince of Transylvania.
- April 22– The first expedition of theEast India Companysets sail from England for theSpice IslandswithJohn Davisas pilot-major.[6]
- May 5– Dutch explorerJoris van Spilbergen,leading three ships of theCompagnie van De Moucheron,departs on his first expedition to Asia, departing fromVeerewith the shipsRam,Schaap,andLam(Ram, Sheep and Lamb). After establishing trade inSri Lanka,Spilbergen and his crew return to the Dutch Republic in 1604.
- May 28–Sekigahara Campaign:Japanese warlordDate Masamuneleads an unsuccessful attempt to takeFukushima Castle.
- June 23
- Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611):TheBattle of Kokenhausenis fought atKokneseinLivonia(nowLatvia) after Swedish troops had invaded the Lithuanian territory). ThePolish hussars,commanded byPrince Krzysztof Radziwill,overwhelm a numerically superior force of Swedish attackers led by GeneralCarl Gyllenhielm,and over 2,000 Swedish soldiers are killed.[7]
- Juan de Oñate,the Spanish colonial administrator in what is now the U.S. state ofNew Mexico,departs fromSan Gabriel de Nuevo Mexicowith 130 Spanish soldiers and 12 priests on an expedition to explore the interior of the area.[8]
July–September[edit]
- July 2– The Spanish expedition ofJuan de Oñatereaches theCanadian Riveron (the feast day of Biblical Mary Magdalena), in what is now Texas.[9]
- July 5– TheSiege of Ostend,which will last more than three years and claims more than 100,000 casualties for both Spain and the Netherlands, begins asAlbert of Austria,Governor General of the Habsburg Netherlands, leads an attack on the Dutch Netherlands fortress atOstend.The Spanish forces eventually triumph on September 20, 1604, albeit in aPyrrhic victorythat will see at least 60,000 soldiers killed, wounded, or dead from disease.[10]
- July 22– GeneralYemişçi Hasan Pashais selected as the newGrand Vizier of the Ottoman Empireby SultanMehmed III,12 days after the death of Grand VizierDamat Ibrahim Pasha.Hasan will only serve 15 months before he being executed on the Sultan's orders on October 4, 1603.
- August 2– The Oñate expedition reaches the Rita Blanco River on the day of the Feast of the Porciuncula and follows it northward into Oklahoma.[9]
- August 3– TheBattle of Guruslăutakes place in Goroszlo in (now Guruslău in Romania), asWallachiantroops led byMichael the BraveandGiorgio Bastadefeat Transylvanian defenders commanded bySigismund Báthory.Wallachia, assisted by Austrian troops from the Holy Roman Empire, retakes thePrincipality of Transylvaniafrom Ottoman rule.
- September 2– A Spanish Navy fleet of 33 ships and 4,432 men, under the command of AdmiralJuan del Águila,departs Portugal after being dispatched toIrelandbyKing Philip III.The Spanish fleet is intended to support an Irish rebellion led byHugh O'Neill, Earl of TyroneandHugh Roe O'Donnellagainst the British.
- September 6–Pope Clement VIIIissues a decree forbidding the publication of anylitany,except that of the saints as found in the liturgical books and theLitany of Loreto.[11]
- September 9– Thesiege of Nagykanizsa,an Ottoman fortress in Hungary, is started byArchduke Ferdinand of Austriaand lasts for more than two months before being abandoned.
- September 11– Queen Elizabeth I summons her 10th, and last, meeting of the English Parliament.
- September 19– The Juan de Oñate expedition of Spanish explorers first encounters the indigenousEscanjaque Indiansin what is now the U.S. state ofKansas.The Escanjaques ask the Spaniards to assist them in a war against a rival tribe, the Rayados. Instead, Oñate befriends the Rayados five days later.[9]
- September 20– Thesiege of Székesfehérvár,an Ottoman occupied Hungarian fortress, is completed by troops of theHoly Roman Empireafter 16 days.[12]The Ottomans will recapture Székesfehérvár a year later.
- September 28– TheEscanjaque Indiansattack Juan de Oñate's Spanish expedition as the Spaniards are returning from their furthest venture east, the Little Arkansas River.[9]
October–December[edit]
- October 2(September 22 O.S.) – A large Spanish fleet, with 6,000 soldiers led byJuan del Águila,lands atKinsaleatCounty CorkinIreland,to assistTyrone's Rebellion.
- October 4–Claudine de Culam,a 16-year-old girl in the French village ofRognon,is hanged after being convicted of "carnal cohabitation with a dog". The dog is hanged along with her.[13]
- October 26–Johannes Kepler,assistant toTycho Brahe,is suddenly promoted to the position of Royal Mathematician of theHoly Roman Empireafter Brahe's sudden death.
- October 27– The10th Parliament of Elizabeth Iis opened by Queen Elizabeth of England. It serves until December 19.
- November 4–Cyril Iis selected as the new leader of the Eastern Orthodox Church asPatriarch of ConstantinopleandGreek Patriarch of Alexandria,succeedingMeletius I Pegas,who died on September 12.
- November 18– Ottoman defenders commanded byTiryaki Hasan Pashasuccessfully resist the Austrian siege of Nagykanizsa.
- December 6– TheBattle of Castlehavenis fought off of the coast of southern Ireland as six Spanish Navy ships led by GeneralPedro de Zubiaurare intercepted by an English fleet of four warships led and commanded bySir Richard Levenson.Two of the Spanish ships are sunk, and the other four are run aground.
- December 19– The10th Parliament of Elizabeth Iis adjourned. Another English Parliament will not be assembled until 1604 when summoned by James I.
- December 24(Julian calendar,used by the English; January 3, 1602, according to theGregorian calendarused by the Irish and Spanish forces in the battle) – TheBattle of Kinsaleends thesiege of Kinsale,Ireland(begun in autumn 1601).
- December 27– TheBattle of Bantamis fought within what is nowIndonesiaoff of the coast of the island ofJava,as Walter Harmensz leads five Dutch Republic galleons in a successful attack against a Portuguese fleet led by André Furtado de Mendonça.
Date unknown[edit]
- Dutchtroops attack thePortugueseinMalacca.
- JesuitMatteo Riccibecomes the first European to enter theForbidden Cityin Beijing, China, being invited by theMing DynastyEmperor.
- A rainy summer in theTsardom of Russiacauses a bad harvest, leading to theRussian famine of 1601–03which kills about two million people.
- Martin Möller is accused ofCrypto-Calvinism.
- Possible first performance ofWilliam Shakespeare's tragedyHamlet,perhaps in springtime.[14][15]
Births[edit]
January–March[edit]
- January 8–Baltasar Gracián y Morales,Spanish prose writer (d.1658)
- January 19–Guido Cagnacci,Italian painter (d.1663)
- February 4–Shi Kefa,ChineseMing Dynastyofficial (d.1645)
- February 21–Carolus Mulerius,Dutch Hispanist (d.1638)
- February 22–Pierre Chanut,French diplomat (d.1662)
- March 7–Johann Michael Moscherosch,German statesman, satirist (d.1669)
- March 19–Alonzo Cano,Spanish painter (d.1667)
- March 20–Henri, Count of Harcourt(d.1666)
- March 22–John Scudamore, 1st Viscount Scudamore,English politician and Viscount (d.1671)
- March 31–Jakov Mikalja,Italian linguist and lexicographer (d.1654)
April–June[edit]
- May –Spencer Compton, 2nd Earl of Northampton(d.1643)
- May 3–Nathaniel Dickinson,American settler (d.1676)
- May 27–Antoine Daniel,Jesuit missionary at Sainte-Marie among the Hurons (d.1648)
- June 5–John Trapp,English theologian (d.1669)
- June 6–Hendrick Bloemaert,Dutch painter (d.1672)
- June 21–Godfrey Henschen,Jesuit hagiographer (d.1681)
- June 23–Anna Maria of Ostfriesland,German noblewoman (d.1634)
- June 26–Dorothea of Saxe-Altenburg,Duchess consort of Saxe-Eisenach (d.1675)
July–September[edit]
- July 17–Emmanuel Maignan,French physicist and theologian (d.1676)
- July 18–Philip I, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe(1640–1681) (d.1681)
- July 20–Robert Wallop,English politician (d.1667)
- July 23–János Szalárdi,Hungarian historian (d.1666)
- July 30
- Anne Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt,Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg by marriage (d.1659)
- Richard Onslow,English MP (d.1664)
- August 9–Matthias Sention, Sr.,Connecticut settler (d.1669)
- August 11–John Evelyn,English politician (d.1685)
- August 15–John Campanius,Swedish Lutheran minister in New Sweden (d.1683)
- August 22–Georges de Scudéry,French novelist, dramatist and poet (d.1667)
- September 13
- Axel Urup,Danish general (d.1671)
- Jan Brueghel the Younger,Flemish painter (d.1678)
- September 22–Anne of Austria,queen ofLouis XIII of Franceand regent of France (d.1666)[16]
- September 27– KingLouis XIII of France(d.1643)[17]
October–December[edit]
- October 7–Florimond de Beaune,French mathematician and jurist (d.1652)
- October 9–Fra Bonaventura Bisi,Italian painter (d.1659)
- October 24–Alvise Contarini,Doge of Venice (d.1684)
- October 25–John Frederick,Lord Mayor of London (d.1685)
- October 26–Jan Reynst,Dutch art collector (d.1646)
- November 3–Henri, Duke of Verneuil,French bishop (d.1682)
- November 14–John Eudes,French missionary (d.1680)
- November 15–Cecco Bravo,Italian painter (d.1661)
- December 25–Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha(1640–1675) and Saxe-Altenburg (1672–1675) (d.1675)
Date unknown[edit]
- William Coddington,first governor of Rhode Island (d.1678)
- Catherine Lepère,French midwife and abortion provider (k.1679)
- Jacques Gaffarel,French librarian and astrologer (d.1681)
- Cornelis Coning,Dutch engraver and mayor of Haarlem (d.1671)
Probable[edit]
- William Brooke, 12th Baron Cobham,English politician (d.1643)
- Adrian Scrope,English regicide (d.1660)
- Rose of Turaida,famous Latvian murder victim (d.1620)
- François Tristan l'Hermite,French dramatist (d.1655)
- Edward Somerset, 2nd Marquess of Worcester(d.1667)
Deaths[edit]
January–March[edit]
- January 11–Scipione Ammirato,Italian historian (b.1531)
- January 17–Christoffer Valkendorff,Danish politician (b.1525)
- January 19–Henry Herbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke,English statesman (b.1538)
- January 29–Louise of Lorraine,French queen consort (b.1553)
- February 7–Martin Garzez,Aragonese-born 53rd Grandmaster of theKnights Hospitaller(b.1526)
- February 25–Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex,English politician (b.1566)[18]
- February 27–Anne Line,English Catholic martyr (b. c.1563)
- March 2–Antonio del Rincón,Mexican academic (b.1566)
- March 13–Henry Cuffe,English politician (b.1563)
April–June[edit]
- April 5–Wolfgang von Dalberg,Roman Catholic Archbishop of Mainz, Germany (b.1538)
- April 10–Mark Alexander Boyd,Scottish poet and soldier of fortune (b.1562)
- May 10–Hans van Steenwinckel the Elder,Flemish/Danish architect, sculptor (b.1550)
- May 12–Anna III, Abbess of Quedlinburg,Princess-Abbess of Quedlinburg (b.1565)
- May 19–Costanzo Porta,Italian composer (b.1528)
- May 21–Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg,Archbishop-Elector of Cologne (b.1547)
- June 11–Françoise d'Orléans-Longueville,French princess (b.1549)
- June 16–Lewis Mordaunt, 3rd Baron Mordaunt,Member of Parliament and High Sheriff of Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire (b.1538)
- June 17–Gabriel Goodman,English priest (b.1528)[19]
- June 24–Henriette of Cleves,Duchess of Nevers, Countess of Rethel (b.1542)
- June 25–Peregrine Bertie, 13th Baron Willoughby de Eresby,English baron (b.1555)
- June 27–Henry Norris, 1st Baron Norreys(b.1525)
July–September[edit]
- August 9– PrinceMichael the Braveof Wallachia (b.1558)
- August 11–Johannes Heurnius,Dutch physician (b.1543)
- August 19–William Lambarde,English antiquarian and politician (b.1536)
- September 7–John Shakespeare,English glover, father ofWilliam Shakespeare(b.1529)
- September 12–Meletius I Pegas,Greek Patriarch of Alexandria (b.1549)
- September 20–Fernando Ruiz de Castro Andrade y Portugal,Grandee of Spain (b.1548)
October–December[edit]
- October 12–Nicholas Brend,English landowner (b.1560)
- October 21–Hoshina Masanao,Japanese daimyō of the Takeda clan (b.1542)
- October 24
- Tycho Brahe,Danish astronomer (b.1546)[20]
- Louis Philip, Count Palatine of Guttenberg,Palatinate-Veldenz (b.1577)
- November 16–Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland,exiled English nobleman (b.1542)
- December 3–Peter Thyraeus,German theologian (b.1546)
- December 17–Bernardino de Cárdenas y Portugal, Duque de Maqueda,Spanish noble (b.1553)
Date unknown[edit]
- Girolamo Dalla Casa,Italian composer
- Ogawa Suketada,Japanese daimyō (b.1549)
- Onodera Shigemichi,Japanese samurai
References[edit]
- ^Microsoft Windowstechnical note on file dates, referencing year 1601
- ^Microsoft Windowstechnical note on file dates, referencing year 1601ArchivedMarch 8, 2009, at theWayback Machine
- ^"Decimal Time.net".
- ^Office-Watch (2019-07-23)."What's the earliest date possible in Outlook?".Office Watch.Retrieved2024-03-13.
- ^P. W. Hasler (1981).The House of Commons, 1558-1603: Members, D-L.History of Parliament Trust. p. 17.ISBN978-0-11-887501-1.
- ^"First Voyage of the English East India Company, in 1601, under the Command of Captain James Lancaster".Retrieved2021-02-08.
- ^Claes-Göran Isacson,Vägen till stormakt - Vasaättens krig( "Road to Power: The war of the Vasa family" ) (Norstedts, 2006)
- ^Richard Flint and Shirley Cushing Flint,The Coronado Expedition: From the Distance of 460 Years(University of New Mexico Press, 2003)
- ^abcdStan Hoig,Came Men on Horses: The Conquistador Expeditions of Francisco Vásquez de Coronado and Don Juan de Oñate(University Press of Colorado, 2013) pp. 221-230
- ^Anna E.C. Simoni,The Ostend Story: Early Tales of the Great Siege and the Mediating Role of Henrick Van Haestens(BRILL, 2021)
- ^"Litany", by Francis Mershman, inThe Catholic Encyclopedia(Robert Appleton Company, 1910)
- ^The Modern Part of an Universal History from the Earliest Account of Time, Vol. XII: History of the Othman Empire(S. Richardson 1759) p. 415
- ^A. F. Niemoller,Bestiality and the Law: A Resume of the Law and Punishments for Bestiality with Typical Cases from Fifteenth Century to the Present(Haldeman-Julius Publications, 1946)
- ^Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992).The Chronology of British History.London: Century Ltd. pp. 166–168.ISBN0-7126-5616-2.
- ^Edwards, Phillip, ed. (1985).Hamlet, Prince of Denmark.New Cambridge Shakespeare. Cambridge University Press. p. 8.ISBN0-521-29366-9.
Any dating of Hamlet must be tentative.
Scholars date its writing as between 1599 and 1601. - ^"Anne of Austria | queen of France".Encyclopedia Britannica.Retrieved29 June2020.
- ^"Louis XIII | king of France".Encyclopedia Britannica.Retrieved9 June2019.
- ^Arthur F. Kinney (1973).Titled Elizabethans: A Directory of Elizabethan State and Church Officers and Knights, with Peers of England, Scotland, and Ireland, 1558-1603.Archon Books. p. 37.ISBN978-0-208-01334-7.
- ^Biographical Register of Christ's College, 1505-1905, and of the Earlier Foundation, God's House, 1448-1505.CUP Archive. 1910. p. 41.
- ^John Robert Christianson (2003).On Tycho's Island: Tycho Brahe, Science, and Culture in the Sixteenth Century.Cambridge University Press. p. 277.ISBN978-0-521-00884-6.