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1800–01 United States Senate elections

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1800–01 United States Senate elections

1798 & 1799 Dates vary by state 1802 & 1803

10 of the 32 seats in theUnited States Senate(plus special elections)
17 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party
Party Federalist Democratic-Republican
Seats before 21 (65.6%) 11 (34.4%)
Seats after 17 (54.8%) 14 (45.2%)
Seat change Decrease4 Increase3
Seats up 7 3
Races won 3 6

Results:
Federalist holdFederalist gain
Dem-Republican holdDem-Republican gain

Majority Party before election


Federalist

Elected Majority Party


Federalist

The1800–01 United States Senate electionswere held on various dates in various states, coinciding withThomas Jeffersonbeingelected to the White House.As theseU.S. Senateelections were prior to the ratification of theSeventeenth Amendmentin 1913, senators were chosen bystate legislatures.Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1800 and 1801, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due tolegislative deadlock.[1]In these elections, terms were up for the senators inClass 3.

Although theFederalistsbegan the7th Congresswith a slim majority, Jefferson'sDemocratic-Republican Partytook over the majority shortly thereafter due to mid-year special elections. By the time the first proper session of the 7th Congress met in December 1801, three seats had been gained by the Democratic-Republicans, leaving them with an overall majority of 17 seats and agovernment trifecta.

Change in composition[edit]

Before the November elections[edit]

After theNovember 6, 1800 special election in New York.

DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1
DR7 DR8 DR9
N.H.
Ran
DR10
N.Y.
Ran
DR11
N.C.
Retired
F21
Vt.
Ran
F20
S.C.
Ran
F19
Pa.
Retired
F18
Md.
Unknown
F17
Ky.
Ran
Majority →
F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F15
Conn.
Ran
F16
Ga.
Retired
F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1

Result of the November elections[edit]

DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1
DR7 DR8 DR9
Ga.
Gain
DR10
Ky.
Gain
DR11
N.Y.
Re-elected
DR12
N.C.
Hold
DR13
Pa.
Gain
DR14
S.C.
Gain
V1
Md.
F loss
F17
Vt.
Re-elected
Majority →
F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F15
Conn.
Re-elected
F16
N.H.
Gain
F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1

Beginning of the 7th Congress, March 4, 1801[edit]

DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1
DR7 DR8 DR9 DR10 DR11 DR12 DR13 DR14 F18
Md.
Appointed
F17
Majority →
F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F15 F16
F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1

End of 1801[edit]

DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1
DR7 DR8 DR9 DR10 DR11 DR12 DR13
Md.
Gain
DR14
Pa.
Hold
DR15
R.I.
Gain
DR16
S.C.
Hold
Majority → DR17
Vt.
Gain
F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F15
N.H.
Hold
F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1
Key
DR# Democratic-Republican
F# Federalist
V# Vacant

Race summaries[edit]

Except if/when noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage.

Special elections during the preceding Congress[edit]

In these special elections, the winner was seated before March 4, 1801; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral
history
New York
(Class 1)
James Watson Federalist 1798(special) Incumbent resigned March 19, 1800, to become Naval Officer of thePort of New York.
New senatorelectedApril 3, 1800.
Federalist hold.
Massachusetts
(Class 2)
Samuel Dexter Federalist 1798 Incumbent resigned May 30, 1800 to becomeU.S. Secretary of War.
New senatorelectedJune 6, 1800.
Federalist hold.
New York
(Class 3)
John Laurance Federalist 1796(special) Incumbent resigned August 1800.
New senatorelectedNovember 6, 1800.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Massachusetts
(Class 1)
Benjamin Goodhue Federalist 1796(special)
1796
Incumbent resigned November 8, 1800.
New senatorelectedNovember 14, 1800.
Federalist hold.
Maryland
(Class 3)
James Lloyd Federalist 1797(special) Incumbent resigned December 1, 1800.
New senatorelectedDecember 12, 1800.
Federalist hold.
New Jersey
(Class 1)
James Schureman Federalist 1799(special) Incumbent resigned February 16, 1801.
New senatorelectedFebruary 28, 1801.
Federalist hold.

Races leading to the next Congress[edit]

In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1801; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral
history
Connecticut Uriah Tracy Federalist 1796(special) Incumbentre-elected in May 1801.
Georgia James Gunn Federalist 1789
1794
Incumbent retired.
New senatorelectedNovember 19, 1800.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Kentucky Humphrey Marshall Federalist 1794 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senatorelectedNovember 20, 1800.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Maryland William Hindman Federalist 1797(special) Legislature failed to elect.
Incumbent was later appointed to begin the next term.
None.
New Hampshire John Langdon Democratic-
Republican
1788
1794 or 1795
Incumbent lost re-election.
New senatorelectedJune 21, 1800.
Federalist gain.
New York John Armstrong Democratic-
Republican
1800(special) Incumbentre-electedJanuary 27, 1801.
North Carolina Timothy Bloodworth Democratic-
Republican
1795 Incumbent retired.
New senatorelectedNovember 27, 1800.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Pennsylvania William Bingham Federalist 1795 Incumbent retired.
New senatorelectedFebruary 18, 1801.[12]
Democratic-Republican gain.
South Carolina Jacob Read Federalist 1794 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senatorelectedin 1800 on the second ballot.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Vermont Elijah Paine Federalist 1794 Incumbentre-electedOctober 21, 1800.

Special elections during the next Congress[edit]

In these special elections, the winner was seated after March 4, 1801; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral
history
Rhode Island
(Class 2)
Ray Greene Federalist 1797(special)
1798
Incumbent resigned March 5, 1801.
New senatorelectedMay 6, 1801.
Democratic-Republican gain.
New Hampshire
(Class 2)
Samuel Livermore Federalist 1798(special) Incumbent resigned June 12, 1801.
New senatorelectedJune 17, 1801.
Federalist hold.
Vermont
(Class 3)
Elijah Paine Federalist 1794
1800
Incumbent resigned September 1, 1801.
New senatorelectedOctober 14, 1801.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Maryland
(Class 3)
William Hindman Federalist 1800(Appointed) Incumbent appointee did not run to finish the term
New senatorelectedNovember 12, 1801on the second ballot.
Democratic-Republican gain.
South Carolina
(Class 2)
Charles Pinckney Democratic-
Republican
1798(special)
1798
Incumbent resigned June 6, 1801.
New senatorelectedDecember 3, 1801.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Pennsylvania
(Class 3)
Peter Muhlenberg Democratic-
Republican
1801 Incumbent resigned June 30, 1801.
New senatorelectedDecember 17, 1801.[19]
Democratic-Republican hold.

Connecticut[edit]

SenatorUriah Tracy

FederalistUriah Tracywas easily re-elected.

Georgia[edit]

Kentucky[edit]

Maryland[edit]

Maryland (special, 1800)[edit]

1800 United States Senate special election in Maryland
1797 December 9, 1800 1801

80 members of theMaryland General Assembly
Candidate William Hindman Richard Tilghman Earle
Party Federalist
Legislative vote 45 44
Percentage 50.56% 49.44%

William Hindmanwon election over Richard Tilghman Earle by a margin of 10.11%, or 9 votes, for the Class 3 seat.[20]

Maryland (regular)[edit]

The Maryland legislature failed to elect a senator before the March 4, 1801 beginning of the term. As such,William Hindmanwas appointed to fill the vacancy, and retired when a successor was elected.

Maryland (special, 1801)[edit]

1801 United States Senate special election in Maryland
1800 December 9, 1800 1806

80 members of theMaryland General Assembly
Candidate Robert Wright William Winder
Party Democratic-Republican Democratic-Republican
Legislative vote 60 26
Percentage 50.56% 30.23%

Robert Wrightwon election over William Winder by a margin of 39.53%, or 34 votes, for the Class 3 seat.[21]

Massachusetts[edit]

Massachusetts (special, class 2)[edit]

Massachusetts (special, class 1)[edit]

New Hampshire[edit]

New Hampshire (regular)[edit]

New Hampshire (special)[edit]

New Jersey (special)[edit]

New York[edit]

New York (regular)[edit]

New York (special, class 1)[edit]

New York (special, class 3)[edit]

North Carolina[edit]

Pennsylvania[edit]

Pennsylvania (regular)[edit]

Pennsylvania (special)[edit]

Rhode Island (special)[edit]

South Carolina[edit]

South Carolina (regular)[edit]

South Carolina (special)[edit]

Vermont[edit]

Vermont (regular)[edit]

Vermont (special)[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^"17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)".National Archives and Records Administration.February 8, 2022.
  2. ^"New York 1800 U.S. Senate, Special".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives.A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University.RetrievedJanuary 25,2018.,citing Journal of the New York Assembly, 1800. 265. The Albany Centinel (Albany, NY). April 4, 1800. Aurora. General Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). April 10, 1800. The Centinel of Liberty, or George-town and Washington Advertiser (Georgetown, DC). April 15, 1800.
  3. ^"Massachusetts 1800 U.S. Senate, Special".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives.A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University.RetrievedJanuary 25,2018.,citing Hampshire Gazette (Northhampton). June 11, 1800. The Kentucky Gazette (Le xing ton, KY). July 3, 1800.
  4. ^"New York 1800 U.S. Senate, Special".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives.A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University.RetrievedJanuary 25,2018.,citing Journal of the New York Assembly, 1800. 10, 11. Journal of the New York State Senate, 1800. 8. American Citizen and General Advertiser (New York, NY). November 10, 1800. The Centinel of Freedom (Newark, NJ). November 11, 1800. Columbian Museum and Savannah Advertiser (Savannah, GA). November 19, 1800. Universal Gazette (Washington, DC). November 20, 1800.
  5. ^"Maryland 1800 U.S. Senate, Special".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives.A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University.RetrievedJanuary 25,2018.,citing Votes and Proceedings of the Maryland State Senate, 1800. 26. Connecticut Gazette, and the Commercial Intelligencer (New London, CT). December 24, 1800. Mattern, David B., J. C. A. Stagg, Jeanne K. Cross and Susan Holbrook Perdue, ed. The Papers of James Madison, Congressional Series. Vol. 17. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 1991. 435–436.
  6. ^"Connecticut 1801 U.S. Senate".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives.A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University.RetrievedFebruary 5,2018.,citing Connecticut Gazette, and the Commercial Intelligencer (New London, CT). May 17, 1801. Impartial Journal (Stonington, CT). June 2, 1801. The Bee (New London, CT). June 3, 1801. The Bee (Hudson, NY). November 16, 1802.
  7. ^"Georgia 1800 U.S. Senate".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives.A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University.RetrievedFebruary 5,2018.,citing Columbian Museum and Savannah Advertiser (Savannah, GA). November 25, 1800.
  8. ^"Kentucky 1800 U.S. Senate".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives.A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University.RetrievedFebruary 5,2018.,citing The Palladium: A Literary and Political Weekly Repository (Frankfort, KY). November 25, 1800.
  9. ^"New Hampshire 1800 U.S. Senate".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives.A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University.RetrievedFebruary 5,2018.,citing The Ninth State: New Hampshire's Formative Years. 182.
  10. ^"New York 1801 U.S. Senate".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives.A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University.RetrievedFebruary 5,2018.,citing The Albany Centinel (Albany, NY). January 30, 1801.
  11. ^"North Carolina 1800 U.S. Senate".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives.A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University.RetrievedFebruary 5,2018.,citing Legislative Papers for 1800. Box 176. State Archives of North Carolina, Raleigh. Raleigh Register, and North-Carolina Weekly Advertiser (Raleigh, NC). December 2, 1800.
  12. ^"Our Campaigns - PA US Senate Race - Feb 18, 1801".
  13. ^"South Carolina 1800 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives.A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University.RetrievedFebruary 5,2018.,citing National Intelligencer and Washington Advertiser (Washington, DC). December 15, 1800.
  14. ^"Vermont 1800 U.S. Senate".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives.A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University.RetrievedFebruary 4,2018.,citing Journal of the New York Assembly, 1800. 265. The Albany Centinel (Albany, NY). April 4, 1800. Aurora. General Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). April 10, 1800. The Centinel of Liberty, or George-town and Washington Advertiser (Georgetown, DC). April 15, 1800.
  15. ^"New Hampshire 1801 U.S. Senate, Special".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives.A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University.RetrievedFebruary 5,2018.,citing Courier of New Hampshire (Concord, NH). June 18, 1801.
  16. ^"New Hampshire 1801 U.S. Senate, Special".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives.A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University.RetrievedFebruary 5,2018.,citing Spooner's Vermont Journal (Windsor, VT). October 20, 1801.
  17. ^"Maryland 1801 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives.A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University.RetrievedFebruary 4,2018.,citing The Albany Gazette (Albany, NY). November 21, 1796.
  18. ^"South Carolina 1801 U.S. Senate, Special".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives.A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University.RetrievedFebruary 5,2018.,citing The Augusta Chronicle and Gazette of the State (Augusta, GA). December 12, 1801.
  19. ^"Our Campaigns - PA US Senate - Special Election Race - Dec 16, 1801".
  20. ^"Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Dec 09, 1800".ourcampaigns.Retrieved2022-11-05.
  21. ^"Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Nov 12, 1801".ourcampaigns.Retrieved2022-11-05.