1805

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	18th century 19th century 20th century
Decades:	1780s 1790s 1800s 1810s 1820s
Years:	1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808

1805 in variouscalendars

Gregorian calendar	1805 MDCCCV
French Republican calendar	13–14
Ab urbe condita	2558
Armenian calendar	1254 ԹՎ ՌՄԾԴ
Assyrian calendar	6555
Balinese saka calendar	1726–1727
Bengali calendar	1212
Berber calendar	2755
British Regnal year	45Geo. 3– 46Geo. 3
Buddhist calendar	2349
Burmese calendar	1167
Byzantine calendar	7313–7314
Chinese calendar	GiápNăm (WoodRat) 4502 or 4295 — to — Ất xấu năm (WoodOx) 4503 or 4296
Coptic calendar	1521–1522
Discordian calendar	2971
Ethiopian calendar	1797–1798
Hebrew calendar	5565–5566
Hindu calendars
-Vikram Samvat	1861–1862
-Shaka Samvat	1726–1727
-Kali Yuga	4905–4906
Holocene calendar	11805
Igbo calendar	805–806
Iranian calendar	1183–1184
Islamic calendar	1219–1220
Japanese calendar	Bunka2 ( văn hóa ２ năm )
Javanese calendar	1731–1732
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar	4138
Minguo calendar	107 beforeROC Dân trước 107 năm
Nanakshahi calendar	337
Thai solar calendar	2347–2348
Tibetan calendar	Dương mộc chuột năm (male Wood-Rat) 1931 or 1550 or 778 — to — Âm mộc ngưu năm (female Wood-Ox) 1932 or 1551 or 779

October 21:Battle of Trafalgar

1805(MDCCCV) was acommon year starting on Tuesdayof theGregorian calendarand acommon year starting on Sundayof theJulian calendar,the 1805th year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 805th year of the2nd millennium,the 5th year of the19th century,and the 6th year of the1800sdecade. As of the start of 1805, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

After thirteen years theFirst French Empireabolished theFrench Republican Calendarin favour of the Gregorian calendar.

Events

January–March

• January 11 – TheMichigan Territoryis created.
• February 7 – KingAnouvongbecomes ruler ofVientianeon the death of his brotherInthavong.
• February 15 – TheHarmony Societyis officially formed as a Christian community inHarmony, Pennsylvania.
• March 1 – JusticeSamuel Chaseisacquitted of impeachment chargesby theUnited States Senate.
• March 4 –Thomas Jeffersonissworn infor a second term as President of the United States.
• March 5 – TheNew Brunswick Legislaturepasses a bill to advance literacy in the province, which eventually leads to the creation of public education in Canada.

April–June

• April 7 –Beethoven'sSymphony No. 3,Eroica,has its public premiere at theTheater an der Wienin Vienna under his baton.
• April 27 –Battle of Derne:United States MarinesandBerbersattack theTripolitancity ofDerna(theShores of Tripoli).
• April 29 –Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninckis appointed asGrand Pensionaryof theBatavian RepublicbyNapoleon.
• May 26 –Napoleonis crownedKing of Italy.
• May 31–June 2 –Napoleonic Wars:Battle of Diamond Rock– A Franco-Spanish fleet captures the strategic island ofDiamond RockoffMartiniquein theWest Indies,from the British.
• June 1 – Tuscan-born composerLuigi Boccheriniis buried in theBasílica pontificia de San Miguelin Madrid after being found dead on May 28.
• June 4
  • TheFirst Barbary Warends between Tripoli and the United States of America.
  • The firstTrooping the Colourceremony is held at theHorse Guards Paradein London.
  • Detroit burns to the ground; most of the city is destroyed.
• June 13 –Lewis and Clark Expeditionin the United States: Scouting ahead of the expedition,Meriwether Lewisand four companions sight theGreat Falls of the Missouri River,confirming they are heading in the right direction.

July–September

• July 9 –Muhammad Ali Pashafounds hisdynastyin Egypt.
• July 26 –1805 Molise earthquake:5,573 people inMoliseandCampania,Italy, are killed.
• August 12 –Lewis and Clark Expedition:U.S. Army CaptainMeriwether Lewisreaches theContinental Divide of the Americas,crossing to the west atLemhi Pass.
• August 27 – Napoleon orders theGrande Armée( "The Great Army" ) of some 165,000 men to march to theRhine Riverto deal with the Austrian and Russian threats on the frontier. The French army is organized into seven corps and is supported by 36–40 cannons each. Napoleon orders MarshalJoachim Muratwith hisI Cavalry Corps(some 20,000 men), to make feint attacks through theBlack Forestin south-westGermany.
• August 29 –Emperor Franz I of Austriaand his council of ministers vote in favor of going to war with France.
• August 31 – British Army GeneralDavid Bairddeparts fromCork,leading an expedition to capture theCape of Good Hope.Their ship arrives on January 4.
• September 21 –King Ferdinand of Naplessigns a treaty in Paris agreeing to keep Naples neutral during the war between France and the allied powers.
• September 29 –Admiral Nelsonof the BritishRoyal Navytakes command of the fleet off of the coast ofCadiz,in order to counteract the navies of France and Spain.

October–December

• October 14 –Napoleonic Wars:War of the Third Coalition–Ulm Campaign:Battle of Elchingen– An Austrian corps underJohann von Rieschis defeated byMarshal Ney,nearElchingen,Bavaria.
• October 16–19 –War of the Third Coalition:Ulm Campaign–Battle of Ulm:Austrian GeneralMack von Leiberichis forced to surrender his entire army to Napoleon, after being surrounded.
• October 21 –Napoleonic Wars:War of the Third Coalition–Battle of Trafalgar:The British fleet, led by AdmiralHoratio Nelson,defeats a combined French and Spanish fleet off the coast of Spain; however, Admiral Nelson is fatally shot.
• October 23
  • On the early death of her husband,Madame Clicquot Ponsardintakes over his champagne wine business in France asVeuve Clicquot.
  • BritishtroopshipAeneasis wrecked offNewfoundlandwith the loss of 340 lives.
• October 31 – Sweden, led byKing Gustav IV Adolf,declares war on France.
• November 7 – TheLewis and Clark Expeditionarrives at the Pacific Ocean.
• November 11 –Napoleonic Wars:Battle of Dürenstein– 8,000 French troops attempt to slow the retreat of a vastly superior Russian and Austrian force.
• November 16 –Napoleonic Wars:Battle of Schöngrabern– Russian forces, underPyotr Bagration,delay the pursuit by French troops underJoachim Murat.
• November 20 –Beethoven's only operaFidelio,in its original form (known retrospectively asLeonore), is premiered at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna, which at this time is under French military occupation.
• November 26 – ThePontcysyllte Aqueductis opened in Wales; it is 1,007 ft (307 m) long and 126 ft (38 m) tall.

December 2:Battle of Austerlitz

• December 2 –Napoleonic Wars:Battle of Austerlitz– French troops underNapoleondecisively defeat a joint Russo-Austrian force.
• December 26 – ThePeace of Pressburgbetween France and Austria is signed in thePrimate's Palace,Pressburg (modern-dayBratislava).
• December 31 – TheFrench Republican Calendar(which featured a 10-day week until 1802) is used for the last time, 8 days after being annulled byNapoleon,with the final official date being "9Nivôsein Year XIV of the Revolution ".

Date unknown

• James Squirebecomes the first brewer in Australia to cultivatehops.
• TheOld Man of the Mountain,a natural rock formation in the U.S. state ofNew Hampshire,is first mentioned by two workmen, Francis Whitcomb and Luke Brooks.
• Napoleon orders his soldiers to bevaccinated.

Births

January–June

Hans Christian Andersen

• January 8 –Orson Hyde,American religious leader (d. 1878)
• January 27 –Samuel Palmer,English artist (d. 1881)
• February 13 –Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet,German mathematician (d. 1859)
• February 18 –Louis M. Goldsborough,United States Navy admiral (d. 1877)
• March 3 –Jonas Furrer,firstPresident of the Swiss Confederation(d. 1861)
• March 14 –Eduard Clam-Gallas,Austrian general (d. 1891)
• March 22 –Benito de Soto,Galician pirate (executed 1830)
• March 23 –Sears Cook Walker,American mathematician, astronomer (d. 1853)
• March 26 (alleged) –Shirali Muslimov,Azerbaijani supercentenarian (d. 1973)
• April 2 –Hans Christian Andersen,Danish writer (d. 1875)
• April 8 –Hugo von Mohl,German botanist (d. 1872)
• April 21 –James Martineau,English religious philosopher (d. 1900)
• April 22 –Benito de Soto,Galicianpirate (d. 1830)
• June 9 –José Trinidad Cabañas,Honduran general, president and national hero (d. 1871)
• June 22 –Giuseppe MazziniItalian patriot, statesman and writer (d. 1872)

July–December

Fanny Mendelssohn

Joseph Smith

Jeanne Deroin

• July 5 –Robert FitzRoy,English meteorologist, captain and politician (d. 1865)
• July 29 –Alexis de Tocqueville,French historian (d. 1859)
• July 30 –Rudolf Wagner,German anatomist, pathologist (d. 1864)
• August 4 –William Rowan Hamilton,Irish physicist (d. 1865)
• September 19 –John Stevens Cabot Abbott,American historian, pastor and pedagogical writer (d. 1877)
• September 27 –George Müller,Prussian evangelist, founder of theNew Orphan Houses, Ashley Down, Bristolin England (d. 1898)
• November 14 –Fanny Mendelssohn,German composer, pianist (d. 1847)
• November 28 –John Lloyd Stephens,American traveler, diplomat and Mayanist archaeologist (d. 1852)
• December 2 –Cicero Price,American commodore (d. 1888)
• December 10 –William Lloyd Garrison,American abolitionist (d. 1879)
• December 12 –Henry Wells,American businessman, founder ofWells Fargo(d. 1878)
• December 22 –John Obadiah Westwood,English entomologist (d. 1893)
• December 23 –Joseph Smith,American religious leader, founder of theLatter Day Saint movement(d. 1844)
• December 31 –Jeanne Deroin,French socialist and feminist (d. 1894)

Undated

• Maiden of Ludmir,Jewish religious leader (d. 1888)
• James Pratt,last of two men to be executed in UK for homosexuality (d. 1835)
• Cochise,Indigenous American (Apache) leader (d. 1874)
• Jesse Chisholm,Indigenous American (Cherokee) fur trader and merchant (d. 1868)

Deaths

January–June

Friedrich Schiller

Lord Nelson

• January 7 –Ebenezer Sproat,American Continental Army officer, pioneer to the Ohio Country (b. 1752)
• January 9 –Noble Wimberly Jones,American Continental Congressman (b. 1723)
• January 17 –Paschen von Cossel,German lawyer (b. 1714)
• January 18 –John Moore (archbishop of Canterbury)(b. 1730)
• January 23 –Claude Chappe,French telecommunication pioneer (b. 1763)
• January 24 –Liu Yong,Chinese politician (b. 1719)
• February 2 –Thomas Banks,English sculptor and artist (b. 1735)
• February 11 –Queen Jeongsun,Korean regent (b. 1745)
• February 20 –Justus Claproth,German jurist, inventor of the de-inking process of recycled paper (b. 1728)
• February 25 –Thomas Pownall,English colonial statesman (b. 1722)
• March 4 –Jean-Baptiste Greuze,French painter (b. 1725)
• March 14 –Ji Yun,Chinese politician (b. 1724)
• May 7 –William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne,Prime Minister of Great Britain(b. 1737)
• May 9 –Friedrich Schiller,German playwright (b. 1759)
• May 12 –Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim,71st Grandmaster of theOrder of Malta(b. 1744)
• May 25
  • William Paley,English philosopher (b. 1743)
  • Anna Maria Rückerschöld,Swedish author (b. 1725)
• May 28 –Luigi Boccherini,Tuscan-born composer (b. 1743)
• June 3 –Princess Louise of Saxe-Meiningen,Landgravine of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld (b. 1752)
• June 18 –Arthur Murphy,Irish writer (b. 1727)
• June 19 –Louis-Jean-François Lagrenée,French painter (b. 1724)

July–December

Eleonore Prochaska

• July 31 –Dheeran Chinnamalai,Tamil king (b. 1756)
• August 3 –Christopher Anstey,English writer (b. 1724)
• August 28
  • Alexander Carlyle,Scottish church leader (b. 1722)
  • Christopher Gadsden,American statesman (b. 1724)
• September 27 –William Moultrie,American general (b. 1730)
• September 28 –Christoph Franz von Buseck,Prince-Bishop of Bamberg (b. 1724)
• October 5
  • Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis,British general (b. 1738)
  • Eleonore Prochaska,German heroine soldier (b. 1785)
• October 21
  • John Cooke,English captain (b. 1762)

    

    John Cooke

  • Horatio Nelson,British admiral (mortally wounded in battle) (b. 1758)
• November 24 –Jacques Antoine Marie de Cazalès,French orator, politician (b. 1758)
• December 16 –Saverio Cassar,Gozitan priest, rebel leader (b. 1746)
• December 23
  • Pehr Osbeck,Swedish explorer, naturalist (b. 1723)
  • Geneviève Thiroux d'Arconville,French novelist, translator and chemist (b. 1720)

Undated

• Rafaela Herrera,Nicaraguan heroine (b. 1742)
• Bety of Betsimisaraka,queen regnant (b. 1735)