1771
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1771(MDCCLXXI) was acommon year starting on Tuesdayof theGregorian calendarand acommon year starting on Saturdayof theJulian calendar,the 1771st year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 771st year of the2nd millennium,the 71st year of the18th century,and the 2nd year of the1770sdecade. As of the start of 1771, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Events
[edit]January– March
[edit]- January 5– The GreatKalmyk(Torghut) Migration is led byUbashi Khan,from the east bank of the LowerVolga Riverback to the homeland ofDzungaria,at this time underQing Dynastyrule.
- January 9–Emperor Go-Momozonoaccedes to the throne ofJapan,following his aunt's abdication.
- February 12– Upon the death ofAdolf Frederick,he is succeeded as King ofSwedenby his sonGustav III.At the time, however, Gustav is unaware of this, since he is abroad in Paris. The news of his father's death reaches him about a month later.
- March–War of the Regulation:North CarolinaGovernorWilliam Tryonraises a militia, to put down the long-running uprising of backcountry militias against North Carolina's colonial government.
- March 12– TheNorth Carolina General AssemblyestablishesWake County(named forMargaret Wake,the wife of North Carolina Royal GovernorWilliam Tryon) from portions ofCumberland,JohnstonandOrangecounties. Bloomsbury (later known as Wake Courthouse) is made the informal county seat.
- March 15– TheSmeatonian Society of Civil Engineersfirst meets in London, the world's oldest engineering society.[1][2]
April–June
[edit]- April 4– The first quarantines are started inMoscowandSaint Petersburgto fight thebubonic plague epidemic.Over the next 12 months, more than 52,000 people die from the plague in Moscow alone.[3]
- May–Three battles of Sarbakusa:An alliance of three of the most powerful aristocrats ofEthiopia(Goshu of Amhara,Wand Bewossen,and Fasil of Damot) defeatsRasMikael Sehuland EmperorTekle Haymanot II,taking control of Ethiopia.
- May 11– War of the Regulation: North Carolina Governor William Tryon marches his military out ofHillsborough,to come to the aid of General Hugh Waddell's beleaguered forces. Tryon's army stops at Alamance Creek, 5 miles (8.0 km) away from the Regulator army.
- May 16– War of the Regulation –Battle of Alamance:Regulators reject an appeal by Governor Tryon to peacefully disperse. Governor Tryon's forces crush the rebellion, causing many Regulators to move to frontier areas outside of North Carolina.
- May 23–Battle of Lanckorona:A force of 4,000RussiansunderAlexander Suvorovdefeat aPolishformation of 1,300 men.
- June 11— TheSociety of Gentlemen Supporters of the Bill of Rightsmeets in the London Tavern and changes its platform to a comprehensive program for British parliamentary reform in advance of the next election.[4]
July–September
[edit]- July 12– Thefirst voyage of James Cookaround the world ends asHMSEndeavourreturns to England after almost three years.
- July 13–Russo-Turkish War (1768–74):Russian forces occupy theCrimea,[5]under Prince Vasily Dolgorukov.
- July 17–Bloody Falls massacre:ChipewyanchiefMatonabbee,traveling as the guide toSamuel Hearneon his Arctic overland journey, massacres a group of unsuspectingInuit.
- August 8– The first recorded town cricket match is played, atHorsham,England.[6]
- September 8– InCalifornia,Fathers Pedro Cambon and Angel Somera foundMission Vieja,later called,Mission San Gabriel Arcángel,in what is nowSan Gabriel, California.
- September 15–17– TheMoscow plague riotresults from an outbreak ofbubonic plague,which kills 57,000.
October–December
[edit]- October 9– TheDutchmerchant shipVrouw Mariasinks off the coast of Finland; Captain Raymund Lourens and his crew escape unharmed.
- October 17– The operaAscanio in AlbabyWolfgang Mozart,age 15, premieres inMilan.
- November 3– Siamese conquest of Ha Tien ends theSiamese civil war of 1767-71.
- November 16– During the night theRiver Tyne,England, floods, destroying many bridges and killing several people; the replacement main bridge atNewcastle upon Tynewill not be completed until1781.
- December 3– The cause of action inSommersett's Case,which eventually leads to the end of slavery in Great Britain, begins when escaped slave James Somerset is found imprisoned on the shipAnn and Mary.[7]
- December 31– Men, women and children of theChoctawandChickasawtribes begin a 23-day encampment atMobile,part of the British colony ofWest Florida,at the invitation of British Southern Indian superintendent John Stuart, as their leaders negotiate a treaty.[8]
Date unknown
[edit]- The territory ofBaden-Badenis inherited byCharles Frederick, Margrave of Baden-Durlach,reunifying the territories of Baden.
- The trade monopoly withIcelandis transferred to the Danish crown.
- The North Carolina General Assembly passes an act establishing the town ofMartinsborough,named for Royal GovernorJosiah Martin,on the land of Richard Evans, which will serve as theseatofPitt County.
- Construction of thePutuo Zongcheng Templecomplex inChengde,China is completed during the reign of theQianlong Emperor.
- Limoges porcelainmanufacture is established in France.
- Slovene literature:István Küzmics,theHungarian Slovenewriter andevangelicalpastor, publishes (inHalle) theNouvi Zákon,a translation of theNew Testamentinto thePrekmurje Slovenelanguage, with discreteSouth Slavicartwork.
Births
[edit]- February 14–Hanne Tott,Danish circus artist, circus manager (d.1826)
- March 16–Antoine-Jean Gros,French painter (d.1835)
- March 20–Heinrich Clauren,German author (d.1854)
- March 25–Germanos III of Old Patras,Greek Metropolitan Bishop ofPatras(d.1826)
- April 3–Hans Nielsen Hauge,Norwegian revivalist, entrepreneur (d.1824)
- April 13–Richard Trevithick,English inventor (d.1833)
- April 18–Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg,Austrian field marshal (d.1820)
- April 27–Jean Rapp,French general (d.1821)
- May 1–Cajsa Wahllund,Finnish restaurateur (d.1843)
- May 11–Laskarina Bouboulina,Greek independence heroine (d.1825)
- May 14–Robert Owen,Welsh social reformer (d.1858)
- May 16–Louis Henri Loison,French general (d.1816)
- June 5–Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover(d.1851)
- June 24–Éleuthère Irénée du Pont,French-American chemist, industrialist (d.1834)
- August 15– SirWalter Scott,Scottish novelist,poet (d.1832)[9]
- September 5–Archduke Charles of Austria,Austrian general, statesman (d.1847)
- September 11–Mungo Park,Scottish explorer (d.1806)[10]
- September 17–Johann August Apel,German writer, jurist (d.1816)
- September 23–Emperor Kōkakuof Japan (d.1840)
- October 9–Frederick William, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel(d.1815)
- October 23–Jean-Andoche Junot,French general (d.1813)
- November 14–Xavier Bichat,French anatomist and pathologist (d.1802)
- December 14–Regina von Siebold,German physician andobstetrician(d.1849)
- December 27–William Johnson,Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States(d.1834)
- Unknown –William Lloyd,Welsh Anglican priest turned schoolteacher and Methodist preacher (d.1841)
Deaths
[edit]
- January 5–John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford,British statesman (b.1710)
- January 11–Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens,French writer (b.1704)
- January 23–Jean Charles de Saint-Nectaire,French general (b.1685)
- February 12–Adolf Frederick, King of Sweden(b.1710)
- February 20–Jean-Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan,French geophysicist (b.1678)
- March 8–Louis August le Clerc,French-born sculptor (b.1688)
- March 20–Louis-Michel van Loo,French painter (b.1707)
- May 21–Christopher Smart,English poet (b.1722)
- May 27–Anthony Ashley Cooper, 4th Earl of Shaftesbury,English philanthropist (b.1711)[11]
- June 5–Samuel Phillips (reverend),colonial American minister, 1st Pastor of theSouth ChurchinAndover(b.1690)
- June 8–George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax,English statesman (b.1716)
- July 14–Chen Hongmou,Chinese scholar and philosopher (b.1696)
- July 22–William Whitmore (British Army officer),British general (b.1714)
- July 30–Thomas Gray,English writer (b.1716)
- September 13–John Gambold,British bishop (b.1711)
- September 17–Tobias Smollett,Scottish novelist (b.1721)[12]
- October 22–Charles-Nicolas d'Oultremont,Roman Catholic bishop (b.1716)
- November 4–Charles Lucas (politician),Irish apothecary (b.1713)
- November 6–John Bevis,English physician, astronomer (b.1695)
- November 13–Konrad Ernst Ackermann,German actor (b.1712)
- December 6–Giovanni Battista Morgagni,Italian anatomist (b.1682)
- December 23–Marie-Marguerite d'Youville,Canadian saint (b.1701)
- December 26–Claude Adrien Helvétius,French philosopher (b.1715)
- December 27–Henri Pitot,Italian-born French engineer (b.1695)
References
[edit]- ^Watson, Garth (1989).The Smeatonians: The Society of Civil Engineers.London: Thomas Telford.ISBN0-7277-1526-7.
- ^Roberts, Gwilym (1995).From Kendal's Coffee House to Great George Street.London: Thomas Telford.ISBN0-7277-2022-8.
- ^John T. Alexander,Bubonic Plague in Early Modern Russia: Public Health and Urban Disaster(Oxford University Press, 2002) p150, p257
- ^Ian R. Christie,Myth and Reality in Late-eighteenth-century British Politics: And Other Papers(University of California Press, 1970) pp244-245
- ^"Ukraine".World Statesmen.2000.RetrievedNovember 1,2011.
- ^"Horsham Cricket Club History".Horsham Cricket Club. Archived fromthe originalon February 26, 2012.RetrievedNovember 1,2011.
- ^Gerald Horne,The Counter-Revolution of 1776: Slave Resistance and the Origins of the United States of America(NYU Press, 2014) p210
- ^Richmond F. Brown,Coastal Encounters: The Transformation of the Gulf South in the Eighteenth Century(University of Nebraska Press, 2007) pp59-62
- ^Edinburgh University Library (October 22, 2004)."Homes of Sir Walter Scott".Edinburgh University Library.RetrievedOctober 21,2021.
- ^Park, Mungo (2002).Travels in the interior districts of Africa.Ware: Wordsworth. p. viii.ISBN9781840226010.
- ^Landgraf, Annette (2009).The Cambridge Handel encyclopedia.Cambridge New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 586.ISBN9780521881920.
- ^MacPherson, Hamish (March 14, 2021)."Back in the Day - Pioneering novelist who turned to writing after falling on hard times".The National - Seven Days.p. 11.RetrievedMarch 14,2021.
Further reading
[edit]- John Blair;J. Willoughby Rosse (1856)."1771".Blair's Chronological Tables.London:H.G. Bohn.hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t6349vh5n– via Hathi Trust.