1800–01 United States Senate elections
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10 of the 32 seats in theUnited States Senate(plus special elections) 17 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Results: Federalist holdFederalist gain Dem-Republican holdDem-Republican gain | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The1800–01 United States Senate electionswere held on various dates in various states, coinciding withThomas Jeffersonbeingelected to the White House.As theseU.S. Senateelections were prior to the ratification of theSeventeenth Amendmentin 1913, senators were chosen bystate legislatures.Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1800 and 1801, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due tolegislative deadlock.[1]In these elections, terms were up for the senators inClass 3.
Although theFederalistsbegan the7th Congresswith a slim majority, Jefferson'sDemocratic-Republican Partytook over the majority shortly thereafter due to mid-year special elections. By the time the first proper session of the 7th Congress met in December 1801, three seats had been gained by the Democratic-Republicans, leaving them with an overall majority of 17 seats and agovernment trifecta.
Change in composition[edit]
Before the November elections[edit]
After theNovember 6, 1800 special election in New York.
DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | ||||
DR7 | DR8 | DR9 N.H. Ran |
DR10 N.Y. Ran |
DR11 N.C. Retired |
F21 Vt. Ran |
F20 S.C. Ran |
F19 Pa. Retired |
F18 Md. Unknown |
F17 Ky. Ran |
Majority → | |||||||||
F7 | F8 | F9 | F10 | F11 | F12 | F13 | F14 | F15 Conn. Ran |
F16 Ga. Retired |
F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 |
Result of the November elections[edit]
DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | ||||
DR7 | DR8 | DR9 Ga. Gain |
DR10 Ky. Gain |
DR11 N.Y. Re-elected |
DR12 N.C. Hold |
DR13 Pa. Gain |
DR14 S.C. Gain |
V1 Md. F loss |
F17 Vt. Re-elected |
Majority → | |||||||||
F7 | F8 | F9 | F10 | F11 | F12 | F13 | F14 | F15 Conn. Re-elected |
F16 N.H. Gain |
F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 |
Beginning of the 7th Congress, March 4, 1801[edit]
DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | ||||
DR7 | DR8 | DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | F18 Md. Appointed |
F17 |
Majority → | |||||||||
F7 | F8 | F9 | F10 | F11 | F12 | F13 | F14 | F15 | F16 |
F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 |
End of 1801[edit]
DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | ||||
DR7 | DR8 | DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 Md. Gain |
DR14 Pa. Hold |
DR15 R.I. Gain |
DR16 S.C. Hold |
Majority → | DR17 Vt. Gain | ||||||||
F7 | F8 | F9 | F10 | F11 | F12 | F13 | F14 | F15 N.H. Hold | |
F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 |
Key |
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Race summaries[edit]
Except if/when noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage.
Special elections during the preceding Congress[edit]
In these special elections, the winner was seated before March 4, 1801; ordered by election date.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
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Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
New York (Class 1) |
James Watson | Federalist | 1798(special) | Incumbent resigned March 19, 1800, to become Naval Officer of thePort of New York. New senatorelectedApril 3, 1800. Federalist hold. |
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Massachusetts (Class 2) |
Samuel Dexter | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent resigned May 30, 1800 to becomeU.S. Secretary of War. New senatorelectedJune 6, 1800. Federalist hold. |
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New York (Class 3) |
John Laurance | Federalist | 1796(special) | Incumbent resigned August 1800. New senatorelectedNovember 6, 1800. Democratic-Republican gain. |
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Massachusetts (Class 1) |
Benjamin Goodhue | Federalist | 1796(special) 1796 |
Incumbent resigned November 8, 1800. New senatorelectedNovember 14, 1800. Federalist hold. |
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Maryland (Class 3) |
James Lloyd | Federalist | 1797(special) | Incumbent resigned December 1, 1800. New senatorelectedDecember 12, 1800. Federalist hold. |
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New Jersey (Class 1) |
James Schureman | Federalist | 1799(special) | Incumbent resigned February 16, 1801. New senatorelectedFebruary 28, 1801. Federalist hold. |
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Races leading to the next Congress[edit]
In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1801; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
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Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Connecticut | Uriah Tracy | Federalist | 1796(special) | Incumbentre-elected in May 1801. |
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Georgia | James Gunn | Federalist | 1789 1794 |
Incumbent retired. New senatorelectedNovember 19, 1800. Democratic-Republican gain. |
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Kentucky | Humphrey Marshall | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senatorelectedNovember 20, 1800. Democratic-Republican gain. |
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Maryland | William Hindman | Federalist | 1797(special) | Legislature failed to elect. Incumbent was later appointed to begin the next term. |
None. |
New Hampshire | John Langdon | Democratic- Republican |
1788 1794 or 1795 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New senatorelectedJune 21, 1800. Federalist gain. |
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New York | John Armstrong | Democratic- Republican |
1800(special) | Incumbentre-electedJanuary 27, 1801. |
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North Carolina | Timothy Bloodworth | Democratic- Republican |
1795 | Incumbent retired. New senatorelectedNovember 27, 1800. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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Pennsylvania | William Bingham | Federalist | 1795 | Incumbent retired. New senatorelectedFebruary 18, 1801.[12] Democratic-Republican gain. |
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South Carolina | Jacob Read | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senatorelectedin 1800 on the second ballot. Democratic-Republican gain. |
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Vermont | Elijah Paine | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbentre-electedOctober 21, 1800. |
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Special elections during the next Congress[edit]
In these special elections, the winner was seated after March 4, 1801; ordered by election date.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
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Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Rhode Island (Class 2) |
Ray Greene | Federalist | 1797(special) 1798 |
Incumbent resigned March 5, 1801. New senatorelectedMay 6, 1801. Democratic-Republican gain. |
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New Hampshire (Class 2) |
Samuel Livermore | Federalist | 1798(special) | Incumbent resigned June 12, 1801. New senatorelectedJune 17, 1801. Federalist hold. |
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Vermont (Class 3) |
Elijah Paine | Federalist | 1794 1800 |
Incumbent resigned September 1, 1801. New senatorelectedOctober 14, 1801. Democratic-Republican gain. |
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Maryland (Class 3) |
William Hindman | Federalist | 1800(Appointed) | Incumbent appointee did not run to finish the term New senatorelectedNovember 12, 1801on the second ballot. Democratic-Republican gain. |
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South Carolina (Class 2) |
Charles Pinckney | Democratic- Republican |
1798(special) 1798 |
Incumbent resigned June 6, 1801. New senatorelectedDecember 3, 1801. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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Pennsylvania (Class 3) |
Peter Muhlenberg | Democratic- Republican |
1801 | Incumbent resigned June 30, 1801. New senatorelectedDecember 17, 1801.[19] Democratic-Republican hold. |
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Connecticut[edit]
FederalistUriah Tracywas easily re-elected.
This sectionneeds expansion.You can help byadding to it.(September 2020) |
Georgia[edit]
This sectionneeds expansion.You can help byadding to it.(September 2020) |
Kentucky[edit]
This sectionneeds expansion.You can help byadding to it.(September 2020) |
Maryland[edit]
Maryland (special, 1800)[edit]
This sectionneeds expansion.You can help byadding to it.(November 2022) |
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80 members of theMaryland General Assembly | ||||||||||||||||
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William Hindmanwon election over Richard Tilghman Earle by a margin of 10.11%, or 9 votes, for the Class 3 seat.[20]
Maryland (regular)[edit]
The Maryland legislature failed to elect a senator before the March 4, 1801 beginning of the term. As such,William Hindmanwas appointed to fill the vacancy, and retired when a successor was elected.
Maryland (special, 1801)[edit]
This sectionneeds expansion.You can help byadding to it.(November 2022) |
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80 members of theMaryland General Assembly | ||||||||||||||||
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Robert Wrightwon election over William Winder by a margin of 39.53%, or 34 votes, for the Class 3 seat.[21]
Massachusetts[edit]
Massachusetts (special, class 2)[edit]
This sectionneeds expansion.You can help byadding to it.(September 2020) |
Massachusetts (special, class 1)[edit]
This sectionneeds expansion.You can help byadding to it.(September 2020) |
New Hampshire[edit]
New Hampshire (regular)[edit]
This sectionneeds expansion.You can help byadding to it.(September 2020) |
New Hampshire (special)[edit]
This sectionneeds expansion.You can help byadding to it.(September 2020) |
New Jersey (special)[edit]
This sectionneeds expansion.You can help byadding to it.(September 2020) |
New York[edit]
New York (regular)[edit]
New York (special, class 1)[edit]
New York (special, class 3)[edit]
North Carolina[edit]
This sectionneeds expansion.You can help byadding to it.(September 2020) |
Pennsylvania[edit]
Pennsylvania (regular)[edit]
Pennsylvania (special)[edit]
Rhode Island (special)[edit]
This sectionneeds expansion.You can help byadding to it.(September 2020) |
South Carolina[edit]
South Carolina (regular)[edit]
This sectionneeds expansion.You can help byadding to it.(September 2020) |
South Carolina (special)[edit]
This sectionneeds expansion.You can help byadding to it.(September 2020) |
Vermont[edit]
Vermont (regular)[edit]
This sectionneeds expansion.You can help byadding to it.(September 2020) |
Vermont (special)[edit]
This sectionneeds expansion.You can help byadding to it.(September 2020) |
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^"17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)".National Archives and Records Administration.February 8, 2022.
- ^"New York 1800 U.S. Senate, Special".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives.A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University.RetrievedJanuary 25,2018.,citing Journal of the New York Assembly, 1800. 265. The Albany Centinel (Albany, NY). April 4, 1800. Aurora. General Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). April 10, 1800. The Centinel of Liberty, or George-town and Washington Advertiser (Georgetown, DC). April 15, 1800.
- ^"Massachusetts 1800 U.S. Senate, Special".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives.A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University.RetrievedJanuary 25,2018.,citing Hampshire Gazette (Northhampton). June 11, 1800. The Kentucky Gazette (Le xing ton, KY). July 3, 1800.
- ^"New York 1800 U.S. Senate, Special".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives.A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University.RetrievedJanuary 25,2018.,citing Journal of the New York Assembly, 1800. 10, 11. Journal of the New York State Senate, 1800. 8. American Citizen and General Advertiser (New York, NY). November 10, 1800. The Centinel of Freedom (Newark, NJ). November 11, 1800. Columbian Museum and Savannah Advertiser (Savannah, GA). November 19, 1800. Universal Gazette (Washington, DC). November 20, 1800.
- ^"Maryland 1800 U.S. Senate, Special".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives.A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University.RetrievedJanuary 25,2018.,citing Votes and Proceedings of the Maryland State Senate, 1800. 26. Connecticut Gazette, and the Commercial Intelligencer (New London, CT). December 24, 1800. Mattern, David B., J. C. A. Stagg, Jeanne K. Cross and Susan Holbrook Perdue, ed. The Papers of James Madison, Congressional Series. Vol. 17. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 1991. 435–436.
- ^"Connecticut 1801 U.S. Senate".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives.A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University.RetrievedFebruary 5,2018.,citing Connecticut Gazette, and the Commercial Intelligencer (New London, CT). May 17, 1801. Impartial Journal (Stonington, CT). June 2, 1801. The Bee (New London, CT). June 3, 1801. The Bee (Hudson, NY). November 16, 1802.
- ^"Georgia 1800 U.S. Senate".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives.A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University.RetrievedFebruary 5,2018.,citing Columbian Museum and Savannah Advertiser (Savannah, GA). November 25, 1800.
- ^"Kentucky 1800 U.S. Senate".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives.A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University.RetrievedFebruary 5,2018.,citing The Palladium: A Literary and Political Weekly Repository (Frankfort, KY). November 25, 1800.
- ^"New Hampshire 1800 U.S. Senate".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives.A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University.RetrievedFebruary 5,2018.,citing The Ninth State: New Hampshire's Formative Years. 182.
- ^"New York 1801 U.S. Senate".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives.A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University.RetrievedFebruary 5,2018.,citing The Albany Centinel (Albany, NY). January 30, 1801.
- ^"North Carolina 1800 U.S. Senate".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives.A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University.RetrievedFebruary 5,2018.,citing Legislative Papers for 1800. Box 176. State Archives of North Carolina, Raleigh. Raleigh Register, and North-Carolina Weekly Advertiser (Raleigh, NC). December 2, 1800.
- ^"Our Campaigns - PA US Senate Race - Feb 18, 1801".
- ^"South Carolina 1800 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives.A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University.RetrievedFebruary 5,2018.,citing National Intelligencer and Washington Advertiser (Washington, DC). December 15, 1800.
- ^"Vermont 1800 U.S. Senate".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives.A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University.RetrievedFebruary 4,2018.,citing Journal of the New York Assembly, 1800. 265. The Albany Centinel (Albany, NY). April 4, 1800. Aurora. General Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). April 10, 1800. The Centinel of Liberty, or George-town and Washington Advertiser (Georgetown, DC). April 15, 1800.
- ^"New Hampshire 1801 U.S. Senate, Special".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives.A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University.RetrievedFebruary 5,2018.,citing Courier of New Hampshire (Concord, NH). June 18, 1801.
- ^"New Hampshire 1801 U.S. Senate, Special".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives.A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University.RetrievedFebruary 5,2018.,citing Spooner's Vermont Journal (Windsor, VT). October 20, 1801.
- ^"Maryland 1801 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives.A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University.RetrievedFebruary 4,2018.,citing The Albany Gazette (Albany, NY). November 21, 1796.
- ^"South Carolina 1801 U.S. Senate, Special".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives.A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University.RetrievedFebruary 5,2018.,citing The Augusta Chronicle and Gazette of the State (Augusta, GA). December 12, 1801.
- ^"Our Campaigns - PA US Senate - Special Election Race - Dec 16, 1801".
- ^"Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Dec 09, 1800".ourcampaigns.Retrieved2022-11-05.
- ^"Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Nov 12, 1801".ourcampaigns.Retrieved2022-11-05.
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present,via Senate.gov