1675

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	16th century 17th century 18th century
Decades:	1650s 1660s 1670s 1680s 1690s
Years:	1672 1673 1674 1675 1676 1677 1678

June 24:King Philip's Warbreaks out as theWampanoagnation, led by Chief Metacomet, attacks English settlers in Massachusetts

1675 in variouscalendars

Gregorian calendar	1675 MDCLXXV
Ab urbe condita	2428
Armenian calendar	1124 ԹՎ ՌՃԻԴ
Assyrian calendar	6425
Balinese saka calendar	1596–1597
Bengali calendar	1082
Berber calendar	2625
English Regnal year	26Cha. 2– 27Cha. 2
Buddhist calendar	2219
Burmese calendar	1037
Byzantine calendar	7183–7184
Chinese calendar	Giáp dầnNăm (WoodTiger) 4372 or 4165 — to — Ất mão năm (WoodRabbit) 4373 or 4166
Coptic calendar	1391–1392
Discordian calendar	2841
Ethiopian calendar	1667–1668
Hebrew calendar	5435–5436
Hindu calendars
-Vikram Samvat	1731–1732
-Shaka Samvat	1596–1597
-Kali Yuga	4775–4776
Holocene calendar	11675
Igbo calendar	675–676
Iranian calendar	1053–1054
Islamic calendar	1085–1086
Japanese calendar	Enpō3 ( duyên bảo ３ năm )
Javanese calendar	1597–1598
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar	4008
Minguo calendar	237 beforeROC Dân trước 237 năm
Nanakshahi calendar	207
Thai solar calendar	2217–2218
Tibetan calendar	Dương mộc hổ năm (male Wood-Tiger) 1801 or 1420 or 648 — to — Âm mộc thỏ năm (female Wood-Rabbit) 1802 or 1421 or 649

June 28:TheBattle of Fehrbellinin Germany is won by Brandenburg over Sweden.

1675(MDCLXXV) was acommon year starting on Tuesdayof theGregorian calendarand acommon year starting on Fridayof theJulian calendar,the 1675th year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 675th year of the2nd millennium,the 75th year of the17th century,and the 6th year of the1670sdecade. As of the start of 1675, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events

January–March

• January 5–Franco-Dutch War–Battle of Turckheim:The French defeatAustriaandBrandenburg.
• January 29–John Sassamon,an English-educatedNative AmericanChristian,dies at Assawampsett Pond, an event which will triggera year-long warbetween theEnglish American colonistsofNew England,and theAlgonquianNative American tribes.
• February 4– The Italian operaLa divisione del mondo,byGiovanni Legrenzi,is performed for the first time, premiering in Venice at theTeatro San Luca.The new opera, telling the story of the "division of the world" after the battle between the Gods of Olympus and the Titans, becomes known for its elaborate and expensive sets, machinery, and special effects and is revived 325 years later in the year 2000.
• February 6–Nicolò Sagredois elected as the newDoge of Veniceand leader of theVenetian Republic,replacingDomenico II Contarini,who had died 10 days earlier.
• February 11– French Army MarshalLouis Victor de Rochechouart,Count of Vivonne, reinforces the rebels in theMessina revoltwith eight additional warships and three fireships to bring to 20 the number of ships that France has against the 15 warships of Spain, and breaks the Spanish blockade that had prevented food from reaching Messina.
• February 25– Netherlands scientistChristiaan Huygensfiles drawings of his invention of thebalance spring,the key component to the accuracy of portable clocks and pocket watches, in a letter to theJournal des Sçavants.
• February 27–Matthew Locke's "semi-opera"Psychepremieres at theDuke's Theatrein London.
• March 4–John Flamsteedis appointed by King Charles II as England's "astronomical observator", in effect, becoming the firstAstronomer Royal.
• March 25– England's first royal yacht,HMYMary,strikes rocks off of the coast ofAngleseywhile traveling fromDublintoChesterwith 74 passengers and crew, and quickly sinks, with the loss of 35 people.The other 39 are able to get to safety. The wreckage is not discovered until almost 300 years later, on July 11, 1971.
• March 30– The guild organisationMaîtresses couturièresis founded in Paris.

April–June

• April 13– KingCharles II of Englandsuspends Parliament after just nine weeks when the members refuse to vote additional funding to him.
• April 20– An uprising by theChaharsin the Chinese Empire region of Inner Mongolia, led by brothers Abunai Khan and Lubuzung Khan with 3,000 followers, is harshly put down by Imperial troops of the Manchu dynasty. Survivors of the battle, part of theRevolt of the Three Feudatories,are put to death.
• April 27–Lê Hy Tôngbecomes the new Emperor ofVietnamat the age of 12, after being appointed as a figurehead by the warlordTrịnh Tạcupon the death ofLê Gia Tông.
• April–EnglishmerchantAnthony de la Roché,blown off course after roundingCape Horneastabout, makes the first discovery of land south of theAntarctic Convergence,landing onSouth Georgiaand (probably)Gough Island.
• May 6– TheSiege of Ponda,an action by theMaratha Empirein southern India against theSultanate of Bijapur,ends after four weeks when theMughal Empirefails to send reinforcements. Most of the defenders are massacred after EmperorShivaji's troops storm the fortress in what is now a small city in the Indian state ofGoa.
• May 15– Afteran invasion and attempt to take overthe German principality ofBrandenburg,the army ofSwedenmakes its first conquest, forcing the surrender of the fortress atLöcknitz.
• May 18– Misirliohlu Ibrahim Pasha becomes the new ruler ofTripolitania,a province of the Ottoman Empire at the time and now part of the North African nation ofLibya.He reigns for 19 months as the Beylerbey of Tripoli.
• May 23–Sujinphaabecomes the new figurehead monarch of theAhom kingdomin northeastern India, enthroned at the capital atGarhgaon(now in the Indian state ofAssam), afterGobar Rojais deposed and executed by order of the nobles who control the nation.
• June 1– TheTorsåker witch trialsis concluded in Sweden with the execution of 71 people (65 of them women) executed on the same day at the village of Häxberget. The condemned prisoners are beheaded and their bodies are then burned.
• June 8–John Sassamon's alleged murderers are executed atPlymouth, Massachusetts.
• June 11– ArmedWampanoag warriorsare reported traveling aroundSwansea, Massachusetts.
• June 14– Colonial authorities ofRhode Island,Plymouth,andMassachusettsattempt a negotiation withMetacomet(King Philip), leader of the Wampanoags, and seek guarantees of fidelity from theNipmuckandNarragansetttribes. The negotiations end after 11 days, closing on June 25.
• June 21– Reconstruction ofSt Paul's Cathedralbegins inLondonunder the direction ofChristopher Wren,to replace the portion destroyed by theGreat Fire of Londonnine years earlier.
• June 24–King Philip's Warbreaks out, as the Wampanoags attack Swansea.
• June 26– The Wampanoag warriors begin a three-day assault on English colonial towns in theMassachusetts Bay Colonyin North America, with an assault on the villages ofRehobothandTaunton.At the same time, Massachusetts troops march to Swansea, to join thePlymouth Colonytroops. The warriors elude colonial troops and leave Mount Hope forPocasset, Massachusetts.TheMohegantribe travels toBoston,in order to assist the English colonists against the Wampanoags.
• June 28–Brandenburgdefeats theSwedish Armyin theBattle of Fehrbellin.

July–September

• July 15– TheNarragansett tribesigns a peace treaty withConnecticut.
• July 16–24– An envoy fromMassachusettsattempts to negotiate with theNipmucktribe.
• August 2–4– The Nipmucks attack Massachusetts troops and besiegeBrookfield, Massachusetts.
• August 10– KingCharles II of Englandplaces the foundation stone of theRoyal Greenwich ObservatorynearLondon;construction begins.
• August 13– The Massachusetts Council orders that Christian Indians are to be confined to designated praying towns.
• September 1–2– While Wampanoags and Nipmucks attackDeerfield, Massachusetts,Captain Samuel Moseley commands Massachusetts troops in an attack on thePennacooktribe.
• September 12– English colonists abandon Deerfield, Squakeag, and Brookfield due to a coalition of Indian attacks.
• September 15– TheBremen-Verden Campaignof theNorthern Warsbegins, with the invasion of Amt Wildeshausen by theMünsterarmy, and their advance onVerdenvia the city ofBremen.
• September 18– The Narragansetts sign a treaty with the English in Boston; meanwhile, Massachusetts troops are ambushed nearNorthampton, Massachusetts.
• September 20– In England, a fire destroys most of the town ofNorthampton.According to a contemporary account, "the market place (which was a very goodly one), the stately church of Allhallows, 2 other parish churches and above three-fourth parts of the whole town was consumed and laid in ashes.".

October–December

• October 5– ThePocomtuctribe attacks and destroys the English settlement atSpringfield, Massachusetts.
• October 13– The Massachusetts Council convenes and agrees that all Christian Indians should be ordered to move toDeer Island.
• October 29–Gottfried Leibnizmakes the first use of the long s (∫) as a symbol of the integral in calculus.
• November 2– Commissioners of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and the Plymouth Colony (which are later merged into Massachusetts) begin a 10-day discussion on organizing a united force to attack the Narragansett tribe.
• November 11
  • Guru Teg Bahadur,ninth of theSikh gurus,is executed by Mughal rulers, proclaiming that he prefers death rather than disavowing the right of Hindus to practice their own religion. He is succeeded byGuru Gobind Singh,who becomes the tenthGuru.
  • Gottfried Leibnizmakes the earliest known use ofinfinitesimal calculusin the breaking down of afunction.
• December 11–Antonio de Vea expeditionentersSan Rafael Lakein western Patagonia.
• December 19– United colonial forces attack the Narragansetts at theGreat Swamp Fight.
• December 24–1675–1676 Malta plague epidemicbegins.

Date unknown

• Giovanni Cassinidiscovers theCassini Divisionin therings of Saturn.
• Antonie van Leeuwenhoekbegins to use amicroscopefor observing human tissues and liquids.

Births

Guillaume Delisle

• January 16–Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon,French writer (d.1755)
• January 27–Erik Benzelius the younger,Swedish priest (d.1743)
• February 21–Franz Xaver Josef von Unertl,Bavarian politician (d.1750)
• February 28–Guillaume Delisle,French cartographer (d.1726)
• March 31–Pope Benedict XIV(d.1758)
• May 29–Humphry Ditton,English mathematician (d.1715)
• June 1–Francesco Scipione, marchese di Maffei,Italian archaeologist (d.1755)
• July 5–Mary Walcott,American accuser at the Salem witch trials
• July 12–Evaristo Abaco,Italian composer (d.1742)
• July 14–Claude Alexandre de Bonneval,French soldier (d.1747)
• September 2–William Somervile,English poet (d.1742)
• September 3–Paul Dudley,Attorney-General of Massachusetts (d.1751)
• September 27–Dorothea Krag,Danish General Postmaster and noble (d.1754)
• October 11–Samuel Clarke,English philosopher (d.1729)
• October 21–Emperor Higashiyamaof Japan (d.1710)
• October 24–Richard Temple, 1st Viscount Cobham,English soldier and politician (d.1749)
• date unknown
  • William Jones,Welsh mathematician (d.1749)
  • Tarabai,Indian queen regent of the Maratha Empire (d.1761)
  • Cille Gad,Norwegian poet (d.1711)

Deaths

Gerrit Dou

Guru Tegh Bahadur

Johannes Vermeer

• January 9–Francesco Maria Brancaccio,Catholic cardinal (b.1592)
• January 26–Domenico II Contarini,Doge of Venice (b.1585)
• February 8–Anna Moroni,Italian educator (b.1613)
• February 9–Gerhard Douw,Dutch painter (b.1613)
• February 10–Gervase Holles,English Member of Parliament (b.1607)
• March 14–Francis Davies,British bishop (b.1605)
• March 18–Arthur Chichester, 1st Earl of Donegall,Irish soldier (b.1606)
• April 8–Veit Erbermann,German theologian (b.1597)
• April 10–Dorothea of Saxe-Altenburg,Duchess of Saxe-Altenburg by births and by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Eisenach (b.1601)
• April 12–Richard Bennett,British Colonial Governor of Virginia (b.1609)
• May 1–Jonathan Rashleigh,English politician (b.1591)
• May 6–August Philipp, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck,Danish-German prince and member of the House of Oldenburg (b.1612)
• May 18
  • Stanisław Lubieniecki,Polish Socinian theologian (b.1623)
  • FatherJacques Marquette,French missionary and explorer (b.1636)
• May 27–Gaspard Dughet,French painter (b.1613)
• June 5–John Mordaunt, 1st Viscount Mordaunt,English politician (b.1626)
• June 11
  • Sir Anthony Cope, 4th Baronet,English Member of Parliament (b.1632)
  • Dorothea Maria of Saxe-Weimar, Duchess of Saxe-Zeitz,by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Zeitz (b.1641)
• June 12–Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy(b.1634)
• July 14–Daniel Hallé,French painter (b.1614)
• July 20–Giles Strangways,English politician (b.1615)
• July 25–Johan Stiernhöök,Swedish lawyer (b.1596)
• July 27–Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne,Marshal of France (b.1611)
• July 28–Bulstrode Whitelocke,English lawyer (b.1605)
• August 5–Brynjólfur Sveinsson,Icelandic bishop and scholar (b.1605)
• August 16–António Luís de Meneses, 1st Marquis of Marialva,Portuguese general and noble (b.1596)
• August 29–Joachim Irgens von Westervick,Dano–Norwegian nobleman (b.1611)
• September 8
  • Amalia of Solms-Braunfels,Princess consort toFrederick Henry(b.1602)
  • Frederick, Count of Nassau-Weilburg,ruling Count of Nassau-Weilburg (b.1640)
• September 18–Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine(b.1604)
• September 23–Valentin Conrart,French founder of theAcadémie française(b.1603)
• October 10–Tommaso Tamburini,Italian theologian (b.1591)
• October 15–William Wadsworth,American colonial pioneer (b.1594)
• October 26–William Sprague,English co-founder of Charlestown, Massachusetts (b.1609)
• October 27–Gilles de Roberval,French mathematician (b.1602)
• November–Feodosia Morozova,Russian religious dissident martyr (b.1632)
• November 1–Guru Tegh Bahadur,9th Sikh Guru (b.1621)
• November 4–Remigius van Leemput,painter from the Southern Netherlands (b.1607)
• November 10–Leopoldo de' Medici,Italian Catholic cardinal (b.1617)
• November 11–Thomas Willis,English doctor who played an important part in the history of anatomy (b.1621)
• November 15–Preben von Ahnen,German-born civil servant and landowner in Norway (b.1606)
• November 21–George William, Duke of Liegnitz(b.1660)
• November 28–Basil Feilding, 2nd Earl of Denbigh,English Civil War soldier (b. c.1608)
• November 28–Leonard Hoar,American President of Harvard University (b.1630)
• November 30
  • Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore,colonial Governor of Maryland (b.1605)
  • Sir John Lowther, 1st Baronet, of Lowther,English politician (b.1605)
• December 6–John Lightfoot,English churchman, scholar (b.1602)
• December 15(bur.)–Johannes Vermeer,Dutch painter (b.1632)
• December 16–Armand-Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force,Marshal of France (b.1580)
• December 23–Caesar, duc de Choiseul,French marshal and diplomat (b.1602)
• date unknown–Margareta Beijer,director of the Swedish Royal Post Office (b.1625)