1610s
Appearance
The1610sdecade ran from January 1, 1610, to December 31, 1619.
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Events
1610
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Hudsonbay.png/220px-Hudsonbay.png)
January–March[edit]
- January 6–Nossa Senhora da Graçaincident:A Portuguesecarracksinks near Nagasaki, after fighting Japanese samurai for four nights.
- January 7–Galileo Galileifirst observes the fourGalilean moonsofJupiter:Ganymede,Callisto,EuropaandIo,but is unable to distinguish the latter two until the following day.
- February 24– English courtierThomas Roesets out on an expedition toThe GuianasandAmazon River.
- March 13–Galileo Galilei's treatise on astronomy,Sidereus Nuncius,the first printed scientific record of observations through a telescope, is first published.[1]
- March 22(March 12 O.S.) –Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky,nephew of the Tsar Vasili, liberates Moscow from rebels.[2][3]
April–June[edit]
- April 10– TheTreaty of Brussolis signed betweenCharles Emmanuel I,Duke of Savoy,and a representative ofKing Henry IV of France,at a meeting atBruzolonearTurin.The agreement for France and Savoy to remove Spanish occupiers from Italy, is never carried out because King Henry is assassinated one month later.
- April 20–William Shakespeare's play,The Tragedie of Macbeth,is given its first performance, staged at theGlobe TheatreinLondon.[4]
- May 13– A formal coronation is held forMarie de' Medici,wife of King Henry IV, as Queen Consort of France. King Henry is preparing to depart to Germany to participate in theWar of the Jülich Succession.
- May 14–King Henry IVofFranceis assassinated inParisbyFrançois Ravaillac,a French Catholic activist who resents the Protestant monarch's decision to launch a war against the Catholic Spanish Netherlands. Ravaillac rushes up to a horse-drawn carriage and stabs King Henry in the chest. Henry's 8-year-old son becomes KingLouis XIII,with Henry's widow,Marie de' Medici,governing France as queen regent.
- May 23–Jamestown, Virginia:Acting as temporary Governor,Thomas Gates,along withJohn Rolfe,CaptainRalph Hamor,Sir George Somers, and other survivors from theSea Venture(wrecked atBermuda) arrive at Jamestown; they find that 60 have survived the "starving time" (winter), the fort palisades and gates have been torn down, and empty houses have been used for firewood, in fear of attacks by natives outside the fort area.
- May 24–Jamestown, Virginia:The temporary Governor,Thomas Gates,issuesThe Divine, Moral, and Martial Laws.
- May 27– RegicideFrançois Ravaillacis executed by being pulled apart by horses in thePlace de Grève,Paris.
- June 5– The masqueTethys' Festivalis performed atWhitehall Palaceto celebrate the investiture ofHenry Frederick, Prince of Wales.[5]
- June 7–Jamestown:Temporary GovernorGatesdecides to abandon Jamestown.
- June 8–Jamestown:Temporary Governor Gates' convoy meets the ships of GovernorThomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr(Delaware) atMulberry Island.
- June 10–Jamestown:The convoy of temporary Governor Gates, and the ships of Governor Lord De La Warr, land at Jamestown.
- June 24–Henri Membertou,Grand Chief of Mi'kmaq nation, becomes the first North American aboriginal person to accept baptism into the Christian faith and signs the Concordat of 1610, an agreement with the Roman Catholic Church recognizing the Mi'kmaq as an independent nation.[6]
July–September[edit]
- July 4– (June 24 O.S.);Polish–Russian War–Battle of Klushino:The outnumbered forces of thePolish–Lithuanian Commonwealthdefeat the combinedRussianandSwedisharmies; Polish troops go on to occupyMoscow.[7]
- July 5–John Guysets sail fromBristol,with 39 other colonists, forNewfoundland.
- July 9–Lady Arbella Stuart,a claimant to the throne of England, is imprisoned for clandestinely marryingWilliam Seymour, 2nd Duke of Somerset,another claimant, without royal permission onJune 22.[8]
- July 27(July 17 O.S.) –Vasili Ivanovich Shuisky,who proclaimed himself Tsar of Russia on May 19, 1606, is deposed as theSeven Boyarsremove him from office to select a new ruler.
- July 28–War of the Jülich Succession:TheSiege of Jülich,a walled city within theHoly Roman Empire(now in Germany), is started by a combined force of troops from theDutch Republic,the Kingdom of France and theMargraviate of Brandenburg.
- August 2–Henry Hudsonsails into what is now known asHudson Bay,thinking he has made it through theNorthwest Passageand reached the Pacific Ocean.
- August 9–Anglo-Powhatan Wars:The English launch a major attack on thePaspaheghvillage, capturing and executing the native queen and her children, burning houses and chopping down the corn fields; the subsequent use of the term "Paspahegh" in documents refers to their former territory.
- September 1–Claudio Monteverdi's musical workVespro della Beata Vergine(Vespersforthe Blessed Virgin) is first published, printed in Venice and dedicated toPope Paul V.
- September 2– TheSiege of Jülichends as the Holy Roman Imperial city surrenders toMaurice of Nassau,commander of theDutch Republictroops.
- September 4– TheKingdom of Toungoo(nowMyanmar) is retaken byKing Anaukpetlun of Burma,as rebel leaderNatshinnaungsurrenders the city ofTaungoo.
- September 6– (August 27 O.S.); TheSeven Boyars,the group of seven Russian nobles seeking stability in the troubled nation, vote to haveKing Wladyslaw IV of Polandas Tsar Vladislav of Russia, and invite the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to take over the city.
- September 19–Frederick V,age 14, becomes the newPrince-Electorof theRhineland Palatinate,two days after the death of his father,Frederick IV.
- September 21(September 11 O.S.) – Forces of thePolish-Lithuanian CommonwealthcaptureMoscowand begin occupation of theKremlinfor the next two years.
October–December[edit]
- October 9–Poland,under the command ofHetmanStanisław Żółkiewski,takes control of theKremlinduring thePolish–Russian War.
- October 17– The coronation ofLouis XIII of Francetakes place.[9]
- October 24– TheWar of the Jülich Successionends as theProtestant Union(includingMargraviate of BrandenburgBrandenburg andElectoral Palatinate) and theCatholic League(led by theDuchy of Bavaria) agree to withdraw their forces from Germany and to disband them by year's end.
- November 6– After theParliament of Englandgives King James only £ 100,000 of an agreed to £ 600,000 of debt relief promised in February under theGreat Contract,the King demands the rest of the funds. Parliament is outraged and declares the Contract abandoned on November 9.
- November 8– TheBasque witch trialscome to an end after almost two years. Out of about 7,000 persons accused of witchcraft, only six are condemned to be executed by theSpanish Inquisitionas two men (Domingo de SubildeguiandPetri de Joangorena) and four women (María de Echachute,Graciana Xarra,Maria Baztan de Borda,andMaria de Arburu) are burned at the stake atLogroño.[10]
- November 20– Thecession of Larache,a port inMorocco,takes place asMohammed esh Sheikh el Mamun,Sultan of Morocco, transfers control of the city toSpainin return for. TheMarquis de la Hinojosaaccepts on behalf ofKing Felipe III of Spainin return for Spain's aid to the Sultan's fight against the Sultan's brother,Zidan Abu Maali.Laracheremains under Spanish control for the next 79 years until another sultan retakes it.[11]
- November 26– French astronomersNicolas-Claude Fabri de PeirescandJoseph Gaultiermake the first detailed observations of theOrion Nebula.
- December 18– (December 8 O.S.) English astronomerThomas Harriotbecomes the first person on Earth to observesunspotsthrough a telescope.[12]
- December 19–Pieter Bothbecomes the firstGovernor-general of the Dutch East Indies(now theRepublic of Indonesia), serving until 1614.
- December 20– (December 10 O.S.),John Roberts,a Benedictine monk inWales,is executed five days after being convicted ofhigh treasonfor violating a law against Catholic ministry. He ishanged, drawn and quartered.Roberts will be canonized as a Roman Catholic saint almost 360 years later, on October 25, 1970.
- December 21– (December 11 O.S.) Thesecond False Dmitryis assassinated by aKasimTatarprince,Peter Urusov.After both Dmitry and Urosov have been drinking, Urusov shoots the Tsar Dmitry, then decapitates him.[13]
Date unknown[edit]
- Dr. Bonham's Case,a landmark decision, is decided byEdward Coke,Chief Justice of the Common Pleasof England. Coke affirms the supremacy of thecommon law,which limits the power ofParliamentas well as the king.[14]
- TheManchutribal leaderNurhacibreaks his relations with theMing dynastyof China, at this time under the aloof and growingly negligentWanli Emperor;Nurhaci's line later becomes the emperors of theQing dynasty,which overthrows the short-livedShun dynastyin1644,and the remnants of the Ming throne in1662.
- Publication is completed of theDouay–Rheims Bible(The Holie Bible Faithfully Translated into English), a translation of theBiblefrom the LatinVulgateinto English made by members of theEnglish College, Douai,in the service of theCatholic Church.[15]
- Jakob Böhmeexperiences another inner vision, in which he believes that he further understands the unity of the cosmos, and that he has received a special vocation from God.
- Work starts on theWignacourt Aqueduct,inMalta.
- Santa Fe, New Mexico,capital ofNew Mexico,is founded as capital of Kingdom ofNuevo México.[16]
1611
January–March[edit]
- January 26–Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sullyis forced byQueen regent Marie's Regency Council to resign aschief minister of France.[17]He is replaced by Nicolas de Neufville, seigneur de Villeroy.
- February 27–Sunspotsare observed bytelescope,byFrisianastronomersJohannes FabriciusandDavid Fabricius.Johannes publishes the results of these observations, inDe Maculis in Sole observatisinWittenberg,later this year.[18]Such early discoveries are overlooked, however, and the first sighting is claimed a few months later, byGalileo GalileiandChristoph Scheiner.
- March 4–George Abbotis enthroned asArchbishop of Canterburyin England.[19]
- March 9– Battle of Segaba inBegemder:Yemana Kristos, brother ofEmperor of EthiopiaSusenyos I,ends the rebellion of Melka Sedeq.
- March 19–20– TheMoscow Uprising,an armed rising of the inhabitants ofMoscowin theTsardom of Russiaagainst the militaryPolish–Lithuanian occupation of Moscow(Fall 1610–Fall 1612), results in the occupying forces starting a major fire in the city and the death of 6–7,000 Muscovites.[20]
April–June[edit]
- April 4–Denmark-NorwaydeclareswaronSweden,then capturesKalmar.
- April 7(March 28 O.S.) –False Dmitry III,the third pretender to the Russian throne to claim to be PrinceDmitry of Uglich,son ofIvan the Terrible,arrives atIvangorodand proclaims himself as the Tsar Dmitry Ivanovich I.
- April 28– TheColegio de Nuestra Señora del Santísimo Rosariois established inManila,thePhilippines(later renamed Colegio de Santo Tomas, and later still theUniversity of Santo Tomas).[21]
- April 30– The priest implicated in theAix-en-Provence possessionsin France is executed.
- May 2– TheAuthorized King James Versionof theBibleis published for the first time, printed byRobert BarkerinLondon.
- May 9– At the age of 16,Emperor Go-Mizunoosucceeds his fatherEmperor Go-YōzeiasEmperor of Japan.
- May 11– The first known performance ofWilliam Shakespeare'sThe Winter's Tale,probably new this year, is given at theGlobe TheatreinLondon.[22]
- May–December – EntrepreneurThomas SuttonfoundsCharterhouse School,on the site of the oldCarthusianmonastery inCharterhouse Square,Smithfield, London.
- June 13– TheSiege of Smolenskin Russia by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth succeeds after nearly two years of fighting that started on 29 September 1609. The conquest of the city is made possible by the discovery of a weakness in the walls of the fortress and the detonating of an explosive in a drainage canal.
- June 22– English explorer and sea captainHenry Hudson,his teenage son John, and seven crewmen are set adrift in or nearHudson Bay,after a mutiny on his shipDiscovery.They are never seen again.
July–September[edit]
- July 12– ThePerpetual Edictis proclaimed for the government of theSouthern Netherlands(modern-day Belgium) byArchduke Albert VIIand his wifeIsabella,the joint rulers of the Austrian-controlled nation.
- July 17– The army of the Swedish Empire commanded byJacob De la Gardiecaptures the Russian city of Novgorodafter a nine-day battle. Novgorod will remain Swedish territory for the next eight years.
- August 2–Jamestown's Deputy Governor SirThomas Gatesreturns toVirginiawith 280 people, provisions and cattle on six ships and assumes control, ruling that the fort must be strengthened.
- August 5–Nasuh Pashabecomes the newgrand vizierof theOttoman Empireafter the death ofKuyucu Murad Pasha.
- September 11– Greek Orthodox bishopDionysios Skylosophosleads an army of 700 men in a surprise attack on the city ofYanya(formerly the ancient Greek city of Ioannina) in an attempt to liberate the inhabitants from Ottoman Imperial rule. The Ottoman provincial governor, Osman Pasha, is forced to flee and his home is burned down, but Ottoman troops commanded by Aslan Pasha rout the rebels. Skylosophos is captured on September 14, then tortured to death in public.
October–December[edit]
- October 30– At the age of 16,Gustav II Adolfsucceeds his fatherCharles IXasKing of Sweden.
- November 1– AtWhitehall Palacein London,William Shakespeare's last solo play,The Tempest,is given its earliest reported performance.
- December 2(Keichō16, 10th month, 28th day) – The1611 Sanriku earthquakeof 8.1 magnitude strikes off of the coast ofJapanand causes atsunamithat kills almost 5,000 people in the northern section ofHonshuisland.
- December 5(30 Ramadan 1020 A.H.) – To celebrate the end of the daily fasting of the month ofRamadan,theMughal EmpireArmy commander,Mubariz Khan,hosts the celebration banquet and learns that Pashtun rebel leaderKhwaja Usmanand 250 of his men have evacuatedBokainagar(modern-day Gouripur inBangladesh) during the Mughal Army's holiday observance.
- December – The week-longConquest of Baklaleads to the fall of theChandradwipkingdom and the Mughal annexation of Barisal into theBengal Subah
Date unknown[edit]
- AtJamestown,John Rolfeimportstobaccoseeds from the island ofTrinidad(Nicotiana tabacum); the native tobacco isNicotiana rustica.
- Thomas Dalefounds the city ofHenricuson theJames River,with the assistance of 350 men, a few miles south of present dayRichmond, Virginia.
- Famine in Ethiopiaresulting from crop failure in the north due to weather conditions and the outbreak of a plague.
- Construction begins onNaqsh-e Jahan SquareinIsfahan,Persia.
- Itoh Gofuku,a predecessor ofMatsuzakaya,a famousdepartment store,is founded for the sale of silk inNagoya,Japan.
1612
January–March[edit]
- January 6–Axel OxenstiernabecomesLord High Chancellor of Sweden.He persuades theRiksdag of the Estatesto grant theSwedish nobilitythe right and privilege to hold all higher offices of government.
- January 10–Gustavus Adolphusreplies to Metropolitan Isidor, Odoevskij and the estates ofNovgorod,stating that he himself wishes to assume responsibility for the government of Novgorod and also of all Russians. A number of land grants signed the same day show that the Swedish king has assumed the title ofTsar.[23]
- January 20
- Rudolf II,Holy Roman Emperor,dies and several candidates vie to succeed him, withArchduke Matthiaseventually being elected.[24]
- An uprising led by Dmitry Pozharskybegins in Moscow against occupyingPolishtroops.
- February 11–Battle of Vittsjö:KingGustavus Adolphus of Swedenand 3,000 of his troops are forced to retreat fromDenmark.The 17-year old king almost drowns while attempting to ride his horse across a frozen lake, but is rescued by two other members of his cavalry. The horse is lost.
- March 2– TheFalse Dmitry III,one of three pretenders to the Russian throne who all claim to be sons ofIvan the Terrible,is recognized as Tsar of Russia by theCossacks.
- March 12– At Daulambapur, nearKamalganjin what is now the Indian state ofUttar Pradesh,a battle takes place between 4,500 troops led by GeneralIslam Khan Iof India'sMughal Empire,and 12,000 defenders led by the Afghan warlordKhwaja Usman.The Mughals are almost defeated until Usman is struck in the eye by an arrow fired from a crossbow.
April–June[edit]
- April 10– In England, 12 persons who become known as thePendle witchesallegedly hold acovenat theMalkin TowerinLancashireon Good Friday, after which 10 people die mysteriously.[25]All but two of the accused witches are tried for causing harm by witchcraft on August 18.
- April 11– InLichfield,Edward Wightman,aradical Anabaptist,becomes the last person to beburned at the stakein England as punishment forheresy.[24]
- May 10–Prince Khurram,the 20-year-old son of the Mughal EmperorJahangir,marriesMumtaz Mahalat a ceremony inDelhi.In 1628, Khurram becomes the Emperor Jahan, and later builds theTaj Mahalupon the death of his wife.[26]
- May 25– ASicilian–Neapolitangalley fleetdefeatstheTunisiansat La Goulette after a battle of two days.
- June 13–Archduke Matthias of Austriais formally elected as the newHoly Roman Emperor.[24]
- June 26– The coronation of Matthias as Holy Roman Emperor takes place at theFrankfurt Cathedral.
July–September[edit]
- July 4– (8th wa xing ofWaso974ME) In what is nowMyanmar,Min Khamaungbecomes the newKing of Arakanupon the death of his father, KingMin Razgyi.
- July 22– Four women and one man are hanged following theNorthamptonshire witch trialsin England.
- July 24–Marcantonio Memmois elected as theDogeof theRepublic of Veniceon the first ballot of the Venetian council, winning 38 of the 41 votes. Memmo succeeds the late DogeLeonardo Donato,who died on July 16.
- August 20– TenPendle witchesare hanged, having been found guilty of practising witchcraft inLancashirein England.
- August 26–Battle of Kringen:A Scottish mercenary force is destroyed in Norway.
- September 1–Battle of Moscow (1612):Led by GeneralJan Karol Chodkiewicz,a relief force from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, whose troops had been occupyingMoscowfor two years, make an unsuccessful attempt to break the Russian siege of theKremlin,where GeneralMikolaj Strusand his troops are trapped. Both the Russians (led byDmitry Pozharsky) and the Commonwealth troops suffer at least 1,000 deaths, but the Russians prevail. General Chodkiewicz tries a second attack the next day and fails.
- September 2(August 23 O.S.) – TheLutheran Duchy of Prussia,a fiefdom within Poland, becomes the firstProtestantgovernment to follow the Roman Catholic nations inadopting the Gregorian calendar.
- September 5– England'sEast India Companygets its first warships and establishes the "'Honourable East India Company's Marine'" to protect its freighters. The force develops over the centuries into theRoyal Indian Navyand, after India's independence in 1947, theIndian Navy.
- September 22– Retreating Polish and Lithuanian troops burn the Russian city ofVologdain reprisal for their defeat at Moscow.
October–December[edit]
- October 27– Forces of thePolish-Lithuanian Commonwealth,which had been occupying Moscow for more than two years, surrender unconditionally to Russian militia forces and are allowed to leave after theKremlinis liberated by PrinceDmitry Pozharskyand PrinceKuzma Minin.[27]
- November 20– TheTreaty of Nasuh Pashais signed, between theOttoman Empire(Turkey) and theSafavid EmpireIran), with the Ottomans ceding back land they had captured from the Safavids after 1555, in return for Safavid payment of 200 loads of silk.[28]
- November 30–Battle of Swally:Forces of theEnglish East India CompanyandPortugalengage off the coast of India, resulting in an English victory.[29]
- December 15–Simon Mariusbecomes the first person on Earth to observe theAndromeda Galaxythrough a telescope.
- December 28–Galileo Galileibecomes the first astronomer to observe the planetNeptunewhen inconjunctionwithJupiter.He mistakenly catalogues it as afixed star,because of its extremely slow motion along theecliptic.Neptune will not be truly recognized as a planet until1846,about 234 years later, whenJohann Gottfried Gallefirst sights it in theBerlin Observatory.
Date unknown[edit]
- TheNagoya Castleis completed inJapan.
- TheOkamoto Daihachi incidentin Japan.
- Thomas Shelton's English translation of the first half ofDon Quixoteis published. It is the first translation of the Spanish novel into any language.
1613
January–March[edit]
- January 11– Workers in a sandpit in theDauphinéregion ofFrancediscover the skeleton of what is alleged to be a 30-foot tall man (the remains, it is supposed, of the giantTeutobochus,a legendary Gallic king who fought the Romans).[30]
- January 20– KingJames I of Englandsuccessfully mediates theTreaty of KnäredbetweenDenmarkandSweden.[31]
- February 14–Elizabeth,daughter of KingJames I of England,marriesFrederick V, Elector Palatine.[32]
- February 24– King Anaukpetlun of Burma blockades thePortugueseport at Syriam with 80 warships and 3,000 men, then sets about to tunnel into the city.
- March 3(February 21 O.S.) – An assembly of theRussian EmpireelectsMikhail RomanovTsarofRussia,ending theTime of Troubles.TheHouse of Romanovwill remain a ruling dynasty until1917.
- March 27– The first English child is born inCanadaatCuper's Cove,NewfoundlandtoNicholas Guy.
- March 29
- ExplorerSamuel de Champlainbecomes the first unofficial Governor ofNew Francein Canada.
- Burmese soldiers, tunneling under the walls of the Portuguese colonial fortress atSyriam(now Thanlyin), bring down a section of the walls and sack the city. Portuguese GovernorFilipe de Brito e Nicoteand rebel Burmese GeneralNatshinnaungare captured, and executed by impalement on April 9.
April–June[edit]
- April 13–Samuel ArgallcapturesAlgonquianprincessPocahontasinPassapatanzy, Virginia,to ransom her for some English prisoners held by her father,Chief Powhatan.She is brought toHenricusas a hostage.[33]
- May 12–Mikhail Romanovarrives inMoscowto begin his reign as Tsar of Russia, after having been elected on March 3.
- May 14
- The city ofHanthawaddy(now Bago) is restored as the capital of Burma by King Anaukpetlun, who relocates the government fromAva(now Inwa).
- The ruler of the principality ofMartaban,Binnya Dala, surrenders to the armies of King Anaukpetlun of Burma.
- May 23–War of the Montferrat Succession:The defenders of the Italian city ofNizza Monferratosuccessfully resist a nine-day siege by the troops ofCharles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy.
- May 27– After getting an official proclamation that he is the French Governor ofNew France,explorerSamuel de Champlainbegins exploration of the area westward fromQuebec,traveling along theOttawa River.
- June 28(July 8 N.S.) – FromJamestown,John Rolfemakes the first shipment to England oftobaccogrown in Virginia, dispatching it on the shipThe Elizabeth.[34]The tobacco arrives in England after a voyage of three weeks.
- June 29– Fire destroysLondon's famedGlobe Theatre,during a performance of Shakespeare'sHenry VIII.[35]
July–September[edit]
- July 20(July 30 N.S.) – The first American-grown tobacco, produced in the British colony of Virginia, arrives in England after being dispatched 22 days earlier by John Rolfe.[34]
- July 26–Diego Marín de Negron,the Spanish Governor of Rio de la Plata y Paraguay, is assassinated by poisoning at his palace inBuenos Aires.C. Antonio Zinny,History of the governors of the Argentine provinces from 1810 to the present(Editoriales Huemul, 1941) p.105
- July 28– Gregor Richter, the chief pastor ofGörlitz,denouncesJacob Boehmeas a heretic, in his Sunday sermon.
- August 29– TheSiciliansunder de Aragon defeat the trade fleet of theOttoman Empire,ending theBattle of Cape Corvo.
- September 29– TheNew Riveris opened, to supplyLondonwith drinking water fromHertfordshire.
October–December[edit]
- October 21–Gabriel Bathory,ruler of thePrincipality of Transylvania,is removed from office by vote of the nobles meeting atGyulafehérvár(now Alba Iulia in Romania).[36]: 279 Bathory refuses to vacate the palace at the Transylvanian capital atVárad,(now Oradea in Romania), and is murdered on October 27.[36]
- October 23–Gabriel Bethlenis elected as the new Prince of Transylvania.[37]
- October 28–Keichōembassy:Hasekura Tsunenagadeparts Japan in theDate Maruwith a Japanese diplomatic mission to theHoly See,scheduled to first travel toAcapulcoinNew Spain,with a goal of concluding an agreement betweenTokugawa Ieyasuand theEast India Company,permitting English merchants to live and trade in Japan.
- November 3– English royal favouriteRobert Carris created 1stEarl of Somerset.
- November 30– King Anaukpetlun of Burma sends an army of 4,000 troops to drive the Siamese occupiers from the Tenasserim coast.
- December 26–
- TheDate Maru,carrying the Japanese diplomatic mission commandedHasekura Tsunenaga,reaches North America, sightingCape Mendocinoon the California coast.[38]
- The Earl of SomersetmarriesFrances Howard,following the September 25 annulment of her marriage toRobert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex;the event is the inspiration forJohn Donne'sEclogue.[39]
- December 26– The Burmese Army defeats the Siamese Army atTavoy.The city is now part of Myanmar as Dawei.
- December 27–Mateo Leal de Ayalabecomes the new Governor of Rio de la Plata y Paraguay, covering what will become the nations of Argentina, Chile and Paraguay. He succeedsDiego Marín de Negron,who was poisoned on July 26.
Date unknown[edit]
- Alocustswarmdestroys La Camarque,France.
- Kuwait Cityis founded.
- Sultan Agung of Mataramtakes the throne of the kingdom ofMataraminJava.
- NearJamestown, Virginia,SirThomas Dalestarts a settlement called Bermuda City, which later becomes part ofHopewell, Virginia.
1614
January–March[edit]
- January 22– Led byHasekura Tsunenaga,Japan's trade expedition toNew Spain(now Mexico) arrives on the Mexican coast with 22 samurai, 120 Japanese merchants, sailors and servants, and 40 Spaniards and Portuguese who serve as interpreters.[40]Having reached the Americas after a voyage that began on October 28, the expedition travels toAcapulcoand arrives on January 25.
- January 27– TheNoordsche Compagnieis founded in the Netherlands atVlielandas a cartel in the whaling market.
- February 1– In Japan, the practice ofChristianityis banned and an edict issues for the expulsion of all foreign missionairies.[41][42]
- February 2– Iran's Safavid dynasty Emperor,Abbas the Great,carries out the execution of his oldest son, Crown PrinceMohammad Baqer Mirza,on suspicion that his son is planning to kill him.[43]
- February 14(February 4 O.S.) – KingJames I of Englandissues his proclamationAgainst Private Challenges and Combatsin an effort to end duels.
- February 20–Matthias I,Archduke of Austria, King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia, and Holy Roman Emperor, directs the restoration of Roman Catholic rule toAachen,allowing the Army of Flanders (from the Spanish Netherlands) tolay siege to the German town.
- March 15– Construction begins on theTakada CastleinJapan.
- March 17– TheStates Generalof theRepublic of the Seven United Netherlandsauthorizes an exclusive monopoly for trade in theNew World,providing for the winning company to be able to make four voyages to the eastern coast of North America between 40° N and 45° N, encompassing what are now the U.S. states of New Jersey. TheNew Netherland Companyreceives the exclusive patent, effective January 1, 1615.
April–June[edit]
- April 5(April 15 N.S.)
- Pocahontas,the 17-year-old daughter of ChiefWahunsenacawhof thePowhatanAlgonquian native tribe in what is now the U.S. state of Virginia, is forced into child marriage with English colonistJohn RolfeatJamestown,a year after her capture in war. She is given the name of Rebecca Rolfe and departs with John Rolfe to England in 1616, dying before she can return.
- TheAddled Parliamentis assembled in England as the second parliament of King James I, andthe first in more than nine years.Its members serve for two months without passing any laws.
- The Republic of the Netherlands and the Kingdom of Sweden enter into a treaty atthe Hague.A new parliamentwill not be seated until more than six years later.
- April 30– TheKingdom of Lan Na(in what is now northern Thailand) is invaded by 17,000 troops commanded byKing AnaukpetlunofBurma(nowMyanmar). Lan Na's King Thado Kyaw is unsuccessful in getting assistance from the Kingdom of Siam, and turns to theKingdom of Lan Xang(nowLaos), which provides assistance.
- May 14– An earthquake strikes the Azores islands and levels the village of Vila Franca do Campo.
- May 15– The Queen Regent of France,Marie de' Medici,convenes theEstates Generalto suppress a rebellion byHenri II, Prince of Condé.
- May 17– Battle of Rohatyn: Mutinous "konfederacja" Polish troops are defeated by the Polish Army, led by GeneralStanisław Koniecpolski.
- June 7– TheAddled Parliamentis dissolved by King James.
July–September[edit]
- July 6–Raid of Żejtun:Ottoman forces make a final attempt to conquer the island ofMalta,but are beaten back by theKnights Hospitaller.
- July 16– In reprisal for the attempt of "the False Dmitry",a man who claimed to be the son of Ivan the Terrible, to claim the throne,Tsar Michael Ihas Dmitry's 3-year-old son,Ivan Dmitriyevich,publicly hanged in Moscow.
- August 23– TheUniversity of Groningenis established in theDutch Republic.[44]
- August 24– TheSiege of Aachenbegins as the Spanish Army of Flanders, commanded by Amrogio Spinola, attacks with 15,000 troops. The 600-man defense force from Brandenburg surrenders a few days later.
- September 1– In England,Sir Julius CaesarbecomesMaster of the Rolls.
October–December[edit]
- October 2– AfterLouis XIIIreaches the age of 23, he is given full power as King of France andthe regency of his motheris ended.Queen Regent Marieretains her position as leader of theConseil du Roi,however, and continues to control the French government.
- October 11–Adriaen Blockand a group ofAmsterdammerchants petition theStates General of the Northern Netherlandsfor exclusive trading rights, in the area he explored and named "New Netherland".
- October 13– The secondWar of the Jülich Succession,which flared up a second time in May, comes to an end.
- October 17– On the orders ofAhmed I,Sultan of the Ottoman Empire,Grand VizierNasuh Pashais strangled to death by the chief of the Sultan's bodyguards.
- October 27– TheFrench Estates Generalbegins its last session.[45]The session, with 464 deputiesrepresenting the nobility, the lower and middle classes, and the clergy, closes on February 23, 1615.[46]For the next 175 years, theKingdom of Francewill be governed as anabsolute monarchyuntil the calling of a new Estates General in1789during theFrench Revolution).
- November 12– TheTreaty of Xantenends theWar of the Jülich Succession.[47]
- November 19– Hostilities resulting from an attempt byToyotomi Hideyorito restoreOsaka Castlebegin.Tokugawa Ieyasu,father of theshōgun,is outraged at this act, and leads three thousand men across the Kizu River, destroying the fort there.
- December 4– TheSiege of Osakabegins in Japan.
Date unknown[edit]
- Scottish mathematicianJohn NapierpublishesMirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio(Description of the Admirable Table of Logarithms), outlining his discovery oflogarithms,and incorporating thedecimal mark.AstronomerJohannes Keplersoon begins to employ logarithms, in his description of theSolar System.
- Tisquantum,[48]a Native American of theWampanoag Nation,is kidnapped and enslaved by Thomas Hunt, an English sea captain working with Captain John Smith. Freed in Spain, Tisquantum (a.k.a.Squanto) will travel for five years in Europe and North America, before returning to his home in Plymouth, Massachusetts. Twenty months later, he will be able to teach the Pilgrims[49]the basics of farming and trade in the New World.
- TheFama Fraternitatisis published, the first of three allegoricalRosicrucianmanifestoes in theHoly Roman Empire
- The Duchess of Malfiis performed at the Globe theatre
1615
January–March[edit]
- January 1– TheNew Netherland Companyis granted a three-yearmonopolyinNorth Americantrade, between the40thand45thparallels.
- January 30– Japan's diplomatic mission to Europe, led byHasekura Tsunenaga,meets withKing Philip III of SpainatMadridand presents an offer of a treaty.
- February 2– SirThomas Roesets out to become the first ambassador from the court of theKing of Englandto theMughal EmperorJahangir,[50][51]departing from Tilbury Hope on the shipLyonunder the command of captainChristopher Newport.[52]
- February 17– Japan's envoy to Europe, Hasekura Tsunenaga, receives a Christian baptism by the royal chaplain, Diego de Guzmán, and receives the European name Felipe Francisco Hasekura.[53]
- March 10–John Ogilvie,a Jesuit priest, ishanged and drawnatGlasgow CrossinScotlandfor refusing to pledge allegiance toKing James VI of Scotland;he will becanonisedin 1976, becoming the only post-ReformationScottish saint.
April–June[edit]
- April 21– TheWignacourt Aqueductis inaugurated inMalta.
- May 6– ThePeace of Tyrnauis signed betweenMatthias, Holy Roman Emperor,andGábor Bethlen.[54]
- June 2– The firstRécolletmissionariesarrive atQuebec City,fromRouen,France.
- June 3– The Eastern Army ofTokugawa Ieyasuand the Osaka Army ofToyotomi Hideyoriclash during theBattle of Dōmyōjiand theBattle of Tennōji.
- June 4– Forces under shōgunTokugawa IeyasutakeOsaka CastleinJapan,beginning a period of peace which lasts nearly 250 years. Bands of Christian samurai support Ieyasu's enemies at theBattle of Osaka.
- June 21– ThePeace of Astiis concluded between theSpanish EmpireandSavoy.[55]
July–September[edit]
- July 7– In Japan, theBuke shohatto,a 19-section law setting a standard of conduct for individual warlords (daimyo) and their responsibilities to theTokugawa shogunate,is proclaimed by the shogun Tokugawa Hidetada before the assembled daimyo at Fushimi Castle in Kyoto.[56]
- August 9– Swedish troops led by KingGustavus Adolphusbegin thesiege of the Russian cityofPskov,but fail to take the fortress after 12 weeks. The siege ends on October 27.
- August 20–Alvaro III Nimi a Mpanzubecomes the new ruler of theKingdom of Kongo(located in southwestern Africa in what is now Angola) upon the death of his brother,Bernardo II Nimi a Nkanga.
- August 30– ASpanish treasure fleetof 41 ships is struck in the Gulf of Mexico by a powerful storm that sinks the shipSan Miguel
- September 12–The San Leoncio Day hurricanestrikes the islands of Puerto Rico and Hispaniola.
- September 16–An estimated 7.5 magnitude earthquakestrikesArica(now part ofChilein the Spanish colonialViceroyalty of Peruand collapses the city's fort, but causes no deaths.
- September 17–Los Baños, Laguna,is founded by Spanish colonists onLuzonisland in thePhilippines.
- September 20– Japanese diplomatHasekura Tsunenagaand his entourage become the first officials from Japan to visit Italy, and are received inRomeby Cardinal Burgecio
October–December[edit]
- October 5– TheSpánverjavígin,the last massacre to be carried out in Iceland, begins as 14Basque WhalersfromSpainare murdered atThingeyriwhile sleeping. Another 18 are killed on October 13, including Captain Martín de Villafranca. The 31 had been survivors of a shipwreck on Iceland in September.
- October 27– In Russia, thesiege of Pskovends with the withdrawal of Swedish Army troops. The siege is the last battle of theIngrian War.
- November 3– Japanese diplomatHasekura Tsunenagaand his delegation are received byPope Paul VinRome,and present a request for trade between the Roman Catholic Church and the Japanese shogunate[57]
- November 7– The Portuguese freighterNossa Senhora da Luz,carrying 150 crew and a cargo of Chinese and Burmese goods, sinks in a storm near the Azores.
- November 22–Alexandru Movilăis installed asPrince of Moldaviaby Poland as PrinceȘtefan IX Tomșais driven from the throne.
- November 24–King Louis XIII of FrancemarriesPrincess Ana María Mauricia,the 14-year-old daughter ofKing Philip III of Spain.The two had been legally united in a marriage by proxy on October 18.
- November– TheMughalsunderJahangirlaunch the first offensive againstKajali,a border post of theAhom kingdom.
- December 2– In theVenetian Republic,Giovanni Bembois elected chief executive as the newDoge of Veniceafter the October 31 death ofMarcantonio Memmo.
- December 6– InEngland,John Winthrop,later governor of the futureMassachusetts Bay Colony,marries his second wife (of four), Thomasine Clopton, daughter of William Clopton of Castleins, nearGroton, Suffolk.
- December 18–Francisco de Borja y Aragónbecomes the newViceroy of Peru,a colony of Spain encompassing all ofSpanish language-speakingSouth Americaand what are now the nations of Peru, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
- December 20– TheUskok Warbegins after the ports of the Holy Roman Empire on the Adriatic Sea are blockaded by the Republic of Venice, which has hired English and Dutch mercenaries.
Date unknown[edit]
- Easter – PersianSafavidhordes, led by ShahAbbas the Great,kill all the monks at theDavid Gareja monastery complexinGeorgia,and set fire to its collection of manuscripts and works of art.
- Mary Talbot, Countess of Shrewsbury,is released from theTower of London,in recognition of her role in helping to discover the murder of SirThomas Overbury.
- TheSomers Isles Companyis founded to administerBermuda.
- John Browneis created the firstKing's Gunfounderin England.
- Austrian merchants receive economic privileges in theOttoman Empire.
- The Perse SchoolinCambridge,England, is founded by DrStephen Perse.
- Wilson's SchoolinWallington,near London, is founded by Royal Charter.
- TheGrolsch Breweryis founded inGroenlo,Netherlands.
- Konoike Shinroku opens an office inOsaka,and begins shipping tax-rice from westernJapanto Osaka.
- Johannes KeplerpublishesDissertatio cum Nuncio Sidereo,in response toGalileo's discovery ofJupiter's moons.[58]
- Manuel Dias,a PortugueseJesuit missionary,introduces thetelescopefor the first time inChina,in his bookTian Wen Lüe(Explicatio Sphaerae Coelestis).
- The second volume ofMiguel de Cervantes'sDon Quixote( "El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha" )is published, and is as successful as the first.Don Quixoteeventually becomes the only truly famous work its author ever writes.
1616
January–March[edit]
- January 1– KingJames I of Englandattends themasqueThe Golden Age Restored,a satire byBen Jonsonon fallen court favorite theEarl of Somerset.The king asks for a repeat performance onJanuary 6.[59]
- January 3– In the court ofJames I of England,the king's favoriteGeorge VilliersbecomesMaster of the Horse(encouraging development of thethoroughbredhorse); onApril 24he receives theOrder of the Garter;and onAugust 27is created Viscount Villiers and Baron Waddon, receiving a grant of land valued at £80,000. In1617,he will be madeEarl of Buckingham.After theEarl of Pembroke,he is the second richest nobleman inEngland.
- January 10– EnglishdiplomatSirThomas Roepresents hiscredentialsto theMughal EmperorJahangir,inAjmerFort, opening the door to theBritish presence in India.[60][61]Roe sailed in theLyonunder the command of captainChristopher Newport,best known for his role in theVirginia colonies.
- January 12– The city ofBelém,Brazil is founded on theAmazon Riverdelta, by Portuguese captainFrancisco Caldeira Castelo Branco,who had previously taken the city ofSão LuísinMaranhãofrom the French.
- January 15– After overwintering with theHuron Indians,Samuel de Champlainand Recollect FatherJoseph Le Caronvisit thePetunandOttawa Indiansof theGreat Lakes.This is Champlain's last trip in North America before returning to France. Having secured Canada, he helps createFrench America,New France,orL'Acadie.
- January 29–DutchcaptainWillem Schouten,in theEendracht,rounds the southern tip of South America, and names itKaap Hoorn,after his birthplace inHolland.
- January – 6-year-oldAntónio Vieiraarrives from Portugal with his parents inBahia(modern-daySalvador) inColonial Brazil,where he will become adiplomat,noted author, leading figure of theChurch,and protector of Brazilianindigenous peoples,in an age of intolerance.
- February 1–James I of EnglandgrantsBen Jonsonan annual pension of 100marks,making himde factopoet laureate.[62]
- February 17– Manchurian leaderQing Tai Zu,referred to in the west as "Nurhaci", declares himselfkhanand crowns himself as Emperor of China, founding theLater Jin dynasty.
- February 19– The first recordederuptionofMayon Volcano,thePhilippines' most activevolcano,takes place.[63]
- February 24– A commission ofRoman Catholictheologians, the "Qualifiers," reports that the idea that the Sun is stationary is "foolish and absurd in philosophy, and formally heretical since it explicitly contradicts in many places the sense of Holy Scripture...".
- February 26– AstronomerGalileo Galileiappears before CardinalRoberto Bellarminoand "warned of the error of theCopernicanopinion taught by him ", andenjoinedby the Catholic Church against any attempt to hold, teach or defend the position of Copernicus that the Sun is stationary rather than revolving around the Earth "in any way whatsoever, verbally or in writing."[64]
- February 28– In the aftermath of the1613–1614anti-Jewishpogromcalled theFettmilch uprisinginFrankfurt,Germany, mob leaderVincenz Fettmilchis beheaded, but the Jews, who had been expelled from the city on August 23, 1614, following the plundering of theJudengasse,can return only as a result of direct intervention byHoly Roman EmperorMatthias.After long negotiations, the Jews are left without any compensation for their plundered belongings.
- February– English merchants of theEast India Companycomplain that the great troubles and wars in Japan since their arrival have put them to much pains and charges. Two great cities,Osakaand Sakaii, have been burned to the ground, each one almost as big as London, and not one house left standing, and it is reported above 300,000 men have lost their lives, “yet the old Emperor Ogusho Same hath prevailed and Fidaia Same either been slain or fled secretly away, that no news is to be heard of him.”Jesuits,priests, and friars are banished by the emperor and their churches andmonasteriespulled down; they put the fault on the arrival of the English; it is said if Fidaia Same had prevailed against the emperor, he promised them entrance again, when without doubt all the English would have been driven out of Japan.[65]
- March 5–De revolutionibus orbium coelestium,written byNicolaus Copernicusin1543is placed on theIndex of Forbidden Books,by theCongregation of the Indexof theRoman Catholic Church"until corrected".[66]
- March 11
- Galileo GalileimeetsPope Paul Vin person, to discuss his position as a defender of Copernicus'heliocentrism.The Pope promises Galileo safety from any enemies, and Galileo complies for the next seven years with the injunction against teaching Copernican doctrines.[64]
- EnglishRoman Catholicpriest,Thomas Atkinson,ishanged, drawn, and quarteredatYork,at age 70 (he will bebeatifiedbyPope John Paul IIon November 22, 1987).
- March 19
- SirWalter Ralegh,English explorer of theNew World,is released from prison in theTower of London,where he has been imprisoned for treason, in order to conduct a second (ill-fated) expedition, in search ofEl Doradoin South America.[67]
- The Scornful Lady,a comedy stage play written byFrancis BeaumontandJohn Fletcher,is published.
- March 26–August 30– English explorerWilliam Baffin,as pilot toRobert Byloton theDiscovery,makes a detailed exploration ofBaffin Bay,whilst searching for theNorthwest Passage.[68]The expedition also discoversSmith Sound,Lancaster SoundandDevon Island,and reacheslatitude77° 45' North, a record which holds for 236 years.
- March 31– Mughal EmperorJahangirconfers the title ofNur Jahan('Light of the World') on his 20th wife.[69][70][71]
- March–Action of 1616,La Goulette,Tunisia:A Spanish squadron under Francisco de Ribera defeats a Tunisian fleet.
April–June[edit]
- April 25– SirJohn Coke,in theCourt of King's Bench (England),holds the King's actions in a case ofIn commendamto be illegal.
- May 3– TheTreaty of Loudunis signed, ending a series of rebellions in France.[72]
- May 25– KingJames I of England's former favourite, theEarl of Somerset,and his wifeFrances,are convicted of the murder ofThomas Overburyin1613.They are spared death, and are sentenced to imprisonment in the Tower of London (until1622).[73]Although the King has ordered the investigation of the poet's murder and allowed his former court favorite to be arrested and tried, his court, now under the influence ofGeorge Villiers,gains the reputation of being corrupt and vile. The sale of peerages (beginning in July)[74]and the royal visit of James's brother-in-law,Christian IV of Denmark,a notorious drunkard, add further scandal.
- June 12–Pocahontas(now Rebecca) arrives in England, with her husband,John Rolfe,[75]their one-year-old son,Thomas Rolfe,her half-sister Matachanna (alias Cleopatra) and brother-in-lawTomocomo,theshamanalso known as Uttamatomakkin (having set out in May). TenPowhatanIndiansare brought by SirThomas Dale,the colonial governor, at the request of theVirginia Company,as a fund-raising device. Dale, having been recalled under criticism, writesA True Relation of the State of Virginia, Left by Sir Thomas Dale, Knight, in May last, 1616,in a successful effort to redeem his leadership. Neither Pocahontas or Dale see Virginia again.
July–September[edit]
- July 6– First recorded eruption ofManam Volcano(erupting frequently since), forming a 10-km-wide island in theBismarck Sea,13 km (8.1 mi) off coast ofPapua New Guinea,in the southwestern part of thePacific Ring of Fire.[63]
- July 20– The death ofHugh O'Neill, 2nd Earl of Tyrone,in exile in Rome, ends theFlight of the Earlsfrom Ireland.[76]
- August 8– TheTokugawa shogunate(Bakufu) in Japan forbids foreigners other than Chinese from traveling freely, or trading outside of the ports ofNagasakiandHirado.[77]
- September 15– The first non-aristocratic, free public school in Europe is opened inFrascati,Italy.
October–December[edit]
- October 10–Sakazaki NaomoriofIwamiTsuwano hancommits suicide after failing to kidnapPrincess Sen.
- October 25–Dirk Hartogmakes the second recorded landfall by a European on Australian soil, atDirk Hartog Islandoff the Western Australian coast, and thepewterHartog Plateis left to mark the landfall of the Dutch shipEendracht.[78]
- October
- John Donneis appointed as Reader in Divinity at his oldinn of courtin London,Lincoln's Inn.
- King James's School, KnaresboroughinYorkshireis founded by Dr. Robert Chaloner, and the charter is signed by King James I of England.[79]
- October/November–Ben Jonson's satirical five-act comedy,The Devil is an Ass,is produced at theBlackfriars Theatrein London by theKing's Men,poking fun at contemporary credence in witchcraft andMiddlesexjuries.[80]
- November 4–Prince Charles(15-year-old surviving son ofJames I of EnglandandAnne of Denmark) is invested asPrince of WalesatWhitehallin London, the last such formal investiture until1911.
- November 5– BishopLancelot Andrewespreaches the annualGunpowder Treasonsermon before KingJames I of EnglandatWhitehall,both having been intended victims of the plot.
- November 6–25–Ben Jonson's works are published in a collectedfolioedition (the first of any English playwright).[74][81]
- November 6– Captain William Murray is granted a royalpatent,giving him the sole privilege of importingtobaccoto Scotland for a period of 21 years. Continuing from the reign ofElizabeth I of England,the creation of grants and patents reaches a new highwater mark from1614to1621,during the reign ofJames I of England.
- November 13– Italian artistGuido Reni's famousPietà,commissioned by the Senate ofBologna,is placed on the greater altar of the church of Santa Maria della Pietà.
- November 14– In England, SirEdward Cokeis dismissed asChief Justice of the King's Benchby royal prerogative.
- November 16
- TheTepehuán Revoltbegins in Nueva Vizcaya with the attack of a Spanish wagon train that is on its way to Mexico City. It tests the limits of Spanish andJesuitcolonialism,in western and northwesternDurangoand southernChihuahua,Mexico.[82]
- Marco Antonio de Dominis,Roman CatholicArchbishopof the See of Spalato andPrimateofDalmatia,having run afoul ofPope Paul Vover secular matters relating toVenice,submits to KingJames I of Englandand later becomes Dean of Windsor.
- November 30–Cardinal Richelieu,Armand-Jean du Plessis, is named FrenchSecretary of Stateby young kingLouis XIII.Richelieu will change France into a unified centralised state, able to resist both England and theHabsburg Empire.
- November
- Peter Paul Rubensbegins work on classicaltapestries,when a contract is signed inAntwerpwith cloth dyers Jan Raes and Frans Sweerts in Brussels, and theGenoesemerchant Franco Cattaneo.
- René Descartes,at age 20, graduates incivilandcanon lawat theUniversity of Poitiers,where he becomes disillusioned with books, preferring to seek truths from "le grand livre du monde." His thesis defense may be written in December.
- With small profits to show, theVirginia Companydecides to distribute land inVirginiatoshareholdersaccording to the number of shares owned. Each stockholder can set up a "particular" plantation and pay associated expenses, receiving 100 acres (0.40 km2) of land for each share and 50 acres (200,000 m2) for each person transported (the "headrights" system).
- ScholarRobert Burtonis madevicarofSt Thomas the Martyr's Church, Oxford.[83][84]
- December 10– Anordinanceestablishesparishschools in Scotland. The same act of thePrivy Councilcommends the abolition ofGaelic.
- December 18– A widely reported earthquake occurs inLeipzig,Germany (also datedDecember 22).[85]
- December 22– An Indian youth (called one of "the first fruits of India" ) is baptized with the name "Peter" in London at the St. Dionis Backchurch, in a ceremony attended by theLord Mayor,thePrivy Council,city aldermen, and officials of theHonourable East India Company.Peter thus becomes the first convert to theAnglican Churchin India. He returns to India as a missionary, schooled in English and Latin.[86]
- December 25
- "Father Christmas"is a main character ofChristmas, His Masque,written byBen Jonsonand presented at the court of KingJames I of England.Father Christmas is considered apapistsymbol byPuritans,and later banished from England until theEnglish Restoration.The traditional, comical costume for this jolly figure, as well as regional names, indicate that he is descended from the presenter of themedievalFeast of Fools.
- CaptainNathaniel Courthopereaches thenutmeg-rich island ofRunin theMoluccas,to defend it against theDutch East India Company.A contract with the inhabitants, acceptingJames I of Englandas their sovereign, makes it part of theEnglish colonial empire.[87][88]
- December– In the Middle East, travellerPietro Della Vallemarries Jowaya, daughter of aNestorian Christianfather and anArmenianmother, inBaghdad.The couple then sets off (1617) to find the Shah inIsfahan.
Date unknown[edit]
- Abbas I's Kakhetian and Kartlian campaignsoccur as progressive combats.Abbas I of PersiacapturesTbilisifollowing a conflict with theGeorgiansoldiers and the general populace. After the capture of Tbilisi, Abbas I confronts anOttomanarmy. The battle takes place nearLake Gökçe,and results in aSafavidvictory.
- Oorsprong en voortgang der Nederlandtscher beroerten(Origin and progress of the disturbances in the Netherlands), byJohannes Gysius,is published.[89]
- TheCollegium Musicumis founded inPrague.
- PhysicianAleixo de Abreuis granted a pension of 16,000 reis, for services to the crown inAngolaandBrazil,byPhilip III of Spain,who also appoints him physician of his chamber.
- Ngawang Namgyalarrives inBhutan,having escapedTibet.
- TheSwiss Guardis appointed part of the household guard of KingLouis XIII of France.
- Week-long festivities in honor of the Prince ofUrbano,of theBarberini family,occur inFlorence,Italy.[90]
- Richard Steel and John Crowther complete their journey from Ajmeer in theMughal EmpiretoIspahaninPersia.
- Captain John Smithpublishes his bookA description of New Englandin London. Smith relates one voyage to the coast ofMassachusettsandMaine,in1614,and an attempted voyage in1615,when he was captured by Frenchpiratesand detained for several months before escaping.
- TheNew EnglandIndiansmallpoxorleptospirosisepidemic of 1616–19begins to depopulate the region, killing an estimated 90% of the coastal native peoples.[91][92]
- Aslaveship carriessmallpoxfrom theKingdom of KongotoSalvador,Brazil.[93]
- In England,louse-borneepidemic typhusravages the poor and crowded.
- A fatal disease of cattle, probablyrinderpest,spreads through the Italian provinces ofPadua,Udine,TrevisoandVicenza,introduced most likely fromDalmatiaor Hungary. Great numbers of cattle die in Italy, as they had in previous years (1559,1562,1566,1590,1598) in other European regions whenharvest failurealso drives people to the brink of starvation (for example,1595–97in Germany). The consumption of beef and veal is prohibited, andPope Paul Vissues an edict prohibiting the slaughter of draught oxen that are suitable for plowing. Calves are also not slaughtered for some time afterwards, so that Italy's cattle herds can be replenished.[94]
- At the behest of SirFerdinando Gorges,Dr. Richard Vines, a physician, passes the winter of 1616–17atBiddeford, Maine,at the mouth of theSaco River,that he calls Winter Harbor. This is the site of the earliest permanent settlement in Maine, of which there is a conclusive record. Maine will become an important refuge for religious dissenters persecuted by thePuritans.[95]
- InSpanish Florida,the Cofa Mission at the mouth of theSuwannee Riverdisappears.
- The first Africanslavesare brought toBermuda,an Englishcolony,by Captain George Bargrave to dive forpearls,because of their reputed skill in this activity. Harvesting pearls off the coast proves unsuccessful, and the slaves are put to work planting and harvesting the initial large crops oftobaccoandsugarcane.[96]At the same time, some English refuse to purchase Brazilian sugar because it is produced by slave labour.[97]
- Italiannatural philosopherGiulio Cesare Vaninipublishes a radicallyheterodoxbook in France, after his English interludeDe admirandis naturae reginae deaeque mortalium arcanis,for which he is condemned and forced to flee Paris. For his opinion that the world is eternal and governed by immanent laws, as expressed in this book, he is executed in1619.
- Francesco Albanipaints the ceiling frescoes ofApollo and the Seasons,at the Palazzo Verospi inVia del Corso,for Cardinal Fabrizio Verospi.
- ElizabethanpolymathandalchemistRobert Fluddpublishes his first book,Apologia Compendiaria, Fraternitatem de Rosea Cruce suspicionis… maculis aspersam, veritatis quasi Fluctibus abluens,which was a defense of the ideas of theRosicrucians.[98]
- Johannes Valentinus Andreaeclaims to be the author ofChymische Hochzeit Christiani Rosencreutz Anno 1459published inStrasbourg.
- Witch trials:
- John Cottawrites his influential bookThe Triall of Witch-craft.
- Elizabeth Rutter ishangedas awitchinMiddlesex,England, Agnes Berrye inEnfield,and nine women inLeicesteron the testimony of a raving 13-year-old named John Smith, under theWitchcraft Act 1603.[99]InOrkney,Elspeth Reochis tried. In France Leger (first name unknown) is condemned forwitchcraftonMay 6,Sylvanie de la Plaine is burned at Pays de Labourde as a witch, and inOrléanseighteen witches are killed.
- A secondwitch-huntbreaks out inBiscay,Spain. An Edict of Silence is issued by theInquisition,but the king overturns the Edict, and 300 accused witches are burned alive.
- Latest probable date ofThomas Middletoncomposition ofThe Witch,a tragicomedy that may have entered into the present-day text ofShakespeare'sMacbeth.[100]
- "Drink to me only with thine eyes" comes fromBen Jonson's love poem,To Celia.Jonson's poetic lamentationOn my first Sonneis also from this year.
- Francis de Sales' literary masterpieceTreatise on the Love of Godis published, while he is Bishop ofGeneva.
- Orlando Gibbons' anthemSee, the Word is Incarnateis written.
- Italian naturalist Fabio Colonna states that "tongue stones" (glossopetrae) aresharkteeth, in his treatiseDe glossopetris dissertatio.
- An important English dictionary is published by Dr.John Bullokarwith the titleAn English Expositor:teaching the interpretation of the hardest words used in our language, with sundry explications, descriptions and discourses.
- English mathematicianHenry Briggsgoes toEdinburgh,to showJohn Napierhis efficient method of findinglogarithms,by the continued extraction ofsquare roots.
- Moralist writer John Deacon publishes aquartoentitledTobaccoTortured in the Filthy Fumes of Tobacco Refined(supporting the views ofJames I of England). Deacon writes the same year thatsyphilisis a "Turkished", "Spanished", or "Frenchized" disease that the English contract by "trafficking with the contagious courruptions."
- Fortunio LicetipublishesDe Monstruorum Naturain Italy, which marks the beginning of studies into malformations of theembryo.
- Dutch traders smuggle thecoffeeplant out ofMocha,a port inYemenon theRed Sea,and cultivate it at theAmsterdam Botanical Gardens.The Dutch later introduce it toJava.
- Muhammad Baqir Majlisi,known asAllameh Majlesi,is born in the city ofIsfahan.
- Fort San Diego, inAcapulcoBay, Mexico, is completed by the Spanish as a defence against their erstwhilevassals,the Dutch.[101]
- Anti-Christian persecutions break out inNanjing,China, andNagasaki,Japan. TheJesuit-lead Christian community in Japan at this time is over 3,000,000 strong.
- Master seafarerHenry Mainwaring,Oxfordgraduate and lawyer turned successful Newfoundlandpirate,returns to England, is pardoned after rescuing a Newfoundland trading fleet near Gibraltar, and begins to write a revealing treatise onpiracy.
- The firstThaiembassy to Japan arrives.
- William Harveygives his views on thecirculation of blood,asLumleian Lecturerat theRoyal College of Physicians.It is not until1628that he gives his views in print.
- The Dutch establish their colony ofEssequibo,in the region of theEssequibo River,in northern South America (present-dayGuyana), forsugarandtobaccoproduction. The colony is protected byFort Kyk-Over-Al,now in ruins. The Dutch also map theDelaware Riverin North America.
- TheOttoman Empireattempts landings at the shoreline betweenCádizandLisbon.
- Croatianmathematician Faustus Verantius publishes his bookMachinae novae,a book of mechanical and technological inventions, some of which are applicable to the solutions of hydrological problems, and others concern the construction ofclepsydras,sundials,mills,presses bridges and boats for widely different uses.
- John Speedpublishes an edition of hisAtlasof Britain,with descriptive text in Latin.
- Pierre Vernieris employed, with his father, in making fine-scalemapsof France (Franche-Comtéarea).
- Danishnatural philosopherOle Wormcollects materials that will later be incorporated into hismuseuminCopenhagen.His museum is the nucleus of theUniversity of Copenhagen Zoological Museum.
- Isaac Beeckman,Dutch intellectual and future friend ofRené Descartes,leaves his candle factory inZierikzee,to return toMiddelburgto study medicine.[102]
- InSardinia,the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery of theUniversity of Sassariis founded.
- Gian Lorenzo BerninisculptsBacchanal: A Faun Teased by Children,at the age of 18 years. This work is now in New York, at theMetropolitan Museum of Art.
- TheStates of Hollandset up a commission to advise them on the problem of Jewish residency and worship. One of the members of the commission isHugo Grotius,a highly regarded jurist and one of the most important political thinkers of his day.
- Marie Venier(called Laporte) is the first female actress to appear on the stage in Paris.[103]
- JesuitastronomerChristoph Scheinerbecomes the advisor toArchduke Maximilian,brother ofRudolf II, Holy Roman EmperorinVienna.A lifelong enemy of Galileo, following a dispute over the nature ofsunspots,Scheiner is credited with reopening the 1616 accusations against Galileo in 1633.
- Tommaso Campanella's bookIn Defence of Galileois written.
- Istanbul'sSultan Ahmed Mosque(also known as theBlue Mosque) is completed during the rule ofAhmed I.
- InTunis,themosqueof Youssef Deyis is built. Today it has an octagonalminaretcrowned with a miniature green-tiledpyramidfor a roof.
- Inigo Jonesdesigns theQueen's HouseatGreenwich,near London.[68]
- Ambrose Barlow,recently graduated from the College of Saint Gregory,Douai,France, and the Royal College of Saint Alban inValladolid,Spain, enters theOrder of Saint Benedict.In1641he will be martyred in England.
- John Vaughan, 1st Earl of Carberyis appointed to the post ofcomptroller,in the newly formed household ofPrince Charlesin England; Vaughan later claims that serving the Prince has cost him £20,000.
1617
January–March[edit]
- January 5
- PocahontasandTomocomoof thePowhatanAlgonquiantribe, in the Virginia colony of America, meetKing James I of Englandas his guests, at theBanqueting HouseatWhitehall.[104]
- The Mad Lover,a play byJohn Fletcher,is given its first performance.
- February 27– TheTreaty of Stolbovoends theIngrian WarbetweenSwedenandRussia.Sweden gainsIngriaandKexholm.[105]
- March 4– OnShrove Tuesday,angry rioters burn downLondon'sCockpit Theatrebecause of its increase in the price of admission to its plays. Three rioters are killed when the actors at the theater defend themselves.[106]
- March 7–Francis Baconis appointed asLord Keeper of the Great Sealof England and is designated by King James I to serve as regent during the time that the King of England is away from Westminster to travel to Scotland.
- March 21–Pocahontas(Rebecka Rolfe), daughter of the Chief of thePowhatanAlgonquian tribe in the English colony of Virginia and the wife of English colonistJohn Rolfe,dies ofsmallpoxafter an illness of three days contracted as the couple and their son were preparing to return to America. She is buried atGravesend.[107]
April–June[edit]
- April 14– SecondBattle of Playa Honda:TheSpanishnavy defeats aDutchfleet in thePhilippines.[108]
- April 19– The town ofUusikaupunki(Swedish:Nystad,lit. "New Town" ) was founded by KingGustavus Adolphus of Sweden.[109]
- April 24– Encouraged byCharles d'Albert,seventeen-year-oldLouis XIII,king of France, forces his motherMarie de Medici,who has heldde factopower, into retirement and has her favourite,Concino Concini,assassinated.[110]
- May 13– James VI and I|King James I ofEnglandis escorted bythe Earl of Homeacross the border to return toScotland(where he reigns as King James VI) for the first time since theUnion of the Crowns14 years earlier in 1603. He is given lodging at Home'sDunglass Castle, East Lothian.
- May 22– Portuguese Christian Missionary João Baptista Machado de Távora is killed, becoming the first of the205 Martyrs of Japan.
- May 24– King James VI of Scotland authorizes the Scottish East India Company, led byLord Glencairnto trade to the East Indies, the Levant, Greenland, Muscovy and all other islands in the north, north-west and north-eastern seas. James VI is advised that the authorization is not in conflict with charters granted by him in his capacity as King James I of England to England's East India Company, the Levant Company, and the Muscovy Company.
- May 26–Eliya VIIIbecomes the newPatriarch of the Church of the Eastand leader of theChristians of Mesopotamia.
- May 27– In Germany, the Prince-Bishops of Bamberg, Eichstädt and Würzburg, and the Prince-Provost of Ellwangen, withdraw their states from theCatholic League.
- June 5–Ferdinand II,Archduke of Inner Austria, is electedKing of Bohemia.Ferdinand's forceful Catholic counter-reformation causes great unrest, amongst the Protestants and moderates in Bohemia.
July–September[edit]
- July 1–Willem Schoutenand the crew of the Dutch shipEendrachtreturn to the Netherlands aftersailing around the worldin two years and 17 days, in what is only the fourth circumnavigation of the globe, and the first since 1588. The expedition had departed fromTexelon June 14, 1615 under the command ofJacob Le Maire,who died on December 22, 1616, slightly more than six months before the return to the Netherlands.[111]
- July 29– The secretOñate treatyis signed inViennabetween representatives of KingPhilip III of Spainreached an agreement with the junior Habsburg branch ofArchduke Ferdinand IIof Austria, the heads of two different branches of theHouse of Habsburg.Spain's Ambassador to Austria,Íñigo Vélez de Guevara, 7th Count of Oñatesigns on behalf of King Philip.
- August 4– TheSharp Resolutionis passed in theStates of Holland and West Friesland,authorizing city governments to create their own mercenary armies, thewaardgelders,to maintain public order.
- August 8–King James of England and Scotlandreturns to England after having spent three months in Scotland, arriving atWharton, Cumbria.
- August 24– The "Fruitbearing Society"(Die Fruchtbringende Gesellschaft) of German scholars is founded inWeimar.
- September 1– The weighing ceremony ofJahangiris described by the first English ambassador to the Mughal court,Sir Thomas Roe.[112]
- September 23– ThePeace of Buszais signed, between theOttoman Empireand thePolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
October–December[edit]
- October 9– TheTreaty of Paviais signed betweenSpainand Savoy, under whichSavoyreturnsMonferratotoMantua.[113]
- October 12– The coronation ceremony ofKing Gustav AdolfofSwedentakes place inStockholm,almost six years after he succeeded to the throne.
- November 17– A naval battle between theSiciliansandVenetiansends inconclusively.
- November 22–Mustafa IsucceedsAhmed I,asSultan of the Ottoman Empire.
- December 15–Sir Thomas Roe,a representative of England'sEast India Company,arrives inAhmedabadat India's Mughal Empire, and seeks an audience with the Emperor,Shah Jahan.The Emperor receives Roe in an audience three weeks later, on January 6.
- December 24– An unexpected storm strikes off the coast ofFinnmarkinNorway,sinking 10 ships and drowning at least 40 people. A little more than three years later, Mari Jørgensdatter tells interrogators that she and several other witches caused the storm, prompting theVardø witch trials.
- December 30–Lord Cliftonis imprisoned at theTower of Londonfor threateningFrancis Bacon,Lord High Chancellor of England.Clifton is prosecuted by theStar Chamberon March 17 and eventually commits suicide in Fleet Prison.
Date unknown[edit]
- At least seven women are sentenced todeath by burningforwitchcraft,at theFinspång witch trialin Sweden.
- Giambattista Andreini's playThe Penitent Magdaleneis published inMantua.
- The Book of Swindles,a collection of short stories on fraud in the late Ming dynasty, is published.
1618
January–March[edit]
- January 6
- Jahangir,ruler of theMughal Empirein northernIndia,gives an audience for the first time to a representative of theBritish East India Company,receivingSir Thomas Roeat the capital atAhmedabad.
- Ben Jonson's playPleasure Reconciled to Virtueis given its premiere performance, presented at thePalace of WhitehallinLondon.
- January 28– Rules are established for theŌoku,the section ofEdo Castlethat housed theShōgun'sconsortand hisconcubines.
- February 18–Jeong In-hongbecomes the newChief State Councillor(theYeonguijeong,similar to a Prime Minister) of the Joseon Kingdom in what is now North Korea, after being appointed by theEmperor Gwanghaegun.
- February 26–Osman IIdeposes his uncleMustafa IasOttoman sultan(until1622).
- March 8–Johannes Keplerdiscovers thethird law of planetary motion(after some initial calculations, he soon rejects the idea, but onMay 15confirms the discovery).[114]
April–June[edit]
- April 21– Spanish-born Jesuit missionaryPedro Páezbecomes (probably) the first European to see and describe the source of theBlue NileinEthiopia.[115]
- May 23– TheSecond Defenestration of Prague– Protestant noblemen hold a mock trial, and throw two direct representatives ofFerdinand II of Germany(Imperial Governors) and their scribe out of a window into a pile of manure, exacerbating a low-key rebellion into theBohemian Revolt (1618–1621),precipitating theThirty Years' Warinto armed conflict, and further polarizing Europe on religious grounds.
- June 14– Joris Veseler prints the first Dutch newspaperCourante uyt Italien, Duytslandt, &c.inAmsterdam(approximate date).
July–September[edit]
- July 1–Ferdinand II,a proponent of theCounter-Reformation,is crowned asKing of Hungaryat a meeting of the Bohemian diet atPressburg.
- July 3–Alonso Fajardo de Entenzabecomes the new Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines.
- July 20–Plutoreaches its second most recentaphelion,according to sophisticated mathematical calculations. The next one occurs in1866,and the following one will occur in2113.
- July 31–Lenaert Jacobszoonand the crew of theDutch East India CompanyshipMauritiusbecome the first Europeans to sight what is now the Australian state ofWestern Australia,landing at the North Cape.
- August 29–Johan van OldenbarneveltandHugo Grotiusare imprisoned byMaurice, Prince of Orange.
- September 4– Rodiavalanche:Arock- or snowslide buries theAlpinetown ofPiuro,claiming 2,427 victims.[116][117]
- September 18– Beginning of the 13thBaktun,in theMesoamerican Long Count calendar(12.0.0.0.0).
- September 19– TheSiege of Pilsenbegins as the first major battle of theThirty Years' War,as Bohemian Protestants lay siege to the Bohemian Catholic city and lasts for more than two months.
- September 28– TheBattle of Orynintakes place. Polish and Lithuanian Army forces fail to stop an invasion byCrimean Tatars,who then proceed in burning villages in Lithuania and enslaving residents.
October–December[edit]
- October 9– Residents ofMogilevrevolt againstUniatebishopJosaphat Kuntsevych.
- October 29–Englishadventurer, writer andcourtierSirWalter Raleighis beheaded at thePalace of Westminster,for allegedly conspiringtreasonablyagainstJames I of Englandin1603,following pressure from the Spanish government, over his attack on their settlement on theOrinoco,on his last (1617–18) voyage.
- November 13– TheSynod of Dorthas its first meeting.
- November 21–Pilsen falls to Bohemian Protestantsled byErnst von Mansfeldafter more than two months of deprivation of food.
- December 11–RussiaandPolandsign theTruce of Deulino.
Date unknown[edit]
- The margraves ofBrandenburgare grantedPolishapproval to inherit theDuchy of Prussia,creating the state ofBrandenburg-Prussia.
- The 3,000 seatTeatro Farnese,the first permanentprosceniumtheatre, is built into the Great Hall of the Palazzo della Pilotta inParma,Italy.
- TheMing Chineseembassyof theWanli Emperorpresentsteato the Russiantsar.
1619
January– March[edit]
- January 12–James I of England'sBanqueting House, Whitehallin London is destroyed by fire.[118]Inigo Jonesis commissioned to design a replacement.
- February 14–Earthquakeflattens the town ofTrujillo, Peru,killing hundreds in the town and causing landslides in the surrounding countryside killing hundreds more.[119]
- March 20–Matthias, Holy Roman Emperordies, leaving the Holy Roman Empire without an official leader, to deal with theBohemian Revolt.
April–June[edit]
- April 18–Battle of Sarhu:ManchuleaderNurhaciis victorious over theMingforces.[120]
- May 8– TheSynod of Dorthas its final meeting.
- May 13
- DutchstatesmanJohan van Oldenbarneveltis executed inThe Hague,after having been convicted oftreason.
- Anne of Denmark,queen consort of England, isburiedatWestminster Abbey.[121]
- May 30–Jan Pieterszoon Coen,Governor General of the Dutch East Indies, conquersJayakarta,and renames itBatavia.
- June 10–Thirty Years' War–Battle of Sablat:Protestant forces are defeated.[122]
- June 21–Dulwich Collegefounded byEdward Alleyn,inDulwich,London.[123]
July–September[edit]
- July 30– InJamestown, Virginia,the first English-speaking representative assembly in the Americas, theVirginia General Assembly(later namedHouse of Burgesses), convenes for the first time.[124]
- August 5–Thirty Years' War:Battle of Věstonice–Bohemianforces defeat the Austrians.
- August 10– TheTreaty of Angoulêmeends the civil war betweenLouis XIII of Franceand his mother,Marie de' Medici.
- August 20– Agroup "twenty and odd" enslaved Africans,onboard theprivateershipWhite Lion(the first in the state of Virginia), are landed atPoint Comfortincolonial Virginia.[125][126]
- August 26–Frederick V of the Palatinateis electedKing of Bohemiaby the states of the Bohemian Confederacy.
- August 28–Ferdinand II,Archduke of Austria and King of Bohemia, is electedHoly Roman Emperorunanimously by theprince-electors.
- September 5– In the course of a revolt against the Habsburg Empire, PrinceGabriel BethlenofTransylvania(now in Romania) conquersKassa(now Košice in Slovakia) with the help ofGeorge I Rákóczi.
- September 7–Gaj Singh Rathorebecomes the new Raja ofMarwar(within the Mughal Empire) atJodhpurin what is now the Indian state of Rajasthan, succeeding his father,Sur Singh.
- September 9– The coronation of Ferdinand II takes place in Vienna.
- September 18(7 Thout 1336 on theCoptic calendar) – Abba Yoannis El-Mallawany of Egypt becomes the new head of the Coptic Christian Church asPope John XV of Alexandriasucceeding the latePope Mark V,who died on September 11.
October–December[edit]
- October 8–Thirty Years' War– TheTreaty of Munichis signed by Ferdinand II andMaximilian I, Elector of Bavaria.[127]
- November 10– While stationed along the Danube river with Bavarian troops,René Descartes,according to his biographerAdrien Baillet,has a series of dreams giving him the idea of applying the mathematical method to philosophy.
- November 16–William Parker School,Hastings,England, is founded by the will of Reverend William Parker.
- November 23–Thirty Years' War–Battle of Humenné:PolishLisowczycytroops assist the Holy Roman Emperor by defeating a Transylvanian force, forcingGabor Bethlento raise his siege ofVienna.
- December 4– Thirty-eightcolonistsfromEnglanddisembark inBerkeley Hundred,Virginiafrom theMargaretof Bristol and have a day of celebration to give thanks toGod,in what is considered by some historians to be the firstThanksgivingin the Americas.
Date unknown[edit]
- Jahangirgrants a British mission important commercial concessions atSurat,on the west coast of India.
- Salé Roversdeclare the port ofSaléon theBarbary Coastto be theRepublic of Salé,independent of theSultan of Morocco,with the Dutch-borncorsairJan Janszoonas president.
- The Danish–Dutchwhalingsettlement ofSmeerenburgis founded inSvalbard.
- An expedition inSri Lanka,led byFilipe de Oliveira,deposes and executes the last Jaffna king (Cankili II), putting an end to theJaffna Kingdom.
- A Spanish expeditionsails aroundTierra del Fuego,mapping the coast and discovering theDiego Ramírez Islands.
Births
1610
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Pope_Alexander_VIII%2C_Giovanni_Battista_Gaulli_%281690%29.jpg/110px-Pope_Alexander_VIII%2C_Giovanni_Battista_Gaulli_%281690%29.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portrait_of_Hendrick_Martensz._Sorgh_001.jpg/110px-Portrait_of_Hendrick_Martensz._Sorgh_001.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/SOJ_Saint_Gabriel-Lallemant.jpg/110px-SOJ_Saint_Gabriel-Lallemant.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Jaqkob_Kettler_k.jpg/110px-Jaqkob_Kettler_k.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Frans_Hals%2C_Adriaen_van_Ostade%2C_c._1645_alt._1648.jpg/110px-Frans_Hals%2C_Adriaen_van_Ostade%2C_c._1645_alt._1648.jpg)
- January 9–George Wilde,Irish bishop (d.1665)
- January 10–Louis Maimbourg,French Jesuit historian (d.1686)
- January 12–Reinhold Curicke,jurist and historian fromDanzig(d.1667)
- January 13–Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria,Electress of Bavaria (d.1665)
- January 21–Elizabeth Fones,American settler (d.1673)
- January 26–Henry Hildyard,English Member of Parliament (d.1674)
- February 2
- Francisco Ignacio Alcina,Jesuit missionary and historian (d.1674)
- Pierre Bourdelot,French physician (d.1685)
- Edmund Weaver,English politician (d.1672)
- February 11–Salomon Idler,German inventor (d.1669)
- February 13–Jean de Labadie,French pietist (d.1674)
- February 14–Solomon Swale,English politician (d.1678)
- March 3–Pierre Dupuis,French painter (d.1682)
- March 4(bapt.) –William Dobson,English portraitist and painter (d.1646)
- March 14
- Frederick Cornwallis, 1st Baron Cornwallis,English politician (d.1662)
- Simon Louis, Count of Lippe-Detmolt (1627–1636) (d.1636)
- April 22–Pope Alexander VIII(d.1691)[128]
- May 12–Arent Berntsen,Norwegian statistician (d.1680)
- May 17–Joseph Poncet,French missionary (d.1675)
- May 18–Stefano della Bella,Italian printmaker (d.1664)
- June 1–Hendrik Martenszoon Sorgh,Dutch painter (d.1670)
- June 17–Birgitte Thott,Danish scholar, writer and translator (b.1662)
- June 24–Thomas Hales,Connecticut settler (d.1679)
- July 2–Francis Browne, 3rd Viscount Montaguin the Peerage of England (d.1682)
- July 6–Hugh Forth,English politician (d.1676)
- July 8(bapt.)–Richard Deane,English military commander and regicide (d.1653)
- July 11–William Widdrington, 1st Baron Widdrington,English landowner, politician (d.1651)
- July 14–Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany(d.1670)
- July 18–Antonio de Solís y Ribadeneyra,Spanish dramatist and historian (d.1686)
- July 28(bapt.)–Henry Glapthorne,English dramatist (d. c.1643)
- July 30–Lorens von der Linde,Swedish field marshal (d.1670)
- August 2–Edward Master,English politician (d.1691)
- August 4–Cornelis Evertsen the Elder,Dutch admiral (d.1666)
- August 23–Susanna Margarete of Anhalt-Dessau,Princess of Anhalt-Dessau (d.1663)
- September 4–Giovanni Andrea Sirani,Italian painter (d.1670)
- September 6
- Francesco I d'Este, Duke of Modena,Italian noble (d.1658)
- Luke Robinson,English politician (d.1669)
- David Wemyss, 2nd Earl of Wemyss,Scottish earl (d.1679)
- September 10–Sir Edward Seymour, 3rd Baronet,Member of Parliament (d.1688)
- September 24–Huang Zongxi,Chinese political theorist, philosopher, naturalist, writer and soldier (d.1695)
- September 28–Henry Hastings, 1st Baron Loughborough,English Royalist army commander in the English Civil War (d.1666)
- September 29–Gabriel Druillettes,French missionary (d.1681)
- October 3–Gabriel Lalemant,Jesuit missionary in New France, beginning in 1646 (d.1649)
- October 6–Charles de Sainte-Maure, duc de Montausier,French soldier, the governor of the Louis (d.1690)
- October 19–James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde,Anglo-Irish statesman and soldier (d.1688)
- October 28–Jacob Kettler,German noble (d.1682)
- November 8–Pietro Vidoni,Italian Catholic cardinal (d.1681)
- November 20–Henry Heyman,English politician (d.1658)
- November 22–Duchess Marie Elisabeth of Saxony(d.1684)
- November 28–Augustine Warner,Virginia planter, politician (d.1674)
- December 9–Baldassare Ferri,Italiancastratosinger (d.1680)
- December 10–Adriaen van Ostade,Dutch painter (d.1685)
- December 15–David Teniers the Younger,Flemish artist born in Antwerp (d.1690)
- December 18–Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange,French philologist and historian (d.1688)
- December 25
- David Christiani,German mathematician and philosopher (d.1688)
- Charles Howard, 3rd Earl of Nottingham,son of Charles Howard (d.1681)
- December 28–Basil of Ostrog,Serbian Orthodox bishop venerated as Saint Vasilije (d.1671)
- Dirck Rembrantsz van Nierop,Dutch astronomer and cartographer (d.1682)
- Maria Cunitz,Silesian astronomer (d.1664)
- Li Yu,Chinese writer (d.1680)
- François Eudes de Mézeray,French historian (d.1683)
- Karin Thomasdotter,Finnish official (d.1697)
- Emmanuel Tzanes,Greek painter (d.1690)
- Marie Meurdrac,French chemist and alchemist (d.1680)
- Leonora Duarte,Flemish composer and musician (d.1678)
- George Carteret,Jersey-born English Royalist statesman (d.1680)
- Jeremias de Dekker,Dutch poet (d.1666)
- Abraham Duquesne,French naval officer (d.1688)
- Jin Shengtan,Chinese editor (d.1661)
1611
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/John_Pell.jpg/110px-John_Pell.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/William_Cartwright.jpg/110px-William_Cartwright.jpg)
- January 3–James Harrington,English political theorist of classical republicanism (d.1677)
- January 5–Tsarevich Ivan Dmitriyevich,pretender to the Russian throne (k.1614)
- January 28–Johannes Hevelius,Polish astronomer (d.1687)[129]
- February 2–Ulrik of Denmark,Danish prince-bishop (d.1633)
- February 3–Christian Ulrik Gyldenløve,Danish diplomat and military officer (d.1640)
- February 5(bapt.)–Philip Sherman,English-born founder of Rhode Island (d.1687)
- February 6–Chongzhen Emperorof China (d.1644)
- February 19–Andries de Graeff,Dutch politician (d.1678)
- February 24?(bapt. March 4) –William Dobson,English portrait painter (d.1646)
- February 28–William Brereton, 2nd Baron Brereton,English politician (d.1664)
- March 1–John Pell,English mathematician (d.1685)
- March 9–Pierre-Joseph-Marie Chaumonot,French missionary (d.1693)
- March 15–Jan Fyt,Flemish Baroque painter (d.1661)
- March 17–Robert Douglas, Count of Skenninge,Swedish field marshal (d.1662)
- March 25–Evliya Çelebi,Ottoman Turk, travels around the Ottoman Empire for 40 years (d.1682)
- March 28
- Magdalena Elisabeth of Hanau,German noblewoman (d.1687)
- Henry Sherburne,American colonist (d.1680)
- April 11–Karl Eusebius, Prince of Liechtenstein(d.1684)
- April 17–Simone Pignoni,Italian painter (d.1698)
- May 4–Carlo Rainaldi,Italian architect (d.1691)
- May 16–Pope Innocent XI(d.1689)[130]
- May 19–Joachim Irgens von Westervick,Dano–Norwegian noble (d.1675)
- June 15–Salomon Sweers,Dutch businessman (d.1674)
- June 22–Pablo Bruna,blind Spanish composer and organist (d.1679)
- June 24–Johan Oxenstierna,Swedish count and statesman (d.1657)
- June 28–Robert Rich, 3rd Earl of Warwick,English noble (d.1659)
- July 15–Jai Singh I,Maharaja of Jaipur (d.1667)
- July 16–Cecilia Renata of Austria,queen consort of Poland (d.1644)
- July 21–Jan van Balen,Flemish painter (d.1654)
- July 23–Henry Hungerford,English politician (d.1673)
- July 24–Giancarlo de' Medici,Italian Catholic cardinal (d.1663)
- August 4–Jan van den Hoecke,Dutch painter (d.1651)
- August 9–Henry of Nassau-Siegen,German count, officer in the Dutch Army, diplomat for the Dutch Republic (d.1652)
- September 1–William Cartwright,English dramatist (d.1643)
- September 3–Toussaint Rose,French writer (d.1701)
- September 4–George III of Brieg,Duke of Brzeg (1633–1664) (d.1664)
- September 8–Johann Friedrich Gronovius,German classical scholar (d.1671)
- September 11–Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne(d.1675)[131]
- September 17–Johann Olearius,German hymnwriter (d.1684)
- October 1–Mathias Balen,Dutch writer (d.1691)
- October 11
- Samuel Enys,English politician (d.1697)
- Hugues de Lionne,French statesman (d.1671)
- October 22–Jacques Esprit,French writer (d.1677)
- October 26
- Ove Bjelke,Norwegian civil servant (d.1674)
- Antonio Coello,Spanish dramatist and poet (d.1652)
- November 1
- François-Marie, comte de Broglie,French soldier and commander in the Thirty Years' War (d.1656)
- Walter J. Johnson,English explorer and fur trader (d.1703)
- November 12–Joachim Gersdorff,Danish politician (d.1661)
- November 18–Andreas Tscherning,German poet (d.1659)
- December 23–Abraham Wright,English theological writer and deacon (d.1690)
- December–Leonora Baroni,Italian singer (d.1670)
- Diego Quispe Tito,Peruvianpainter (d.1681)
- Charles de Batz-Castelmore d'Artagnan,French count and musketeer, on whom the fictional character from the novelThe Three Musketeersis based (d.1673)
1612
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Thomas_Killigrew_by_Sir_Anthony_Van_Dyck_cropped.jpg/110px-Thomas_Killigrew_by_Sir_Anthony_Van_Dyck_cropped.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Mola_Autoritratto.jpg/110px-Mola_Autoritratto.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Jan_Meyssens_by_his_son_Cornelis.jpg/110px-Jan_Meyssens_by_his_son_Cornelis.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Portrait_of_Margherita_de%27_Medici%2C_c._1628%2C_Oil_on_canvas%2C_187_x_115_cm%2C_Galleria_Palatina_%28Palazzo_Pitti%29%2C_Florence.jpg/110px-Portrait_of_Margherita_de%27_Medici%2C_c._1628%2C_Oil_on_canvas%2C_187_x_115_cm%2C_Galleria_Palatina_%28Palazzo_Pitti%29%2C_Florence.jpg)
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- January 17–Thomas Fairfax,English Civil War general (d.1671)[132]
- January 21–Henry Casimir I of Nassau-Dietz,Stadtholder of Groningen, Friesland and Drenthe (d.1640)
- January 22–Daniel Zwicker,German physician (d.1678)
- January 23–George FitzGerald, 16th Earl of Kildare,Irish earl (d.1660)
- February 1–William West,English politician (d.1670)
- February 2–Thomas Wentworth, 5th Baron Wentworth,English baron and politician (d.1665)
- February 4–Arthur Spry,English politician (d.1685)
- February 5–Crown Prince Sohyeon,Korean crown prince (d.1645)
- February 6–Antoine Arnauld,French theologian (d.1694)
- February 7–Thomas Killigrew,English dramatist and theatre manager (d.1683)[133]
- February 9–Pier Francesco Mola,Italian painter of the High Baroque (d.1666)
- February 15–Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve,French military officer, founder of Montreal in New France (d.1676)
- February 20–Richard Olmsted,Connecticut settler (d.1687)
- February 21–Lorenzo Imperiali,Italian cardinal (d.1673)
- February 22(bapt.)–George Digby, 2nd Earl of Bristol,English statesman (d.1677)
- March 20–Anne Bradstreet,née Dudley, English-born American Puritan poet (d.1672)
- April 6–James Stewart, 1st Duke of Richmond(d.1655)
- April 10–Francesco Lorenzo Brancati di Lauria,Italian Catholic cardinal (d.1693)
- April 12–Simone Cantarini,Italian painter and engraver (d.1648)
- April 28–Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parmaand Piacenza from 1622 to 1646 (d.1646)
- May 6–François-Joseph Bressani,Italian missionary (d.1672)
- May 10–Francesco Palliola,Italian Servant of God (d.1648)
- May 12–Laurence Womock,English Bishop of St David's (d.1687)
- May 17
- Matthew Babington,English politician (d.1669)
- Joannes Meyssens,Flemish painter (d.1670)
- May 26–Raja Wodeyar II,King of Mysore (d.1638)
- May 31–Margherita de' Medici,Italian noble (d.1679)
- June 1–Frans Post,Dutch painter (d.1680)
- June 23–André Tacquet,Brabantian mathematician, Jesuit priest (d.1660)
- June 25–John Albert Vasa,Polish bishop (d.1634)
- June 29–Sir William Bowyer, 1st Baronet,English politician (d.1679)
- July 23–Christian Lupus,Flemish historian (d.1681)
- July 27–Murad IV,Ottoman Sultan(d.1640)
- August 2–Saskia van Uylenburgh,wife of painter Rembrandt van Rijn (d.1642)
- August 10–Charles de Grimaldi-Régusse,French aristocrat (d.1687)
- August 12–Allart Pieter van Jongestall,Dutch jurist, politician, and diplomat (d.1676)
- August 17–Jeremi Wiśniowiecki,Polish nobleman (d.1651)
- August 23–Francis Lascelles,English politician (d.1667)
- August 28–Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn,Dutch scholar (d.1653)
- September 1–Nicolas Chorier,French historian, lawyer and writer (d.1692)
- September 24–William Gawdy,English politician (d.1669)
- October 6
- Claude Françoise de Lorraine,Princess of Lorraine (d.1648)
- Louis Maracci,Italian priest (d.1700)
- October 14
- Pierre Bailloquet,French missionary (d.1692)
- Thomas Fitch,Connecticut settler (d.1704)
- October 18–John Eliot,English politician (d.1685)
- October 19–Nicolas Chaperon,French painter (d.1656)
- October 20–Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Burlington,Anglo-Irish nobleman, Lord High Treasurer of Ireland, Cavalier (d.1698)
- October 23–Henry Lingen,English politician (d.1662)
- October 25–James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose,Scottish soldier (d.1650)
- October 26–Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester(d.1658)
- October 27–Margravine Magdalene Sibylle of Brandenburg-Bayreuth,Electress of Saxony by marriage (1656–1680) (d.1687)
- October 30–Paul Würtz,Swedish general (d.1676)
- November 7–Pierre Mignard,French painter (d.1695)
- November 11
- Jean Garnier,French historian (d.1681)
- August Philipp, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck,Danish-German prince and member of the House of Oldenburg (d.1675)
- Richard Sherlock,English priest (d.1689)
- November 17–Dorgon,Chinese Manchu prince (d.1650)
- November 28–Sir Thomas Whitmore, 1st Baronet,English politician and Baronet (d.1653)
- December 2–David Ryckaert III,Flemish painter (d.1661)
1613
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Mattia_preti.jpg/110px-Mattia_preti.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Stjepan_Gradic.jpg/110px-Stjepan_Gradic.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Andre-Le-Nostre1.jpg/110px-Andre-Le-Nostre1.jpg)
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![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Claude_Perrault_grav%C3%A9_par_Edelinck_apr%C3%A8s_Vercelin_-_Gallica_%28oval%29.jpg/110px-Claude_Perrault_grav%C3%A9_par_Edelinck_apr%C3%A8s_Vercelin_-_Gallica_%28oval%29.jpg)
- January 14–Pier Martire Armani,Italian painter (d.1699)
- January 15–Giovanni Pietro Bellori,Italian art historian (d.1696)
- January 21–George Gillespie,Scottish theologian (d.1648)
- February 2
- Noël Chabanel,French Jesuit missionary at Sainte-Marie among the Hurons (d.1649)
- William Thomas,Welsh Anglican bishop (d.1689)
- February 7–Johannes Musaeus,German theologian (d.1681)
- February 24–Mattia Preti,Italian painter (d.1699)
- February 28–John Pearson,English theologian and scholar (d.1686)
- March 6
- Stjepan Gradić,Croatian philosopher and scientist (d.1683)
- Anna Moroni,Italian educator (d.1675)
- March 11–Francesco Caetani, 8th Duke of Sermoneta,Governor of the Duchy of Milan (d.1683)
- March 12–André Le Nôtre,French landscape and garden designer (d.1700)[134]
- March 19–John Swinfen,English politician (d.1694)
- March 24–Antonia of Württemberg,princess, literary figure, patron and Christian Kabbalist (d.1679)
- March 28–Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang,concubine of Qing dynasty ruler Hong Taiji (d.1688)[135]
- March 29–Louis-Isaac Lemaistre de Sacy,French Bible translator (d.1684)
- April 1
- Giulio Bartolocci,Italian Biblical scholar (d.1687)
- Charles de Saint-Évremond,French soldier and writer (d.1703)
- April 7–Gerrit Dou,Dutch painter (d.1675)
- April 18–Philip Wharton, 4th Baron Wharton,English soldier (d.1696)
- April 21–Franciscus Plante,Dutch painter, chaplain (d.1690)
- April 29–Christoph Bach,German musician (d.1661)
- May 9–Mattias de' Medici,Italian noble (d.1667)
- May 10–François Chauveau,French painter (d.1676)
- May 15–George Seton, Lord Seton,Scottish noble (d.1648)
- May 31–John George II, Elector of Saxony(1656–1680) (d.1680)
- June 1–William Wirich, Count of Daun-Falkenstein,German nobleman (d.1682)
- June 13–Johann Ernst, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg(1641–1642) (d.1642)
- June 16–John Cleveland,English poet (d.1658)
- July 15–Gu Yanwu,Chinese philologist and geographer (d.1682)
- July 16–Alderano Cybo,Catholic cardinal (d.1700)
- August 7–William Frederick, Prince of Nassau-Dietz,Dutch stadtholder (d.1664)
- August 15–Gilles Ménage,French scholar (d.1692)
- August 18–Sir Thomas Peyton, 2nd Baronet,English politician (d.1684)
- August 20–Duchess Elisabeth Sophie of Mecklenburg,German poet composer and (by marriage) Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg (d.1676)
- August 24–Bartholomew Holzhauser,German priest, founder of a religious community, visionary, writer of prophecies (d.1658)
- August 29–John Jolliffe,English politician and businessman (d.1680)
- September 8–Henri Albert de La Grange d'Arquien,Catholic cardinal (d.1707)
- September 15–François de La Rochefoucauld,French writer (d.1680)[136]
- September 19–Sir John Norwich, 1st Baronet,English Member of Parliament (d.1661)
- September 25–Claude Perrault,French architect (d.1688)
- October 3–Marion Delorme,French courtesan known for her relationships with the important men of her time (d.1650)
- October 12–Jacques d'Arthois,Flemish painter (d.1686)
- October 13
- Luisa de Guzmán,Duchess of Braganza, queen consort of Portugal (d.1666)
- Adriaan Heereboord,Dutch philosopher (d.1661)
- October 19–Charles of Sezze,Italian Franciscan friar and saint (d.1670)
- October 28–Edmund Bowyer,English politician (d.1681)
- November 5–Isaac de Benserade,French poet (d.1691)[137]
- November 12–Sir Ralph Verney, 1st Baronet, of Middle Claydon,English Baronet (d.1696)
- November 16–Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Harzgerode(1635–1670) (d.1670)
- November 20–Tyman Oosdorp,Dutch Golden Age brewer and magistrate of Haarlem (d.1668)
- November 24–John Knight,Member of the Parliament of England (d.1683)
- November 25–Philip VII, Count of Waldeck-Wildungen (1638–1645) (d.1645)
- December 4(bapt.)–Samuel Butler,English satirist (d.1680)
- December 10–Izaak van Oosten,Flemish painter (d.1661)
- December 11–Amar Singh Rathore,Rajput nobleman affiliated with the royal house of Marwar (d.1644)
- December 23–Carl Gustaf Wrangel,Field Marshal of Sweden (d.1676)
- December 28–Bullen Reymes,English courtier, diplomat and politician (d.1672)
- Henry Vane,English politician (d.1662)
- Khushal Khan Khattak,Afghan poet (d.1690)
- Richard Crashaw,English poet (d.1649)
1614
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Christopher-Merret.jpg/110px-Christopher-Merret.jpg)
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- January 1
- Henry Frederick, Hereditary Prince of the Palatinate(d.1629)
- Luis Guillermo de Moncada, 7th Duke of Montalto,Spanish Catholic cardinal (d.1672)
- January 5–Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria,Governor of the Spanish Netherlands (d.1662)
- January 10–Kanō Yasunobu,Japanese painter of the Kanō school of painting, during the Edo period (d.1685)
- January 20–Samuel Gott,English politician (d.1671)[138]
- February 2–Robert Ellison,English politician (d.1678)
- February 8–Thomas Wendy,English politician (d.1673)
- February 14–John Wilkins,English bishop, academic and natural philosopher (d.1672)
- February 16–Christopher Merret,English physician and scientist (d.1695)
- March 3–Sir Peter Leycester, 1st Baronet,British historian (d.1678)
- March 8–Hendrik van der Borcht II,German painter (d.1676)
- March 15–Franciscus Sylvius,Dutch physician and scientist (d.1672)
- March 25
- Thomas Chicheley,English politician who fell from favour, during the reign of James II (d.1699)
- Juan Carreño de Miranda,Spanish artist (d.1685)
- April 1–Martin Schoock,Dutch academic (d.1669)
- April 2–Jahanara Begum,Mughal princess (d.1681)
- April 10–William Thompson,English Member of Parliament (d.1681)
- April 11–Helena Fourment,Dutch model, second wife of Peter Paul Rubens (d.1673)
- April 18–Nicolas Robert,French painter (d.1685)
- April 25
- Hieronymus van Beverningh,Dutch diplomat and politician (d.1690)
- Marc'Antonio Pasqualini,Italian opera singer and composer (d.1691)
- May 10–Zacharias Wagenaer,secretary, painter, then merchant and administrator (Dutch East-India Company) (d.1668)
- May 12–Giovanni Bernardo Carboni,Italian painter (d.1683)
- May 28–Gustav Evertsson Horn,Finnish-Swedish politician, Field Marshal (d.1666)
- June 15–Emilie of Oldenburg-Delmenhorst,Regent of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (1646–1662) (d.1670)
- June 24–John Belasyse, 1st Baron Belasyseof England (d.1689)
- July 10–Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey,English royalist statesman (d.1686)
- July 23–Bonaventura Peeters the Elder,Flemish marine painter (d.1652)
- August 3–Juan de Arellano,Spanish artist (d.1676)
- August 13–Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels,administrator of the archbishopric of Magdeburg (d.1680)
- September 7–Gustaf Otto Stenbock,Swedish soldier and politician (d.1685)
- September 11–Philipp Buchner,German composer (d.1669)
- September 12–Robert Packer,English politician (d.1682)
- September 20–Martino Martini,Italian missionary, cartographer and historian (d.1661)
- September 25–Giles Hungerford,English politician (d.1685)
- September 27–Daniel Hallé,French painter (d.1675)
- September 28–Juan Hidalgo de Polanco,Spanish composer (d.1685)
- October 3–Sigmund von Erlach,Swiss politician (d.1699)
- October 6–Francesco de' Medici,Tuscan prince (d.1634)
- October 12–Henry More,English philosopher (d.1687)
- October 13–Thomas Jones,English politician and judge (d.1692)
- October 20(bapt.)–Franciscus Mercurius van Helmont,Flemish alchemist (d.1698)
- November 2–Philip Dietrich, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg (1640–1645) (d.1645)
- November 4–Alexander Charles Vasa,5th son of KingSigismund III of Poland(d.1634)
- November 11–John Bulkeley,English politician (d.1662)
- November 27–Fernando de Meneses, 2nd Count of Ericeira,Portuguese noble (d.1699)
- November 30–William Howard, 1st Viscount Staffordof England (d.1680)
- December 16–Eberhard III, Duke of Württemberg(d.1674)
- December 21–Francis Anderson,English politician (d.1679)
- December 27–Béatrix de Cusance,Frenc-Comtois noble woman (d.1663)
- December 31–Mechtilde of the Blessed Sacrament,French nun (d.1698)
- Franciscus Sylvius,German scientist (d.1672)
- Song Wan,Qing Dyanstypoet and politician
1615
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Govaert_Flinck_Self_Portrait.jpg/110px-Govaert_Flinck_Self_Portrait.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Pieter_de_Groot%2C_circle_of_Adriaen_Hanneman.jpg/110px-Pieter_de_Groot%2C_circle_of_Adriaen_Hanneman.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Heinrich_Bollandt_-_Erbprinz_Erdmann_August_von_Brandenburg-Bayreuth_%28Jagdschloss_Grunewald%29.jpg/110px-Heinrich_Bollandt_-_Erbprinz_Erdmann_August_von_Brandenburg-Bayreuth_%28Jagdschloss_Grunewald%29.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Richard_Baxter_Colour.jpg/110px-Richard_Baxter_Colour.jpg)
- January 6–Richard Waldron,colonial settler, acting President of the Province of New Hampshire (d.1689)
- January 10–Sir John Robinson, 1st Baronet, of London,English politician (d.1680)
- January 13–Henrik Bjelke,Norwegian military officer (d.1683)
- January 14–John Biddle,English theologian (d.1662)
- January 20–Karmabai,Indian Jat known as Bhakt Shiromani Karmabai (d.1634)
- January 25–Govert Flinck,Dutch painter of the Dutch Golden Age (d.1660)
- January 27–Nicolas Fouquet,French Superintendent of Finances (d.1680)[139]
- January 30–Thomas Rolfe,only child of Pocahontas and her English husband (d.1675)
- February 18–Maria Caterina Farnese,Duchess of Modena and Reggio (d.1646)
- February 27–Isaac Thornton,English politician (d.1669)
- March 10–Hans Ulrik Gyldenløve,illegitimate son of King Christian IV of Denmark and his mistress (d.1645)
- March 11–Johann Weikhard of Auersperg,Austrian prime minister (d.1677)
- March 13–Pope Innocent XII(d.1700)[140]
- March 17–Gregorio Carafa,Grandmaster of the Order of Saint John (d.1690)
- March 20–Dara Shikoh,Indian prince (d.1659)
- March 22–Katherine Jones, Viscountess Ranelagh,English female scientist (d.1691)
- March 28–Pieter de Groot,Dutch diplomat (d.1678)
- March 28–Cosimo Ruggeri,Italian astrologer
- April 7–Charles Cotterell,English courtier (d.1701)
- April 9–John Wright,British politician (d.1683)
- April 16–Edward Rawson,American settler (d.1693)
- April 17–Jacques Goulet,early pioneer in New France (now Québec) (d.1688)
- April 24–Klas Hansson Bjelkenstjerna,Swedish naval officer and civil servant (d.1662)
- May 30–Richard Neville,English soldier and MP (d.1676)
- June 3–Giles Strangways,English politician (d.1675)
- June 15–Samuel Sandys,English politician (d.1685)
- June 20(orJuly 31) –Salvator Rosa,Italian painter (d.1673)
- July 1–Samuel Hales,Connecticut settler and politician (d.1693)
- July 9–Sir Thomas Sclater, 1st Baronet,English politician (d.1684)
- July 22–Marguerite of Lorraine,princess of Lorraine, duchess of Orléans (d.1672)
- July 28–Charles de Noyelle,French Jesuit Superior General (d.1686)
- August 13–John Sherburne,American colonial (d.1693)
- August 15–Marie de Lorraine, Duchess of Guise(d.1688)
- August 18–John Sadler,British town clerk (d.1674)
- September 3–Mary Bradbury,accused Salem, Massachusetts witch (d.1700)
- September 7–John Birch,English politician (d.1691)
- September 12
- Landgravine Sophie of Hesse-Kassel,Countess of Schaumburg-Lippe (d.1670)
- William Turner,British politician (d.1693)
- September 17–Nicholas Pedley,English politician (d.1685)
- September 20–Giambattista Spinola,Italo-Spanish Roman Catholic cardinal (d.1704)
- September 26–Heinrich Bach,German organist and composer (d.1692)
- October 1–Hugh Bethell,EnglishMember of Parliamentand High Sheriff (d.1679)
- October 8–Erdmann August of Brandenburg-Bayreuth,Hereditary Margrave (d.1651)
- October 23–Ove Juul,Governor-General of Norway (d.1686)
- October 27–Christian I, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg,member of the House of Wettin (d.1691)
- November 5–Ibrahim,Ottoman Sultan(d.1648)
- November 12–Richard Baxter,English Puritan church leader (d.1691)[141]
- November 19–Richard Norton of Southwick Park,English politician (d.1691)
- November 20–Francis Dane,American colonial priest (d.1697)
- November 24–Philip William, Elector Palatine(d.1690)
- December 6–Frederick Schomberg, 1st Duke of Schomberg(d.1690)
- December 7–Nicodemus Tessin the Elder,Swedish architect (d.1681)
- December 9–Anne Carr, Countess of Bedford,English noble (d.1684)
- December 19–Frederick, Duke of Württemberg-Neuenstadt,German duke (d.1682)
- December 21–Benedict Arnold,Rhode Island colonial governor (d.1678)
- December 29–Charles Scarborough,English physician, mathematician (d.1694)
- Date unknown:
- Osoet Pegua,Thai businesswoman (d.1658)
- Gironima Spana,Italian poisoner (d.1659)
- John Lacy,English actor and playwright (d.1681)
1616
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ferdinand_Bol.Self-portrait.jpg/110px-Ferdinand_Bol.Self-portrait.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/JohnLeverettInMilitaryUniform.jpg/110px-JohnLeverettInMilitaryUniform.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/In_Effigiam_Nicholai_Culpeper_Equitis_by_Richard_Gaywood.jpg/110px-In_Effigiam_Nicholai_Culpeper_Equitis_by_Richard_Gaywood.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/John_Wallis_by_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller%2C_Bt.jpg/110px-John_Wallis_by_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller%2C_Bt.jpg)
- January 1–Nabeshima Naozumi,Japanesedaimyō(d.1669)
- January 5–Alexander von Bournonville,Flemish noble and general (d.1690)
- January 13–Antoinette Bourignon,French-Flemish mystic and adventurer (d.1680)
- January 16–François de Vendôme, Duke of Beaufort,French soldier (d.1669)
- January 20–Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski,Polish noble (szlachcic) (d.1667)
- January 27orJanuary 28–Christen Aagaard,Danish poet (d.1664)
- February 1–Sophie Elisabeth of Brandenburg,Duchess consort of Saxe-Altenburg (d.1650)
- February 2–Sébastien Bourdon,French painter and engraver (d.1671)
- February 14–Marc Restout,French painter (d.1684)
- February 25–Isaack Luttichuys,Dutch Golden Age painter (d.1673)
- February 27–István Esterházy,member of the wealthy Hungarian Esterházy family (d.1641)
- February 28
- Kaspar Förster,German singer and composer (d.1673)
- Frederick of Hesse-Darmstadt,German Catholic cardinal (d.1682)
- March 1–Maurizio Cazzati,Italian composer (d.1678)
- March 9–Robert Giguère,early pioneer in New France (d.1709)
- March 13–Joseph Beaumont,British academic and poet (d.1699)
- March 16–Thomas Jervoise,English politician (d.1693)
- March 29–Johann Erasmus Kindermann,German composer and organist (d.1655)
- April 1–Christian Günther II, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen-Arnstadt(1642–1666) (d.1666)
- April 2–Herbert Morley,English politician (d.1667)
- April 5–Frederick, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken(d.1661)
- April 7–Thomas Hopkins,early Providence, Rhode Island settler (d.1684)
- April 19–Louis IV of Legnica,Duke of Oława and Brzeg (1633–1654) (d.1663)
- April 24–Gustav, Count of Vasaborg,illegitimate son of King Gustavus Adolphus and his mistressMargareta Slots(d.1653)
- April 27–Jeremias Felbinger,German Socinian writer (d.1690)
- May 1–Frederick III, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach(1625–1634) (d.1634)
- May 16–Archibald Primrose, Lord Carrington,Scottish judge (d.1679)
- May 19–Johann Jakob Froberger,German composer and keyboardist (d.1667)
- May 23–Sir Edward Bagot, 2nd Baronet,English politician (d.1673)
- May 24–John Maitland, 1st Duke of Lauderdale(d.1682)
- May 25–Carlo Dolci,Italian painter (d.1686)
- May 27–Christina Magdalena of the Palatinate-Zweibrücken,Swedish Princess by birth; margravine of Baden-Durlach by marriage (d.1662)
- June –John Thurloe,English spymaster for Oliver Cromwell (d.1668)
- June 3–George Courthope,English politician (d.1685)
- June 23–Shah Shuja,second son of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal (d.1661)
- June 24
- Ferdinand Bol,Dutch Dutch painter, etcher and draftsman (d.1680)
- Philipp, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen(1661–1671) (d.1671)
- June 25–James Livingstone, 1st Viscount Kilsythof Scotland (d.1661)
- June 28–Lucas Franchoys the Younger,Flemish painter (d.1681)
- July 7(bapt.) –John Leverett,Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony (d.1679)
- July 10–Antonio del Castillo y Saavedra,Spanish artist (d.1668)
- July 21–Anna de' Medici, Archduchess of Austria(d.1676)
- August –William Russell, 1st Duke of Bedford,British peer and soldier (d.1700)
- August 6–John Higginson,English minister (d.1708)
- August 12–Johann Paul Freiherr von Hocher,Austrian chancellor (d.1683)
- August 18–John Hervey,English courtier and politician (d.1680)
- August 30–Giovan Battista Nani,Italian historian and diplomat (d.1678)
- September 9–Nicolás de Villacis,Spanish painter (d.1694)
- September 25–Alexander Morus,Franco-Scottish Calvinist preacher (d.1670)
- October 4–Philippe Balthazar de Gand,French noble (d.1680)
- October 11–Andreas Gryphius,German lyric poet and dramatist (d.1664)
- October 15–Hoshina Masakage,Japanesedaimyōof the Edo period (d.1700)
- October 18–Nicholas Culpeper,English botanist (d.1654)
- October 20–Thomas Bartholin,Danish physician, mathematician, and theologian (d.1680)
- October 21–Camillo Astalli,Italian cardinal (d.1663)
- November 13–Nicholas Dennys,English politician (d.1692)
- November 23–John Wallis,English mathematician (d.1703)
- December 12–Martin Lluelyn,Welsh poet (d.1682)
- December 13–Edward Chamberlayne,English writer (d.1703)
- December 14–William Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Hamilton,Scottish nobleman (d.1651)
- December 17–Roger L'Estrange,English pamphleteer and author (d.1704)
- December 25–Christian Hoffmann von Hoffmannswaldau,German poet (d.1679)
- Charles Albanel,French missionary (d.1696)
- Henry Bard, 1st Viscount Bellomont,English Royalist (d.1656)
- Jan Kazimierz Chodkiewicz,Polish nobleman (szlachcic) (d.1660)
- Thomas Harrison,English Puritan soldier and Fifth Monarchist (d.1660)
- William Holder,English music theorist (d.1698)
- Kamalakara,Indian astronomer/mathematician (d.1700)
- Johann Klaj,German poet (d.1656)
- Kuzma Minin,merchant from Nizhny Novgorod
- Sokuhi Nyoitsu,Buddhist monk (d.1671)
- John Owen,English Nonconformist theologian (d.1683)
- Edward Sexby,English Puritan soldier/Leveller (d.1658)
- Obadiah Walker,Master of University College, Oxford (d.1699)
- Caesar van Everdingen,Dutch older brother of Allart van Everdingen (d.1678)
- Matthias Weckmann,German musician/composer (d.1674)
- Trijntje Keever,presumed to have been the tallest woman ever (d.1633)
- AGreenland shark,still alive
1617
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gonzales_Coques_-_Smell_%28Portrait_of_Lucas_Faydherbe%29.tiff/lossless-page1-110px-Gonzales_Coques_-_Smell_%28Portrait_of_Lucas_Faydherbe%29.tiff.png)
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- January 6–Christoffer Gabel,Danish statesman (d.1673)
- January 19–Lucas Faydherbe,Belgian sculptor and architect (d.1697)
- January 22–Lodewijck Neefs,Flemish painter (d.1649)
- January 23–Ralph Josselin,English clergyman (d.1683)
- January 30
- Isaac de Porthau,Gascon black musketeer of the Maison du Roi (d.1712)
- William Sancroft,79th Archbishop of Canterbury (d.1693)
- February 5–Jan Thomas van Ieperen,Flemish engraver, painter (d.1673)
- February 22–Robert Culliford,English politician (d.1698)
- March 8–Tito Livio Burattini,Italian inventor, Egyptologist, instrument-maker (d.1681)
- March 17
- David Ancillon,French Huguenot pastor and author (d.1692)
- Johann Georg Macasius,German physician (d.1653)
- April 4–Sir George Wharton, 1st Baronet,English baronet (d.1681)
- April 20–Sir John Goodricke, 1st Baronet,English landowner and politician (d.1670)
- May 3–Roger Pepys,English lawyer and politician (d.1688)
- May 9–Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse-Eschwege(d.1655)
- May 23–Elias Ashmole,English antiquarian (d.1692)[142]
- June 2–Maeda Toshitsugu,Japanese daimyō of the early Edo period (d.1674)
- June 13–Sir Vincent Corbet, 1st Baronet,English politician (d.1656)
- June 18–George Evelyn,English politician (d.1699)
- June 20–Franciscus Bonae Spei,French Catholic scholastic theologian, philosopher (d.1677)
- July 31–Nicolás Antonio,Spanish bibliographer born in Seville (d.1684)
- August 10–Richard Ingoldsby,English politician (d.1685)
- August 13–Johannes Andreas Quenstedt,German theologian (d.1688)
- August 25–Frances Hyde, Countess of Clarendon,English noble (d.1667)
- September 3–Roshanara Begum,Mughal princess (d.1671)
- September 13–Margravine Louise Charlotte of Brandenburg,Duchess of Courland by marriage (1645–1676) (d.1676)
- September 25–Sir Francis Drake, 2nd Baronet,English Member of Parliament (d.1662)
- September 29–Lothar Friedrich von Metternich-Burscheid,Prince-Bishop of Speyer (1652–1675) (d.1675)
- October 5–Dorothy Spencer, Countess of Sunderland,English countess (d.1684)
- October 10–William Cavendish, 3rd Earl of Devonshire,English nobleman (d.1684)
- October 12–Sir Francis Gerard, 2nd Baronet,English Member of Parliament (d.1680)
- October 17–Dionisio Lazzari,Italian sculptor and architect (d.1689)
- October 28
- Cornelius Hazart,Dutch Jesuit priest, polemical author (d.1690)
- Antoine Garaby de La Luzerne,French poet (d.1679)
- November 4–Johannes Hoornbeek,Dutch theologian (d.1666)
- November 6–Leopoldo de' Medici,Italian Catholic cardinal (d.1675)
- November 16–Frederick VI, Margrave of Baden-Durlach(1659–1677) (d.1677)
- November 19–Eustache Le Sueur,French painter (d.1655)
- December –Gerard ter Borch,Dutch painter (d.1681)
- December 4–Federico Visconti,Cardinal Archbishop of Milan (d.1693)
- December 9–Richard Lovelace,English poet (d.1657)[143]
- December 22–Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine(d.1680)
- December 23–Magdalene Sibylle of Saxony,Crown Princessof Denmark (d.1668)
- December 25–Jean de Coligny-Saligny,French noble and army commander (d.1686)
- Paolo Casati,Italian Jesuit mathematician (d.1707)
- Lozang Gyatso, 5th Dalai Lama(d.1682)
1618
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Jan_Six_-_Rembrandt.jpg/110px-Jan_Six_-_Rembrandt.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Peter_Lely_Selfportrait.jpg/110px-Peter_Lely_Selfportrait.jpg)
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- January 1(bapt.)–Bartolomé Esteban Murillo,Spanish painter (d.1682)
- January 2–Jean Hamon,French doctor and writer (d.1687)
- January 3–Jean Crasset,French Jesuit theologian (d.1692)
- January 8–Madeleine Béjart,French actress and theatre director (d.1672)[144]
- January 14–Jan Six,important cultural figure in the Dutch Golden Age (d.1700)
- January 25–Nicolaes Visscher I,Dutch engraver, cartographer and publisher (d.1679)
- January 28–James Ley, 3rd Earl of Marlborough,English nobleman, sailor, and mathematician (d.1665)
- January 29–Jean Paul Médaille,French Jesuit missionary (d.1689)
- February 12–Olaus Verelius,scholar of Old Norse and Scandinavian studies (d.1682)[145]
- February 17–Matthias Abele,Austrian jurist, mine official (d.1677)
- February 19–Johannes Phocylides Holwarda,Dutch astronomer (d.1651)
- March 4–George Louis, Prince of Nassau-Dillenburg,German noble (d.1656)
- March 14–Nadira Banu Begum,Mughal princess (d.1659)
- March 19–Thomas Hinckley,last colonial governor of Plymouth Colony (d.1706)
- April 2–Francesco Maria Grimaldi,Italian mathematician and physicist (d.1663)[146]
- April 4–Ferrante III Gonzaga, Duke of Guastalla,Italian noble (d.1678)
- April 9–Christian, Duke of Brieg,Duke of Legnica (1663–1672) and Brieg (1664–1672) (d.1672)
- April 13–Roger de Rabutin, Comte de Bussy,French writer (d.1693)
- April 14–Thomas Moore,English politician (d.1695)[147]
- April 29–Vittoria Farnese d'Este,Duchess of Modena and Reggio (d.1649)
- May 22–Henrik Horn,Swedish military leader and noble (d.1693)
- June 1–Johann Franck,German poet and hymnist (d.1677)
- June 15
- François Blondel,French architect (d.1686)
- Ippolito Lante Montefeltro della Rovere,Italian nobleman and Duke of Bomarzo (d.1688)
- June 24–Philip Packer,British barrister and architect (d.1686)
- June 28–Jean Le Pautre,French designer and engraver (d.1682)
- July 6–Alexander Lindsay, 1st Earl of Balcarres,Scottish politician and noble (d.1659)[148]
- July 17
- Willem Ogier,Flemish playwright (d.1689)
- George Stewart, 9th Seigneur d'Aubigny,Scottish nobleman and military commander (d.1642)
- July 21–Hayashi Gahō,Japanese philosopher (d.1688)
- July 22–Johan Nieuhof,Dutch traveler who wrote about his journeys to Brazil (d.1672)
- September 6–Walter Hoyt,Connecticut settler (d.1698)
- September 9–Joan Cererols,Catalan musician and Benedictine monk (d.1680)
- September 11–Francesco Grue,Italian artist (d.1673)
- September 14–Peter Lely,Dutch painter (d.1680)[149]
- September 27–Jacob Alting,Dutch linguist (d.1679)
- September 29–Michiel Sweerts,Flemish painter (d.1664)
- October 8–Claude Lamoral, 3rd Prince of Ligne,Spanish general and prince (d.1679)
- October 7–Rosina Schnorr,German businessperson (d.1679)
- October 31–Mariana de Jesús de Paredes,Catholic saint, the first person to be canonized from Ecuador (d.1645)
- November–Simon Arnauld, Marquis de Pomponne,French diplomat and minister ofLouis XIV(d.1699)
- November 1–Sir John Wittewrong, 1st Baronet,English parliamentarian (d.1693)
- November 3–Aurangzeb,Mughal emperorof India (d.1707)
- November 8–Louise de La Fayette,French courtier, friend of King Louis XIII (d.1665)[150]
- November 12–Gottfried Welsch,German physician (d.1690)
- November 16–Johann Ludwig Schönleben,Carniolan priest (d.1681)
- November 26–Johan Frederik von Marschalck,German-born landowner, Chancellor of Norway (d.1679)
- December 2
- Edward Bayntun,English politician (d.1679)
- Nicholas Delves,English politician (d.1690)
- December 3–Sir William Ayloffe, 3rd Baronet,officer in the Royalist army during the English Civil War (d.1662)
- December 18–Karl Kaspar von der Leyen,German Catholic archbishop (d.1676)
- December 26–Elisabeth of the Palatinate,German princess, philosopher, and Calvinist (d.1680)
- December 28–Catharina Hooft,noblewoman of the Dutch Golden Age (d.1691)[151]
- Athittayawong,Ayutthayan monarch (d.1629)
- Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington,English politician (member of theCabal) d.1685)
1619
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Le_brun.jpg/110px-Le_brun.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Peter_Mews.jpg/110px-Peter_Mews.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/AnnaSophiaRheinQued.jpg/110px-AnnaSophiaRheinQued.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Jan_van_Riebeeck.jpg/110px-Jan_van_Riebeeck.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Carel_van_Savoyen_-_Self-portrait.jpg/110px-Carel_van_Savoyen_-_Self-portrait.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Rijcklof.jpg/110px-Rijcklof.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Anonymous_drawing_of_Anne_Genevi%C3%A8ve_de_Bourbon_from_circa_1840.jpg/110px-Anonymous_drawing_of_Anne_Genevi%C3%A8ve_de_Bourbon_from_circa_1840.jpg)
- January 10–Philip Sidney, 3rd Earl of Leicester,English politician (d.1698)
- January 14
- Thomas Archer,English politician (d.1685)
- Alexander von Spaen,German general (d.1692)
- January 17–Johanna Elisabeth of Nassau-Hadamar,by marriage Princess of Anhalt-Harzgerode (d.1647)
- January 21
- Anders Bording,Danish writer (d.1677)
- John Rashleigh,English politician (d.1693)
- January 24–Yamazaki Ansai,Japanese philosopher (d.1682)
- January 30–Michelangelo Ricci,Roman Catholic cardinal, mathematician (d.1682)
- February 1–Robert Phelips,English politician (d.1707)
- February 2–Walter Charleton,English natural philosopher (d.1707)
- February 9–Queen Inseon,Korean royal consort (d.1674)
- February 15–Tsugaru Nobuyoshi,Japanese daimyō (d.1655)
- February 24
- Robert Aske,merchant in the City of London (d.1689)
- Charles Le Brun,French painter and art theorist (d.1690)[152]
- February 26–Francesco Morosini,Doge of Venice from 1688 to 1694 (d.1694)
- February 28–Giuseppe Felice Tosi,Italian composer (d.1693)
- March 2–Marcantonio Giustinian,107th Doge of Venice (d.1688)
- March 5–Joseph Ames,English naval commander (d.1695)
- March 6–Cyrano de Bergerac,French soldier and poet (d.1655)
- March 13–Tobias Lohner,Austrian Jesuit theologian (d.1697)[153]
- March 15–Jean Le Vacher,French Lazarist missionary and French consul (d.1683)
- March 20–Georg Albrecht, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach(d.1666)
- March 25–Peter Mews,English Royalist theologian and bishop (d.1706)
- March 28–Maurice, Duke of Saxe-Zeitz(1657–1681) (d.1681)
- April 2
- Onofrio Gabrieli,Italian painter (d.1706)
- Anna Sophia I, Abbess of Quedlinburg,Dutch abbess (d.1680)
- April 11–Abraham van der Hulst,Dutch admiral (d.1666)
- April 21–Jan van Riebeeck,Dutch founder of Cape Town (d.1677)
- April 30–Johannes Spilberg,Dutch painter (d.1690)
- May
- James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount of Stair,Scottish lawyer and statesman (d.1695)
- André Félibien,French court historian (d.1695)
- Andrew Ramsay, Lord Abbotshall,Scottish judge and politician (d.1688)
- May 20–Abiezer Coppe,English "Ranter" and pamphleteer (d.1672)
- May 24(bapt.)–Philips Wouwerman,Dutch painter (d.1668)
- May 26– KingPye Minof Burma (d.1672)
- June 13–Jan Victors,Dutch painter (d.1676)
- June 14(bapt.)– SirJeffrey Hudson,English court dwarf (d.1682)
- June 24–Rijcklof van Goens,Dutch colonial governor (d.1682)
- July 3–Hyojong of Joseon,17th king of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea (1649–1659) (d.1659)
- July 13–Birgitta Durell,Swedish industrialist (d.1683)
- July 27–Sir Henry Felton, 2nd Baronet,English Member of Parliament (d.1690)
- August 5–Thomas Hall,English politician (d.1667)
- August 6–Barbara Strozzi,Italian singer and composer (d.1677)
- August 7–Anna Catherine Constance Vasa,Polish princess, daughter of King Sigismund III Vasa (d.1651)
- August 15
- Francesco Maria Farnese,Italian Catholic cardinal (d.1647)
- Hubertus Quellinus,Flemish artist (d.1687)
- August 21–Sir John Borlase, 1st Baronet,English politician (d.1672)
- August 28
- Anne Geneviève de Bourbon,French princess who is remembered for her beauty and amours (d.1679)
- Louis Thomassin,French bishop and theologian (d.1695)
- August 29–Jean-Baptiste Colbert,French minister of finance (d.1683)
- September 20–Sophie Elisabeth Pentz,daughter of Christian IV of Denmark (d.1657)
- September 21–Sir John Wray, 3rd Baronet,English politician (d.1664)
- October 8–Philipp von Zesen,German poet (d.1689)
- October 10
- Josias Calmady,English Member of Parliament (d.1683)
- Princess Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg,German princess (d.1680)
- October 14–Sir John Bright, 1st Baronet,English politician (d.1688)
- October 16–Johann Friedrich König,German Lutheran theologian (d.1664)
- October 18–Jean Armand de Maillé-Brézé,French admiral (d.1646)
- October 27–Frederick Louis, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken(d.1681)
- November 5–Philips Koninck,Dutch painter (d.1688)
- November 7–Gédéon Tallemant des Réaux,French writer known for hisHistoriettes(d.1692)
- November 14–Thomas Howard, 3rd Earl of Berkshire,English politician, earl (d.1706)
- November 25–Henry Mildmay,English politician (d.1692)
- December 10–Thomas Dyke,English politician (d.1669)
- December 13–Andrij Savka,Lemko bandit (d.1661)
- December 17–Prince Rupert of the Rhine,Bohemian-born Royalist commander in the English Civil War (d.1682)
- December 28–Antoine Furetière,French writer (d.1688)
- December 31
- John Fitzjames,English politician (d.1670)
- Sylvester Maurus,Italian Jesuit theologian (d.1687)
- Donald Cargill,Scottish Covenanter (d.1681)
- Gu Mei,politically influential ChineseGējì,poet and painter (d.1664)
- Samuel Collins,English doctor and author (d.1670)
- Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 8th Duke of Alburquerque,Spanish military officer and viceroy (d.1676)
- Willem Kalf,Dutch painter (d.1693)
- Kumazawa Banzan,Japanese philosopher (d.1691)
- Shalom Shabazi,Jewish Yemeni rabbi and poet (d. c.1720)
- Wang Fuzhi,Chinese philosopher (d.1692)
Deaths
1610
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Anna_of_the_Veldenz_Palatinate_1580_by_unknown.jpg/110px-Anna_of_the_Veldenz_Palatinate_1580_by_unknown.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Ricciportrait.jpg/110px-Ricciportrait.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Mus%C3%A9e_national_du_Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Pau_-_Portait_d%27Henri_IV_en_Mars_-_Ambroise_Dubois_P_81_20_1.jpg/110px-Mus%C3%A9e_national_du_Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Pau_-_Portait_d%27Henri_IV_en_Mars_-_Ambroise_Dubois_P_81_20_1.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Adam_Elsheimer_self_portrait_01.jpg/110px-Adam_Elsheimer_self_portrait_01.jpg)
- January 1
- Cinzio Passeri Aldobrandini,Italian Catholic cardinal (b.1551)
- François Feuardent,French theologian (b.1539)
- January 9–Herman van der Mast,Dutch Renaissance painter from the Northern Netherlands (b. c.1550)
- January 10–Mateo de Oviedo,Archbishop of Dublin (b.1547)
- February 4–Hannibal Vyvyan,English politician (b.1545)
- February 5–Strange Jørgenssøn,Norwegian businessman (b.1539)
- February 22–Polykarp Leyser the Elder,German theologian (b.1552)
- February 27–Philippe Canaye,French diplomat (b.1551)
- March 6–Benedict Pereira,Spanish theologian (b.1535)
- March 7–Maria, Abbess of Quedlinburg,German abbess (b.1571)
- March 19
- Valeriano Muti,Italian Catholic prelate (year of birth unknown)
- Hasegawa Tōhaku,Japanese painter (b.1539)
- March 20–Princess Anna Maria of Sweden,Swedish royal (b.1545)
- March 24–Henry Cocke,English politician (b.1538)
- March 28–Wolfgang, Count of Hohenlohe-Weikersheim,German count (b.1546)
- March 30–Thomas Gorges,English knight (b.1536)
- April 7–Hirata Masumune,Japanese samurai (b.1566)
- April 15–Robert Parsons,English Jesuit priest (b.1546)
- April 24–Anna of Holstein-Gottorp,German noblewoman (b.1575)
- May 11
- Ikoma Kazumasa,Japanese samurai (b.1555)
- Matteo Ricci,ItalianJesuitpriest and servant of God (b.1552)
- May 14– KingHenry IV of France,(assassinated) (b.1553)[154]
- May 17–Gervase Babington,English churchman (b.1549)
- May 19–Thomas Sanchez,Spanish theologian (b.1550)
- May 27–François Ravaillac,French assassin of Henry IV of France (executed) (b.1578)
- June 13–Thomas Tesdale,English maltster (b.1547)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Bild-Ottavio_Leoni%2C_Caravaggio.jpg/110px-Bild-Ottavio_Leoni%2C_Caravaggio.jpg)
- July –Richard Knolles,English historian (b.1545)
- July 14–Francis Solanus,Spanish friar and missionary in South America (b.1549)
- July 17–Amandus Polanus,German writer (b.1561)
- July 18–Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio,Italian painter active in Rome (b.1571)
- July 22–Charles I, Duke of Mecklenburg(b.1540)
- July 27–Jacob van Langren,Dutch cartographer and globe-maker (b.1525)
- August 20–Stanisław Stadnicki,Polish nobleman (b.1551)
- August 25–Mabel Browne, Countess of Kildare,Irish noble (b.1536)
- September 13–Tomás de Borja y Castro,Spanish Catholic archbishop (b.1551)
- September 19–Frederick IV, Elector Palatine(b.1574)
- September 22–Jan Moretus,Belgian printer (b.1543)
- October 14–Amago Yoshihisa,Japanese samurai and warlord (b.1540)
- November 2–Richard Bancroft,Archbishop of Canterbury(b.1544)
- November 24–Duchess Sophie of Prussia,duchess consort of Courland (1609–1610) (b.1582)
- December 3–Honda Tadakatsu,Japanese soldier (b.1548)
- December 10–John Roberts,Welsh Benedictine monk and priest (b.1577)
- December 11
- Adam Elsheimer,German artist working in Rome who died at only thirty-two (b.1578)
- False Dmitry II,pretender to the Russian throne
- December 21–Catherine Vasa,Swedish princess (b.1539)
- December 31–Ludolph van Ceulen,German mathematician (b.1540)
1611
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Luis_de_Morales_-_San_Juan_de_Ribera.jpg/110px-Luis_de_Morales_-_San_Juan_de_Ribera.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Kurf%C3%BCrst_Christian_II._von_Sachsen_%28Portr%C3%A4t%29.jpg/110px-Kurf%C3%BCrst_Christian_II._von_Sachsen_%28Portr%C3%A4t%29.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Elenora_de_Medici.jpg/110px-Elenora_de_Medici.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Charles_IX_of_Sweden.jpg/110px-Charles_IX_of_Sweden.jpg)
- January 6–Juan de Ribera,Spanish Catholic archbishop (b.1532)
- January 16–Niiro Tadamoto,Japanese samurai (b.1526)
- February 7–Ruprecht von Eggenberg,Austrian general (b.1546)
- February 12–Henry Lee of Ditchley,English noble (b.1533)
- February 26–Antonio Possevino,Italian Jesuit protagonist of Counter Reformation, papal diplomat (b.1533)
- March 2–Ernest II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg,(b.1564)
- March 3–William Douglas, 10th Earl of Angus,son of William Douglas (b.1552)
- March 5–Shimazu Yoshihisa,Japanese warlord and samurai (b.1533)
- March 13–Louis III, Count of Löwensteinsince 1541 (b.1530)
- March 17–Princess Sophia of Sweden(b.1547)
- March 20–Johann Georg Gödelmann,German demonologist (b.1559)
- April 23–Martin Ruland the Younger,German alchemist (b.1569)
- May 19
- Frederick IX, Margrave of Brandenburg,Grand Master of the Order of Saint John (b.1588)
- Zhu Zaiyu,Chinese mathematician, music theorist (b.1536)
- June 8–Jean Bertaut,French poet (b.1552)[155]
- June 23–Christian II, Elector of Saxony(b.1583)
- July 9–János Imreffy,Hungarian politician (b.1559)
- July 26–Horio Yoshiharu,Japanese warlord (b.1542)
- August–Antoni Clarassó i Terès,Spanish priest
- August 2–Katō Kiyomasa,Japanese warlord and samurai (b.1561)
- August 9–John Blagrave,English mathematician (b.1561)
- August 12–Herman van den Bergh,Dutch soldier in theEighty Years' War(b.1558)
- August 27–Tomás Luis de Victoria,Spanish composer (b. c.1548)[156]
- September 9–Eleanor de' Medici,Italian noblewoman (b.1567)
- September 17–Johannes Corputius,Dutch engineer, cartographer and military leader (b.1542)
- September 18–John Augustus, Count Palatine of Lützelstein,German count (b.1575)
- September 25–Šurhaci,Chinese prince (b.1564)
- October 3
- Margaret of Austria, Queen of Spain(b.1584)
- Charles of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne,French military leader (b.1554)
- October 11–Thomas Blague,English priest and writer (b.1545)
- October 30– KingCharles IX of Sweden(b.1550)[157]
- November 6–Peter Vok,Czech noble (b.1539)
- November 17–Nicolas Henri, Duke of Orléans,French duke (b.1607)
- November 22–Thomas Berkeley,English politician (b.1575)
- Camillo Mariani,Italian sculptor (b.1565)
- Tiryaki Hasan Pasha,Turkish beylerbey (b.1530)
- Henry Hudson,English explorer[158]
1612
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Sir_Leonard_Halliday.jpg/110px-Sir_Leonard_Halliday.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Vincenzo_I_Gonzaga_nel_giorno_dell%E2%80%99incoronazione.jpg/110px-Vincenzo_I_Gonzaga_nel_giorno_dell%E2%80%99incoronazione.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/1575_Anna_Katharina.jpg/110px-1575_Anna_Katharina.jpg)
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![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Sir_John_Salisbury_by_Moses_Griffith_02197.jpg/110px-Sir_John_Salisbury_by_Moses_Griffith_02197.jpg)
- January 4–Hendrik Laurenszoon Spiegel,Dutch writer (b.1549)
- January 9–Leonard Holliday,Lord Mayor of London, 1605-1606 (b.1550)
- January 11–Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah,fifth sultan of the Qutb Shahi Dynasty of Golkonda; founded the city of Hyderabad (b.1565)
- January 12–Charles III de Croÿ,Belgian noble (b.1560)
- January 13–Jane Dormer,English lady-in-waiting to Mary I (b.1538)
- January 20–Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor,Austrian Habsburg ruler (b.1552)[159]
- February 6–Christopher Clavius,German mathematician and astronomer (b.1538)
- February 9–Vincenzo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua(b.1562)
- February 12–Jodocus Hondius,Flemish cartographer (b.1563)
- February 17–Ernest of Bavaria,German Catholic bishop (b.1554)
- February 18–Roberto di Ridolfi,Italian conspirator againstElizabeth I of England(b.1531)[160]
- February 21–Christian Barnekow,Danish noble, explorer and diplomat (b.1556)
- March 16–Margaret Fiennes, 11th Baroness Dacre(b.1541)
- March 18–Bartholomew Legate,English anti-Trinitarian martyr (b. c.1575)
- March 19–Sophia Olelkovich Radziwill,Polish-Lithuanian noble (b.1585)
- April 5–Diana Scultori,Italian engraver
- April 8–Anne Catherine of Brandenburg(b.1575)
- April 11
- Emanuel van Meteren,Flemish historian (b.1535)[161]
- Edward Wightman,English Baptist preacher (burned at the stake) (b.1580)
- April 19–Anne d'Escars de Givry,French Catholic cardinal (b.1546)
- April 21–David van Goorle,theologian and theoretical scientist (b.1591)
- May –False Dmitry III,pretender to the Russian throne (secretly executed)[162]
- May 19–Gregorio Petrocchini,Italian Cardinal Bishop, Conclave member, Cardinal protector of the Augustines (b.1535)
- May 24–Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury,English statesman and spymaster (b.1563)
- May 31–Willem Isaacsz Swanenburg,Dutch engraver (b.1580)
- June 5–Arima Harunobu,Japanese daimyō (b.1567)
- June 8–Hans Leo Hassler,German composer (b.1562)
- June 21–Edward Seymour, Lord Beauchamp(b.1561)
- June 26–Roger Manners, 5th Earl of Rutland,eldest surviving son of John Manners (b.1576)
- July 16–Leonardo Donato,Doge of Venice (b.1536)
- July 24
- Ottavio Mirto Frangipani,Italian bishop and papal diplomat (b.1544)
- John Salusbury,Welsh politician (b.1567)[163]
- July 29–Jacques Bongars,French scholar and diplomat (b.1554)[164]
- August 3–John Bond,English politician and classicist (b.1550)
- August 4–Hugh Broughton,English scholar (b.1549)
- August 9–Philipp Ludwig II, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg(1580–1612) (b.1576)
- August 12–Giovanni Gabrieli,Italian composer (b. c.1554)
- August 15–Michael Hicks,English politician (b.1543)
- August 18–Giacomo Boncompagni,Italian feudal lord of the 16th century (b.1548)
- August 20–Naitō Nobunari,Japanese samurai and daimyō of Omi Province (b.1545)
- September 9–Nakagawa Hidenari,Japanese warlord (b.1570)
- September 12– TsarVasili IV of Russia(b.1552)
- September 13–Karin Månsdotter,Queen of Sweden (b.1550)
- September 24–Johannes Lippius,German theologian, philosopher, composer, and music theorist (b.1585)[165]
- September 27–Piotr Skarga,Polish Jesuit and polemicist (b.1536)[166]
- September 28–Ernst Soner,German physician (b.1572)
- October 7
- Menso Alting,Dutch preacher and reformer (b.1541)
- Giovanni Battista Guarini,Italian poet (b.1538)[167]
- October 10–Bernardino Poccetti,Italian painter (b.1548)
- October 23–János Petki,Hungarian politician (b.1572)
- October 28–Edward Darcy,English politician (b.1544)
- November 1–Charles, Count of Soissons,Frenchprince du sangand military commander in the struggles over religion and the throne (b.1566)
- November 2–Maurice, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg,1581–1612 (b.1551)
- November 6
- Nicholas Fitzherbert,English martyr (b.1550)
- Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales,elder son of King James I & VI and Anne of Denmark (b.1594)[168]
- November 9–Paul Jenisch,German pastor (b.1551)
- November 16–William Stafford,English spy (b.1554)
- November 20–John Harington,English courtier, writer and inventor of a flush toilet (b.1561)[169]
- November 23
- Juan Fernández de Olivera,Spanish colonial governor (b.1560)
- Elizabeth Jane Weston,English Czech poet (b.1582)
- November 26–Thomas Walmsley,English judge (b.1537)
- December 4–Jacob Taets van Amerongen,Teutonic Knights commander (b.1542)
- December 12–Nicholas Mosley,Lord Mayor of London (b.1527)
- December 22–Francesco IV Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua(b.1586)[170]
- Federico Barocci,Italian painter (b. c.1535)
- Isabel Barreto,Spanish admiral (b.1567)
1613
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Terumasa_Ikeda.jpg/110px-Terumasa_Ikeda.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Zsgmondb%C3%A1thory.jpg/110px-Zsgmondb%C3%A1thory.jpg)
- January 2–Salima Sultan Begum,Empress of the Mughal Empire (b.1539)
- January 12–George Blackwell,English Catholic archpriest (b.1545)
- January 18–Antoon Claeissens,Flemish Baroque painter (b.1536)
- January 27–Anna of Saxony,German noblewoman (b.1567)
- January 28–Thomas Bodley,Englishdiplomat and library founder (b.1545)[171]
- February 14–Juan García López-Rico,Spanish Catholic priest from the Trinitarian Order, founded the Order of Discalced Carmelites (b.1561)
- February 16–Johannes Letzner,German Protestant priest and historian (b.1531)
- February 27–Pietro Facchetti,Italian painter (b.1539)
- March 2–Rudolph Snellius,Dutch linguist and mathematician (b.1546)
- March 13–Giovanni Battista Caccini,Italian artist (b.1556)
- March 16
- Sigrid Sture,Swedish Governor (b.1538)
- Ikeda Terumasa,Japanese daimyō (b.1565)
- March 23–Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont,Spanish inventor (b.1553)
- March 27–Sigismund Báthory,Prince of Transylvania (b.1572)
- April 27–Robert Abercromby,Scottish Jesuit missionary (b.1532)
- June 3–Allahverdi Khan,Georgian-born Iranian general (b.1590)
- June 8–Cigoli,Italian painter (b.1559)
- June 15–Magdalena Moons,Dutch heroine (b.1541)
- July 2–Bartholomaeus Pitiscus,German astronomer and mathematician (b.1561)
- July 19–Nicolaus van Aelst,Flemish engraver (b.1526)
- July 20–Sebastian Lubomirski,Polish-Lithuanian nobleman (szlachcic) (b. c.1546)
- July 30–Henry Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg(b.1564)
- August 1
- Francesco Grimaldi,Italian architect (b.1543)
- Thomas Twyne,English actor (b.1543)
- August 7–Thomas Fleming,English judge (b.1544)
- August 14–David Lindsay,Scottish bishop (b.1531)
- August 18–Giovanni Artusi,Italian composer (b. c.1540)
- August 22–Dominicus Baudius,Dutch historian and poet (b.1561)
- August 25–William Waldegrave,English Member of Parliament (b.1540)
- September 8
- Carlo Gesualdo,Italian composer (b.1566)[172]
- James Pemberton,British goldsmith (b.1550)
- September 14–Thomas Overbury,English poet and essayist (murdered) (b.1581)
- October 9–Henry Constable,English poet (b.1562)
- October 11–John Petre, 1st Baron Petre,English politician (b.1549)
- October 22–Mathurin Régnier,French satirist (b.1573)
- October 26–Johann Bauhin,Swiss botanist (b.1541)
- October 27–Gabriel Báthory,Prince of Transylvania (b.1589)
- November 4–Cristóbal Rodríguez Juárez,Spanish Catholic archbishop (b.1547)
- November 16–Trajano Boccalini,Italian satirist (b.1556)
- November 21–Rose Lok,English Marian exile (b.1526)
- November 23–Charles Philippe de Croÿ, Marquis d’Havré,Belgian noble and politician (b.1549)
- November 26–Henry Berkeley, 7th Baron Berkeley,English politician (b.1534)
- December 6–Anton Praetorius,German pastor (b.1560)
- December 7–Simon VI, Count of Lippe,imperial count and ruler of the County of Lippe (Germany) since 1563 (b.1554)
- date unknown
- Phùng Khắc Khoan,Vietnamese military strategist, politician, diplomat and poet (b.1528)
- Beatrice Michiel,Venetian spy (b.1553)
1614
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Maeda_Toshinaga.jpg/110px-Maeda_Toshinaga.jpg)
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![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Raja_Man_Singh_the_Great_%2C_Of_Amer.jpg/110px-Raja_Man_Singh_the_Great_%2C_Of_Amer.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Lellis2.jpg/110px-Lellis2.jpg)
- January 2–Serafino Porrecta,Italian theologian (b.1536)
- January 21–Morosina Morosini-Grimani,Venetian patrician and dogaressa (b.1545)
- February 5–Jakob Ebert,German theologian (b.1549)
- February 13–Thomas Cambell,Lord Mayor of London (b.1536)
- February 23–Murakoshi Naoyoshi,Japanese samurai (b.1562)
- February 27–John Harington, 2nd Baron Harington of Exton,England (b.1592)
- February 28–Jean Richardot the Younger,Belgian politician (b.1570)
- March 5–Thomas Pounde,English Jesuit lay brother (b.1538)
- March 14–Henrich Smet,Flemish physician (b.1535)
- March 22–Filippo Salviati,Italian astronomer (b.1582)
- April 2–Henri I de Montmorency,Marshal of France(b.1534)
- April 7–El Greco,or Domênikos Theotokópoulos (Greek: Δομήνικος Θεοτοκόπουλος),Cretianpainter, sculptor and architect (b.1541)[173]
- April 28–John Egerton,English politician (b.1551)
- May 3–Sasbout Vosmeer,Dutch Apostolic Vicar (b.1548)
- June 13–Sengoku Hidehisa,Japanese daimyō (b.1552)
- June 15–Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton,important English aristocrat and courtier (b.1540)
- June 17–William Bathe,Irish Jesuit priest (b.1564)
- June 27–Maeda Toshinaga,Japanese daimyō (b.1562)
- July 1
- Maximilian of Austria,Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela (1603–1614) (b.1555)
- Isaac Casaubon,French-born classical scholar (b.1559)
- July 4–Johannes Magirus the elder,German Lutheran theologian (b.1537)
- July 6
- Sir Anthony Cope, 1st Baronet,English politician (b.1548)
- Man Singh I,Rajput Raja ofAmer, India(b.1550)
- July 14–Camillus de Lellis,Italian saint (b.1550)
- July 15–Pierre de Bourdeille, seigneur de Brantôme,French historian and biographer
- July 16–Tsarevich Ivan Dmitriyevich,pretender to the Russian throne, son ofFalse Dmitry II(b.1611)
- July 19–Akizuki Tanenaga,Japanese samurai (b.1567)
- July 28–Felix Plater,Swiss physician (b.1536)
- July 30–Walter Cope,English noble (b.1553)
- August 3–François de Bourbon, Prince of Conti,third son of Louis I de Bourbon (b.1558)
- August 11–Lavinia Fontana,Italian painter (b.1552)[174]
- August 21–Elizabeth Báthory,Hungarian noblewoman and purported serial killer (b.1560)[175]
- August 22–Philipp Ludwig, Count Palatine of Neuburg,Duke of Palatinate-Neuburg from 1569 until 1614 (b.1547)
- September–Giovanni de Macque,Dutch composer (b. c.1550)
- September 21–Jerome Gratian,Spanish Carmelite and writer (b.1545)
- October 2–Carlo Sellitto,Italian painter (b.1581)
- October 9–Bonaventura Vulcanius,Flemish Renaissance humanist (b.1538)
- October 15–Peder Claussøn Friis,Norwegian clergyman and author (b.1545)
- October 26–Sibylla of Anhalt,Duchess consort of Württemberg (1593–1608) (b.1564)
- November 15–Catherine, Duchess of Braganza,Portugueseinfanta(princess), claimant to the throne following the death of King Henry (b.1540)
- November 29–Mogami Yoshiaki,Japanese daimyō of the Yamagata domain (b.1546)
- December 27–Maximiliaan de Vriendt,Dutch new Latin poet and a civic office-holder in the city of Ghent (b.1559)
- Bartholomäus Scultetus,mayor ofGörlitz(b.1540)
- Ebba Stenbock,politically active Swedish-Finnish noblewoman
1615
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Agnolo_Bronzino_-_Maria_%28di_Cosimo_I%29_de%27_Medici.jpg/110px-Agnolo_Bronzino_-_Maria_%28di_Cosimo_I%29_de%27_Medici.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/John_Ogilvie_martyr.jpg/110px-John_Ogilvie_martyr.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Portrait_of_Cherubini_Alberti.jpg/110px-Portrait_of_Cherubini_Alberti.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Gervase.jpg/110px-Gervase.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Anonymous_Portrait_of_Gerard_Reynst_circa_1650.jpg/110px-Anonymous_Portrait_of_Gerard_Reynst_circa_1650.jpg)
- January 15–Virginia de' Medici,Italian princess (b.1568)
- January 16–Roger Fenton,English clergyman (b.1565)
- January 31–Claudio Acquaviva,Italian Jesuit priest, elected (in1581) the 5th Superior General of the Society of Jesus (b.1543)
- February 4–Giambattista della Porta,Italian scholar, polymath, playwright (b.1535)
- February 3orFebruary 5–Dom Justo Takayama,Japanese warlord (b.1552)
- March 4–Hans von Aachen,German painter (b.1552)
- March 6–Pieter Both,first Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b.1568)
- March 10–John Ogilvie,Scottish Catholic Jesuit martyr (b.1579)
- March 19–Henry Pierrepont,English politician (b.1546)
- March 27–Margaret of Valois,Queen of France (b.1553)[176]
- April 1–Miklós Istvánffy,Hungarian politician (b.1538)
- April 12–William Lower,British astronomer (b.1570)
- May 4–Adriaan van Roomen,Flemish mathematician (b.1561)
- May 5–Juan Fernandez Pacheco, 5th Duke of Escalona,Spanish noble and diplomat (b.1563)
- May 9–John Perrin,English translator (b.1558)
- May 15
- Henry Bromley,English politician (b.1560)
- William Wilson,English priest (b.1545)
- May 20–Dirck van Os,Dutch merchant (b.1556)
- June 2
- Kuwana Yoshinari,Japanese samurai (b.1551)
- Kimura Shigenari,Japanese samurai (b.1593)
- June 3
- Hattori Masanari,Japanese samurai (b.1565)
- Sanada Yukimura,Japanese samurai (b.1567)
- June 4–Ujiie Yukihiro,Japanese samurai and feudal lord, from the Sengoku period to the beginning of Edo period (b.1546)
- June 23
- Roland Lytton,English politician (b.1561)
- Mashita Nagamori,minor Japanesedaimyō(b.1545)
- July 26–Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia(b.1550)
- July 30–Evert Horn,Swedish soldier (b.1585)
- August 7–Melchior Vulpius,German singer and composer (b.1570)
- August 23– DukeFrançois de Joyeuse(b.1562)
- September 1–Étienne Pasquier,French lawyer and man of letters (b.1529)
- September 9–Virginio Orsini, Duke of Bracciano(b.1572)
- September 11–Vitus Miletus,German theologian (b.1549)
- September 25–Arbella Stuart,English noblewoman and woman of letters (b.1575)
- October 9–Hasan Kafi Pruščak,Bosnian scholar and judge (b.1544)
- October 16
- Françoise de Cezelli,French war hero (b.1558)
- Ferenc Forgách, Archbishop of Esztergom,Roman Catholic archbishop (b.1560)
- October 18–Cherubino Alberti,Italian engraver and painter (b.1553)
- October 31–Marcantonio Memmo,Doge of Venice (b.1536)
- November 6–Sir Richard Musgrave, 1st Baronet,English politician (b.1585)
- November 14–John Leveson,English politician (b.1555)
- November 15–Anne Turner,English murderer (b.1576)
- November 20–Gervase Helwys,English murderer (b.1561)
- November 24–Sethus Calvisius,German calendar reformer (b.1556)
- November 28–William Howard, 3rd Baron Howard of Effingham,English politician and Baron (b.1577)
- November 29–George Albert II, Margrave of Brandenburg(b.1591)
- November –Edward Wright,English mathematician and cartographer (b.1561)
- December 7–Gerard Reynst,Dutch merchant (b. c.1558)
- December 26–August of Saxony,German prince (b.1589)
1616
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Charles_DArenberg.jpg/110px-Charles_DArenberg.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/William_Shakespeare_by_John_Taylor%2C_edited.jpg/110px-William_Shakespeare_by_John_Taylor%2C_edited.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Cervantes_J%C3%A1uregui.jpg/110px-Cervantes_J%C3%A1uregui.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Jacob_Le_Maire_from_Antonio_de_Herrera_India_Occidentales.png/110px-Jacob_Le_Maire_from_Antonio_de_Herrera_India_Occidentales.png)
- January 5–Simeon Bekbulatovich,khan of the Qasim Tatars, Grand Duke of Muscovy and Tver
- January 6–Philip Henslowe,English theatre manager (b.1550)
- January 18–Charles de Ligne, 2nd Prince of Arenberg,Dutch noble (b.1550)
- February 12–Anna of Nassau-Dillenburg,Countess consort of Nassau-Weilburg (b.1541)
- February 13–Anders Sørensen Vedel,Danish priest and historian (b.1542)
- February 15–George Carey,English politician (b.1541)
- February 18–Archduke Maximilian Ernest of Austria,Austrian archduke (b.1583)
- February 28
- Mikołaj Krzysztof "the Orphan" Radziwiłł,Polish-Lithuanian noble (szlachcic) (b.1549)
- Vincent Skinner,English Member of Parliament (b.1543)
- March 3–Matthias de l'Obel,physician of James I of England (b.1538)
- March 6–Francis Beaumont,dramatist in the English Renaissance theatre (b.1584)[177]
- March 8
- Maria Anna of Bavaria,daughter of William V, Duke of Bavaria and Renata von Lothringen (b.1574)
- Giulio Cesare Casseri,Italian anatomist (b.1552)
- March 19–Johannes Fabricius,Frisian/German astronomer (b.1587)
- March 21–Giacomo Castelvetro,Italian writer (b.1546)
- March 27–George Wylde I,English lawyer and politician (b.1550)
- March 31–John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp(b.1575)
- April 19–Juan de Silva,Spanish military commander and governor of the Philippines
- April 22–Miguel de Cervantes,Spanish author (b.1547)
- April 23
- (O.S., Tuesday) –William Shakespeare,English playwright and poet (b.1564)[178]
- (Inca date unknown)Inca Garcilaso de la Vega,Peruvian author (b.1539)
- April 27–Francesco Barbaro,Italian diplomat (b.1546)
- May 4–Magdalene of Brandenburg,Landgravine consort of Hesse-Darmstadt (1598–1616) (b.1582)
- May 8–Gilbert Talbot, 7th Earl of Shrewsbury,English politician and earl (b.1552)
- May 24–Margaret Clifford, Countess of Cumberland,British noble (b.1560)
- May 30–Thomas Parry,English politician (b.1541)
- June 1–Tokugawa Ieyasu,Japanese shōgun (b.1543)
- June 4–Adam Hieronim Sieniawski,Polish–Lithuanian noble (b. c.1576)
- June 9–Cornelis Schuyt,Dutch organist and composer (b.1557)
- June 18–Thomas Bilson,English bishop (b.1547)
- June 19–Henry Robinson,English bishop (b.1553)
- July 2–Bernardino Realino,Italian Jesuit (b.1530)
- July 7
- Charles Philippe de Rodoan,third bishop of Middelburg and the fourth bishop of Bruges (b.1552)
- Anna of Württemberg,German princess (b.1561)
- July 20
- Honda Masanobu,Japanese commander anddaimyō(b.1538)
- Hugh O'Neill, 2nd Earl of Tyrone,Irish soldier (b.1540)[76]
- July 25–Andreas Libavius,German physician and chemist (b.1555)
- July 29–Tang Xianzu,Chinese playwright and poet (b.1550)
- July 31–Roger Wilbraham,Solicitor-General for Ireland (b.1553)
- August 3–Hans Meinhard von Schönberg,German military commander (b.1582)
- August 7
- Scipione Gentili,Italian law professor and legal writer (b.1563)
- Vincenzo Scamozzi,Italian architect (b.1548)
- August 8
- Cornelis Ketel,Dutch painter (b.1548)
- Henry Lennard, 12th Baron Dacre,English baron and politician (b.1570)
- August 31–Henry Poole,English politician (b.1541)
- September 24
- Henry Baynton,English Member of Parliament (b.1571)
- John Scott,English politician (b.1570)
- September 29–Henry Clinton, 2nd Earl of Lincoln,English politician (b.1539)
- October 10–Countess Maria of Nassau(b.1556)
- October 11–Aleksander Józef Lisowski,Polish noble (szlachcic) (b.1580)
- October 17–John Pitts,Catholic scholar and writer (b.1560)
- October 21–Sakazaki Naomori,Japanesedaimyō(b.1563)
- October 23–Leonhard Hutter,German theologian (b.1563)
- October 27–Johannes Praetorius,German astronomer and mathematician (b.1537)
- November 3–Agnes Hedwig of Anhalt,Abbess of Gernrode, Electress of Saxony, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderborg-Plön (b.1573)
- November 8–Robert Dormer, 1st Baron Dormer,English politician (b.1551)
- November 14–William Harris,English knight (b.1556)
- November 20–Matsumae Yoshihiro,Japanese daimyo of Ezochi (Hokkaidō) (b.1548)
- December 6–Ahmad Ibn al-Qadi,Moroccan writer, judge and mathematician (b.1552)
- November 23–Richard Hakluyt,English author, editor and translator (b.1553)
- December 7–Guillaume Fouquet de la Varenne,French chef (b.1560)
- December 22–Jacob Le Maire,Dutch mariner (b.1585)
- December 24–György Thurzó,Palatine of Hungary (b.1567)
- December 31–Jan Szczęsny Herburt,Polish political writer (b.1567)
- Shimozuma Chūkō,Japanese monk of the Hongan-ji (b.1551)
- Meir Lublin,Polish rabbi (b.1558)
- Hendrick Christiaensen,Dutch explorer
- Krzysztof Klabon,Polish Renaissance composer (b.1550)
- Alexander Whitaker,Virginia Colony religious leader (b.1585)
1617
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/John_Napier.jpg/110px-John_Napier.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/DorotheaMariavonSachsen-Weimar.jpg/110px-DorotheaMariavonSachsen-Weimar.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Emperor_Go-Yozei3.jpg/110px-Emperor_Go-Yozei3.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Suarez_LOC_hec.13754_%28cropped%29.jpg/110px-Suarez_LOC_hec.13754_%28cropped%29.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/CharlottedeBeauneSemblancay.jpg/110px-CharlottedeBeauneSemblancay.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Alphonse_Rodriguez%2C_After_Anton_Wierix_II_%28ca_1552_-_ca_1624%29.jpg/110px-Alphonse_Rodriguez%2C_After_Anton_Wierix_II_%28ca_1552_-_ca_1624%29.jpg)
- January 1–Hendrik Goltzius,Dutch painter (b.1558)
- January 6–Dorothea of Denmark, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburgfrom 1561 to 1592 as the consort of Duke William (b.1546)
- January 16–Wolf Dietrich Raitenau,Prince-Archbishopof Salzburg (b.1559)
- January 17–Faust Vrančić,Croatian inventor (b.1551)
- January 28–Karl II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels,Duke of Oels and Duke of Bernstadt (b.1545)
- February 3–Prospero Alpini,Italian physician and botanist from the Republic of Venice (b.1553)
- February 8–Edward Talbot, 8th Earl of Shrewsbury,English politician and earl (b.1561)
- February 11–Giovanni Antonio Magini,Italian mathematician, cartographer and astronomer (b.1555)
- February 16–Kaspar Ulenberg,German theologian (b.1549)
- March 1–Edward Hoby,English politician (b.1560)
- March 20–François d'Aguilon,Belgian Jesuit mathematician (b.1567)
- March 21–Pocahontas,Algonquian (Native American) princess (b. c.1596)[179]
- March 27–George II, Duke of Pomerania,non-reigning Duke of Pomerania (b.1582)
- April 1–Ralph Eure, 3rd Baron Eure,English politician (b.1558)
- April 4–John Napier,Scottish mathematician (b.1550)[180]
- April 5–Alonso Lobo,Spanish composer (b.1555)
- May 3–Aleixo de Menezes,Portuguese Catholic archbishop (b.1559)
- May 7
- David Fabricius,Frisian astronomer (b.1564)
- Jacques Auguste de Thou,French historian (b.1553)
- May 11–Jean Chapeauville,Belgian theologian and historian (b.1551)
- May 16–Nicolas de Montmorency(b.1556)
- May 29–Roger Owen,English politician (b.1573)
- June 20–Raja Wodeyar I,King of Mysore (b.1552)
- June 27–Jerome Xavier,Spanish Jesuit missionary (b.1549)
- July 8–Leonora Dori,French noble (b.1571)
- July 9–John Herbert,Welsh politician (b.1550)
- July 13–Adam Wenceslaus, Duke of Cieszyn,Duke of Teschen (b.1574)
- July 18–Dorothea Maria of Anhalt(b.1570)
- August 7–Otto, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel,Hereditary Prince of Hesse-Kassel, Administrator of Hersfeld Abbey (b.1594)
- August 8–Frederick IV of Fürstenberg,German noble (b.1563)
- August 13–Johann Jakob Grynaeus,Swiss Protestant clergyman (b.1540)
- August 24–Rose of Lima,Peruvian saint (b.1586)
- August 28–William Willoughby, 3rd Baron Willoughby of Parham,English baron (b.1584)
- September 9–Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn,German bishop (b.1545)
- September 25
- Emperor Go-Yōzeiof Japan (b.1571)
- Francisco Suárez,Spanish Jesuit priest (b.1548)
- September 27–John Ernest of Nassau-Siegen,German general (b.1582)
- September 30–Charlotte de Sauve,French courtesan (b.1551)
- October 10–Bernardino Baldi,Italian mathematician and writer (b.1553)
- October 11–François Vranck,Dutch statesman and justice (b.1555)
- October 14–Isaac Arnauld,French noble (b.1566)
- October 19–David Hoeschel,German librarian (b.1556)
- October 22–Matthias Hafenreffer,German Lutheran theologian (b.1561)
- October 27–Ralph Winwood,English politician (b. c.1563)
- October 31–Alphonsus Rodriguez,Spanish Jesuit lay brother, saint (b.1532)
- November 10–Barnabe Rich,English soldier and writer (b. c.1540)
- November 12–Nicolas de Neufville, seigneur de Villeroy,secretary of state under four kings of France (b.1543)
- November 17– PrincessDorothea, Abbess of Quedlinburg(b.1591)
- November 22–Ahmed I,Ottoman Emperor(b.1590)
- Tarquinia Molza,Italian singer (b.1542)
1618
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/MmeAcarie.jpg/110px-MmeAcarie.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Nicol%C3%B2_Rusca.jpg/110px-Nicol%C3%B2_Rusca.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Jakob_Rem_S.J.%2C_Votivbild_1850.jpg/110px-Jakob_Rem_S.J.%2C_Votivbild_1850.jpg)
- January 6–Margherita Gonzaga, Duchess of Ferrara(b.1564)
- January 19–Jacobus Zaffius,Dutch Catholic provost (b.1535)
- January 24–Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham,English peer and traitor (b.1564)
- January 29–John Dackombe,Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (b.1570)
- February 3–Philip II, Duke of Pomerania-Stettin (b.1573)
- February 10–Feliks Kryski,Grand Chancellor of Poland (b.1562)
- February 14–Paolo Emilio Sfondrati,Italian Catholic cardinal (b.1560)
- February 20–Philip William, Prince of Orange,eldest son of William the Silent, by his first wife Anna van Egmont (b.1554)
- February 25–Elizabeth Spencer, Baroness Hunsdon,English baroness (b.1552)
- February 27–Anne Lyon, Countess of Kinghorne,Scottish countess (b.1579)
- March 5
- John, Duke of Östergötland(b.1589)
- Countess Palatine Barbara of Zweibrücken-Neuburgand by marriage Countess of Oettingen-Oettingen (b.1559)
- March 16–Giovanni Bembo,Doge of Venice (b.1543)[181]
- March 23–James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Abercorn,Scottish politician (b. c.1575)
- March 26–Frederick Magnus, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau(1606–1618) (b.1575)
- March 31–Pedro Cornejo de Pedrosa,Spanish theologian (b.1536)
- April –Chief Powhatan(proper name Wahunsenacawh), Algonquin (indigenous American) leader, father ofPocahontas(b. c.1547)
- April 5–Robert Barker,English politician (b.1563)
- April 14–Giovanni Battista Zuccato,Italian Catholic prelate, Bishop of Nusco (1607–1614) (b.1543)
- April 18–Marie of the Incarnation,Carmelite (b.1566)
- May 9–Nicolò Donato,Doge of Venice (b.1539)
- May 24–John George I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau(1603–1618) (b.1567)
- May 31–Sabina Catharina of East Frisia,Countess of Rietberg (1586–1618) (b.1582)
- June 7–Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr,English Governor of Virginia (b.1577)
- June 21–Kasper Hassler,German musician (b.1562)
- July 20–James Montague,British bishop (b.1568)
- July 24–Nicolò Rusca,Italian priest who served in Como (b.1563)
- July 26–Martinus Smiglecius,Polish philosopher (b.1564)
- August 7–Princess Maria Elizabeth of Sweden,Swedish princess (b.1596)
- August 23–Gerbrand Adriaenszoon Bredero,Dutch writer (b.1585)
- August 28–Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia(b.1553)
- September 3–Frederik van den Bergh,Dutch soldier in theEighty Years' War(b.1559)
- September 28–Joshua Sylvester,English poet (b.1563)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Execution_of_Sir_Walter_Raleigh.jpg/150px-Execution_of_Sir_Walter_Raleigh.jpg)
- October 12–Jakob Rem,Austrian Jesuit (b.1546)
- October 24–Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel,German noblewoman (b.1567)
- October 29– SirWalter Raleigh,English soldier, politician, courtier, explorer, Virginia settler, historian, poet and spy (executed) (b.1552of 1554)[182]
- October 30
- Charles, Margrave of Burgau,German nobleman (b.1560)
- Prospero Farinacci,Italian jurist (b.1554)
- November 2–Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria(b.1558)
- November 14–Anna Maria of Brandenburg,Duchess Consort of Pomerania (b.1567)
- December 6–Jacques Davy Duperron,French cardinal (b.1556)
- December 7–Bernardo de Sandoval y Rojas,Spanish Catholic cardinal,Grand Inquisitor(b.1546)
- December 9–Valentine Knightley,English politician (b.1555)
- December 10–Giulio Caccini,Italian composer (b.1551)[183]
- December 14–Anna of Tyrol,Holy Roman Empress (b.1585)
- December 17–Roger Puleston,Welsh politician (b.1565)[184]
- Ebba Bielke,Swedish baroness and conspirator (b.1570)
- Christina Rauscher,German official and critic of witchcraft persecutions (b.1570)
1619
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/6655_-_Roma_-_Ettore_Ferrari%2C_Giulio_Cesare_Vanini_%281889%29_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_6-Apr-2008.jpg/110px-6655_-_Roma_-_Ettore_Ferrari%2C_Giulio_Cesare_Vanini_%281889%29_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_6-Apr-2008.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Taj_Bibi_Bilqis_Makani.jpg/110px-Taj_Bibi_Bilqis_Makani.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/San_Lorenzo_da_Brindisi.jpg/110px-San_Lorenzo_da_Brindisi.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sur_Singh_of_Marwar.jpg/110px-Sur_Singh_of_Marwar.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Ludovico_Carracci_by_Emilian_School%2C_17th_Century.jpg/110px-Ludovico_Carracci_by_Emilian_School%2C_17th_Century.jpg)
- January 7–Nicholas Hilliard,English miniature painter (b. c.1547)
- January 11–Diane de France,Duchess of Angoulême (b.1538)
- January 15–Thomas Clinton, 3rd Earl of Lincoln,English politician (b.1568)
- January 20–Éléonore de Bourbon,Dutch princess (b.1587)
- February 3–Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham,English conspirator (b.1564)
- February 9–Lucilio Vanini,Italian philosopher (b.1585)
- February 12–Pierre de Larivey,Italian-born French dramatist (b.1549)
- February 16–William Couper,Scottish bishop of Galloway (b.1568)
- March 2
- William Cooke,English politician (b.1572)
- Anne of Denmark,Queen ofJames I of England(b.1574)[185]
- March 5–Demeter Naprágyi,Hungarian Catholic archbishop (b.1564)
- March 13–Richard Burbage,English actor (b. c.1567)[186]
- March 15
- Michael Balfour, 1st Lord Balfour of Burleigh,Scottish nobleman
- Orsolya Dersffy,Hungarian noble (b.1583)
- March 18–Chō Tsuratatsu,Japanese samurai (b.1546)
- March 20
- Ippolito Galantini,founder of the Congregation of Christian Doctrine of Florence (b.1565)
- Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor,Austrian Habsburg ruler (b.1557)
- April 5–Alexander Home, 1st Earl of Home,Scottish nobleman (b.1566)
- April 10–Thomas Jones,Anglican Archbishop of Dublin (b. c.1550)
- April 16–Denis Calvaert,Flemish painter (b.1540)
- April 18–Taj Bibi Bilqis Makani,Mughal empress (b.1573)
- April/May –William Larkin,English court portrait painter (b. early 1580s)
- May–John Overall,English bishop (b.1559)
- May 13–Johan van Oldenbarnevelt,Dutch statesman (b.1547)
- May 21–Hieronymus Fabricius,Italian anatomist (b.1537)
- May 23–Stephen Soame,Lord Mayor of London (b.1540)
- June 18–Martin Fréminet,French painter (b.1567)
- July 2–Francis II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg(1586–1619) (b.1547)
- July 22–Lawrence of Brindisi,Italian saint (b.1559)
- July 24–Nabeshima Naoshige,Japanese samurai (b.1537)
- August 3–Dorothy Percy, Countess of Northumberland,younger daughter of Walter Devereux (b. c.1564)
- August 19
- Thomas Dale,English colonial governor (b.1570)
- Jørgen Lunge,Danish politician (b.1577)
- August 29–Ferdinando Taverna,Italian Catholic cardinal (b.1558)
- August 30–Shimazu Yoshihiro,Japanese samurai and warlord (b.1535)
- September–Hans Lippershey,Dutch lensmaker (b.1570)
- September 3–John Gordon,Scottish bishop (b.1544)
- September 7
- Marko Krizin,Croatian Catholic priest (martyred) (b.1585)
- Stephen Pongracz,Hungarian saint (b.1584)
- Sur Singh,ruler of Marwar (b.1571)
- October
- Robert Peake the Elder,English court portrait painter (b. c.1551)
- Nicholas Yonge,English singer and publisher (b. c.1560)
- October 9–Joseph Pardo,Italian rabbi and merchant (b. c.1561)
- October 14–Samuel Daniel,English poet (b.1562)
- October 18–Petrus Gudelinus,Belgian jurist (b.1550)
- October 19–Fujiwara Seika,Japanese philosopher (b.1561)
- November 13–Ludovico Carracci,Italian painter (b.1555)
- December 23–John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburgfrom the House of Hohenzollern (b.1572)
- December 29
- Antoine Arnauld,French lawyer (b.1560)
- Prince Jeongwon,Korean prince (b.1580)
- Bagrat VII of Kartli(b.1569)
- François d'Amboise,French jurist and writer (b.1550)
- Thomas Stephens,English Jesuit missionary in Portuguese India (b. c.1549)
- Caterina Vitale,Maltese pharmacist (b.1566)
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- ^Nobuko Adachi,Japanese and Nikkei at Home and Abroad(Cambria Press, 2010) p.111
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- ^Findly, Ellison Banks (2000).Nur Jahan: Empress of Mughal India.New York: Oxford University Press. p. 94.ISBN0-19-507488-2.
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