1687
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1687(MDCLXXXVII) was acommon year starting on Wednesdayof theGregorian calendarand acommon year starting on Saturdayof theJulian calendar,the 1687th year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 687th year of the2nd millennium,the 87th year of the17th century,and the 8th year of the1680sdecade. As of the start of 1687, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Events
[edit]January–March
[edit]- January 3– With the end of latest of theSavoyard–Waldensian warsin theDuchy of Savoybetween the Savoyard government and Protestant Italians known as theWaldensians,Victor Amadeus III,Duke of Savoy, carries out the release of 3,847 surviving prisoners and their families, who had forcibly been converted to Catholicism, and permits the group to emigrate to Switzerland.
- January 8–Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell,is appointed as the lastLord Deputy of Irelandby the English crown, and begins efforts to include more Roman Catholic Irishmen in the administration. Upon the removal of King James II in England and Scotland, the Earl of Tyrconnell loses his job and is replaced by James, who reigns briefly as King of Ireland until William III establishes his rule over the isle.
- January 27– In one of the most sensational cases in England in the 17th century, midwifeMary Hobrymurders her abusive husband, Denis Hobry, after he beats her up for the last time. Mary then dismembers his body and scatters the remains in a dunghill and in severalouthouses(or privies) in the area. Despite a defense of justifiable homicide, Mary is convicted of murder and burned at the stake.
- February 7– TheArjeplog blasphemy trialbegins for Erik Eskilsson and Amund Thorsson, two practitioners of theSami religionwho had resistedSweden's efforts at their conversion to Christianity.Eskilsson and Thorsson are acquitted of the charges after agreeing to convert to Christianity.
- February 11– In India, troops under the command ofJob Charnockof theEast India Company,preparing to go to war against the Nawab of Bengal,Shaista Khanof the Mughal empire, destroy his fortresses located atThana.[2]
- February 12– TheDeclaration of Indulgenceis issued inScotlandbyKing James VIIas one of the first steps in establishing freedom of religion in the British Isles, eliminating enforcement ofcriminal penaltiesagainst persons who failed to conform with Anglicanism. As King James II of England, he issues a similar declaration on April 4.
- March 19– The men under explorerRobert Cavelier, Sieur de La Sallemutiny, while searching for the mouth of theMississippi River.Pierre Duhaut murders La Salle, near what is nowNavasota, Texas.
April–June
[edit]- April 4– KingJames II of Englandissues theDeclaration of Indulgence(or Declaration for the Liberty of Conscience), suspending laws againstRoman Catholicsandnonconformists.[3]
- April 23–Ignatius George IIbecomesSyriac OrthodoxPatriarch of Antioch(orApril 22).[4][5]
- April 26– The Spanish city ofGuayaquil(now part ofEcuador) is attacked and looted by English and Frenchpiratesunder the command of George Hout (English) and Pierre Le Picard and Francois Groniet (French).[6]Of more than 260 pirates, 35 are killed and 46 were wounded; 75 defenders of the city died and more than 100 are wounded.
- May 6–Emperor HigashiyamasucceedsEmperor Reigen,on the throne ofJapan.
- June 14– In one of the few actions on land in theAnglo-Siamese War,English sailors on the coast of Mergui in Burma (nowMyeik, Myanmar) are massacred by Siamese troops.
July–September
[edit]- July 11–Isaac Newton'sPhilosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica,known as thePrincipia,is published by theRoyal Societyof London. In it, Newton describes his law ofuniversal gravitation,explains the laws ofmechanics,and gives a formula for thespeed of sound.The writing ofPrincipia Mathematicaushers in a tidal wave of changes in thought, significantly accelerating theScientific Revolutionby providing new and practical intellectual tools, and becomes the foundation of modernphysics.
- July 24–Morean War:Battle of Patras– TheRepublic of Venicedefeats theOttomans,which flee in panic, allowing the Venetians to capture the fortresses ofPatras,Rio,Antirrio,andLepantounopposed.
- August 12–Great Turkish War:Battle of Mohács– The Habsburg imperial army, and allies underCharles V, Duke of Lorraine,defeat theOttomanTurks,and enable Austria to conquer most of Ottoman-occupied Hungary.
- September 21–Morean War:The navy of theRepublic of Veniceraids theDalmatiancoast, and attacks Ottoman Turkish strongholds in Greece.
- September 22– TheSiege of Golconda,ordered by EmperorAurangzebofIndia'sMughal Empireagainst the capital of theGolconda sultanate,ends after nine months when a traitor inside the walled city, Sarandaz Khan, opens the first of several entrances into the fortress. The SultanAbul Hasan Qutb Shahis taken prisoner by GeneralMir Shahab ud-Din,and Golconda (now part ofHyderabadin theTelanganastate).
- September 26– Half of theParthenonis destroyed inAthensafter mortar shells are fired byRepublic of Veniceforces under the command ofFrancesco Morosiniin a battle against theOttoman Empirefor control of the city. The strike ignites a stock of gunpowder that the Ottomans had stored inside the 2,200-year-old temple, which had been completed in438 BCas a shrine to the goddessAthena.During the fighting September 23 and September 29 forcontrol of the Acropolisin theMorean War,theTemple of Athena Nikeis demolished and thePropylaeasuffers damage.
October–December
[edit]- October 20– An estimated8.7 magnitude earthquakestrikes 50 kilometres (31 mi) off of the coast ofPeruand kills at least 5,000 people, primarily from atsunamithat washes away the city ofPiscoand causes severe damage to the Spanish colonial cities of Lima, Callao and Ica.[7]
- October 31– The legend of theCharter Oakbegins as a successful attempt to hide the 1662 Royal Charter of the British colony (and now a U.S. state) ofConnecticutafterEdmund Andros,the Governor of theDominion of New England,makes a mission of attempting to confiscate the founding documents for the seven colonies that make up the new administrative area. After Governor Andros arrives in Hartford and comes to the tavern of Zachariah Sanford to demand the Connecticut Colony charter, Captain Joseph Wadsworth spirits the parchment away from the and hides the Charter in a hollowed out portion of a white oak tree on Wyllys Hyll until Andros is recalled to London.[8]
- November 8–Suleiman IIsucceeds the deposedMehmed IV,asOttoman Emperor.
- December 31– In response to the revocation of theEdict of Nantesin1685,a group ofHuguenotsset sail from France, and settle in the recently established Dutch colony at theCape of Good Hope,where, using their native skills, they establish the first South African vineyards.
Births
[edit]
- January 27–Johann Balthasar Neumann,German architect (d.1753)
- February 4–Joseph Effner,German architect (d.1745)
- March 7–Jean Lebeuf,French historian (d.1760)
- March 16–Sophia Dorothea of Hanover,queen consort of Frederick William I (d.1757)
- May 12–Johann Heinrich Schulze,German professor and polymath (d.1744)
- June 24–Johann Albrecht Bengel,German scholar (d.1752)
- September 7–Durastante Natalucci,Italian historian (d.1772)
- October 4–Robert Simson,Scottish mathematician (d.1768)
- October 5–Maria Maddalena Martinengo,Italian nun (d.1737)
- October 21–Nicolaus I Bernoulli,Swiss mathematician (d.1759)
- November 7–William Stukeley,English archaeologist (d.1765)
- December 5–Francesco Geminiani,Italian violinist and composer (d.1762)
- December 24–Richard Hancorne,Welsh clergyman (d.1732)
- December 26–Johann Georg Pisendel,German musician (d.1755)
- date unknown
- Gabriel de Clieu,French naval officer and governor ofGuadeloupe(1737-1752) (d.1774)
- Shahzada Assadullah Khan Abdali, Persian Governor ofHerat(d.1720)
Deaths
[edit]
- January 11–Jean Claude,French Protestant clergyman (b.1619)
- January 28–Johannes Hevelius,Polish astronomer (b.1611)
- January 31–Francisco Varo,Spanish linguist (b.1627)
- February 15–Marie Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel,German noblewoman (b.1638)
- February 16–Charles Cotton,English poet and writer (b.1630)
- February 22–Jean Hamon,French doctor and writer (b.1618)
- February 26–Magdalena Elisabeth of Hanau,German noblewoman (b.1611)
- March 19–René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle,French explorer (b.1643)
- March 20–Margravine Magdalene Sibylle of Brandenburg-Bayreuth,Electress of Saxony by marriage (b.1612)
- March 20–Marie Eleonore of Dietrichstein,Countess of Kaunitz and Oppersdorf (b.1623)
- March 22–Jean-Baptiste Lully,French composer, establishedoperain France (b.1632)
- March 28–Constantijn Huygens,Dutch poet and composer (b.1596)
- April 12–Ambrose Dixon,Virginia Colony pioneer (b. c.1628)
- April 16–George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham,English statesman (b.1628)
- April 20–Richard Olmsted,Connecticut settler (b.1612)
- April 23–Ferdinand Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg(b.1636)
- April 25–Johannes Caioni,Transylvanian Franciscan friar (b.1629)
- July 19–Laura Martinozzi,Duchess consort of Modena (b.1639)
- August 9–Niccolò Albergati-Ludovisi,Italian Catholic cardinal (b.1608)
- September 1–Henry More,English philosopher (b.1614)
- September 12–John Alden,English-bornMayflowercrewman (b. c.1599)
- September 28–Francis Turretin,Swiss theologian (b.1623)
- October 13–Geminiano Montanari,Italian astronomer (b.1633)
- October 19–Giulio Bartolocci,Italian Biblical scholar (b.1613)
- October 21–Edmund Waller,English poet (b.1606)
- October 24–Countess Palatine Maria Eufrosyne of Zweibrücken,Swedish princess (b.1625)
- November 4
- Jacques Leneuf de La Poterie,Norman nobleman, seigneur and fur trader in New France (b.1604)
- Johanna Walpurgis of Leiningen-Westerburg,German noblewoman, by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Weissenfels (b.1647)
- November 6–Charles de Grimaldi-Régusse,French aristocrat (b.1612)
- November 14–Nell Gwyn,English actress, a mistress ofCharles II of England(b.1650)
- November 18–Anton Janson,Dutch typefounder and printer (b.1620)
- December 10–Horatio Townshend, 1st Viscount Townshend,English viscount (b.1630)
- December 16– SirWilliam Petty,English philosopher, scientist and economist (b.1623)[9]
- December 21–Elizabeth Tilley,English pilgrim settler in North America who was one of the original passengers of theMayflower(b.1607)
- date unknown–Josias Fendall,Colonial governor of Maryland(b. c.1628)
References
[edit]- ^attribution: Steve Swayne
- ^Lieutenant Colonel D. G. Crawford,A Brief History of the Hughli District(Bengal Secretariat Press, 1902) p. 18
- ^Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992).The Chronology of British History.London: Century Ltd. pp. 196–197.ISBN0-7126-5616-2.
- ^Barsoum, Ephrem(2009).History of the Syriac Dioceses.Vol. 1. Translated by Matti Moosa. Gorgias Press. p. 1.
- ^Kiraz, George A.(2011)."Giwargis II, Ignatius".In Sebastian P. Brock; Aaron M. Butts;George A. Kiraz;Lucas Van Rompay (eds.).Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition.Gorgias Press. p. 178.RetrievedSeptember 17,2020.
- ^"Intercolonial Friction (1660—1700)", inWars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the Western Hemisphere(ABC-CLIO, 2008) p. 308
- ^"Evaluation of Tsunami Risk from Regional Earthquakes at Pisco, Peru",by Emile A. Okal, José C. Borrero and Costas E. Synolakis,Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America(2006) pp. 1634-1648
- ^"Hiding the Charter: Images of Joseph Wadsworth’s Legendary Action",ConnecticutHistory.org
- ^"Petty, Sir William | Dictionary of Irish Biography".dib.ie.RetrievedMay 27,2022.