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1872–73 United States House of Representatives elections

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1872–73 United States House of Representatives elections
←1870 & 1871 November 5, 1872[a] 1874 & 1875→
All 292 seats in theUnited States House of Representatives
147 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party
Leader James G. Blaine Fernando Wood
Party Republican Democratic
Leader's seat Maine 3rd New York 10th
Last election 138 seats 94 seats
Seats won 199 84
Seat change Increase61 Decrease9
Popular vote 3,561,090 2,813,934
Percentage 51.40% 40.62%
Swing Increase3.26% Decrease2.77%
Third party Fourth party
Party Liberal Republican Conservative
Last election 2 seats 10 seats
Seats won 4 4
Seat change Increase2 Decrease6
Popular vote 274,693 126,329
Percentage 3.97% 1.82%
Swing Increase3.07% Decrease1.05%
Fifth party
Party Independent
Last election 1 seat[b]
Seats won 1[c]
Seat change Steady
Popular vote 151,757
Percentage 2.19%
Swing Increase0.45%
Results:
Democratic holdDemocratic gain
Republican holdRepublican gain
Conservative holdConservative gain
Liberal Republican gain
Independent Gain
Speaker before election

James G. Blaine
Republican

Elected Speaker

James G. Blaine
Republican

The1872–73 United States House of Representatives electionswere held on various dates in various states between June 4, 1872, and April 7, 1873. Each state set its own date for its elections to theHouse of Representativesbefore the first session of the43rd United States Congressconvened on December 1, 1873. They coincided with there-election of United States PresidentUlysses S. Grant.Thecongressional reapportionmentbased on the1870 United States censusincreased the number of House seats to 292.

Grant'sRepublican Partyincreased its majority greatly, partly at the expense of the oppositionDemocratic Partyand partly by adding 49 new seats to the House. The pro-industry outlook of the Republicans appealed to many Northern voters, especially as the post-war economy exploded, and this allowed the party to flourish as theIndustrial Revolutiongrew more widespread. The Republicans also benefited from a continuing association with Civil War victory as well as disarray amongst Democratic leadership.

Election summaries[edit]

Following the1870 census,the House wasreapportioned,initially adding 40 seats,[1]followed by a subsequent amendment to the apportionment act adding another seat to 9 states,[2]resulting in a total increase of 49 seats. No states lost seats, 10 states had no change, 13 states gained 1 seat each, 9 states gained 2 seats, 3 states gained 3 seats, 1 State gained 4 seats, and 1 State gained 5 seats. Prior to the supplemental act, two states (New Hampshire and Vermont) had each lost 1 seat. This was the first reapportionment after the repeal of thethree-fifths compromiseby the14th Amendment.

This would prove the last time until1966that a Republican won a House seat in Arkansas.[3]

↓
89 203
Democratic Republican
State Type Total seats Democratic Republican
Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change
Alabama District
+ 2 at-large 		8 Increase2 2 Decrease1 6[d] Increase3
Arkansas District
+ at-large 		4 Increase1 0 Decrease1 4[d] Increase2
California District 4 Increase1 1 Increase1 3 Steady
Connecticut[e] District 4 Steady 1 Steady 3 Steady
Delaware At-large 1 Steady 0 Decrease1 1 Increase1
Florida At-large 2 Increase1 0 Steady 2 Increase1
Georgia District 9 Increase2 7 Increase3 2 Decrease1
Illinois District 19 Increase5 5 Decrease1 14 Increase6
Indiana[f] District
+ 3 at-large 		13 Increase2 3 Decrease2 10 Increase4
Iowa District 9 Increase3 0 Steady 9 Increase3
Kansas At-large 3 Increase2 0 Steady 3 Increase2
Kentucky District 10 Increase1 10 Increase1 0 Steady
Louisiana District
+ 1 at-large 		6 Increase1 0 Steady 6[d] Increase1
Maine[f] District 5 Steady 0 Steady 5 Steady
Maryland District 6 Increase1 4 Decrease1 2 Increase2
Massachusetts District 11 Increase1 0 Steady 11 Increase1
Michigan District 9 Increase3 0 Decrease1 9 Increase4
Minnesota District 3 Increase1 0 Steady 3 Increase1
Mississippi District 6 Increase1 1 Increase1 5 Steady
Missouri District 13 Increase4 9 Increase5 4 Decrease1
Nebraska[f] At-large 1 Steady 0 Steady 1 Steady
Nevada At-large 1 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady
New Hampshire[e] District 3 Steady 1 Decrease2 2 Increase2
New Jersey District 7 Increase2 1 Decrease1 6 Increase3
New York District
+ 1 at-large 		33 Increase2 9 Decrease7 24 Increase9
North Carolina[f] District 8 Increase1 5 Steady 3 Increase1
Ohio[f] District 20 Increase1 6 Increase1 14[d] Steady
Oregon[f] At-large 1 Steady 0 Decrease1 1 Increase1
Pennsylvania[f] District
+ 3 at-large 		27 Increase3 5 Decrease6 22 Increase9
Rhode Island District 2 Steady 0 Steady 2 Steady
South Carolina District
+ 1 at-large 		5 Increase1 0 Steady 5 Increase1
Tennessee District
+ 1 at-large 		10 Increase2 3 Decrease3 7 Increase5
Texas District
+ 2 at-large 		6 Increase2 6 Increase3 0 Decrease1
Vermont[f] District 3 Steady 0 Steady 3 Steady
Virginia District 9 Increase1 5 Steady 4 Increase1
West Virginia[f] District 3 Steady 2[c] Steady 1 Steady
Wisconsin District 8 Increase2 2 Steady 6 Increase2
Total 292 Increase49 89[c]
30.5% 		Decrease13 203[g]
69.5% 		Increase62
30.5%
Popular vote
Republican
 
 52.85%
Democratic
 
 41.76%
Lib. Republican
 
 4.08%
Conservative
 
 1.87%
Independent
 
 2.25%
Others
 
 0.00%
House seats
Republican
 
 67.92%
Democratic
 
 29.01%
Lib. Republican
 
 1.37%
Conservative
 
 1.37%
Independent
 
 0.34%

Election dates[edit]

In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for auniform nationwide datefor choosing Presidential electors.[4]This law did not affect election dates for Congress, which remained within the jurisdiction of State governments, but over time, the States moved their Congressional elections to this date as well. In 1872–73, there were still 9 states with earlier election dates, and 2 states with later election dates:

Special elections[edit]

Alabama[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from Alabama,1872 United States Senate election in Alabama,and1872 United States Senate special elections in Alabama

Arkansas[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from Arkansas
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Arkansas 1 James M. Hanks Democratic 1870 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Arkansas 2 Oliver P. Snyder Republican 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
Arkansas 3 Thomas Boles[h] Republican 1868 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
Arkansas at-large None Vacant since 32nd Congress (Civil War and Reconstruction)
New member elected.
Liberal Republican gain.

California[edit]

Main article:1872 United States House of Representatives elections in California
See also:List of United States representatives from Californiaand1872 United States Senate election in California

A new seat was added, following the1870 U.S. census,bringing the delegation up from three to four Representatives.

District Incumbent This race
Representative Party First elected Results Candidates
California 1 None (new district) New district.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
California 2 Aaron Augustus Sargent Republican 1868 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickYHorace F. Page(Republican) 51.8%
  • ▌Paschal Coggins (Democratic) 48.2%
California 3 John M. Coghlan Republican 1871 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
California 4 Sherman O. Houghton
Redistricted from the1st district. 		Republican 1871 Incumbent re-elected.

Connecticut[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from Connecticutand1872 United States Senate election in Connecticut

Delaware[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from Delaware
Delaware election
←1870 November 5, 1872 1874→
Nominee James R. Lofland Eustis Wright
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 11,378 11,023
Percentage 50.79% 49.21%
County results
Lofland:50–60%
Wright:50–60%
U.S. Representative before election

Benjamin T. Biggs
Democratic

Elected U.S. Representative

James R. Lofland
Republican

The election was held November 5, 1872.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Delaware at-large Benjamin T. Biggs Democrat 1868 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican Gain.

Florida[edit]

Main article:1872 United States House of Representatives election in Florida
See also:List of United States representatives from Florida

Florida gained a second seat after the 1870 census, but delayed districting until 1874, electing both Representatives at-large for this election.

District Incumbent This race
Representative Party First elected Results Candidates
Florida at-large
2 seats on ageneral ticket 		Josiah T. Walls Republican 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
None(New seat) New seat.
Republican gain.

Georgia[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from Georgiaand1873 United States Senate election in Georgia

Illinois[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from Illinoisand1873 United States Senate election in Illinois

Indiana[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from Indianaand1873 United States Senate election in Indiana

Iowa[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from Iowa

Kansas[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from Kansasand1873 United States Senate election in Kansas

Kentucky[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from Kentucky,1872 United States Senate election in Kentucky,and1873 United States Senate special election in Kentucky

Louisiana[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from Louisiana

In the newly formedat-large district,George A. Sheridan(Liberal Republican) beatP. B. S. Pinchback(Republican), the first blackGovernor of Louisiana.[7]Pinchback challenged the election and it was settled in February 1875, in Sheridan's favor, only one month before the end of the Congress.

Maine[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from Maine

Maryland[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from Maryland

Massachusetts[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from Massachusettsand1873 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts

Michigan[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from Michigan

Minnesota[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from Minnesota

Mississippi[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from Mississippi
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Mississippi 1 George E. Harris Republican 1869 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
Mississippi 2 Joseph L. Morphis Republican 1869 Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickYAlbert R. Howe(Republican) 63.94%
  • ▌William A. Alcorn (Democratic) 35.42%
  • Scattering 0.64%[9]
Mississippi 3 Henry W. Barry Republican 1869 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickYHenry W. Barry(Republican) 69.14%
  • ▌W. S. Bolling (Democratic) 29.59%
  • Scattering 1.27%[10]
Mississippi 4 None (new district) New district.
Republican gain.
  • ▌Green tickYJason Niles(Republican) 83.38%
  • ▌S. T. Oldham (Unknown) 11.87%
  • ▌[FNU] Harmon (Unknown) 4.18%
  • ▌W. B. Shelby (Unknown) 0.57%[11]
Mississippi 5 Legrand W. Perce Republican 1869 Incumbent retired.
Republican loss.
George C. McKee
Redistricted from the4th district. 		Republican 1869 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 6 None (new district) New district.
Republican gain.

Missouri[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from Missouri

Nebraska[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from Nebraska
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Nebraska at-large John Taffe Republican 1866 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.

Nevada[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from Nevadaand1873 United States Senate election in Nevada

New Hampshire[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from New Hampshireand1872 United States Senate election in New Hampshire

New Jersey[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from New Jersey

New York[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from New Yorkand1873 United States Senate election in New York

North Carolina[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from North Carolina,1872 United States Senate election in North Carolina,and1872 United States Senate special election in North Carolina

Ohio[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from Ohioand1872 United States Senate election in Ohio

After redistricting and eleven retirements, only four of the nineteen incumbents were re-elected.

District Incumbent This race
Representative Party First elected Results Candidates[15]
Ohio 1 Ozro J. Dodds Democratic 1872(special) Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Ohio 2 Job E. Stevenson Republican 1868 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Liberal Republican gain.
Ohio 3 Lewis D. Campbell Democratic 1870 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Ohio 4 John F. McKinney Democratic 1870 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Ohio 5 Charles N. Lamison Democratic 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 6 John Armstrong Smith Republican 1868 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
Ohio 7 Samuel Shellabarger Republican 1870 Incumbent retired.
Republican loss.
John Thomas Wilson
Redistricted from the11th district. 		Republican 1866 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Ohio 8 John Beatty Republican 1868(special) Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
Ohio 9 George W. Morgan
Redistricted from the13th district. 		Democratic 1868 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Ohio 10 Charles Foster
Redistricted from the9th district. 		Republican 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickYCharles Foster(Republican) 51.2%
  • ▌Rush R. Sloane (Democratic) 48.8%
Erasmus D. Peck Republican 1870(special) Incumbent retired.
Republican loss.
Ohio 11 None (new district) New district.
Republican gain.
Ohio 12 Philadelph Van Trump Democratic 1866 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickYHugh J. Jewett(Democratic) 58.8%
  • ▌James Taylor (Republican) 41.2%
Ohio 13 None (new district) New district.
Democratic gain.
Ohio 14 James Monroe Republican 1870 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickYJohn Berry(Democratic) 57.9%
  • ▌Thomas E. Douglas (Republican) 42.1%
Ohio 15 William P. Sprague Republican 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 16 John Bingham Republican 1864 Incumbent lost re-nomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
Ohio 17 Jacob A. Ambler Republican 1868 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
Ohio 18 William H. Upson Republican 1868 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
Ohio 19 James A. Garfield Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 20 None (new district) New district.
Republican gain.

Oregon[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from Oregonand1872 United States Senate election in Oregon

Pennsylvania[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from Pennsylvaniaand1873 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania

Rhode Island[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from Rhode Island

South Carolina[edit]

Main article:1872 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
See also:List of United States representatives from South Carolina

Tennessee[edit]

Main article:1872 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee
See also:List of United States representatives from Tennessee
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Tennessee at-large Horace Maynard
Redistricted from the2nd district. 		Republican 1865 New district.
Republican gain.
Tennessee 1 Roderick R. Butler Republican 1867 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 2 Abraham E. Garrett
Redistricted from the3rd district. 		Democratic 1870 Incumbent lost re-election as an Independent.
Republican gain.
Tennessee 3 None (new district) New district.
Republican gain.
Tennessee 4 John M. Bright Democratic 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 5 Edward I. Golladay Democratic 1870 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Tennessee 6 Washington C. Whitthorne Democratic 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 7 Robert P. Caldwell Democratic 1870 Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickYJohn D. C. Atkins(Democratic) 55.63%
  • ▌W. W. Murray (Republican) 37.70%
  • ▌W. E. Travis (Democratic) 6.67%[23]
Tennessee 8 William W. Vaughan Democratic 1870 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  • ▌Green tickYDavid A. Nunn(Republican) 37.90%
  • ▌A. W. Campbell (Democratic) 29.83%
  • ▌William P. Caldwell (Democratic) 22.38%
  • ▌T. H. Bell (Democratic) 9.89%[24]
Tennessee 9 None (new district) New district.
Republican gain.

Texas[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from Texas

Vermont[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from Vermontand1872 United States Senate election in Vermont

Virginia[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from Virginia

West Virginia[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from West Virginia
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
West Virginia 1 John J. Davis Democratic 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
Independent Democratic gain.
West Virginia 2 James McGrew Republican 1868 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickYJohn Hagans(Republican) 82.40%
  • ▌Arthur R. Boeteler (Republican) 9.27%
  • ▌W. H. Lanon (Independent) 6.11%
  • ▌J. B. Walker (Independent) 1.89%
  • ▌O. P. Downey (Independent) 0.34%[27]
West Virginia 3 Frank Hereford Democratic 1870 Incumbent re-elected.

Wisconsin[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from Wisconsinand1872 United States Senate election in Wisconsin

Wisconsin elected eight members of congress on Election Day, November 5, 1872. Two seats were newly added in reapportionment after the 1870 census.[29][30]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Wisconsin 1 None (new district) New district.
Republican gain.
Wisconsin 2 Gerry Whiting Hazelton Republican 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 3 J. Allen Barber Republican 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickYJ. Allen Barber(Republican) 58.2%
  • ▌Allen Warden (Liberal Republican) 41.8%
Wisconsin 4 Alexander Mitchell
Redistricted from the1st district. 		Democratic 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 5 Charles A. Eldredge
Redistricted from the4th district. 		Democratic 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 6 Philetus Sawyer
Redistricted from the5th district. 		Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 7 Jeremiah McLain Rusk
Redistricted from the6th district. 		Republican 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 8 None (new district) New district.
Republican gain.

Non-voting delegates[edit]

Colorado Territory[edit]

See also:List of United States representatives from Colorado
District Incumbent This race
Delegate Party First elected Results Candidates
Colorado Territory at-large Jerome B. Chaffee Republican 1870 Incumbent re-elected.

Dakota Territory[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Delegate Party First elected Results Candidates
Dakota Territory at-large Moses K. Armstrong Independent Democratic 1870 Incumbent re-elected.
Democratic gain.

Idaho Territory[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Delegate Party First elected Results Candidates
Idaho Territory at-large Samuel A. Merritt Democratic 1870 Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.

Montana Territory[edit]

Results by county:
Maginnis
  • 50–60%
  • 60–70%
Clagett
  • 50–60%
No Data
District Incumbent This race
Delegate Party First elected Results Candidates
Montana Territory at-large William H. Clagett Republican 1871 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.

Wyoming Territory[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Delegate Party First elected Results Candidates
Wyoming Territory at-large William T. Jones Republican 1870 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^In the majority of states; 11 states held elections on different dates between June 4, 1872 and April 7, 1873.
  2. ^Includes 1Independent Republican.
  3. ^abcIncludes 1Independent Democrat,John J. Davis,elected toWV-01.
  4. ^abcdIncludes 1Liberal Republican.
  5. ^abElections held late.
  6. ^abcdefghiElections held early.
  7. ^Includes 4Liberal Republicans.
  8. ^Thomas Boleslost election in 1870 toJohn Edwards,contested the election and was seated February 1872.
  9. ^Wilshire (Republican) was initially seated (and thus is counted towards the party totals at this article), but the election was contested and the seat was subsequently awarded to Gunter (Democratic) during the 40th Congress's first session.
  10. ^Represented theBrindle Tail Republicanfaction in Arkansas
  11. ^Represented theMinstrel Republicanfaction in Arkansas

References[edit]

  1. ^17Stat.28
  2. ^17Stat.192
  3. ^Heersink, Boris; Jenkins, Jeffrey A. (March 19, 2020).Republican Party Politics and the American South, 1865-1968.Cambridge University Press. p. 256.ISBN978-1107158436.
  4. ^5Stat.721:28th Congress, 2nd Sess., Ch. 1, enacted January 23, 1845
  5. ^abcdGuide to U.S. Elections.Vol. II (6th ed.).Washington, D.C.:CQ Press.2010. p. 1046.ISBN9781604265361.LCCN2009033938.OCLC430736650.
  6. ^"DE District At Large - Nov 05, 1872".Our Campaigns.January 13, 2006.RetrievedJune 24,2024.
  7. ^"Our Campaigns - LA - At Large Race - Nov 05, 1872".ourcampaigns.
  8. ^"MS - District 01".Our Campaigns.RetrievedMarch 10,2021.
  9. ^"MS - District 02".Our Campaigns.RetrievedMarch 10,2021.
  10. ^"MS - District 03".Our Campaigns.RetrievedMarch 9,2021.
  11. ^"MS - District 04".Our Campaigns.RetrievedMarch 10,2021.
  12. ^"MS - District 05".Our Campaigns.RetrievedMarch 10,2021.
  13. ^"MS - District 06".Our Campaigns.RetrievedMarch 10,2021.
  14. ^"Our Campaigns - NE - District 01 Race - Oct 8, 1872".ourcampaigns.RetrievedSeptember 19,2021.
  15. ^Smith, Joseph P, ed. (1898).History of the Republican Party in Ohio.Vol. I. Chicago: the Lewis Publishing Company. p. 306.
  16. ^"TN - At Large".Our Campaigns.RetrievedFebruary 20,2021.
  17. ^"TN - District 01".Our Campaigns.RetrievedFebruary 20,2021.
  18. ^"TN - District 02".Our Campaigns.RetrievedFebruary 20,2021.
  19. ^"TN - District 03".Our Campaigns.RetrievedFebruary 20,2021.
  20. ^"TN - District 04".Our Campaigns.RetrievedFebruary 20,2021.
  21. ^"TN - District 05".Our Campaigns.RetrievedFebruary 20,2021.
  22. ^"TN - District 06".Our Campaigns.RetrievedFebruary 20,2021.
  23. ^"TN - District 07".Our Campaigns.RetrievedFebruary 20,2021.
  24. ^"TN - District 08".Our Campaigns.RetrievedFebruary 20,2021.
  25. ^"TN - District 09".Our Campaigns.RetrievedFebruary 20,2021.
  26. ^"WV District 01".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 15,2021.
  27. ^"WV District 02".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 15,2021.
  28. ^"WV District 03".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 15,2021.
  29. ^"Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results"(PDF).Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on April 5, 2012.RetrievedMay 24,2020.
  30. ^Turner, A. J., ed. (1874)."Official directory".The legislative manual of the state of Wisconsin (Report).Madison, Wisconsin:State of Wisconsin. pp. 444–445.RetrievedMay 24,2020.
  31. ^"Our Campaigns - CO Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 05, 1872".ourcampaigns.RetrievedMay 21,2020.
  32. ^"DK Territorial Delegate".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 6,2021.
  33. ^"ID Territorial Delegate".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 3,2021.
  34. ^"MT Territorial Delegate".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 4,2021.
  35. ^"WY Territorial Delegate".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 11,2021.

Bibliography[edit]

External links[edit]

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