1770
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
1770(MDCCLXX) was acommon year starting on Mondayof theGregorian calendarand acommon year starting on Fridayof theJulian calendar,the 1770th year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 770th year of the2nd millennium,the 70th year of the18th century,and the 1st year of the1770sdecade. As of the start of 1770, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
| 1770 by topic |
|---|
| Arts and science |
| Countries |
| Lists of leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Works category |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to1770.
Events
[edit]January– March
[edit]- January 1– The foundation ofFort George, Bombayis laid by Colonel Keating, principal engineer, on the site of the formerDongri Fort.[citation needed]
- February 1–Thomas Jefferson's home atShadwell, Virginiais destroyed by fire, along with most of his books.[1]
- February 14– Scottish explorerJames Brucearrives atGondar,capital ofAbyssinia(nowEthiopia) and is received by the EmperorTekle Haymanot IIand RasMikael Sehul.[2]
- February 22–Christopher Seider,an 11-year-old boy inBostonin the BritishProvince of Massachusetts Bay,is shot and killed by a colonial official, Ebenezer Richardson. The funeral sets off anti-British protests that lead to the massacre days later.[3]
- March 5–Boston Massacre:Eleven American men are shot (five fatally) by British troops, in an event that helps start theAmerican Revolutionary Warfive years later.
- March 21– KingPrithvi Narayan Shahshifts to the newly constructedBasantapur Palacein the capital Kathmandu as the first King of Unified Kingdom of Nepal
- March 26–First voyage of James Cook:English explorer CaptainJames Cookand his crew aboardHMSEndeavourcomplete the circumnavigation ofNew Zealand.
April–June
[edit]- April 12– TheTownshend Actsare repealed by Britain's Parliament by the efforts of Prime MinisterFrederick North,with the exception of the increased duties on imported tea. The American colonists, in turn, stop their embargo on British imports.[4]
- April 18(April 19by Cook's log)[5]18:00 – First voyage of James Cook: English explorer CaptainJames Cookand his crew become the first recorded Europeans to encounter the eastern coastline of theAustraliancontinent. Land is sighted atPoint Hicks,and named after Lieutenant Hicks who first observes landform at 6am.
- April 20–Battle of Aspindza:GeorgiankingErekle IIdefeats theOttomanforces, despite being abandoned by an ally, Russian GeneralTotleben.
- April 29–First voyage of James Cook:Captain Cook drops anchor onHMSEndeavourin a wide bay, about 16 km (10 mi) south of the present city ofSydney,Australia. Because the youngbotaniston board the ship,Joseph Banks,discovers 30,000 specimens of plant life in the area, 1,600 of them unknown to European science, Cook names the placeBotany BayonMay 7.
- May 7– Fourteen-year-oldMarie Antoinettearrives at the French court.
- May 16–Marie Antoinettemarries Louis-Auguste (who later becomes KingLouis XVI of France).
- May 20– A stampede, at a celebration of the newly weddedMarie Antoinetteand Louis-Auguste in Paris, kills more than a hundred people.[6]
- June 3–
- Gaspar de Portolàand FatherJunípero SerraestablishMonterey,thepresidioofAlta Californiaterritory for Spain from1777–1822,United Mexican States1824–1846,until theCalifornia Republic.
- The 7.5MwPort-au-Prince earthquakeaffects the French colony ofSaint-Dominguewith a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme), killing 250 or more.
- June 9–Falklands Crisis (1770):Some 1,600Spanishmarines, sent by the Spanish governor ofBuenos Airesin five frigates, seizePort Egmontin theFalkland Islands.The small British force present promptly surrenders.[7]
- June 11–First voyage of James Cook:HMSEndeavourgrounds on theGreat Barrier Reef.
July– September
[edit]- July 1–Lexell's Comet(D/1770 L1) passes theEarthat a distance of 2,184,129 kilometres (1,357,155 mi), the closest approach by acometin recorded history.[8]
- July 5–Battle of ChesmaandBattle of Larga:TheRussian Empiredefeats theOttoman Empirein both battles. When the news of the defeat reaches the Ottoman city of Smyrna (July 8), the crowd attacks theGreekcommunity of the city (perceived as favourable to the Russian cause) and kills an estimated 200 Greeks and three Western Europeans (although some reports estimate the number of victims at 3,000 or even 5,000 including "3 or 4 thousands who die due to the fright" ).[9][10]
- August 1(July 21O.S.) –Russo-Turkish War (1768–74)–Battle of Kagul:Russian commanderPyotr Rumyantsevrouts 150,000 Turks.
- August 22(August 23by Cook's log) –First voyage of James Cook:Captain Cook determines thatNew Holland (Australia)is not contiguous withNew Guinea,and claims the whole of its eastern coast for Great Britain, later naming it allNew South Wales.
- c. September –Johann Gottfried HerdermeetsJohann Wolfgang von GoetheinStrasbourg.
- September 24– InHillsborough, North Carolina,theRegulator Movementriots against local authorities.[11]
October–December
[edit]- October 11–Phillis Wheatleybecomes the first African American woman to have her work published, after having written a poeticelegyto the late ReverendGeorge Whitefield.[12]
- November 14–James Brucediscovers what he believes to be the source of the Nile.
- December 7–King Louis XVofFranceissues the "Edict of December", dismissing the rebellious magistrates of theParlementsof Paris and the other 13 provinces.[13][14]
- December 24–France's Secretary of the Navy,César Gabriel de Choiseul,is fired from his position by the king.[15]
Date unknown
[edit]- Joseph Priestley,Britishchemist,recommends the use of arubberto removepencilmarks.
- Joseph-Louis LagrangeprovesBachet's Conjecture.
- TheBaron d'Holbach's (anonymous) materialist workLe Système de la Nature ou Des Loix du Monde Physique et du Monde Moralis produced inNeuchâtel.
- The lastCumanwho spoke theCuman language(István Varró) dies in Hungary.
Births
[edit]- February 21–Georges Mouton,Marshal of France (d.1838)
- March 2–Louis-Gabriel Suchet,Marshal of France (d.1826)
- March 20–Friedrich Hölderlin,German writer (d.1843)
- April 3–Theodoros Kolokotronis,Greek general (d.1843)
- April 7–William Wordsworth,English poet (d.1850)
- April 8–John Campbell,Australian public servant, politician (d.1830)
- April 11–George Canning,Prime Minister of the United Kingdom(d.1827)
- April 25–Georg Sverdrup,Norwegian philologist (d.1850)
- April 30–David Thompson,English-Canadian explorer (d.1857)
- May 10–Louis-Nicolas Davout,Marshal of France (d.1823)
- May 15–Ezekiel Hart,Canadian entrepreneur, politician (d.1843)
- May 27–Ignaz Döllinger,German anatomist, physiologist (d.1841)
- May 29–Charles Adams,second son of President John Adams (1735–1826) (d.1800)
- June 1–Friedrich Laun,German author (d.1849)
- June 3–Manuel Belgrano,Argentine politician, general in the Independence War (d.1820)
- June 4–Eleonora Charlotta d'Albedyhll,Swedish countess, poet and salon holder (d.1835)
- June 7–Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool,Prime Minister of the United Kingdom(d.1828)
- June 20–Moses Waddel,American educator/ministerand bestselling author (d.1840)
- August 1–William Clark,American explorer, Governor of Missouri Territory, and Superintendent of Indian Affairs (d.1838)
- August 3– KingFrederick William III of Prussia(d.1840)
- August 18–Dorothea von Rodde-Schlözer,German scholar (d.1825)
- August 27–Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel,German philosopher (d.1831)
- October 10–Adam Johann von Krusenstern,Baltic Germanexplorer who led theFirst Russian circumnavigation(d.1846)
- October 18–Thomas Phillips,English painter (d.1845)
- November 5–Sarah Guppy,English inventor (d.1852)
- November 19–Bertel Thorvaldsen,Danish-Icelandic sculptor (d.1844)
- December 17(bapt.)–Ludwig van Beethoven,German classical composer (d.1827)
- December 18–Nicolas Joseph Maison,Marshal of France, Minister of War (d.1840)
Deaths
[edit]- January 7–Carl Gustaf Tessin,Swedish politician (b.1695)
- January 8–John Michael Rysbrack,Flemish sculptor (b.1694)
- January 20–Charles Yorke,Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (b.1722)
- January 27–Johann Karl Philipp von Cobenzl,18th-century politician (b.1712)
- January 30–Giovanni Pietro Francesco Agius de Soldanis,Maltese linguist, historian and cleric (b.1712)
- January 27–Philippe Macquer,French historian (b.1720)
- February 26–Giuseppe Tartini,Italian composer, violinist (b.1692)
- March 5–Crispus Attucks,African-American dockworker, first to die in theBoston Massacre(b.1723)
Giovanni Battista Tiepolo - April 27–José Solís Folch de Cardona,Spanish colonial governor (b.1716)
- April 25–Jean-Antoine Nollet,French abbot, physicist (b.1700)
- May 30–François Boucher,French painter (b.1703)
- June 22–Philip Carteret Webb,English barrister (b.1702)
- June 23–Mark Akenside,English poet, physician (b.1721)
- July 17–Joseph Paris Duverney,French banker (b.1684)
- July 21–Charlotta Frölich,Swedish agronomist (b.1698)
- July 27–Robert Dinwiddie,British colonial Governor of Virginia (b.1693)
- August 15–Edward Antill (colonial politician),American winemaker (b.1701)
- August 24–Thomas Chatterton,English poet (b.1752)
- September 2–Hongzhou,Manchu prince of the Qing Dynasty (b.1712)
- September 9–Bernhard Siegfried Albinus,German anatomist (b.1697)
- September 22–Ignatius of Santhià,Italian Catholic priest (b.1686)
- September 30
- George Whitefield,English-born Methodist leader (b.1714)
- Thomas Robinson, 1st Baron Grantham,English politician and diplomat (b. c.1695)
- October 14–Benning Wentworth,colonial governor of New Hampshire (b.1696)
- October 18–John Manners, Marquess of Granby,British soldier (b.1721)
- November 9–John Campbell, 4th Duke of Argyll,Scottish politician (b. c.1693)
- November 13–George Grenville,Prime Minister of Great Britain (b.1712)[16]
- November 24–Charles-Jean-François Hénault,French historian (b.1685)
- December 4–John Perceval, 2nd Earl of Egmont,Irish politician (b.1711)
- December 5–James Stirling,Scottish mathematician (b.1692)
- December 6–Neri Maria Corsini,Italian Catholic priest and cardinal (b.1685)
References
[edit]- ^Allen Jayne,Jefferson's Declaration of Independence: Origins, Philosophy, and Theology(University Press of Kentucky, 2015) p41
- ^"Bruce, James", inEncyclopædia Britannica,11th Edition, Volume IV (Cambridge University Press, 1911) p676
- ^James Marten,Children in Colonial America(NYU Press, 2007) p173
- ^Gordon Carruth, ed.,The Encyclopedia of American Facts and Dates3rd Edition (Thomas Y. Crowell, 1962) pp78-79
- ^Hinks, Arthur R. (1935). "Nautical time and civil date".The Geographical Journal.86(2): 153–157.Bibcode:1935GeogJ..86..153H.doi:10.2307/1786590.JSTOR1786590.
- ^Helene Delalex; Alexandre Maral; Nicolas Milovanovic (2016).Marie-Antoinette.Getty Publications. p. 25.ISBN9781606064832.
- ^"Nationalism and the Falkland Islands War".Archived fromthe originalon June 5, 2011.RetrievedAugust 19,2007.
- ^"D/1770 L1 (Lexell)".Gary W. Kronk's Cometography.RetrievedJuly 2,2012.
- ^Rear, Marjorie (2015)."William Barker. Member of the Right Worshipful Levant Company 1731-1825. A Life in Smyrna"(PDF).p. 30.Archived(PDF)from the original on October 9, 2022.
- ^Blondy, Alain; Labat Saint Vincent, Xavier (2014).Malte et Marseille au XVIIIème siècle.La Fondation de Malte. p. 161.ISBN9781291435467.
- ^Charles D. Rodenbough,Governor Alexander Martin: Biography of a North Carolina Revolutionary War Statesman(McFarland, 2004) p28
- ^Vincent Carretta,Phillis Wheatley: Biography of a Genius in Bondage(University of Georgia Press, 2014) p78
- ^ Leonore Loft,Passion, Politics, and Philosophie: Rediscovering J.-P. Brissot(Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002) p55
- ^Dale K. Van Kley,The Religious Origins of the French Revolution: From Calvin to the Civil Constitution, 1560-1791(Yale University Press, 1996) p249
- ^Antony Strugnell,Diderot’s Politics: A Study of the Evolution of Diderot’s Political Thought after the Encyclopedie(Martinus Nijhoff, 2012) p123
- ^"History of George Grenville - GOV.UK".gov.uk.RetrievedJune 19,2023.
Further reading
[edit]- John Blair;J. Willoughby Rosse (1856)."1770".Blair's Chronological Tables.London:H.G. Bohn.hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t6349vh5n– via Hathi Trust.