1908 Hastings by-election

The1908Hastingsby-electionwas aParliamentary by-electionheld on 3 March 1908.The constituency returned oneMember of Parliament(MP) to theHouse of Commons of the United Kingdom,elected by thefirst past the postvoting system.

Vacancy

The seat had become vacant following the resignation of the sittingUnionistMP,Harvey Du Cros,on grounds of ill health. He had been the MP for the seat ofHastingssince the 1906 general election.

Electoral history

The seat had been Conservative since they gained it in 1906 against the national swing, having surprisingly lost it to the Liberals in 1900.

General election January 1906 Electorate 8,758

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Harvey du Cros	4,348	52.5	+4.1
	Liberal	Freeman Freeman-Thomas	3,935	47.5	-4.1
Majority			413	5.0	N/A
Turnout			8,283	94.6	+13.7
	ConservativegainfromLiberal		Swing	+4.1

Candidates

Arthur Du Cros in 1913

The Conservatives quickly adopted 37-year-oldArthur Du Cros,son of the former MP, as their new candidate. He had been born and raised in Dublin before entering the family rubber tyre manufacturing business in the Birmingham area. In 1906 Du Cros unsuccessfully contested the London seat ofBow & Bromleyas aConservativecandidate.

TheLiberalshad no local candidate because their previous candidateFreeman Freeman-Thomashad since been elected at a by-election. There was a delay in selecting 30-year-oldRobert Vernon Harcourt,the son ofSir William Harcourtas their man.Harcourt was educated atEton CollegeandTrinity College, Cambridge,where he took honours in the HistoryTripos.At Cambridge, he was a committee member ofCambridge University Liberal Clubfrom 1899 to 1900.Harcourt went into theForeign Service,serving as a clerk on the diplomatic establishment of theForeign Officefrom 1900 to 1906.He was then briefly engaged in journalism, being parliamentary correspondent of the magazine Tribune. He stood unsuccessfully for theLondon County Councilseat ofMile Endin 1907, as aProgressive.He was standing for parliament for the first time.

Campaign

Polling Day was fixed for 3 March 1908. The themes raised in the by-election ranged over many issues of the day and the clash between what was seen as the local man (Du Cros) versus the government incomer (Harcourt), even though they were both outsiders to the area.

Harcourt promoted his candidacy as that of a strong supporter of free trade.

Members of the militantWomen's Social and Political Unionwere in Hastings campaigning for the Conservative candidate, even though he was an opponent of women's suffrage, while the Liberal candidate was a supporter.

Result

The Conservatives held the seat and managed an increased majority;

Hastings by-election, 1908 Electorate 8,707

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Arthur Du Cros	4,495	56.4	+3.9
	Liberal	Robert Harcourt	3,477	43.6	-3.9
Majority			1,018	12.8	+7.8
Turnout			7,972	91.6	-3.0
	Conservativehold		Swing	+3.9

Both theSussex ExpressandThe Timesnewspapers were agreed that the Unionist victory was "first and foremost [due] toTariff Reformand particularly to the colonial preference side of the question ".

Aftermath

Harcourt had to wait only a few more weeks to get into Parliament. He was adopted as Liberal candidate at a by-election atMontrose Burghsfollowing the elevation to the peerage of the sitting member there, the veteran LiberalJohn Morley,was elected on 12 May 1908, and served as Member for Montrose until 1918. Du Cros held Hastings at the subsequent General Election.

General election January 1910 Electorate 9,027

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Arthur Du Cros	4,634	54.7	-1.7
	Liberal	R.Tweedy-Smith	3,833	45.3	+1.7
Majority			801	9.4	-3.4
Turnout			8,467	93.8	+2.2
	Conservativehold		Swing	-1.7

Du Cros held the seat until1918when he transferred to stand as aCoalition ConservativeinClapham,a seat he held until1922.

References

• Craig, F. W. S. (1974).British Parliamentary Election Results 1885–1918(1 ed.). London: Macmillan.
• Who's Who: ukwhoswho
• Debrett's House of Commons(1916)