1687 Peru earthquake
  | |
| Local date | 20 October 1687 |
|---|---|
| Magnitude | 8.7Mw |
| Epicenter | 15°12′S75°54′W/ 15.200°S 75.900°W[1] |
| Areas affected | Peru |
| Tsunami | Yes |
| Casualties | 5,000 |
The1687 Peru earthquakeoccurred at 11:30UTCon 20 October 1687. It had an estimatedmagnitudeof 8.4–8.7 and caused severe damage toLima,CallaoandIca.It triggered atsunamiand overall, about 5,000 people died.
Tectonic setting
[edit]The earthquake occurred along the boundary between theNazca Plateand theSouth American Plate.The earthquake is likely to be a result ofthrust faulting,caused by thesubductionof the Nazca plate beneath the South American plate.
The coastal parts of Peru and Chile have a history of greatmegathrust earthquakesoriginating from this plate boundary, such as the1960 Valdivia earthquake.
Damage
[edit]The port ofPiscowas completely destroyed by the tsunami, with at least three ships being swept over the remains of the town.[2]
Characteristics
[edit]The earthquake was probably followed by another large event further to the south.[2]A magnitude of 8.7 has been estimated from tsunami runup heights and by comparison with the earthquake of 1974.[3]
The tsunami was reported in Japan where it produced runups of tens of metres.[2]
Economic impact
[edit]Chile has ahistory of exporting cerealstoPerudating back to 1687 when Peru was struck by both an earthquake and astem rustepidemic.[4]Chilean soil and climatic conditions were better for cereal production than those of Peru and Chilean wheat was cheaper and of better quality than Peruvian wheat.[4][5]According to historians,Villalobos et al. 1974the 1687 events were only the detonant factor for exports to start.[4]
In the 16th and 17th century, the principal wine growing area of the Americas was in the central and southern coast of Peru.[6]In Peru, the largest wine-making centre was in the area ofIcaandPisco.[6]The earthquake destroyedwine cellarsand mud containers used for wine storage.[7]This event marked the end of the Peruvian wine-boom.[8]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^IISEE."Catalog of Damaging Earthquakes in the World (Through 2007)".Archivedfrom the original on 6 March 2010.Retrieved1 March2010.
- ^abcOkal, Borrero & Synolakis 2006.
- ^Beck & Nishenko 1990.
- ^abcVillalobos et al. 1974.
- ^Collier & Sater 2004.
- ^abHuertas Vallejos 2004.
- ^Lacoste 2004.
- ^Cortés Olivares 2005.
Sources
[edit]- Beck, Susan L; Nishenko, Stuart P (1990)."Variations in the mode of great earthquake rupture along the Central Peru Subduction Zone".Geophysical Research Letters.17(11): 1969–1972.Bibcode:1990GeoRL..17.1969B.doi:10.1029/gl017i011p01969.
- Collier, Simon; Sater, William F (2004), "1- Colonial foundations, 1540–1810 ",A History of Chile: 1808–2002,CUP,p. 10,ISBN978-0521534840
- Cortés Olivares, Hernán F (2005)."El origen, producción y comercio del pisco chileno, 1546–1931"(PDF).Universum(in Spanish).20(2). Universidad de Talca, Chile: Instituto de Estudios Humanísticos: 42–81.doi:10.4067/S0718-23762005000200005.
- Huertas Vallejos, Lorenzo (2004)."Historia de la producción de vinos y piscos en el Perú".Universum(in Spanish).19(2). Universidad de Talca, Chile: Instituto de Estudios Humanísticos: 44–61.doi:10.4067/S0718-23762004000200004.
- Lacoste, Pablo (2004)."La vid y el vino en América del Sur: el desplazamiento de los polos vitivinícolas (siglos XVI al XX)".Universum(in Spanish).19(2). Universidad de Talca, Chile: Instituto de Estudios Humanísticos: 62–93.doi:10.4067/S0718-23762004000200005.
- Okal, Emile A; Borrero, José C; Synolakis, Costas E (2006)."Evaluation of Tsunami Risk from Regional Earthquakes at Pisco, Peru"(PDF).Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.96(5): 1634–1648.Bibcode:2006BuSSA..96.1634O.doi:10.1785/0120050158.
- Villalobos, Sergio; Silva, Osvaldo; Silva, Fernando; Estellé, Patricio (1974),Historia de Chile(in Spanish), Chile:Editorial Universitaria,pp. 155–160