1806
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1806 by topic |
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| Humanities |
| By country |
| Other topics |
| Lists of leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Works category |
| Gregorian calendar | 1806 MDCCCVI |
| Ab urbe condita | 2559 |
| Armenian calendar | 1255 ԹՎ ՌՄԾԵ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6556 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1727–1728 |
| Bengali calendar | 1213 |
| Berber calendar | 2756 |
| British Regnal year | 46Geo. 3– 47Geo. 3 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2350 |
| Burmese calendar | 1168 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7314–7315 |
| Chinese calendar | Ất xấuNăm (WoodOx) 4503 or 4296 — to — Bính Dần năm (FireTiger) 4504 or 4297 |
| Coptic calendar | 1522–1523 |
| Discordian calendar | 2972 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1798–1799 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5566–5567 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| -Vikram Samvat | 1862–1863 |
| -Shaka Samvat | 1727–1728 |
| -Kali Yuga | 4906–4907 |
| Holocene calendar | 11806 |
| Igbo calendar | 806–807 |
| Iranian calendar | 1184–1185 |
| Islamic calendar | 1220–1221 |
| Japanese calendar | Bunka3 ( văn hóa ３ năm ) |
| Javanese calendar | 1732–1733 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 12 days |
| Korean calendar | 4139 |
| Minguo calendar | 106 beforeROC Dân trước 106 năm |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 338 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2348–2349 |
| Tibetan calendar | Âm mộc ngưu năm (female Wood-Ox) 1932 or 1551 or 779 — to — Dương hỏa hổ năm (male Fire-Tiger) 1933 or 1552 or 780 |
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1806(MDCCCVI) was acommon year starting on Wednesdayof theGregorian calendarand acommon year starting on Mondayof theJulian calendar,the 1806th year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 806th year of the2nd millennium,the 6th year of the19th century,and the 7th year of the1800sdecade. As of the start of 1806, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Events
[edit]January–March
[edit]- January 1
- TheFrench Republican Calendaris abolished.
- TheKingdom of Bavariais established byNapoleon.
- January 5– The body of British naval leaderHoratio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson,lies in state in the Painted Hall ofGreenwich Hospital,London, prior to his funeral.
- January 8–Battle of Blaauwberg:British infantry force troops of theBatavian Republicin theDutch Cape Colonyto withdraw.
- January 9
- The Dutch commandant ofCape Townsurrenders to British forces. On January 10, formal capitulation is signed under theTreaty Treein Papendorp (modern-dayWoodstock).
- Lord Nelsonis given astate funeraland interment atSt Paul's Cathedralin London, attended bythe Prince of Wales.[1]
- January 18– TheDutch Cape Colonycapitulates to British forces, the origin of its status as a colony within theBritish Empire.
- January 23
- Following the death ofWilliam Pitt the Younger,Lord Grenvillesucceeds his cousin as wartimePrime Minister of the United Kingdom.
- Invasion of Naples:Ferdinand I of the Two Siciliesflees to theKingdom of Sicilyunder British protection.[2]
- February 6–Battle of San Domingo:The BritishRoyal Navygains a victory over the French offSanto Domingo.
- February 15–Invasion of Naples:Joseph BonaparteentersNaples.[3]
- March 23– ExplorersLewis and Clarkand theirCorps of Discovery,having reached the Pacific Ocean after traveling through theLouisiana Purchase,begin their journey home.
- March 28– Washington College (modern-dayWashington & Jefferson College) is chartered by thePennsylvania General Assembly.[4]
- March 29– Construction is authorized of theNational Road,the first United States federal highway.
- March 30– TheNapoleonic Kingdom of Naplesis proclaimed.[3]
April–June
[edit]- April 8–Stéphanie de Beauharnais,adopted daughter ofNapoleon Bonaparte,marriesPrince Karl Ludwig Friedrich of Baden.
- April 25–Rana Bahadur Shahis killed by his step-brotherSher Bahadur Shahin the late night meeting which triggers the two weeks' longBhandarkhal garden massacrein Khatmandu.
- May 30– Future President of the United StatesAndrew Jacksonfights his secondduel,killing a man who had accused Jackson's wife ofbigamy.
- June 5–Louis Bonaparteis appointed asKing of Hollandby his brother, EmperorNapoleon,replacing theBatavian Republic.
July–September
[edit]- July 4
- Battle of Maida:Britaindefeats theFrenchin Calabria.
- The legendary shipThe Irish Roversets sail from theCoveofCork, Irelandfor New York.
- July 10–Vellore Mutiny:Indiansepoysmutiny against theEast India Company,for the first time.
- July 12– Sixteen GermanImperial Statesleave theHoly Roman Empireand form theConfederation of the Rhine,leading to the collapse of the Empire after 844 years.Liechtensteinis given full sovereignty.
- July 15–Pike Expedition:NearSt. Louis, Missouri,United States Army LieutenantZebulon Pikeleads an expedition fromFort Bellefontaine,to explore the American West.
- July 18–1806 Birgu polverista explosion:A gunpowder magazine explosion inBirgu,Maltakills around 200 people.
- July 23–British invasions of the River Plate:A British expeditionary force of 1,700 men lands on the left bank of theRío de la Plataand invadesBuenos Aires.
- August 6–Francis II,the lastHoly Roman Emperor,abdicates, thus ending theHoly Roman Empireafter about a millennium.
- August 18] – Englishseal hunterAbraham Bristowdiscovers theAuckland Islands.[5][6]
- September 23– TheLewis and Clark ExpeditionreachesSt. Louis, Missouri,ending a successful exploration of theLouisiana Territoryand thePacific Northwest.According to one historian, their arrival comes "much to the amazement of residents, who had given the travelers up for dead."[7]
- September 25–Prussiaissues an ultimatum to Paris, threatening war if France does not halt marching its troops through Prussian territory to reach Austria; the message does not reach Napoleon Bonaparte until October 7, and he responds by attacking Prussia.[8]
October–December
[edit]- October 8– Napoleon responds to the September 25 ultimatum fromPrussia,and begins theWar of the Fourth Coalition;Prussia is joined bySaxonyand other minorGerman states.[8]
- October 9–Battle of Schleiz:French and Prussian forces fight for the first time since the war began. The Prussian army is easily defeated by a more numerous French force.
- October 14–Battle of Jena–Auerstedt:Napoleondefeats the Prussian army ofPrince HohenloheatJena,whileMarshal Davoutdefeats the main Prussian army underCharles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-WolfenbüttelatAuerstedt,laterCharles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttelwould die.
- October 17– Emperor Jacques I of Haiti (Jean-Jacques Dessalines) is assassinated at the Pont-Rouge,Haiti,andAlexandre Pétionbecomes first President of the Republic of Haiti.
- October 24–French forces enter Berlin.
- October 20– Britishship of the lineHMSAthenienne(1800)is wrecked in theStrait of Sicilywith the loss of 347 of the 488 on board.
- October 30–Capitulation of Stettin:Believing themselves massively outnumbered, the 5,300-man garrison atStettinin Prussia surrenders to a much smaller French force without a fight.
- November 15–Pike Expedition:During his second exploratory expedition, LieutenantZebulon Pikesees a distant mountain peak while near theColoradofoothills of theRocky Mountains(later namedPikes Peakin his honor).
- November 21–Napoleondeclares theContinental Blockadeagainst the British, blocking the import of British manufactured goods to the rest of Europe.[9]
- November 24– The last major Prussian field force, underGebhard Leberecht von Blücher,surrenders to the French nearLübeck.Frederick William IIIhas by this time fled to Russia.
- November 28– French troops enterWarsaw.
- December 23–Ludwig van Beethovenpremieres hisviolin concertoat theTheater an der Wien.
- December 26–War of the Fourth Coalition:
- Battle of Pułtusk–Russianforces underGeneral Bennigsennarrowly escape from a direct confrontation withNapoleon,who goes into winter quarters.
- Battle of Golymin–Russianforces underGeneral Golitsynfight a successful rearguard action againstFrenchforces, underMarshall Murat.
Date unknown
[edit]- East India Company Collegeestablished inHertfordshire,England, to train colonial administrators.
- Noah Websterpublishes his first dictionary,A Compendious Dictionary of the English Language,recording distinctiveAmerican spellings.
- Colgate-Palmoliveis originated asWilliam Colgate's soap and candle manufactory in New York City, United States.[10]
- Annual British iron production reaches 260,000 tons.
Births
[edit]January–June
[edit]
- January 1–Lionel Kieseritzky,Baltic-German chess player (d. 1853)
- January 27–Juan Crisóstomo Arriaga,Spanish composer (d. 1826)
- February 22–Józef Kremer,Polish messianic philosopher (d. 1875)
- March 4
- Ephraim Wales Bull,American farmer, creator of theConcord grape(d. 1895)
- George Bradburn,American abolitionist, women's rights advocate (d. 1880)
- March 6–Elizabeth Barrett Browning,English poet (d.1861)[11]
- March 11–Carlo Pellion di Persano,Italian admiral, politician (d. 1883)
- March 12–Jane Pierce,First Lady of the United States(d. 1863)
- March 21–Benito Juárez,Mexican statesman, folk hero (d. 1872)
- April 3–Ivan Kireyevsky,Russian literary critic, philosopher (d. 1856)
- April 6–Friedrich Wilhelm Ritschl,German scholar (d. 1876)
- April 9–Isambard Kingdom Brunel,British engineer (d. 1859)
- May 2–Catherine Labouré,French visionary, saint (d. 1876)
- May 4–William Fothergill Cooke,English inventor (d. 1879)
- May 12–J. V. Snellman,Finnish statesman and influentialFennomanphilosopher (d. 1881)[12]
- May 20–John Stuart Mill,British philosopher (d. 1873)
- June 12–John Augustus Roebling,German-American engineer (d. 1869)
- June 27–Augustus De Morgan,British mathematician, logician (d. 1871)
July–December
[edit]
- July 5
- James Dawson,Scottish-born Australian settler, champion of aboriginal interests (d. 1900)
- Blanka Teleki,Hungarian countess, women's rights activist (d. 1862)
- September 12–Andrew Hull Foote,American admiral (d. 1863)
- September 22–Bernardino António Gomes,Portuguese physician and naturalist (d. 1877)
- October 3–Oliver Cowdery,American religious leader (d. 1850)
- October 25–Max Stirner,German philosopher (d. 1856)
- November 10–Sir Alexander Milne,British admiral (d. 1896)
- November 13–Emilia Plater,Polish heroine (d. 1831)
- December 11–Otto Wilhelm Hermann von Abich,German geologist (d. 1886)
Deaths
[edit]January–June
[edit]
- January 8–Magdalena Dávalos y Maldonado,Ecuadorian scholar, socialite (b. 1725)
- January 23–William Pitt the Younger,Prime Minister of the United Kingdom(b. 1759)[13]
- February 2–Nicolas Restif de la Bretonne,French writer (b. 1734)[14]
- February 16–Franz von Weyrother,Austrian general (b. 1755)
- February 19–Elizabeth Carter,English writer (b. 1717)[15]
- February 20–Lachlan McIntosh,Scottish-born American military and political leader (b. 1725)
- March 20–Salomea Deszner,Polish actress, singer and theater director (b. 1759)
- March 23–George Pinto,English composer (b. 1785)
- March 30–Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire,English noblewoman, socialite, political organizer, style icon, author and activist (b. 1757)
- April 9–William V, Prince of Orange,lastStadtholderof the Dutch Republic (b. 1748)
- April 10–Horatio Gates,British soldier, served as an American general during theAmerican Revolutionary War(b. 1727)
- April 22–Pierre-Charles Villeneuve,French admiral (stabbed) (b. 1763)
- May 9–Robert Morris,English-born merchant, one of theFounding Fathers of the United States,"financier of theAmerican Revolution"(b. 1734)
- May 24–John Campbell, 5th Duke of Argyll,British field marshal (b. 1723)
- June 23–Mathurin Jacques Brisson,French naturalist (b. 1723)
- June 30–Charles Dickinson,American attorney, famous duelist (killed in a duel byAndrew Jackson) (b. 1780)
July–December
[edit]
- July 4–Charles Henri Sanson,Royal Executioner of France during the reign of King Louis XVI (b. 1739)
- July 10–George Stubbs,English painter (b. 1724)
- July 11–James Smith,American signer of theUnited States Declaration of Independence
- July 17–Sir Richard Sullivan, 1st Baronet,British politician (b. 1752)
- August 10–Michael Haydn,Austrian composer and brother ofJoseph Haydn(b. 1737)
- August 22–Jean-Honoré Fragonard,French painter (b. 1742)
- August 23–Charles-Augustin de Coulomb,French physicist (b. 1736)
- September 9–William Paterson,signer of theUnited States Constitution,Governor of New Jersey(b. 1745)
- September 13–Charles James Fox,English politician (b. 1749)
- September 30–William Fortescue, 1st Earl of Clermont,Irish politician (b. 1722)
- October 9–Benjamin Banneker,American astronomer, surveyor (b. 1731)
- October 10–Louis Ferdinand of Prussia,German prince (killed in battle) (b. 1772)
- October 23–Timothy Dexter,American businessman (b. 1748)
- October 25–Henry Knox,Secretary of War underGeorge Washington(b. 1750)
- October 26–John Graves Simcoe,first Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada (b. 1752)
- November 10–Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick(b. 1735)
- November 23–Roger Newdigate,British politician (b.1719)[16]
- December 9–Josef Georg Hörl,Austrian politician (b.1722)
- December 22–William Vernon,American merchant (b.1719)
Date unknown
[edit]- Mungo Park,Scottish explorer (b. 1771)
- Johann Gottfried Arnold,German cellist (b. 1773)
References
[edit]- ^Hibbert, Christopher(1994).Nelson: A Personal History.p. 382.
- ^Davis, John (2006).Naples and Napoleon: Southern Italy and the European Revolutions, 1780–1860.Oxford University Press.ISBN9780198207559.
- ^abAbbott, John S. C. (1869).A History of Joseph, King of Naples.New York: Harper.
- ^Coleman, Helen Turnbull Waite (1956).Banners in the Wilderness: The Early Years of Washington and Jefferson College.University of Pittsburgh Press.p.210.OCLC2191890.
- ^"Auckland Islands", inExploring Polar Frontiers: A Historical Encyclopedia,ed. by William J. Mills (ABC-CLIO, 2003) p39
- ^Jones, A. G. E. (1970). "Captain Abraham Bristow and the Auckland Islands".Notes and Queries.17(10): 369–371.doi:10.1093/nq/17-10-369.
- ^Sandweiss, Lee Ann (2000).Seeking St. Louis: Voices from a River City, 1670–2000.Missouri History Museum. p. 41.
- ^abPetre, F. Loraine (1907).Napoleon's Conquest of Prussia – 1806.John Lane Company. p. xv.
- ^Marzagali, Silvia (2007). "Napoleon's Continental Blockade – An Effective Substitute to Naval Weakness?". In Elleman, Bruce A.; Paine, S. C. M. (eds.).Naval Blockades and Seapower: Strategies and Counter-Strategies, 1805-2005.London: Routledge. p. 25.ISBN9786611158309.
- ^"History".Colgate-Palmolive.RetrievedDecember 5,2020.
- ^Sampson, Fiona(2021).Two Way Mirror: The Life of Elizabeth Barrett Browning.Profile Books, p 33
- ^Johan Vilhelm Snellmanat theEncyclopædia Britannica
- ^"History of William Pitt 'The Younger' - GOV.UK".gov.uk.RetrievedJuly 1,2023.
- ^This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain:Chisholm, Hugh,ed. (1911). "Restif, Nicolas Edme".Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 200.
- ^"Elizabeth Carter - British author".Encyclopedia Britannica.RetrievedJanuary 3,2017.
- ^Chisholm, Hugh,ed. (1911)..Encyclopædia Britannica(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
