1920

This article is about the year 1920. For the film, see1920(film).For the film series, see1920(film series).

1920

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	19th century 20th century 21st century
Decades:	1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s
Years:	1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923

1920 in variouscalendars

Gregorian calendar	1920 MCMXX
Ab urbe condita	2673
Armenian calendar	1369 ԹՎ ՌՅԿԹ
Assyrian calendar	6670
Baháʼí calendar	76–77
Balinese saka calendar	1841–1842
Bengali calendar	1327
Berber calendar	2870
British Regnal year	10Geo. 5– 11Geo. 5
Buddhist calendar	2464
Burmese calendar	1282
Byzantine calendar	7428–7429
Chinese calendar	Mình chưaNăm (EarthGoat) 4617 or 4410 — to — Canh Thân năm (MetalMonkey) 4618 or 4411
Coptic calendar	1636–1637
Discordian calendar	3086
Ethiopian calendar	1912–1913
Hebrew calendar	5680–5681
Hindu calendars
-Vikram Samvat	1976–1977
-Shaka Samvat	1841–1842
-Kali Yuga	5020–5021
Holocene calendar	11920
Igbo calendar	920–921
Iranian calendar	1298–1299
Islamic calendar	1338–1339
Japanese calendar	Taishō9 ( đại chính ９ năm )
Javanese calendar	1850–1851
Juche calendar	9
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar	4253
Minguo calendar	ROC9 Dân quốc 9 năm
Nanakshahi calendar	452
Thai solar calendar	2462–2463
Tibetan calendar	Âm thổ dương năm (female Earth-Goat) 2046 or 1665 or 893 — to — Dương kim năm con khỉ (male Iron-Monkey) 2047 or 1666 or 894

1920(MCMXX) was aleap year starting on Thursdayof theGregorian calendarand aleap year starting on Wednesdayof theJulian calendar,the 1920th year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 920th year of the2nd millennium,the 20th year of the20th century,and the 1st year of the1920sdecade. As of the start of 1920, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events

January

Main article:January 1920

January 17:Beginning ofProhibition in the United States

• January 1
  • Polish–Soviet War in 1920:The RussianRed Armyincreases its troops along the Polish border from 4 divisions to 20.
  • Kauniainen,completely surrounded by the city ofEspoo,secedes from Espoo as its own market town.
• January 7–Russian Civil War:The forces ofRussian WhiteAdmiralAlexander Kolchaksurrender inKrasnoyarsk;theGreat Siberian Ice Marchensues.
• January 10
  • TheTreaty of Versaillestakes effect, officially ending World War I.
  • TheLeague of Nations Covenantenters into force. OnJanuary 16,the organization holds its first council meeting, in Paris.
• January 11– TheAzerbaijan Democratic Republicis recognisedde factoby European powers inVersailles.
• January 13–The New York TimesridiculesAmerican rocket scientistRobert H. Goddard,which it will rescind following the launch ofApollo 11in1969.
• January 16
  • TheAllies of World War Idemand that the Netherlandsextraditeex-German EmperorWilhelm IIwho fled there in1918.
  • Zeta Phi BetaSorority, Incorporated, is founded on the campus ofHoward Universityin Washington, D.C.
• January 17–Prohibition in the United Statesbegins, with theEighteenth Amendment to the Constitutionwhich bans the sale ofalcoholin all States.
• January 19– TheAmerican Civil Liberties Union(ACLU) is founded.
• January 21– The final session of theParis Peace Conferenceis held, even though peace treaties with Hungary and Turkey remain to be concluded. The United States does not conclude its own treaty with Germany until August 25, 1921.
• January 22– The AustralianCountry Partyis officially formed.
• January 23– The Netherlands refuses to extradite ex-EmperorWilhelm II;on May 15 he moves intoHuis Doornin the country where he remains permanently in exile.
• January 28–El Tercio de Extranjeros(the "Regiment of Foreigners" ), later theSpanish Legion,is established bydecreeof KingAlfonso XIII of Spain.

February

Main article:February 1920

• February 1– TheSouth African Air Force(SAAF) is established, the second autonomous Air Force in the world, after theRoyal Air Force(RAF).
• February 2
  • Estonian War of Independence:TheTartu Peace Treatyis signed, ending the war and recognizing the independence of both theRepublic of Estoniaand theRussian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic.
  • FranceoccupiesMemel.
  • Sayyid Muhammad,Khan ofKhiva,abdicates.
• February 9– TheSvalbard Treaty,signed by members of the League of Nations in Paris, recognises the sovereignty ofNorwayover theArcticarchipelago ofSvalbard(at this time called Spitzbergen), while giving the other signatories economic rights in the islands.
• February 10– GeneralJózef Hallerfirst performsPoland's Wedding to the Sea,a symbolic celebration of the restitution of Polish access to theBaltic Sea.
• February 12–24–Conference of London:Leaders of the United Kingdom, France and Italy meet to discuss thepartitioning of the Ottoman Empire.
• February 13– Switzerland joins theLeague of Nations.
• February 14– TheLeague of Women Votersis founded in Chicago.
• February 17– A woman namedAnna Andersontries to commit suicide in Berlin and is taken to a mental hospital where she claims she isGrand Duchess Anastasia of Russia.
• February 20–1920 Gori earthquake:An earthquake hitsGoriin theDemocratic Republic of Georgia,killing 114.
• February 21– The island province ofMarinduquein thePhilippinesarchipelago is founded.
• February 22– InEmeryville, California,the firstdog racingtrack to employ an imitationrabbitopens.
• February 24–Adolf Hitlerpresents hisNational Socialist PrograminMunichto theGerman Workers' Party(Deutsche Arbeiterpartei), which renames itself as theNazi Party(Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei).

March

Main article:March 1920

• March 1
  • HungarianAdmiraland statesmanMiklós Horthybecomes theRegentofHungary.
  • TheUnited States Railroad Administrationreturns control of American railroads to its constituent railroad companies.
• March 7– The Syrian National Congress proclaimsSyriaindependent, withFaisal I of Iraqas king.
• March 10– The world's first peaceful establishment of asocial democraticgovernment takes place inSwedenasHjalmar Brantingtakes over asPrime MinisterwhenNils Edénleaves office.
• March 13–17–Wolfgang KappandWalther von Lüttwitz'sKapp Putsch(an attemptedcoupin Germany) briefly ousts theWeimar Republicgovernment from Berlin, but fails due to public resistance and a general strike.
• March 15– TheRuhr Red Army,a communist army 50,000 men strong, is formed inGermany.
• March 15–16–Constantinople is occupiedbyBritish Empireforces, acting for theAllied Powersagainst theTurkish National Movement.Retrospectively, theGrand National Assembly of Turkeyregards this as the dissolution of theOttoman regimeinIstanbul.
• March 18–Greecebegins using theGregorian calendar.
• March 19– TheUnited States Senaterefuses to ratify theTreaty of Versailles.
• March 23– AdmiralMiklós Horthydeclares thatHungaryis a monarchy, without anyone on the throne.
• March 25–Irish War of Independence:British recruits to theRoyal Irish Constabularybegin to arrive in Ireland. They become known from their improvised uniforms as the "Black and Tans".
• March 26– The German government asks France for permission to use its own troops against the rebelliousRuhr Red Army,in the French-occupied area.
• March 28– The1920 Palm Sunday tornado outbreakhits theGreat Lakes regionandDeep Southof the United States.
• March 29–Sir William Robertsonis promoted toField Marshal,the first man to rise fromprivate(enlisted1877) to the highest rank in theBritish Army.

April

Main article:April 1920

• April– TheSpanish Fluends with an estimate between seventeen million to fifty million dead. It would be the last globalpandemicuntil the2009 swine flu pandemicalmost 90 Years Later.
• April 2– The German army marches to theRuhr,to fight theRuhr Red Army.
• April 3– Attempts are made to carry out the failedassassination attempt on General Mannerheim,led by Aleksander Weckman by order ofEino Rahja,during theWhite Guardparade inTampere,Finland.
• April 4–1920 Palestine riots:Violence erupts between Arab and Jewish residents inJerusalem;9 are killed, 216 injured.
• April 6– The short-livedFar Eastern Republicis declared, in easternSiberia.
• April 11–Mexican Revolution:Álvaro Obregónflees from Mexico City (during a trial intended to ruin his reputation) toGuerrero,where he joins Fortunato Maycotte.
• April 19–26–San Remo conference:Representatives of Italy, France, the United Kingdom, and Japan meet to determine theLeague of Nations mandatesfor administration of territories, following thepartitioning of the Ottoman Empire.
• April 19– Germany andSoviet Russiaagree to the exchange of prisoners of war.

1920 Summer Olympics

• April 20
  • Mexican Revolution:Álvaro Obregónannounces (inChilpancingo) that he intends to fight against the rule ofVenustiano Carranza.
  • The1920 Summer Olympicsopen inAntwerp,Belgium. TheOlympic symbolsof five interlocking rings and the associated flag are first displayed at the games.
• April 23– TheGrand National Assembly of Turkeyis founded byMustafa Kemal Atatürk,inAnkara.It denounces the government of SultanMehmed VIand announces a temporary constitution.
• April 24–Polish–Soviet War:Polishand anti-SovietUkrainiantroops attack theRed Armyin Soviet Ukraine.
• April 26– TheKhorezm People's Soviet Republicis officially created bySoviet Russia,as the successor to theKhanate of Khiva.
• April 28– TheAzerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republicis officially created.

May

Main article:May 1920

• May 3– ABolshevik coupfails, in theDemocratic Republic of Georgia.
• May 7
  • Polish–Soviet War:Polishtroops occupyKyiv.The government of theUkrainian People's Republicreturns to the city.
  • Mexican Revolution:Venustiano Carranzaleaves Mexico City in a large train.
  • Treaty of Moscow (1920):Soviet Russiarecognizes the independence of theDemocratic Republic of Georgia,only to invade the country six months later.
• May 10–Agnès Souretis elected "The most beautiful woman in France".
• May 15–Russian Revolution:Russian White soldierMaria Bochkarevais executed in Soviet Russia.
• May 16
  • Canonization of Joan of Arc:Over 30,000 people attend the ceremony in Rome, including 140 descendants of Joan of Arc's family.Pope Benedict XVpresides over the rite, for which the interior ofSt. Peter's Basilicain Rome is richly decorated.
  • Areferendumin Switzerland favors joining theLeague of Nations.
• May 17
  • French and Belgian troops leave the cities they have occupied in Germany.
  • The first flight of Dutch air companyKLM,fromAmsterdamto London, takes place.
• May 19–Mexican Revolution:Álvaro Obregón's troops enter Mexico City.
• May 20–Mexican Revolution:Venustiano Carranzaarrives in San Antonio Tlaxcalantongo; troops ofRodolfo Herreroattack him at night and shoot him.
• May 24–Venustiano Carranzais buried in Mexico City; all of his mourning allies are arrested.Adolfo de la Huertais elected provisional president.
• May 26–Ganja revolt:Anti-Sovietopposition in theAzerbaijan SSRlaunches an abortive revolt inGanja.
• May 27–Tomáš Garrigue Masarykbecomes president ofCzechoslovakia.
• May 29–Floods at Louth, Lincolnshirein England kill 23.

June

Main article:June 1920

• June 4–Treaty of Trianon:Peace is restored between theAllied PowersandHungary,which loses 72% of its territory.
• June 5– Bolshevik cavalry breaks through Polish and Ukrainian lines south of Kyiv, precipitating eventual withdrawal.
• June 12–Polish–Soviet War:TheRed ArmyretakesKyiv.
• June 13
  • Essad Pasha Toptani,nominal ruler ofAlbania,is assassinated byAvni Rustemiin Paris.
  • TheUnited States Post Office Departmentrules that children may not be sent via parcel post.
• June 15
  • A new border treaty betweenGermanyand Denmark gives northernSchleswigto Denmark.
  • TheEstonian Constituent Assemblyadopts thefirst constitutionofEstonia,which will come into effect onDecember 21this year.
  • Duluth lynchings:Three African American circus workers are sprung from jail, subjected to akangaroo courtand hanged by a white mob inDuluth, Minnesota,in the northern United States.
  • Australian sopranoNellie Melbabecomes history's first well-known performer to make a radio broadcast when she sings two arias as part of an experimental series of broadcasts from a studio at theMarconi Company's factory atChelmsfordin England.
• June 22–Greek Summer Offensive:GreeceattacksTurkishtroops.
• June 29– The Republic of China joins theLeague of Nations.

July

Main article:July 1920

• July 1–Germanydeclares its neutrality in the war betweenPolandandSoviet Russia.
• July 2–Polish–Soviet War:TheRed Armycontinues its offensive intoPoland.
• July 7–Arthur Meighenbecomes Canada's ninthprime minister.
• July 11– TheEast Prussian plebisciteis held.
• July 12–Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty:TheRussian Soviet Federative Socialist Republicrecognizes independentLithuania.
• July 19–August 7– TheSecond Congressof theCommunist Internationaltakes place inSaint Petersburgand Moscow; theTwenty-one Conditionsare adopted.
• July 20– The United Kingdom cedes its brief control of the keyBlack Seaport ofBatumto theDemocratic Republic of Georgia.
• July 21– TheInterallied Mission to Polandtakes place.
• July 22–Polish–Soviet War:Polandsues for peace withSoviet Russia(which refuses).
• July 24–Battle of Maysalun:TheFrenchdefeat theSyrianarmy, whose leaderYusuf al-'Azmais killed. French troops occupyDamascusand deposeFaisal I of Syriaas king.
• July 26–Mexican Revolution:Pancho Villatakes overSabinaand contacts Mexican President de la Huerta to offer his conditional surrender, which he signs onJuly 28.
• July 29– TheUnited States Bureau of Reclamationbegins construction of theLink River Dam,as part of theKlamath Reclamation Project.
• July 30–August 8– The1st World Scout Jamboreeis held atOlympia, London.
• July 31
  • Irish-born AustralianCatholicArchbishopDaniel Mannixis detained on board ship by British authorities offQueenstownand prevented from landing in Ireland or from speaking in the main Irish Catholic communities elsewhere in the United Kingdom.
  • France prohibits the sale or prescription ofcontraceptives.
  • Representatives ofBritishrevolutionary socialistgroups meet at the Cannon Street Hotel inLondonand agree to form theCommunist Party of Great Britain.

August

Main article:August 1920

• August 3–Irish War of Independence:Catholicsriot inBelfast,in protest at the continuingBritish Armypresence.
• August 10–Ottoman SultanMehmed VI's representatives sign theTreaty of Sèvreswith theAllied Powers,confirming arrangements for thepartitioning of the Ottoman Empire.
• August 11–Bolshevik RussiarecognizesindependentLatvia.
• August 13–25–Polish–Soviet War:Battle of Warsaw– TheRed Armyis defeated.
• August 13–Irish War of Independence:TheRestoration of Order in Ireland Act(passed by theParliament of the United Kingdom) receivesRoyal Assent,providing forIrish Republican Armyactivists to be tried bycourt-martial,rather than byjuryin criminal courts.
• August 14– The1920 Summer Olympicsopen inAntwerp,Belgium.
• August 19–Russian Civil War:Peasants inTambov Governoratebegin theTambov Rebellionagainst theBolshevikgovernment ofSoviet Russia.
• August 19–25–Second Silesian Uprising:The Poles inUpper Silesiarise up against the Germans.
• August 20– The first commercial radio station in the United States, 8MK (WWJ), begins operations inDetroit.It is owned by theDetroit News,the first U.S. radio station owned by a newspaper.
• August 26– TheNineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitutionis ratified, guaranteeingwomen's suffrage.
• August 28–September 2–Bukhara operation:TheRussianRed ArmyandYoung Bukhariansoverthrow theEmirate of Bukhara,leading to the establishment of theBukharan People's Soviet Republic.

September

Main article:September 1920

• September 5
  • Mahatma Gandhilaunches theNon-Cooperation Movementin India, with the goal of obtaining independence from British rule
  • Presidential elections begin in Mexico.
• September 8–Gabriele D'Annunzioproclaims theItalian Regency of Carnaroin the city ofFiume.
• September 9– TheLotta Svärdwomen's paramilitary auxiliary is founded in Finland.
• September 12– The position ofPatriarch of the Serbsis re-established as the authority over theSerbian Orthodox Church,almost 156 years to the day after it was abolished by theOttoman Empirein1766.
• September 16
  • Wall Street bombing:A bomb in a horse wagon explodes in front of theJ. P. Morgan Buildingin New York City, killing 38 and injuring 400.
  • TheLatvian Land Reform of 1920is adopted by theConstitutional Assembly of Latvia.
• September 17– TheNational Football Leagueis established, as the American Professional Football Association.
• September 20– The first soldier joinsEl Tercio de Extranjeros(the "Regiment of Foreigners", later theSpanish Legion). Under the command ofJosé Millán AstrayandFrancisco Franco,its first duties are againstRifrebels in theSpanish protectorate in Morocco.
• September 21– TheCommunist Party of Uruguayis founded.
• September 22– The LondonMetropolitan Policeforms theFlying Squad,a motorised mobile detective patrol unit.
• September 25– TheTreaty of Seebis signed, ending theMuscat rebellionand granting theImamate of OmanAutonomy from theSultanate of Muscat and Oman.
• September 27–Polish–Soviet War:Soviet Russiasues for peace with Poland.
• September 29
  • The first domestic radio sets come to stores in the United States; aWestinghouseradio costs $10.
  • Adolf Hitlermakes his first public appearance in Austria, with speeches in Vienna, Innsbruck and Salzburg.

October

Main article:October 1920

• October 3– ThePrix de l'Arc de Triomphehorse race first runs in Paris.
• October 4– TheMannerheim League for Child Welfare,a Finnishnon-governmental organization,is founded on the initiative ofSophie Mannerheim.
• October 9–Polish–Lithuanian War:Polish troops takeVilnius.
• October 10–Carinthian Plebiscite:A large part ofCarinthia Provincevotes to become part of Austria, rather thanYugoslavia.
• October 14– A peace treaty between the Soviet and the Finnish governments is concluded atTartu.
• October 16–Polish–Soviet War:After the Polish army capturesTarnopol,Dubno,Minskand Dryssa, the ceasefire is enforced.
• October 18– Thousands of unemployed demonstrate in London; 50 are injured.
• October 26–Álvaro Obregónis announced as the electedpresident of Mexico.
• October 27
  • TheLeague of Nationsmoves its headquarters toGeneva,Switzerland.
  • BaronLouis De Geer the Youngerbecomes the new Prime Minister of Sweden.
• October 30– TheCommunist Party of Australiais founded in Sydney.
• October 31– Dr.Frederick Bantingof Canada first records his insight on how to isolateinsulinfor the treatment ofdiabetes;the first successful human trial of insulin will occur 15 months later.

November

Main article:November 1920

• November 2
  • 1920 United States presidential election:RepublicanU. S. SenatorWarren G. HardingdefeatsDemocraticGovernor ofOhioJames M. Coxand SocialistEugene V. Debs,in the first national U.S. election in which women have the right to vote.
  • In the United States,KDKA AMofPittsburgh(owned byWestinghouse) starts broadcasting as a commercialradio station.The first broadcast is the results of thepresidential election.
  • Meiji Shrine,one of many landmark spots inTokyo,is officially built inJapan.
• November 11– In London,The Cenotaphis unveiled andThe Unknown Warrioris buried inWestminster Abbey;while in Paris the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is consecrated beneath theArc de Triomphe.
• November 12– Italy and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes sign theTreaty of Rapallo.
• November 13– TheWhite Army's last units and civilian refugees are evacuated from theCrimeaonboard 126 ships,the remnants of the Russian Imperial Navy,toTurkey,Tunisiaand theKingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes,accompanied by wide-scale civilian massacres. The total number of evacuees amounts to approximately 150,000 people, of which 20% are civilians.
• November 14– TheEdmonton Symphony Orchestraholds its first concert.
• November 15– InGeneva,the first assembly of theLeague of Nationsis held.
• November 16– Queensland and Northern Territory Aviation Services (Qantas) is founded byHudson FyshandPaul McGinness.
• November 17– The council of theLeague of Nationsaccepts theconstitutionfor theFree City of Danzig.
• November 20–Prince Arthur of Connaughtis appointed the 3rdGovernor-General of South Africa.
• November 21–Irish War of Independence:Bloody Sunday:TheIrish Republican Army(IRA), on the instructions ofMichael Collins,shoot dead the "Cairo gang", 14 British undercover agents inDublin,most in their homes. Later this day in retaliation, theAuxiliary Divisionof theRoyal Irish Constabularyopen fire on a crowd at aGaelic Athletic Associationfootball match inCroke Park,resulting in 14 deaths with 60 wounded.Three men are shot this night inDublin Castle"while trying to escape".
• November 28
  • Irish War of Independence–Kilmichael Ambush:The flying column of the3rd Cork Brigadeof theIrish Republican Army,led byTom Barry,ambushes two lorries carrying men of theAuxiliary Divisionof theRoyal Irish ConstabularyatKilmichael, County Cork,killing 17 (with 3 of its men also dying), which leads to official reprisals.
  • FIDAC(French:FédérationInteralliéedesAnciensCombattants, English: The Interallied Federation of War Veterans Organisations) is established in Paris at the initiative of veterans fromWorld War I,predominantlypacifists,joined by associations of veterans from France, the United Kingdom, United States, Belgium, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Italy and Serbia.

December

Main article:December 1920

• December 1– TheMexican Revolutioneffectively ends with a new regime coming to power, which coincides with the end of theOld West.
• December 3– Following more than a month of theTurkish–Armenian War,the Turkish-dictatedTreaty of Alexandropolis concluded.
• December 7– The first draft of theMandate for Palestineis submitted to the League of Nations.
• December 5– AreferenduminGreeceis favorable to the reinstatement of the monarchy.
• December 10–Irish War of Independence:Martial lawis declared in CountiesCork,Kerry,LimerickandTipperary.
• December 11–Burning of Corkin Ireland: British forces set fire to some 5 acres (20,000 m²) of the centre ofCork,including the City Hall, in reprisal attacks, after a British auxiliary is killed in a guerilla ambush.
• December 13– Confectionery companyHaribois founded in Bonn, Germany.
• December 15–22– The Brussels Conference establishes a timetable for German war reparations, intended to extend for over 42 years.

Haiyuan earthquake

• December 16
  • An 8.2Richter scaleHaiyuan earthquakecauses alandslideinGansu Province,China, killing 273,000.
  • Finland joins theLeague of Nations.
• December 17– South Africa is granted aLeague of Nations Class C mandateoverSouth West Africa.
• December 22– The 8thCongress of Soviets of the Russian SFSRadopts theGOELRO plan,the major scheme for the economic development of the country.
• December 23
  • The United Kingdom and France ratify the border between French-heldSyriaand British-heldPalestine.
  • TheGovernment of Ireland Act 1920,passed by theParliament of the United Kingdom,receivesRoyal AssentfromGeorge V,providing for thepartition of IrelandintoNorthern IrelandandSouthern Ireland,with separate parliaments, granting a measure ofhome rule.
• December 25– TheRosicrucian Fellowship's spiritual healing templeThe Ecclesiais dedicated atMount Ecclesia,Oceanside, California.

Date unknown

• Hydrocodone,a narcotic analgesic closely related to codeine, is first synthesized in Germany, byCarl Mannichand Helene Löwenheim.
• Approximate date – TheHIV/AIDSpandemicalmost certainly originates in Léopoldville, modern-dayKinshasa,the capital of theBelgian Congo.

Births

January

Isaac Asimov

John Maynard Smith

Javier Pérez de Cuéllar

Federico Fellini

DeForest Kelley

SirAlf Ramsey

• January 2
  • Isaac Asimov,American author (d.1992)
  • George Herbig,American astronomer (d.2013)
  • Anne-Sofie Østvedt,Norwegian resistance leader (d.2009)
• January 4–David Musuguri,Tanzanian soldier and military officer
• January 5–Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli,Italian pianist (d.1995)
• January 6
  • Sun Myung Moon,Korean evangelist, founder of the Unification Church (d.2012)
  • John Maynard Smith,English biologist (d.2004)
  • P. Chitran Namboodirippad,Indian writer (d.2023)
• January 7–Vincent Gardenia,American actor (d.1992)
• January 8–Abbey Simon,American classical pianist (d.2019)
• January 9
  • Clive Dunn,British actor (d.2012)
  • Hakim Said,Pakistani scholar, philanthropist (d.1998)
  • Stefan Żywotko,Polish association football coach (d.2022)
• January 10
  • Raymond Cauchetier,French photographer (d.2021)
  • Roberto M. Levingston,Argentinian general, politician and 36th President of Argentina (d.2015)
• January 11–Jarbas Passarinho,Brazilian military officer, politician (d.2016)
• January 12–Bill Reid,Canadian artist (d.1998)
• January 13–Jahangir Amuzegar,Iranian economist, academic and politician (d.2018)
• January 14–Vahe Danielyan,Soviet soldier and concentration camp survivor
• January 15
  • Trevor Dannatt,English architect (d.2021)
  • John O'Connor,American Catholic cardinal (d.2000)
• January 16–Walter Frederick Morrison,American entrepreneur, inventor (d.2010)
• January 19–Javier Pérez de Cuéllar,PeruvianSecretary-General of the United Nations,135thPrime Minister of Peru(d.2020)
• January 20
  • Federico Fellini,Italian film director and screenwriter (d.1993)
  • Theodore H. Geballe,American physicist (d.2021)
  • Henry Hu,Hong Kong barrister
  • DeForest Kelley,American actor (Star Trek) (d.1999)
  • Fabian Ver,Filipino general (d.1998)
• January 21–Errol Barrow,1st Prime Minister of Barbados (d.1987)
• January 22– SirAlf Ramsey,English footballer and manager (d.1999)
• January 23
  • Gottfried Böhm,German architect (d.2021)
  • Charles Njonjo,Kenyan attorney and politician (d.2022)
• January 24–Manuel Yan,Filipino general (d.2008)
• January 25–Alicia Montoya,Mexican actress (d.2002)
• January 26
  • Heinz Kessler,German politician, military officer (d.2017)
  • Vasant Raiji,Indian cricketer (d.2020)
• January 27
  • Hiroyoshi Nishizawa,Japanese fighter ace (d.1944)
  • Helmut Zacharias,German violinist (d.2002)
• January 29–Balantrapu Rajanikanta Rao,Indian writer (d.2018)
• January 30
  • Michael Anderson,English film director (d.2018)
  • Ben Bagdikian,Armenian-American journalist, political commentator and critic (d.2016)
  • Delbert Mann,American television and film director (d.2007)

February

Farouk of Egypt

Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington

Tony Randall

• February 2–John Russell,American Olympic equestrian (d.2020)
• February 3–Henry Heimlich,American physician, medical researcher (d.2016)
• February 4–Giriraj Kishore,Indian activist, politician (d.2014)
• February 5–Frank Muir,British actor, comedy writer and raconteur (d.1998)
• February 6–Gordon Van Wylen,American physicist and author (d.2020)
• February 7
  • Jacqueline Diffring,German-born English sculptor (d.2020)
  • An Wang,Chinese-born computer pioneer (d.1990)
• February 8–Tony Murray,French-English billionaire and businessman (d.2023)
• February 11
  • Farouk I, King of Egypt(d.1965)
  • George Mandel,American author (d.2021)
• February 12
  • Heleno de Freitas,Brazilian footballer (d.1959)
  • Yoshiko Yamaguchi,Chinese-Japanese actress and singer (d.2014)
• February 13
  • Seneka Bibile,Sri Lankan pharmacologist (d.1977)
  • Annæus Schjødt Jr.,Norwegian barrister (d.2014)
• February 16–Anna Mae Hays,American general (d.2018)
• February 17
  • Ivo Caprino,Norwegian film director (d.2001)
• February 18–Eddie Slovik,U.S. Army private, only deserter to be executed during World War II (d.1945)
• February 20–Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington(d.1948)
• February 24–Fortune FitzRoy, Duchess of Grafton,English noble (d.2021)
• February 26
  • Hilmar Baunsgaard,Danish politician (d.1989)
  • Tony Randall,American actor (d.2004)
  • Lucjan Wolanowski,Polish journalist, writer and traveler (d.2006)
• February 28
  • Alf Kjellin,Swedish film actor and director (d.1988)
  • Jadwiga Piłsudska,Polish pilot (d.2014)
  • Zaim Topčić,Bosnian writer (d.1990)
• February 29
  • Howard Nemerov,American poet (d.1991)
  • Michele Morgan,French actress (d.2016)

March

James Doohan

Boris Vian

Nicolaas Bloembergen

Josip Manolić

• March 3
  • James Doohan,Canadian actor, voice actor, author and soldier (Star Trek) (d.2005)
  • Ronald Searle,British cartoonist (d.2011)
• March 4–Jean Lecanuet,French politician (d.1993)
• March 5–Rachel Gurney,British actress (d.2001)
• March 6
  • Lewis Gilbert,British film director, producer and screenwriter (d.2018)
  • Celina Seghi,Italian alpine skier (d.2022)
• March 8–Ingemar Hedberg,Swedish canoeist (d.2019)
• March 9–Franjo Mihalić,Croatian-Serbian athlete (d.2015)
• March 10
  • Robert Cardenas,American Air Force general (d.2022)
  • Alfred Peet,Dutch-American entrepreneur, founder ofPeet's Coffee & Tea(d.2007)
  • Boris Vian,French writer, poet, singer and musician (d.1959)
• March 11
  • Nicolaas Bloembergen,Dutch physicist,Nobel Prizelaureate (d.2017)
  • Ben Ferencz,Hungarian-American lawyer (d.2023)
• March 14–Hank Ketcham,American cartoonist (d.2001)
• March 15
  • Sid Hartman,American sports journalist (d.2020)
  • Lawrence Sanders,American novelist (d.1998)
  • E. Donnall Thomas,American physician, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine(d.2012)
• March 16–Leo McKern,Australian actor (d.2002)
• March 17–Sheikh Mujibur Rahman,founder, 2-time President & 2nd Prime Minister ofBangladesh(d.1975)
• March 20
  • Pamela Harriman,English-born American diplomat, socialite (d.1997)
  • Vickie Panos,Greek-Canadian female professional baseball player (d.1986)
  • Qemal Stafa,Albanian politician (d.1942)
  • Rosemary Timperley,British author (d.1988)
• March 22
  • Josip Manolić,Prime Minister of Croatia(d.2024)
  • Fanny Waterman,English pianist, educator (d.2020)
  • Helmut Winschermann,German oboist, conductor and teacher (d.2021)
• March 23
  • Tetsuharu Kawakami,Japanese baseball player, coach (d.2013)
  • Neal Edward Smith,American pilot, lawyer and politician (d.2021)
• March 24–Corbin Harney,elder and spiritual leader of the Newe (Western Shoshone) people (d.2007)
• March 25–Patrick Troughton,English actor (d.1987)
• March 26–Ernest Courant,American accelerator physicist (d.2020)
• March 27–William Moncrief,American businessman (d.2021)
• March 29
  • Marion Mann,American physician and pathologist (d.2022)
  • Gottfried Weilenmann,Swiss racing cyclist (d.2018)
• March 31
  • Deborah Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire(d.2014)
  • Marga Minco,Dutch journalist, writer (d.2023)

April

Toshiro Mifune

Richard von Weizsäcker

• April 1
  • Toshiro Mifune,Japanese actor (d.1997)
  • Yosh Uchida,American judo coach, businessman, entrepreneur and educator (d.2024)
• April 3–Ehsan Yarshater,Iranian scholar (d.2018)
• April 4–Éric Rohmer,French film director (d.2010)
• April 5
  • Barend Biesheuvel,Dutch politician,Prime Minister of the Netherlandsfrom 1971 until 1973 (d.2001)
  • Arthur Hailey,American writer (d.2004)
• April 6–Edmond H. Fischer,Swiss Americanbiochemist, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine(d.2021)
• April 7–Ravi Shankar,Indian sitar player (d.2012)
• April 11
  • Emilio Colombo,40th Prime Minister of Italy (d.2013)
  • Peter O'Donnell,British author, comic strip writer (d.2010)
• April 12
  • Anita Ellis,Canadian-American singer and actress (d.2015)
• April 13
  • Roberto Calvi,Italian banker (d.1982)
  • Marthe Cohn,French author and Holocaust survivor
  • Liam Cosgrave,sixthTaoiseachofIreland(d.2017)
  • Theodore L. Thomas,Americanchemical engineer,Patent attorneyand writer (d.2005)
• April 14
  • Stanley Stutz,American basketball player (d.1975)
  • Antônio Afonso de Miranda,BrazilianRoman Catholicbishop (d.2021)
• April 15
  • Thomas Szasz,Hungarian-born psychiatrist, writer (d.2012)
  • Richard von Weizsäcker,German politician,President of Germany(1984–1994) (d.2015)
• April 16
  • Prince Georg of Denmark(d.1986)
  • Bill Sidwell,Australian tennis player (d.2021)
• April 17
  • Arnold Yarrow,British actor
• April 18–Wang Zigan,modern papercutting artist, master of arts and crafts (d.2000)
• April 19
  • Gene Leis,American jazz guitarist, educator (d.1993)
  • Ragnar Ulstein,Norwegian journalist and writer (d.2019)
• April 20–John Paul Stevens,American judge,Associate Justice of the Supreme Court(d.2019)
• April 21–Edmund Adamkiewicz,German footballer (d.1991)
• April 22–Valeri Petrov,Bulgarian poet (d.2014)
• April 25
  • Robert Q. Lewis,American radio and television personality (d.1991)
  • Marko Račič,Slovenian athlete (d.2022)
• April 26–Padú del Caribe,Aruban musician and songwriter (d.2019)
• April 27–Guido Cantelli,Italian conductor (d.1956)
• April 30
  • Diet Eman,Dutch author and resistance worker (d.2019)
  • Gerda Lerner,Austrian-American historian and woman's history author (d.2013)
  • Captain Sir Tom Moore,English army officer and fundraiser (d.2021)

May

Pope John Paul II

Peggy Lee

• May 1–Alan Burgess,New Zealand cricketer (d.2021)
• May 2
  • Jean-Marie Auberson,Swiss conductor (d.2004)
  • Otto Buchsbaum,Austrian-born writer, ecological activist (d.2000)
  • Joan van der Waals,Dutch physicist (d.2022)
• May 3–Godfrey Evans,English cricketer (d.1999)
• May 5–Jon Naar,British-American author, photographer (d.2017)
• May 6
  • Mollie Lentaigne,English medical artist and Red Cross Voluntary Aid Detachment nurse (d.2024)
  • Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara,firstPrime Minister of FijiandPresident of Fiji(d.2004)
• May 8
  • Tom of Finland,Finnish artist (d.1991)
  • Jean Maran,French politician (d.2021)
• May 8–Saul Bass,American graphic designer (d.1996)
• May 9
  • Richard Adams,English novelist (d.2016)
  • Michael Dauncey,British Army brigadier (d.2017)
  • Mitsuko Mori,Japanese actress (d.2012)
• May 11–Gene Hermanski,American baseball player (d.2010)
• May 12
  • John Tyler Bonner,American biologist (d.2019)
  • Gerald Stapleton,South AfricanBattle of Britainfighter pilot (d.2010)
• May 13–Vassos Lyssarides,Cypriot politician and physician (d.2021)
• May 15–Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir,Lebanese cardinal (d.2019)
• May 17–Lydia Wideman,Finnish Olympic cross-country skier (d.2019)
• May 18–Pope John Paul II(d.2005)
• May 19
  • Ted Knap,American journalist (d.2023)
  • Tina Strobos,Dutch psychiatrist known for rescuing Jews duringWorld War II(d.2012)
• May 20
  • John Cruickshank,ScottishVictoria Crossrecipient
  • Betty Driver,British singer and actress (d.2011)
  • Domenico Leccisi,Italian politician (d.2008)
• May 21–Sonja de Lennart,German fashion designer
• May 22–Helen Andelin,American author (d.2009)
• May 23–Helen O'Connell,American singer (d.1993)
• May 25–Arthur Wint,Jamaican runner (d.1992)
• May 26
  • John Dall,American actor (d.1971)
  • Peggy Lee,American singer (d.2002)
• May 28–Gene Levitt,American television writer, producer and director (d.1999)
• May 29–John Harsanyi,Hungarian-born economist,Nobel Prizelaureate (d.2000)
• May 30
  • Godfrey Binaisa,President of Uganda(d.2010)
  • James F. Leonard,American diplomat (d.2020)
  • Frederick M. Nicholas,American lawyer
  • Franklin Schaffner,American film, television director (d.1989)
  • Shōtarō Yasuoka,Japanese writer (d.2013)

June

José López Portillo

Zeno Colò

• June 1–Amos Yarkoni,Israeli soldier (d.1991)
• June 2
  • Marcel Reich-Ranicki,German literary critic, member of the literary Gruppe 47 (d.2013)
  • Tex Schramm,American football executive (d.2003)
  • Johnny Speight,British television scriptwriter (d.1998)
• June 5–Marion Motley,American football player (d.1999)
• June 10
  • Ruth Graham,American evangelist, wife of Billy Graham (d.2007)
  • Paula Stafford,Australian fashion designer (d.2022)
• June 11
  • Albin Chalandon,French politician (d.2020)
  • King MahendraofNepal(d.1972)
• June 12–Dave Berg,American cartoonist (d.2002)
• June 13–Rolf Huisgen,German chemist and academic (d.2020)
  • Larry Kenney,American basketball player (d.2021)
• June 15–Alberto Sordi,Italian actor (d.2003)
• June 16
  • Eva Estrada-Kalaw,Filipino politician (d.2017)
  • José López Portillo,51st President of Mexico (d.2004)
  • Bob Ryland,American tennis player (d.2020)
• June 17
  • Patrick Duffy,English economist and president of the NATO Assembly
  • Jacob H. Gilbert,American politician (d.1981)
  • Setsuko Hara,Japanese actress (d.2015)
  • François Jacob,French biologist, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine(d.2013)
  • Peter Le Cheminant,Guernesiase air force commander (d.2018)
• June 18
  • Utta Danella,German writer (d.2015)
  • Aster Berkhof,Belgian author and academic (d.2020)
• June 19
  • Thomas Jefferson,American musician (d.1986)
  • Eliana Navarro,Chilean poet (d.2006)
• June 20–Amos Tutuola,Nigerian writer (d.1997)
• June 21–Hans Gerschwiler,Swiss figure skater (d.2017)
• June 22
  • Lester Wunderman,American executive (d.2019)
  • Jack Karwales,American football player (d.2004)
  • Walt Masterson,American right-handed baseball pitcher (d.2008)
  • Paul Frees,American voice actor (d.1986)
  • Jovito Salonga,Filipino statesman (d.2016)
• June 23–Saleh Ajeery,Kuwaiti astronomer (d.2022)
• June 25
  • Jeanne Tomasini,Corsican writer (d.2022)
  • Lassie Lou Ahern,American actress (d.2018)
  • Ozan Marsh,American pianist (d.1992)
• June 27–Fernando Riera,Chilean football player, manager (d.2010)
• June 28–Clarissa Eden,wife of British Prime MinisterAnthony Eden(d.2021)
• June 29
  • Armin Hofmann,Swiss graphic designer (d.2020)
  • Ray Harryhausen,American animator (d.2013)
• June 30
  • Eleanor Ross Taylor,American poet (d.2011)
  • Zeno Colò,Italian Olympic alpine skier (d.1993)

July

Yul Brynner

Juan Antonio Samaranch

Émile Idée

• July 1
  • George I. Fujimoto,American chemist (d.2023)
  • Aziz Sedky,Egyptian politician, engineer (d.2008)
  • Lucidio Sentimenti,Italian footballer (d.2014)
• July 3–Lennart Bladh,Swedish politician (d.2006)
• July 4
  • Anthony Barber,British Conservative politician (d.2005)
  • Leona Helmsley,American hotel operator, real estate investor (d.2007)
• July 5
  • Mary Louise Hancock,American politician (d.2017)
  • Viola Harris,American actress (d.2017)
  • Rosemarie Springer,German equestrian (d.2019)
• July 6–Kim Hyung-suk,South Korean philosopher
• July 7
  • Sandy Tatum,American golfer (d.2017)
  • William Thaddeus Coleman Jr.,American attorney, politician (d.2017)
• July 10
  • Owen Chamberlain,American physicist,Nobel Prizelaureate (d.2006)
  • J. T. White,American college football assistant coach (d.2005)
  • Milo Anstadt,Dutch-Jewish writer, journalist (d.2011)
• July 11
  • Hudson William Edison Ntsanwisi,South African Politician,GazankuluChief Minister (d.1993)
  • Yul Brynner,Russian actor (d.1985)
  • Zecharia Sitchin,Soviet-born American author (d.2010)
• July 12–Randolph Quirk,British linguist, life peer (d.2017)
• July 14–Marijohn Wilkin,American songwriter (d.2006)
• July 15
  • Theresa Kobuszewski,American professional baseball player, World War II veteran (d.2005)
  • Prince Michael Andreevich of Russia(d.2008)
• July 16
  • Ulysses S. Washington,American college football player, coach (d.2018)
  • Larry Jansen,American right-handed pitcher, coach (d.2009)
• July 17
  • Juan Antonio Samaranch,Spanish International Olympic Committee president (d.2010)
  • Gordon Gould,American physicist (d.2005)
  • June Vincent,American actress (d.2008)
• July 18
  • Zheng Min,Chinese scholar and poet (d.2022)
  • Dolph Sweet,American actor (d.1985)
• July 19
  • Émile Idée,French professional road bicycle racer
  • Robert Mann,American violinist (d.2018)
  • Frank Maznicki,American football player (d.2013)
  • George Dawkes,English cricketer (d.2006)
• July 20
  • Jasper Blackall,British sailor (d. unknown)
  • Byron Krieger,American foil, sabre and épée fencer (d.2015)
• July 21
  • Jean Daniel,Algerian-born French-Jewish journalist and author (d.2020)
  • Gunnar Thoresen,Norwegian footballer (d.2017)
  • Constant Nieuwenhuys,Dutch painter (d.2005)
  • Isaac Stern,Ukrainian-born violinist (d.2001)
• July 23
  • L. Martin Griffin,American environmentalist and conservationist (d.2024)
  • Amália Rodrigues,Portuguesefadosinger and actress (d.1999)
• July 24–Bella Abzug,American feminist politician (d.1998)
• July 25
  • Rosalind Franklin,British crystallographer (d.1958)
  • David P. Buckson,American lawyer, politician (d.2017)
• July 27–Howard Hibbett,American translator (d.2019)
• July 28–Lea Padovani,Italian film actress (d.1991)
• July 29–Elói,Portuguese footballer (d.2000)
• July 30–Lady Brigid Guinnessof theUnited Kingdom(d.1995)
• July 31
  • Ndabaningi Sithole,Zimbabwean politician (d.2000)
  • Franca Valeri,Italian actress (d.2020)

August

P. D. James

Maureen O'Hara

Shelley Winters

Ray Bradbury

Prem Tinsulanonda

Ali Sabri

• August 1–Sammy Lee,Korean-American diver (d.2016)
• August 3–P. D. James,English mystery novelist (d.2014)
• August 4
  • John Figueroa,Jamaican poet (d.1999)
  • Helen Thomas,American author, news service reporter, member of theWhite House press corpsand columnist (d.2013)
• August 5
  • Bill Grayden,Australian politician
  • Mickey Shaughnessy,Irish-American character actor, comedian (d.1985)
• August 6
  • Selma Diamond,Canadian-American comedic actress (d.1985)
  • Ella Raines,American actress (d.1988)
• August 7
  • Glauco Della Porta,Italian politician, economist (d.1976)
  • Françoise Adret,French ballet dancer, choreographer (d.2018)
  • Mario Astorri,Italian football player, coach (d.1989)
• August 8
  • Leo Chiosso,Italian poet (d.2006)
  • Dominique Marcas,French actress (d.2022)
  • Jimmy Witherspoon,American singer (d.1997)
• August 9
  • Willi Heinrich,German Second World War veteran, later an author (d.2005)
  • Milton G. Henschel,American member of the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses, 5th President of the Watch
• August 10
  • Ann Harnett,American female baseball player (d.2006)
  • Red Holzman,American basketball coach (d.1998)
• August 11–Florence Bjelke-Petersen,Australian politician, writer (d.2017)
• August 12–Anna-Kaarina Aalto,Finnish physician and politician (d.1994)
• August 13–Neville Brand,American actor, highly decorated World War II combat soldier (d.1992)
• August 14–María Teresa Linares Savio,Cuban musicologist (d.2021)
• August 15–Prince Konstantin of Bavaria(d.1969)
• August 16
  • Charles Bukowski,American writer (d.1994)
  • Peter Lloyd,Australian aviator (d.2022)
• August 17–Maureen O'Hara,Irish-American actress (d.2015)
• August 18
  • Bob Kennedy,American baseball player, manager (d.2005)
  • Mervyn Lee,Australian politician (d.2009)
  • Shelley Winters,American actress (d.2006)
• August 20–Boris Braun,Croatian university professor and Holocaust survivor (d.2018)
• August 21–Christopher Robin Milne,English author, bookseller (d.1996)
• August 22–Ray Bradbury,American science fiction writer (d.2012)
• August 26
  • Prem Tinsulanonda,Thai politician, 16th Prime Minister of Thailand (d.2019)
  • Richard E. Bellman,American mathematician (d.1984)
• August 27–Baptiste Manzini,American football player (d.2008)
• August 28–Jaime de Almeida,Brazilian football player, manager (d.1973)
• August 29
  • Charlie Parker,African-American saxophonist, composer (d.1955)
• August 30–Ali Sabri,Egyptian politician, 32ndPrime Minister of Egypt(d.1991)

September

Chabuca Granda

Mickey Rooney

• September 1
  • Richard Farnsworth,American actor, stuntman (d.2000)
  • Rayson Huang,Hong Kong chemist (d.2015)
• September 2–Mónica Echeverría,Chilean journalist, writer, actress and a Literature professor (d.2020)
• September 5–Apolonia Muñoz Abarca,American health professional and reproductive rights advocate (d.2009)
• September 8
  • Lawrence LeShan,American psychologist, educator and author (d.2020)
  • Lesław Bartelski,Polish male writers (d.2006)
• September 10
  • Robert F. Inger,American herpetologist (d.2019)
  • C. R. Rao,Indian-born American mathematician and statistician (d.2023)
  • Fabio Taglioni,Italian motorcycle engineer (d.2001)
• September 12
  • Darussalam,Indonesian actor (d.1993)
  • Lore Lorentz,German cabaret artist, standup comedian (d.1994)
• September 13
  • Else Holmelund Minarik,Danish-American author and illustrator (d.2012)
  • Alan Sagner,American public servant, political fundraiser (d.2018)
• September 14
  • Mario Benedetti,Uruguayan writer (d.2009)
  • Don Johnson,American football player (d.1965)
  • Hans Pfann,German gymnast (d.2021)
  • Fuad Stephens,Malaysian politician (d.1976)
  • Lawrence Klein,American economist,Nobel Prizelaureate (d.2013)
• September 15–Dave Garcia,American baseball coach, manager (d.2018)
• September 17–Marjorie Holt,American politician (d.2018)
• September 18–Jack Warden,American actor (d.2006)
• September 19–Roger Angell,American journalist, author and editor (d.2022)
• September 20–Jay Ward,American animation producer (d.1989)
• September 21–Kenneth McAlpine,English racing driver (d.2023)
• September 22–William H. Riker,American political scientist (d.1993)
• September 23–Mickey Rooney,American actor, dancer and entertainer (d.2014)
• September 24
  • Dick Bong,American fighter ace (d.1945)
  • Harber H. Hall,American politician (d.2020)
  • Ovadia Yosef,Israeli Chief Rabbi (d.2013)
• September 25–Wan Haifeng,Chinese military officer (d.2023)
• September 27–William Conrad,American actor, film director and producer (d.1994)
• September 29–Peter D. Mitchell,English chemist,Nobel Prizelaureate (d.1992)
• September 30–Milton P. Rice,American politician (d.2018)
• Unknown –Wu Ningkun,Chinese academic (d.2019)

October

Walter Matthau

Montgomery Clift

Melina Mercouri

Timothy Leary

• October 1
  • Charles Daudelin,Canadian sculptor (d.2001)
  • Walter Matthau,American actor (d.2000)
• October 2–Tun Tin,6thPrime Minister of Burma(d.2020)
• October 3–Bung Tomo,Indonesian military leader and 1st Minister of State (d.1981)
• October 4
  • Charles Burrell,American musician
  • Pietro Consagra,Italian sculptor (d.2005)
• October 5–Ralph Turlington,American politician (d.2021)
• October 8–Frank Herbert,American author (d.1986)
• October 9
  • Jens Bjørneboe,Norwegian author (d.1976)
  • Yusef Lateef,American jazz musician, composer (d.2013)
  • Jason Wingreen,American actor (d.2015)
• October 10
  • Gail Halvorsen,retired American Air Force pilot (d.2022)
  • Noah Keen,American actor (d.2019)
  • Zou Yu,Chinese jurist and politician
• October 13
  • Laraine Day,American actress (d.2007)
  • Donald Russell,English author (d.2020)
• October 15–Mario Puzo,American author (d.1999)
• October 16–Alicia Dussán de Reichel,Colombian educator (d.2023)
• October 17
  • Claire Barry,American singer (The Barry Sisters) (d.2014)
  • Montgomery Clift,American actor (d.1966)
  • Miguel Delibes,Spanish novelist (d.2010)
• October 18–Melina Mercouri,Greek actress and politician (d.1994)
• October 19–Pandurang Shastri Athavale,Indian founder of the Swadhyay Movement (d.2003)
• October 20
  • Janet Jagan,6th President of Guyana (d.2009)
  • Siddhartha Shankar Ray,Indian politician,Chief Minister of West Bengal(d.2010)
• October 21–Ruth Terry,American singer, actress (d.2016)
• October 22–Timothy Leary,American psychologist, author and proponent ofLSD(d.1996)
• October 23–Vern Stephens,American baseball player (d.1968)
• October 24–Steve Conway,British singer (d. 1952)
• October 25–J. Denis Summers-Smith,English ornithologist and mechanical engineer (d.2020)
• October 26
  • Sarah Lee Lippincott,American astronomer (d.2019)
  • Robert D. Maxwell,AmericanMedal of Honourrecipient (d.2019)
• October 27–K. R. Narayanan,President of India(d.2005)
• October 29
  • Baruj Benacerraf,Venezuelan-born immunologist, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine(d.2011)
  • Hilda Bernard,Argentine actress (d.2022)
• October 31
  • Dedan Kimathi,Kenyan revolutionary leader (d.1957)
  • Dick Francis,British jockey-turned-novelist (d.2010)
  • Fritz Walter,German footballer (d.2002)

November

Esther Rolle

Gene Tierney

Stan Musial

• November 2–Kim Chol-man,North Korean politician and military official (d.2018)
• November 3–Oodgeroo Noonuccal,Australian political activist, artist, and educator (d.1993)
• November 4–Val Heim,American Major League Baseball player (d.2019)
• November 5
  • John H. Land,American politician, mayor of Apopka, Florida (d.2014)
  • Douglass North,American economist (d.2015)
• November 8
  • Sitara Devi,Indian dancer (d.2014)
  • Esther Rolle,American actress (d.1998)
  • Wally Westlake,American Major League Baseball player (d.2019)
• November 11
  • Paul Ignatius,American government official
  • Walter Krupinski,German World War II fighter ace, postwar general (d.2000)
• November 12–Josip Boljkovac,Croatian politician (d.2014)
• November 13
  • Jack Elam,American actor (d.2003)
  • Georg Olden,African-American graphic designer (d.1975)
  • Stanley M. Truhlsen,American ophthalmologist (d.2021)
• November 14–Mary Greyeyes,firstFirst Nationswoman to join theCanadian Armed Forces(d.2011)
• November 15–Wayne Thiebaud,American painter (d.2021)
• November 16
  • Eric P. Hamp,American linguist (d.2019)
  • José Lewgoy,Brazilian actor (d.2003)
• November 18–Mustafa Khalil,40th Prime Minister of Egypt (d.2008)
• November 19–Gene Tierney,American actress (d.1991)
• November 21
  • Ralph Meeker,American actor (d.1988)
  • Stan Musial,American baseball player (d.2013)
• November 22
  • Anne Crawford,British actress (d.1956)
  • Baidyanath Misra,Indian economist (d.2019)
• November 23–Paik Sun-yup,South Korean military officer (d.2020)
• November 24–Jorge Mistral,Spanish-Mexican actor (d.1972)
• November 25
  • Noel Neill,American actress (d.2016)
  • Ricardo Montalbán,Mexican actor (d.2009)
  • Putra of Perlis,Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (d.2000)
• November 27–Buster Merryfield,British actor (d.1999)
• November 28–Patrick Rodger,Scottish Anglican bishop (d.2002)
• November 29
  • Bob Wolff,American sportscaster (d.2017)
  • Yegor Ligachyov,Soviet and Russian politician (d.2021)
• November 30–Virginia Mayo,American actress (d.2005)

December

Carlo Azeglio Ciampi

Clark Terry

• December 1
  • Peter Baptist Tadamaro Ishigami,Japanese Roman Catholic prelate (d.2014)
  • Lê Đức Anh,4thPresident of Vietnam(d.2019)
• December 5–Poldine Carlo,American author (d.2018)
• December 6
  • Dave Brubeck,American jazz pianist and composer (d.2012)
  • George Porter,English chemist,Nobel Prizelaureate (d.2002)
• December 8–Ivar Martinsen,Norwegian speed skater (d.2018)
• December 9–Carlo Azeglio Ciampi,49thPrime Minister of Italy,10thPresident of Italy(d.2016)
• December 10–Stanko Todorov,Bulgarian communist politician (d.1996)
• December 12
  • Jorge Dória,Brazilian actor and humorist (d.2013)
  • Margot Duhalde,Chilean pilot (d.2018)
• December 13
  • Kaysone Phomvihane,2nd President, 11th Prime Minister of Laos (d.1992)
  • George P. Shultz,American economist, politician and 60thUnited States Secretary of State(d.2021)
• December 14
  • Frank T. Cary,American executive, businessman (d.2006)
  • Clark Terry,American jazz musician and composer (d.2015)
• December 15
  • Bernice Falk Haydu,American aviator (d.2021)
  • Eddie Robinson,American Major League Baseball player (d. 2021)
• December 16–John Hale Stutesman,American public official (d.2019)
• December 17–Ewa Paradies,German Nazi war criminal (d.1946)
• December 18–Gianni Di Venanzo,Italian cinematographer (d.1966)
• December 19
  • Trygve Brudevold,Norwegian bobsledder (d.2021)
  • Little Jimmy Dickens,American country music singer-songwriter (d.2015)
  • David Susskind,American producer, talk show host (d.1987)
• December 20–Väinö Linna,Finnish author (d.1992)
• December 21
  • Alicia Alonso,Cuban ballerina (d.2019)
  • Iris Cummings,American Olympic swimmer and aviator
  • Adele Goldstine,American mathematician (d.1964)
  • Harold Lang,American dancer and actor (d.1985)
  • J. Roderick MacArthur,American businessman, philanthropist (d.1984)
• December 22–Robin Dalton,Australian literary agent and film producer (d.2022)
• December 23–Tim Elkington,English Royal Air Force pilot (d.2019)
• December 24
  • Edy Reinalter,Swiss alpine skier (d.1962)
  • Yevgeniya Rudneva,Soviet World War II heroine (d.1944)
• December 28–Princess Antoinette, Baroness of Massy(d.2011)
• December 29
  • Josefa Iloilo,3rd President of Fiji (d.2011)
  • Viveca Lindfors,Swedish-American actress (d.1995)
• December 30–Jack Lord,American actor (d.1998)
• December 31–Rex Allen,American actor, singer and songwriter (d.1999)

Date unknown

• Emilia "Mimi" Jennewein,American painter (d.2006)

Deaths

January

SaintZygmunt Gorazdowski

Edmund Barton

Amedeo Modigliani

• January 1–Zygmunt Gorazdowski,PolishRoman Catholicpriest and saint (b.1845)
• January 2–Paul Adam,French Symbolist writer (b.1862)
• January 3–Zygmunt Janiszewski,Polish mathematician (b.1888),Spanish flu
• January 4
  • Manuel de la Cámara,Spanish admiral (b.1835)
  • Benito Pérez Galdós,Spanish novelist (b.1843)
• January 6
  • Heinrich Lammasch,Austrian statesman, last minister-president of Austria (as part of theAustro-Hungarian Empire) in 1918 (b.1853)
  • Walter Cunliffe, 1st Baron Cunliffe,English banker (b.1856)
  • Hieronymus Georg Zeuthen,Danish mathematician (b.1839)
• January 7–Sir Edmund Barton,1stPrime Minister of Australia(b.1849)
• January 11–Kataoka Shichirō,Japanese admiral (b.1854)
• January 14–John Francis Dodge,American automobile manufacturer (b.1864),Spanish flu
• January 16–Mikhail Bakhirev,Russian admiral (executed) (b.1868)
• January 22–Georg Lurich,Estonian Greco-Roman wrestler, strongman (b.1876)
• January 24
  • William Percy French,Irish songwriter and entertainer (b.1854)
  • Amedeo Modigliani,Italian painter, sculptor (tuberculosis) (b.1884)

February

Robert Peary

• February 2–Field Eugene Kindley,American World War I aviator (b.1896)
• February 3–Frank Brown,42ndGovernor of Maryland(b.1846)
• February 6
  • Augustus F. Goodridge,Canadian merchant and politician (b.1839)
  • Alexander Kolchak,Russian naval commander (b.1874;executed)
  • Viktor Pepelyayev,Russian politician (b.1874;executed)
• February 11–Gaby Deslys,French dancer, actress & spy (b.1881),Spanish flu
• February 13–João Maria Correia Ayres de Campos, 1st Count of Ameal,Portuguese politician and antiquarian (b.1847)
• February 15
  • Aleksander Aberg,Estonian professional wrestler, strongman (b.1881)
  • Joseph Burton Sumner,American founder of Sumner, Mississippi (b.1837)
• February 17–Eduard von Knorr,German admiral (b.1840)
• February 20
  • Robert Peary,American Arctic explorer (b.1856)
  • Jacinta Marto,Portuguese saint (b.1910),Spanish flu
• February 21–Afonso, Duke of Porto(b.1865)
• February 27–William Sherman Jennings,Governor of Florida (b.1863)

March

Evelina Haverfield

• March 1
  • John H. Bankhead,U.S. Senator from Alabama (b.1842)
  • William A. Stone,Governor of Pennsylvania (b.1846)
  • Joseph Trumpeldor,Russian Zionist (b.1880)
• March 4–Roswell P. Bishop,U.S. Congressman from Michigan (b.1843)
• March 7–Jaan Poska,Estonian barrister, politician (b.1866)
• March 11–Julio Garavito Armero,Colombian astronomer (b.1865)
• March 14–Nikolai Korotkov,Russian surgeon (b.1874)
• March 15–Rudolf Berthold,German World War I fighter ace (b.1891)
• March 21–Evelina Haverfield,British suffragette (b.1867)
• March 24–Mary Augusta Ward,Tasmanian novelist (b.1851)
• March 26–William Chester Minor,American surgeon (b.1834)
• March 31
  • Paul Bachmann,German mathematician (b.1837)
  • Abdul Hamid Madarshahi,Bengali Islamic scholar and author (b.1869)
  • Lothar von Trotha,German military commander (b.1848)
  • Edwin Warfield,Governor of Maryland (b.1848)

April

Srinivasa Ramanujan

• April 1–Walter Simon,German philanthropist (b.1857)
• April 8
  • John Brashear,American astronomer (b.1840)
  • Charles Tomlinson Griffes,American composer (b.1884)
• April 10–Moritz Cantor,German mathematical historian (b.1829)
• April 12–Walter Edwards,American film director (b.1870)
• April 21–Maria Sanford,American educator (b.1836)
• April 26–Srinivasa Ramanujan,Indian mathematician (b.1887)

May

James Colosimo

• May 1–Princess Margaret of Connaught,Crown Princess of Sweden (b.1882)
• May 4–Mary Catherine Crowley,American author (b.1856)
• May 8–Johan Reinhold Sahlberg,Finnish entomologist (b.1845)
• May 10–John Wesley Hyatt,American inventor (b.1837)
• May 11
  • Big Jim Colosimo,Italian-born American gangster (b.1878)
  • William Dean Howells,American writer (b.1837)
• May 15–Maria Bochkareva,Russian White soldier (b.1889)
• May 16
  • Joselito,Spanish bullfighter (b.1895)
  • Levi P. Morton,22ndVice President of the United States(b.1824)
• May 18–Curry Cabral,Portuguese physician and professor (b.1844)
• May 21
  • Venustiano Carranza,President of Mexico(b.1859)
  • Eleanor H. Porter,American novelist (b.1868)
• May 23–Svetozar Boroević,Austro-Hungarian field marshal (b.1856)
• May 28–Hardwicke Rawnsley,English clergyman, poet, writer of hymns and conservationist (b.1851)
• May 30
  • Mirza Muhammad Yusuf Ali,Bengali writer and social activist (b.1858)
  • George Ernest Morrison,Australian adventurer (b.1862)

June

Essad Pasha

Max Weber

• June 2–Francisco Plancarte y Navarrete,Mexican archaeologist and Archbishop ofRoman Catholic Archdiocese of Monterrey(b.1856)
• June 6–James Dunsmuir,Canadian politician (b.1851)
• June 13–Essad Pasha Toptani,Prime Minister of Albania(b.1863)
• June 14
  • Ella Eaton Kellogg,American dietetician (b.1853)
  • Anna Maria Mozzoni,Italian feminist (b.1837)
  • Gabrielle Réjane,French actress (b.1856)
  • Max Weber,German political economist (b.1864),Spanish flu
• June 18
  • Jewett W. Adams,Governor of Nevada (b.1835)
  • John Macoun,Irish-born naturalist (b.1831)
• June 20
  • Marie-Adolphe Carnot,French chemist, mining engineer and politician (b.1839)
  • John Grigg,New Zealand astronomer (b.1838)
• June 27–Adolphe-Basile Routhier,Canadian judge, author and lyricist (b.1839)

July

• July 1–Delfim Moreira,10thPresident of Brazil(b.1868)
• July 2–William Louis Marshall,American general, engineer (b.1846)
• July 3–William C. Gorgas,American Army surgeon (b.1854)
• July 5–Max Klinger,German painter and sculptor (b.1857)
• July 7–Roberto Silva Renard,Chilean general (b.1855)
• July 10–John Fisher, 1st Baron Fisher,British admiral (b.1841)
• July 11–Empress Eugénieof France (b.1826)
• July 17
  • Charles E. Courtney,American rower, rowing coach (b.1849)
  • Sir Edmund Elton, 8th Baronet,English potter (b.1846)
• July 18–Prince Joachim of Prussia(b.1890)
• July 20–Sarada Devi,Indian mystic and saint (b.1853)
• July 22–William Kissam Vanderbilt,American heir (b.1849)

August

Ray Chapman

• August 1
  • Frank Hanly,Governor of Indiana (b.1863)
  • Bal Gangadhar Tilak,Indian nationalist (b.1856)
• August 2–Ormer Locklear,American stunt pilot, film actor (b.1891)
• August 6–Remus von Woyrsch,German field marshal (b.1847)
• August 8–Eduard Birnbaum,Polish-born German cantor (b.1855)
• August 9–Sir Samuel Griffith,Australian politician and judge (b.1845)
• August 10
  • Clara Lachmann,Danish-Swedish patron of the arts (b.1864)
  • James O'Neill,American actor (b.1847)
  • Ádám Politzer,Austrian otologist (b.1835)
• August 12–Hermann Struve,Russian-born astronomer (b.1854)
• August 16
  • Henry Daglish,Premier of Western Australia(b.1866)
  • Sir Norman Lockyer,English astronomer (b.1836)
• August 17–Ray Chapman,American baseball player (b.1891)
• August 21–Paul W. Abt,American businessman and politician (b.1845)
• August 22–Anders Zorn,Swedish painter (b.1860)
• August 26–James Wilson,Scottish-born American politician (b.1835)
• August 31–Wilhelm Wundt,German physiologist, psychologist (b.1832)

September

Peter Carl Fabergé

• September 7–Simon-Napoléon Parent,Premier of Quebec(b.1855)
• September 8–Harmon Northrop Morse,American chemist (b.1848)
• September 10–Olive Thomas,American actress (b.1894)
• September 18–Robert Beaven,Canadian politician (b.1836)
• September 24–Peter Carl Fabergé,Russian jeweler (b.1846)
• September 25–Jacob Schiff,German-born banker, philanthropist (b.1847)
• September 30–Sir William Wilfred Sullivan,Canadian journalist, politician and jurist (b.1843)

October

• October 2
  • Max Bruch,German composer (b.1838)
  • Winthrop M. Crane,Governor of Massachusetts and Senator (b.1853)
• October 5–William Heinemann,English publisher (b.1863)
• October 7–Yves Delage,French zoologist (b.1854)
• October 10–Hudson Stuck,English mountaineer (b.1865)
• October 17
  • Reginald Farrer,English botanist (b.1880)
  • John Reed,American journalist (b.1887)
• October 24–Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia(b.1853)
• October 25–Alexander of Greece,Greek king (b.1893)
• October 27–Agda Montelius,Swedish feminist (b.1850)

November

Kevin Barry

• November 1–Kevin Barry,Irish republican paramilitary (executed) (b.1902)
• November 2
  • James Daly,Irishmutineer(executed)
  • Louise Imogen Guiney,American poet and essayist (b.1861)
• November 3–Warren Terhune,United States NavyCommanderand 13thGovernor of American Samoa(b.1869)
• November 4–Ludwig Struve,Russian astronomer (b.1858)
• November 21–Michael Hogan,Irishfootballerand activist, one of 14 civilians killed in theCroke Park massacreby British paramilitary forces (b.1896)
• November 23–Sir George Callaghan,British admiral (b.1852)
• November 25
  • Gaston Chevrolet,Swiss-born racing driver and manufacturer (b.1892)
  • Madeline McDowell Breckinridge,American leader of the women's suffrage movement, one of Kentucky's leading progressive reformers (b.1872)
• November 27–Alexius Meinong,Austrian philosopher (b.1853)
• November 30–Eugene W. Chafin,American politician (b.1852)

December

• December 11–Olive Schreiner,South African writer (b.1855)
• December 12–Edward Gawler Prior,Canadian mining engineer and politician (b.1854)
• December 14–George Gipp,American football player (b.1895)
• December 23–Cayetano Arellano,first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines under the American Civil Government (b.1847)
• Unknown date–Nikolai Pavlovich Bobyr,Russian general (executed) (b.1854)

Date unknown

• Alimuddin Ahmad,Bengali revolutionary and activist (b.1884)
• Vladimir Viktorovich Sakharov,Russian general (executed) (b.1853)

Nobel Prizes

• Physics–Charles Édouard Guillaume
• Chemistry–Walther Nernst
• Medicine–Schack August Steenberg Krogh
• Literature–Knut Hamsun
• Peace–Léon Victor Auguste Bourgeois

References

Primary sources and year books

• New International Year Book 1920(1921),Comprehensive coverage of world and national affairs, 844 pp