1942

This article is about the year 1942. For other uses, see1942 (disambiguation).

1942

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	19th century 20th century 21st century
Decades:	1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s
Years:	1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945

1942 in variouscalendars

Gregorian calendar	1942 MCMXLII
Ab urbe condita	2695
Armenian calendar	1391 ԹՎ ՌՅՂԱ
Assyrian calendar	6692
Baháʼí calendar	98–99
Balinese saka calendar	1863–1864
Bengali calendar	1349
Berber calendar	2892
British Regnal year	6Geo. 6– 7Geo. 6
Buddhist calendar	2486
Burmese calendar	1304
Byzantine calendar	7450–7451
Chinese calendar	Tân tịNăm (MetalSnake) 4639 or 4432 — to — Nhâm ngọ năm (WaterHorse) 4640 or 4433
Coptic calendar	1658–1659
Discordian calendar	3108
Ethiopian calendar	1934–1935
Hebrew calendar	5702–5703
Hindu calendars
-Vikram Samvat	1998–1999
-Shaka Samvat	1863–1864
-Kali Yuga	5042–5043
Holocene calendar	11942
Igbo calendar	942–943
Iranian calendar	1320–1321
Islamic calendar	1360–1361
Japanese calendar	Shōwa17 ( chiêu cùng １７ năm )
Javanese calendar	1872–1873
Juche calendar	31
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar	4275
Minguo calendar	ROC31 Dân quốc 31 năm
Nanakshahi calendar	474
Thai solar calendar	2485
Tibetan calendar	Âm kim xà năm (female Iron-Snake) 2068 or 1687 or 915 — to — Dương thủy mã năm (male Water-Horse) 2069 or 1688 or 916

1942(MCMXLII) was acommon year starting on Thursdayof theGregorian calendar,the 1942nd year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 942nd year of the2nd millennium,the 42nd year of the20th century,and the 3rd year of the1940sdecade.

TheUppsala Conflict Data Programproject estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 4.62 million. However, theCorrelates of Warestimates that the prior year,1941,was the deadliest such year. Death toll estimates for both 1941 and 1942 range from 2.28 to 7.71 million each.

Events

Below, the events ofWorld War IIhave the "WWII" prefix.

Map of Europe at the height of German control in 1942, Britain remains the only country in Western Europe held by Allied forces

January

Main article:January 1942

• January 1– WWII: TheDeclaration by United Nationsis signed by China, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and 22 other nations, in which they agree "not to make any separate peace with theAxis powers".
• January 5– WWII: Two prisoners, British officerAirey Neaveand Dutch officerAnthony Luteyn,escape fromColditz CastleinGermany.After travelling for three days, they reach the Swiss border.
• January 7– WWII:
  • Battle of Slim River:Japanese forces of the5th Division,supported by tanks, sweep through sixteen miles of British defenses, shattering the exhausted11th Indian Divisionand inflicting some 3,000 casualties.
  • Operation Typhoon,the German attempt to take Moscow, ends in failure.
• January 11– WWII:
  • Dutch East Indies campaign:Japan declares war on theNetherlandsand theDutch East Indies.Japanese forces invadeBorneoandCelebes.
  • Malayan Campaign:The JapanesecaptureKuala Lumpur,the capital of theFederated Malay States.
• January 13
  • Heinkeltest pilot Helmut Schenk becomes the first person to escape from a stricken aircraft with anejection seat.
  • Henry Fordpatents a plastic automobile that would be 30% lighter than a conventional car.
• January 14
  • WWII: "Second Happy Time",the German submarine commanders' name forOperation PP(Operation Drumbeat), the phase in theBattle of the Atlanticduring which German submarines are successful in attacking Allied shipping along theEast Coast of the United States,opens early this morning whenGerman submarineU-123under the command ofReinhard Hardegensinks a Norwegian tanker within sight ofLong Island,before enteringNew York Harborand sinking a British tanker offSandy Hookthe following night, as she leaves heading south along the coast. U-boat successes continue until around June 12.
  • TheSikorsky R-4first flies in the United States; it will become the first mass-producedhelicopter.
• January 16– American film actressCarole Lombardand her mother are among all 22 killed aboardTWA Flight 3when theDouglas DC-3plane crashes intoPotosi MountainnearLas Vegaswhile she is returning from a tour to promote the sale of war bonds.
• January 17– WWII: South African forces of the British8th Armyconquer theHalfaya Pass( "Hellfire Pass" ). The Halfaya garrison of 4,200 men of the Italian55th Division "Savona"and 2,100 Germans surrender.
• January 19– WWII:
  • Japanese forces invadeBurma.
  • The following Commands of the United StatesEighth Air Forceare established: VIII Bomber Command initially atLangley Fieldin Virginia, andVIII Fighter CommandatSelfridge Fieldin Michigan.
• January 20–The Holocaust:Nazisat theWannsee Conferenceconvened byReinhard Heydrichin Berlin decide that the "Final Solution(Endlösung) to the Jewish problem "is deportations to extermination camps.
• January 21– WWII:Erwin Rommellaunches his new offensive inCyrenaica.
• January 23– WWII: TheBattle of Rabaulbegins. Before dawn, 5,000 troops of Japan's eliteSouth Seas Detachmentstorm ashore atRabaulon the island ofNew Britain.With control of the air and support from the guns of their own ships, the Japanese overwhelm the small Australian garrison: the majority are either killed or captured. This marks the start of theNew Guinea campaign.
• January 25– WWII:
  • German forces under Erwin Rommel ofPanzer Group AfrikareachesMsus.GeneralAlfred Godwin-Austinorders the4th Indian Divisionfrom the British13th Corpsto evacuateBenghazi.
  • Thailanddeclares war on the United States and the United Kingdom.
• January 26– WWII: The first American forces arrive in Europe, landing inNorthern Ireland.
• January 31– WWII:Malayan Campaign:The last organized Allied forces leaveBritish Malaya,ending the 54-day campaign, and theJohor–Singapore Causewayis severed.

February

Main article:February 1942

• February 1
  • WWII:Marshalls–Gilberts raids:AdmiralWilliam Halsey Jrsends airstrikes from the carrierUSSEnterpriseagainstKwajalein,Taroa,Wotjein theMarshall Islands.At the same time, cruisers and destroyers bombard Taroa and Wotje. The strikes inflict light to moderate damage on the three islands' naval garrisons, sink three warships and damage several others, including the light cruiserKatoriand damage 15 Japanese aircraft. Further south, the carrierUSSYorktownattacksJaluit,MiliandMakinin theGilbert Islands.They inflict moderate damage to the Japanese naval installations and destroy three aircraft.
  • WWII: TheKriegsmarineintroduces theM4 (German Navy 4-rotor)Enigma machineforU-boattraffic, blinding Alliedcryptanalyststo their radio signals for most of the year.
  • WWII: The Command staff of the United StatesEighth Air Forcereaches England.
  • Mao Zedongmakes a speech on "Reform in Learning, the Party and Literature", starting theYan'an Rectification Movementin theChinese Communist Party.
• February 3– WWII: Rommel suspends his offensive in Cyrenaica.
• February 7–United States Maritime Commissionfleet operations are transferred to theWar Shipping Administration(lasting untilSeptember 1,1946).
• February 8
  • WWII:Battle of Singapore:Japanese forces of the5th Divisionand18th Division(some 23,000 men) begin to cross theJohor Straitand attack the Australian22nd Brigade(some 3,000 men) atSingapore.
  • WWII:Daylight saving timegoes into effect in the United States.
  • WWII: Top United States military leaders hold their first formal meeting to discuss American military strategy in the war.
  • António Óscar Carmonais elected president of Portugal.
• February 9– Theocean linerSSNormandiecatches fire while being converted into the troopship USSLafayette(AP-53) for WWII at Pier 88 in New York City; she capsizes early the following morning.
• February 11–13– WWII:Operation Cerberus:AKriegsmarine(German navy) squadron comprising theScharnhorstandGneisenau,heavy cruiserPrinz Eugenand their escort, dash fromBrestthrough theEnglish Channelto German ports; the British fail to sink any of them.
• February 14–18– WWII:Battle of Bilin River:Indian forces of the17th Divisionunder GeneralJohn Snythare ordered to halt the Japanese advance but are outflanked and retreat to theSittang River.
• February 14– WWII:
  • Battle of Palembang:Japanese paratroopers (240 men) are dropped nearPalembang,and capture the oil refinery complex undamaged. Dutch forces counter-attack and manage to retake the complex but take heavy losses. A planned demolition fails to do any serious damage to the refinery, but the oil stores are set ablaze.
  • TheSSVyner Brooke,Scottish steamship, is bombed and sunk by Japanese planes while evacuating nurses and wounded servicemen from Singapore. Rescue boats with many survivors reachBangka Island.
• February 15– WWII:Fall of Singapore:Commonwealth forces under GeneralArthur Percivalsurrender to the Japanese25th Army.About 80,000 British, Indian, Australian, and local troops become prisoners of war, joining the 50,000 soldiers taken in theMalayan campaign.
• February 16– WWII:Bangka Island Massacre:Japanese soldiersmachine-gun22Australian Army nursesand 60 Australian and British soldiers and crew who have survived the sinking of SSVyner Brooke.
• February 18– WWII:
  • Japanese occupation of Singapore:Sook Ching– Japanese forces begin the systematic extermination of perceived hostile elements amongChinese Singaporeans.
  • More than 200 American sailors die inNewfoundlandwhenUSSTruxtunruns aground near Chambers Cove andUSSPolluxruns aground at Lawn Point.
• February 19– WWII:
  • Bombing of Darwin:The Japanese1st Air Fleetunder AdmiralChūichi NagumobombsDarwin,Australia. This force comprises the aircraft carriersAkagi,Kaga,HiryūandSōryūand a powerful force of escorting surface ships. During the attack, 188 planes led byMitsuo Fuchidadestroy 11 vessels and wreck a lot of the harbor infrastructure, killing some 240 people.
  • A returning Japanese fighter plane crashes onMelville Island (Australia)and its pilot,Hajime Toyoshima,becomes the first Japanese captured on Australian soil, whenindigenous residentMatthias Ulunguratakes him prisoner.
  • PresidentFranklin D. RooseveltsignsExecutive Order 9066,allowing the United States military to define areas as exclusionary zones. These zones affect theJapaneseon the West Coast, andGermansandItaliansprimarily on the East Coast.
• February 19–23– WWII:Battle of Sittang Bridge:Indian forces of the 17th Division are ordered to defend the Sittang Bridge, but eventually blow up the bridge to halt the Japanese advance toRangoon.Survivors of the 17th Division (some 3.500 soldiers) swim and ferry themselves over the Sittang River.
• February 20– LieutenantEdward O'Harebecomes America's first U.S. Navyflying aceof the war.
• February 21– WWII:Invasion of Sumatra:Japanese forces of the38th Divisionunder GeneralTadayoshi SanocaptureTanjungkarangairfield, which is put to work for air operations againstJava.
• February 22– WWII: GeneralGeorge Marshalltransmits a direct order toGeneral MacArthurinPresident Roosevelt's name, ordering MacArthur himself to turn over command of thePhilippinesto a subordinate, and report to Australia to assume command of the large American force being built up there. The orders are worded to allow MacArthur to choose the exact moment of hisdeparture;for various reasons, he will not leave until March 11.
• February 23– WWII:I-17fires 17 high-explosive shells toward anoil refinerynearSanta Barbara, California,causing little damage.
• February 24
  • Strumadisaster:MVStruma,carrying Jewish refugees from Axis-allied Romania to British-administered Palestine, is torpedoed and sunk byShch-213,killing about 791 men, women, and children, with only 1 survivor.
  • Propaganda:TheVoice of Americabegins broadcasting.
  • Internment of Japanese Canadiansis ordered.
• February 25– "Battle of Los Angeles":Over 1,400 AA shells are fired at an unidentified, slow-moving object (probably a meteorological balloon) in the skies over Los Angeles. The appearance of the object triggers an immediate wartime blackout over most ofSouthern California,with thousands of air raid wardens being deployed throughout the city. At least 5 deaths are related to the incident. Despite the several-hour barrages no planes are downed.
• February 26– The14th Academy Awardsceremony is held in Los Angeles;How Green Was My ValleywinsBest Picture.
• February 27– WWII:
  • Battle of the Java Sea:An allied (ABDA) task force of 14 vessels underDutchcommand, trying to stem a Japanese invasion of theDutch East Indies,is defeated by a 19-vessel Japanese task force in theJava Sea;2.300 sailors die, including the commander, AdmiralKarel Doorman;Japanese attain naval hegemony in East-Asia.
  • TheUSSLangley,first aircraft carrier of theUnited States Navy,is attacked by 9 Japanese bombers while ferrying a cargo of USAAFP-40fighters to Java.Langleyis so badly damaged that she has to bescuttledto avoid falling into Japanese hands.

March

Main article:March 1942

• March 1– WWII: Japanese forces of the2nd Divisionland inPort of Merakon westernJavawith the intention to advance onBatavia.
• March 4– WWII:Operation K:The Japanese launch an unsuccessful attack carried out by twoKawanishi H8K( "Emily" ) flying boats atPearl Harbor.This is the longest distance ever undertaken by a two-plane bombing mission, and one of the longest bombing sorties ever planned without fighter escort.
• March 5– WWII: Japanese forces of the16th Armyunder GeneralHitoshi Imamuraenter triumphantly the Dutch colonial capital of Batavia without opposition.
• March 6– WWII:Yugoslav Partisans,operating inNazi-occupied Serbia,assassinate Đorđe Kosmajac inBelgrade.
• March 8–13–Invasion of Salamaua–Lae:Japanese forces invade and occupy theSalamaua–Laearea in theTerritory of New Guineato establish an air base for the support of further operations in the region. A small Australian garrison (some 200 men) in the area withdraws toWauafter executing demolition operations to prevent the use of their facilities for the invaders. In response to the Japanese landings,Task Force 17with aircraft carriersLe xing tonandYorktownled by AdmiralWilson Brown,attacks the invading naval forces and destroys three transports, and damages the cruiserYūbariand several other ships.
• March 8– WWII: Japanese forces of the33rd Divisionunder GeneralShōzō SakuraicaptureRangoon.The Allies manage to escape and try to make a stand in centralBurma.
• March 9– WWII:
  • Executive order9082 (February 28, 1942) comes into effect, reorganizing the United States Army into three major commands:Army Ground Forces,Army Air Forces,andServices of Supply,later redesignatedArmy Service Forces,withHenry H. Arnoldas Commanding General of theUnited States Army Air Forces.
  • The Dutch Commander-in-Chief of the Allied forces on Java, GeneralTer Poorten,surrenders to the Japanese. Ter Poorten's surrender announcement is made without consulting the commanders of the British and US forces, who want to continue the war.
• March 11– WWII:Douglas MacArthur's escape from the Philippines– U.S. GeneralDouglas MacArthur,his family and key members of his staff are evacuated byPT boat,under cover of evening darkness, fromCorregidorin thePhilippines.Command of U.S. forces in the Philippines passes toMajor General Jonathan M. Wainwright.
• March 12– WWII: American troops land atNouméaonNew Caledoniato build a base and garrison the island. This landing includes the firstSeabeesthat are out on active service. The Seabees are Naval Construction battalions, and their name comes from the C and B in construction battalion.
• March 15– WWII:Dünamünde Action:1,900 central European Jews are shot dead north east ofRiga,1,840 are killed on the 26th.
• March 16– WWII: New Zealand and Australia declare war onThailand.
• March 17–The Holocaust:Operation Reinhard– TheNazi GermanBełżec extermination campopens inoccupied Poland,about 1 km south of the railroad station atBełżecin theLublindistrict of theGeneral Government.At least 434,508 people are killed here up to December 1942.
• March 18–Franklin D. Roosevelt,President of the United States, signsExecutive Order 9102,creating theWar Relocation Authority(WRA), which becomes responsible for the internment of Americans of Japanese and, to a lesser extent, German and Italian descent, many of them legal citizens.
• March 19–30– WWII:Battle of Toungoo:Chinese forces under GeneralDai Anlanset up a perimeter aroundTaungoo.The Japanese55th Divisionbombards the positions on the west bank of theSittaung Riverwith artillery. The Japanese56th Divisionlinks up with the 55th and crosses the river. Taungoo is surrounded and finally taken, while the remnants of the Chinese200th Divisionwithdraws to new defensive positions atYedashe.
• March 20– WWII: After being forced to flee the Philippines, U.S. GeneralDouglas MacArthurannounces (inTerowie, South Australia), "I came through and I shall return."
• March 22– WWII:Second Battle of Sirte:Escorting warships of a British convoy toMaltaward off a much more powerfulRegia Marina(Italian Navy) squadron, north of theGulf of Sirte.
• March 23– WWII: The Germans burn down the Ukrainian village of Yelino (Koriukivka Raion), killing 296 civilians.
• March 24– The evacuation of Polish nationals from the Soviet Union begins. It is conducted in two phases: until April 5; and between August 10 and 30, 1942, by sea from Krasnovodsk to Pahlavi (Anzali), and (to a lesser extent) overland from Ashkabad to Mashhad. In all, 115,000 people are evacuated, 37,000 of them civilians, 18,000 children (7% of the number of Polish citizens originally exiled to the Soviet Union).
• March 25–26– The Holocaust:First mass transport of Jews to Auschwitz concentration camp,997 women and girls fromPopradtransit camp in theSlovak Republic.
• March 28– WWII:
  • St Nazaire Raid(Operation Chariot) – British Commandos raidSaint-Nazaireon the coast of Western France, to put its dockyard facilities out of action.
  • Bombing of Lübeck in World War II:St. Mary's Church, Lübeckis destroyed by an Allied bombing raid.
• March 29– WWII: Following a coup d'état, the Free Republic of Nias is proclaimed by a group of freed Nazi German prisoners in the Indonesian island ofNias;the republic exists for less than a month until the island is fully occupied by Japanese troops.
• March 31– WWII:Battle of Christmas Island– Japanese troops occupyChristmas Islandwithout resistance, following a mutiny byBritish Indian Armytroops against their British officers.

April

Main article:April 1942

• April
  • The Holocaust:theNazi Germanextermination campSobibóropens inoccupied Poland,on the outskirts of the town ofSobibór.Between April 1942 and October 1943, at least 160,000 people are killed here.
  • 77Uzbekprisoners of war held atAmersfoort concentration campin the occupied Netherlands are shot by Nazi German guards, 24 of their compatriots having previously died there as a result of forced starvation.
• April 3– WWII: Japanese forces begin the last phase of theBattle of Bataan,an all-out assault on the United States andFilipinotroops on theBataan Peninsula.
• April 5– WWII:Easter Sunday Raid– Aircraft of theImperial Japanese NavyattackColombo,Ceylon(Sri Lanka).Royal NavycruisersHMSCornwallandHMSDorsetshireare sunk southwest of the island.
• April 9– WWII:
  • Battle of Bataan:TheBataanPeninsula falls, American and Filipino forces (some 75,000 soldiers) surrender to the Japanese14th Armyunder GeneralMasaharu Homma.
  • Bataan Death March:American and Filipino prisoners of war are forced to march fromSan FernandotoCapas(some 65 miles). During the march some 15,000 soldiers are killed by severephysical abuseand wanton killings.
  • The Japanese Navy launches an air raid onTrincomaleein Ceylon (Sri Lanka); the Royal Navy aircraft carrierHMSHermes(95)andRoyal Australian NavydestroyerHMASVampireare sunk off the country's east coast.
• April 10–The Holocaust:Construction of theNazi Germanextermination campTreblinka IIcommences inoccupied Polandnear the village ofTreblinka.Between July 23, 1942, and October 1943, around 850,000 people are killed here,more than 800,000 of whom are Jews.
• April 13
  • WWII: Japanese forces of the56th Divisionunder GeneralMasao Watanabecross theSittang Riverand defeat the Chinese 6th Corps in theKaren Hillsarea battles ofMawchi.
  • The United StatesFederal Communications Commission's minimum programming time required of television stations is cut from 15 hours to 4 hours a week during the war.
• April 14
  • WWII: British submarineHMSUpholderis probably sunk by Axis forces in the Mediterranean.
  • WWII:German submarineU-85is sunk byUSSRoperoffNorth Carolina.
• April 15– WWII:Award of the George Cross to Malta:KingGeorge VIawards theGeorge Crossto the island ofMaltato mark theSiege of Malta,saying, "To honor her brave people I award the George Cross to the Island Fortress of Malta, to bear witness to a heroism and a devotion that will long be famous in history" (from January 1 to July 24, there is only one 24-hour period during which no bombs fall on this tiny island).
• April 17– WWII:Henri Giraud,French general captured in 1940, escapes fromKönigstein FortressnearDresden.He lowers himself down the cliffside fortress with a 50-meter 'rope' he made with odds and ends smuggled in to him. After traveling for three days, Giraud safely reaches the Swiss border.
• April 18– WWII:Doolittle Raid:Lieutenant ColonelJames "Jimmy" Doolittleleads a bombing mission againstJapan,along with 79 airmen of the US. Air force, flying 16B-25 Mitchellland-based bombers. They take off from theUSSHornetin thePacific Ocean,some 700 miles (1,126 km) east ofTokyo.Thirteen of the B-25 bombers fly over Tokyo and drop their bombs on oil storage facilities, factories and military targets. The other three B-25s drop their bombs overYokohama,NagoyaandKobe.All but one of the B-25s run out of fuel before reaching friendly forces in westernChinaand are forced to land in Japanese-occupied China. With the support of Chinese farmers, 71 airmen reach free China. Eight airmen are captured by the Japanese – who execute four of them in retaliation for the raid.
• April 20– WWII:Operation Calendar:The American aircraft carrierUSSWasp,escorted by the British battlecruiserHMSRenown,two cruisers and six destroyers, brings 47 planes (Spitfires) toMalta.They are successfully delivered – but 30 of them are immediately destroyed on the ground by German bombers. Within 48 hours all planes are destroyed.
• April 23
  • WWII:Exeterbecomes the first historic English city bombed as part of theBaedeker Blitz,in retaliation for the Britishbombing of Lübeck.
  • Exeter-bornWilliam Templeis enthroned asArchbishop of Canterbury.
• April 25–Princess Elizabethregisters for war service in the U.K.
• April 26
  • WWII: TheReichstagmeets for the last time, dissolving itself and proclaimingAdolf Hitlerthe "Supreme Judge of the German People", granting him the power of life and death over every German citizen.
  • A gas and coal dust explosion atBenxihu CollieryinManchukuokills as many as 1,549 workers, the world's all-time worst mining disaster.
• April 27
  • WWII: Anational plebisciteis held in Canada on the issue ofconscription.
  • The JewishStar of Davidis required wearing for all Jews in the Netherlands and Belgium; Jews in other Nazi-controlled countries have already been wearing it.
• April 29– WWII:
  • Burma campaign:Japanese forces of the15 Armyunder GeneralShōjirō IidacaptureLashio.The allies are in full retreat.
  • An explosion at a chemical factory inTessenderlo,Belgium leaves 200 dead and 1,000 injured.

May

Main article:May 1942

• May–Operation Pluto:The plan to construct oil pipelines under theEnglish Channel,between England and France, is tested in theRiver Medway.
• May 3–4– WWII:Tulagi is invadedby Japanese forces in theBritish Solomon Islandsof the South Pacific, as part ofOperation Mo.
• May 5– WWII:Battle of Madagascar(Operation Ironclad) begins when British forces land on theVichy Frenchcolony ofMadagascar.On May 7 the northern city ofDiego Suarezsurrenders.
• May 7– WWII: OnCorregidor,the last American andFilipinoforces in thePhilippinesunder command of 2LT Robert L. Obourn (92nd Coast Artillery Regiment,G Battery) fromFort Mills,surrender to the Japanese as directed by Lt. Gen.Jonathan M. Wainwright,the overall commander.
• May 8– WWII:
  • TheBattle of the Kerch Peninsula:The German11th Armywith Romanian forces launchesUnternehmen Trappenjagd(Operation Bustard Hunt) and destroys thebridgeheadof the three Soviet Armies (44th, 47th, and 51st) defending theKerch Peninsulain the eastern part of theCrimean Front.The battle ends in an Axis victory.
  • TheBattle of the Coral Seabetween Japanese and American/Australian fleets, the first battle in naval history where the opponents fight without seeing each other's fleets. The Japanese achieve a tactical victory in terms of tonnage lost (including aircraft carrierUSSLe xing ton) but are prevented from invadingPort Moresby.
• May 8–9– WWII: At night, gunners of theCeylon Garrison ArtilleryonHorsburgh Islandin theCocos Islandsrevolt. The mutiny is crushed, and 3 soldiers are executed (the only British Commonwealth soldiers to be executed for mutiny).
• May 9– WWII:Operation Bowery:Aircraft carriersUSSWaspandHMSEaglebring 61 Spitfires to Malta ("Club Runs"). The fighter aircraft are desperately needed to bolster the island's defense against GermanLuftwaffeair raids.
• May 12– WWII:
  • Second Battle of Kharkov:In the easternUkraine,theSovietArmy initiates a major offensive to capture the city ofKharkovfrom the German Army, only to be encircled and destroyed.
  • Japanese minelayerOkinoshimais sunk by American submarineUSSS-42.
• May 15– WWII: In the United States, a bill creating theWomen's Auxiliary Army Corps(WAAC) is signed into law.
• May 20– The first African-American seamen are taken into theUnited States Navy.
• May 21– WWII: Mexico declares war againstNazi Germany,after the sinking of the Mexican tankerFaja de OrobyGerman submarineU-160offKey West.
• May 23– WWII: German forces of the6th Armyunder GeneralFriedrich Paulusand the1st Panzer Armyled by GeneralEwald von Kleistmeet up atBalakleya,southeast of Kharkov, and encircle most of the Soviet 6th and 9th armies, capturing a 250,000-strong Soviet force inside the pocket.
• May 26– WWII:
  • Battle of Gazala:German forces ofPanzer Army Africaled by General Erwin Rommel launch a frontal attack on the centralGazalapositions. During the day, the bulk of Rommel's forces move forward, giving the British the impression that this is the main Axis assault. When night falls, the armoured formations turn south in a sweeping move around the southern end of the Gazala line.
  • Battle of Bir Hakeim:The Free French and British troops slow the German advance in North Africa.
  • TheAnglo-Soviet Treaty of 1942,to help establish a military and political alliance between theUSSRand theBritish Empire,is signed in London by foreign SecretaryAnthony Edenand Soviet foreign ministerVyacheslav Molotov.
• May 27– WWII:Operation Anthropoid:Czech paratroopers attempt to assassinateReinhard Heydrich,actingReichsprotektorof the NaziProtectorate of Bohemia and Moravia,inPrague,and succeed in wounding him.
• May 29–Thai spelling reform of 1942is initiated by the government of Prime Minister Field MarshalPlaek Phibunsongkhramwith his office announcing a simplification of the Thai Alpha bet. The announcement is published in the Royal Gazette on June 1. The reform is canceled by the government ofKhuang Aphaiwongon August 2, 1944.
• May 30–31– WWII:Bombing of Cologne– BritishRAF Bomber Command's "Operation Millennium", its first "1,000 bomber raid", with associated fires make 13,000 families homeless and kills around 475 people, mostly civilians; 3,330 non-residential buildings are destroyed.
• May 31–June 1– WWII:Attack on Sydney Harbour:Japanesemidget submarinesinfiltrate Sydney Harbour in Australia, in an attempt to attack Allied warships.

June

Main article:June 1942

June 4:Japanese aircraft carrierHiryūunder attack by US aircraft at theBattle of Midway

• June 1
  • WWII: Mexico declares war on Germany, Italy and Japan.
  • TheGrand Coulee Damis finished on theColumbia Riverin the United States.
• June 3–4– WWII: TheAleutian Islands campaignopens with theBattle of Dutch Harbor,Japanese Navy aircraft carrier raids on theDutch Harbor Naval Operating Base and Fort Mears, U.S. ArmyatDutch HarboronAmaknak Islandin theAleutian Islands,in the United States Territory of Alaska.
• June 4– WWII:Reinhard Heydrichsuccumbs to wounds sustained onMay 27,from Czechoslovakian paratroopers acting inOperation Anthropoid.
• June 4–7– WWII:Battle of Midway:An American naval victory halts the Japanese advance in the Pacific.
• June 5– WWII: TheUnited Statesdeclares war onBulgaria,HungaryandRomania.
• June 6– WWII: Aleutian Islands campaign:Japanese occupation of Kiska.
• June 7– WWII:
  • Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942):German forces of the11th Armyunder GeneralErich von Mansteinbegin renowned infantry attacks against the fortress city ofSevastopol.The Germans advance cautiously behind air and artillery support. Manstein has enough firepower to destroy the Soviet fortifications: some 1,300 guns and Heavy Artillery Battalion 833 (including a Karl-Batterie with three howitzers of 54 cm nicknamed "Thor", "Odin" and "Loki" ). Firing in support, the German 80 cmSchwerer Gustavrailway gun fires seven shells.
  • Aleutian Islands campaign:Japanese occupation of Kiska.
• June 8– WWII:Attack on Sydney Harbour:The Australian cities of Sydney andNewcastleare shelled by Japanese submarines. The eastern suburbs of both cities are damaged, and the east coast is blacked out.
• June 10– WWII:
  • Free French forces (some 2,700 men) evacuate Bir Hakeim and escape through a minefield, where they are picked up by British patrols of the7th Armoured Division.
  • Lidice massacre:Units of the NaziOrdnungspolizeiandSicherheitsdienstshoot all 173 male residents of the Czech village ofLidicein retaliation for the killing ofReinhard Heydrich.Of 503 inhabitants, a total of around 340 are killed, including 82 children deported toChełmno extermination camp,and the remainder are removed. All domestic animals are killed and graves despoiled, the village is burned, remains blown up and the site landscaped out of existence; Nazi propaganda (which is open about the event) states "The name of the village was immediately abolished."
• June 11– WWII: German forces of the15th Panzer Divisiontogether with the90th Light DivisionreachEl Adem.Panzer Army Africa captures the area around El Adem, and the29th Indian Brigade,which has defended El Adem is almost wiped out by the Germans.
• June 12–The Holocaust:On her 13th birthday,Anne Frankreceives the book that she will use to keep herdiaryin occupiedAmsterdam.
• June 12–15– WWII:Operation Harpoon:An Allied convoy under AdmiralAlban Curteisleaves fromGibraltarwith 6 merchant ships escorted by the British battleshipHMSMalaya,aircraft carriersHMSArgusandHMSEagle,4 cruisers and 17 destroyers toMalta.Two of the six merchant ships completes the journey, at the cost of several Allied warships.
• June 13– WWII:
  • German forces of the21st Panzer Divisionadvance from the west and attack the British tanks of the22nd Armoured Brigade.Erwin Rommel demonstrates superiority in tactics, compressing the British armoured forces between two Panzer Divisions of the Panzer Army Africa and the ItalianArieteandTriesteDivisions. By the end of the day, the British tank strength is reduced from 300 tanks to about 70. Rommel establishes armour superiority and surrounds the "Knightsbridge" positions. Due to the many losses, this defeat becomes known as "Black Saturday" to theEighth Army.
  • German scientists underErnst SteinhoffatPeenemünde Army Research Centertests a 12-ton rocket (known later as theV-2 rocket) with a one-ton warhead.
  • The United States opens itsOffice of War Information,apropagandacenter.
• June 14– WWII: The British Eighth Army under GeneralNeil Ritchieis forced with two divisions to withdraw from the Gazala Line. The defenders of El-Adem and two neighbouring boxes hold out against the Germans. The South African1st Divisionretreats along the coast road, practically intact. GeneralClaude Auchinleckorders Ritchie to hold the line south-east fromAcroma(west ofTobruk) through El-Adem to Bir El Gubi.
• June 15– WWII: Erwin Rommel sends German forces from the 21st Panzer Division and 90th Light Division to attack the defensive boxes at El-Adem and Sidi Rezegh. In the evening, Point 650 box at El-Adem is overrun.
• June 17–21– WWII:Siege of Tobruk:German forces of Panzer Army Africa led by Erwin Rommel attack Tobruk with massed air support. On June 21, they penetrate a weak spot on the eastern defensive perimeter, capturing the port and 33,000 prisoners.
• June 18– WWII: The SS surrounds the church in Prague whereJan KubišandJozef Gabčík,the assassins ofReinhard Heydrich,are hiding. Kubiš is fatally wounded in the ensuing shootout, and Gabčík commits suicide to avoid capture.
• June 21– WWII: Japanese submarineI-25surfaces off the USPacific Coastandbombards Fort Stevensat the mouth of theColumbia River.The fort itself is not damaged, though a nearbybaseballfield is destroyed.
• June 23– WWII:
  • Erwin Rommel arrives inBardiaand gives the 90th Light Division orders to attack eastwards. The British 8th Army withdraws toMersa Matruh,where the Indian10th Division,elements of the Indian5th Divisionand the British50th Divisiontake up positions.
  • The experimental early-type nuclear reactor L-IV hasan accident,becoming the first nuclear accident in history and consisting of a steam explosion and reactor fire inLeipzig.
• June 26–29– WWII:Battle of Mersa Matruh:German forces of the Panzer Army Africa under Erwin Rommel pursues the Eighth Army as it retreats into Egypt. On June 28, the fortress port of Mersa Matruh and more than 6,000 prisoners are captured, along with plenty of supplies and equipment.
• June 27– WWII: AlliedConvoy PQ 17sails fromIceland,with 35 merchant ships and 3 passenger ships that have been refitted for rescuing the crews of torpedoed ships. There are also one tanker, 6 destroyers and 13 smaller ships for close escort. The convoy is destined for the Soviet port ofArchangelsk.
• June 28– WWII:Operation Blue:German forces ofArmy Group Southunder GeneralfeldmarshallFedor von Bockdrive toStalingradand theBakuoil fields. Spearheads of the4th Panzer Armyunder GeneralHermann Hothdrive towardsVoronezh,advancing nearly 50 km on day one. They crossed two rivers and cut the link one between the Soviet 13th and 40th armies.
• June 30– WWII:
  • German forces of the 11th Army under General Erich von Manstein take Sevastopol, although fighting rages until July 4. The city is evacuated by the Soviets, some 90,000 prisoners are taken and von Manstein is promoted to Field Marshal.
  • German forces of Panzer Army Africa under Erwin Rommel approach theAlameinpositions, only 106 km fromAlexandria.The Axis forces are exhausted and Rommel has supply problems, because theRAFattacks his supply lines.

July

Main article:July 1942

• July –The Holocaust:Inmates ofWesterbork transit campin the occupiedNetherlandsbegin to be shipped to Naziextermination camps.From now until 1944 around 107,000, mostly Jewish, from here will be killed.
• July 1–27– WWII:First Battle of El Alamein:British forces prevent a second advance by Axis forces into Egypt. The 15th and 21st Panzer Divisions are halted and Erwin Rommel orders his forces to regroup. The panzer strength of the GermanAfrika Korpshas been reduced to only 26 vehicles.
• July 3– WWII:Guadalcanal,occupied only by aborigines, falls to the Japanese Naval construction force deployed to construct an airfield on the island.
• July 4– WWII in theEuropean Theater of Operations:
  • Twenty-four ships are sunk by German bombers and submarines afterConvoy PQ 17to the Soviet Union is scattered in the Arctic Ocean to evade theGerman battleshipTirpitz.
  • The United StatesEighth Air Forceinauspiciously flies its first mission in Europe, using borrowed British planes, and bombs targets in the Netherlands, such as De Kooy Airfield, attached to theDen HelderNaval Base. Three of six aircraft return;For this mission, Captain Charles C. Kegelman is the first member of the Force to be awarded the U.S.Distinguished Flying Cross.
• July 5– German forces of the 4th Panzer Army under General Hermann Hoth reach theDon Rivernear Voronezh and become embroiled in thebattle to capture the city.
• July 6–The Holocaust:Anne Frank's family goes into hiding in an attic above her father's office in anAmsterdamwarehouse.
• July 7– German forces of the 4th Panzer Army reach the outskirts of Voronezh, but the Soviet army mounts a successful counterattack that ties up Hoth's forces for days.
• July 8– Turkish prime ministerRefik Saydamdies while working in the office. For one day he is succeeded byAhmet Fikri Tüzer.
• July 9–Şükrü Saracoğluforms the new (13th) government inTurkey.
• July 13– WWII:U-boatssink three merchant ships in theGulf of St. Lawrence.
• July 14– WWII:
  • Bastille DayGaullistdemonstrations inVichy France;2 women are shot dead by members of the fascistFrench Popular Party(PPF) inMarseille.
  • Germany introduces theOstvolk Medalfor Soviet personnel in theWehrmacht.
• July 16
  • The Holocaust:By order of theVichy Francegovernment headed byPierre Laval,French police officers round-up 13,000–20,000 Jews and imprison them in theWinter Velodrome.
  • Georges Béguéand others escape from theMauzacprison camp.
• July 18– WWII: The Germans test fly theMesserschmitt Me 262(using only itsjet engines) for the first time.
• July 19– WWII:Battle of the Atlantic:German Grand AdmiralKarl Dönitzorders the lastU-boatsto withdraw from there the United States Atlantic coast positions, in response to an effective American convoy system.
• July 21– WWII: The Japanese establish a beachhead on the north coast ofNew Guineain the Buna-Gona area; a small Australian force begins a rearguard action on theKokoda Track campaign.
• July 22– WWII:The Holocaust:The systematic deportation of Jews from theWarsaw Ghettobegins.
• July 23– WWII:
  • Adolf Hitler issuesDirective 45,ordering the seizure of theBlack Seacoast down toBatum,and taking the oilfields ofMaikop,GroznyandBaku.
  • The Holocaust: Thegas chambersatTreblinka extermination campbegin operation, killing 6,500 Jews newly arrived from the Warsaw Ghetto.
• July 25– WWII:Battle of Kalach:German forces of the6th Armyunder GeneralFriedrich Paulusattack theStalingrad Frontand manages to surround part of the Soviet62ndand64th armiesin theKalachPocket.
• July 29– ThePresidium of the Supreme Sovietof theSoviet Unioninstitutes theOrder of SuvorovandOrder of Kutuzovand reinstates theOrder of Alexander Nevsky.
• July 30– WWII:
  • WAVES(Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service), the United States Naval Reserve (Women's Reserve), is signed into law.
  • TheSSRobert E. Leeis sunk in theGulf of MexicobyU-166,which is itself sunk by the escorting patrol craft.
• July 31– TheOxford Committee for Famine Relief(Oxfam) is founded in England.

August

Main article:August 1942

• August 1– The1942–44 musicians' strikebegins. The American Federation of Musicians goes on strike against the major U.S. recording companies because of disagreements over royalty payments.
• August 3–15– WWII:Operation Pedestal:A British convoy of 14 merchant ships with a massive escort of two battleships, 4 aircraft carriers, 7 cruisers, 32 destroyers and smaller ships commanded by AdmiralEdward Neville Syfret,sets sail toMaltaunder relentless attacks by day and night from enemy submarines, aircraft and Axis surface forces. The 55,000 tons of food and fuel delivery by this convoy saves Malta from surrender and allows Malta-based aircraft and submarines to resume their attacks against Rommel's supply lines.
• August 4– WWII: Operation Letica: An assassination attempt on Serbian fascist Minister of FinanceDušan Letica,by a groupYugoslav Resistancefighters, fails.
• August 5– WWII: German forces of the4th Panzer Armyunder GeneralHermann Hothresume their advance and reachAbganerovo,70 km southwest ofStalingrad.They are stopped by the Soviet 64th Army under GeneralVasily Chuikov,who defend the southern approach to Stalingrad.
• August 7– WWII:Guadalcanal Campaign– TheU.S. Navyand theU.S. Marine Corpsstart the first American offensive of the war, with anamphibiouslanding on the island ofGuadalcanalin theSolomon Islands.
• August 8
  • WWII:Battle of Savo Island:The Japanese Imperial Navy under AdmiralGunichi Mikawawins a spectacular victory over the US Navy and the Australian Navy atSavo Island.Five cruisers and one destroyer are sunk, Mikawa's decision to withdraw under cover of the night rather than attempt to destroy the Allied invasion transports is primarily because of a possible Allied carrier strike against his fleet.
  • WWII: Allied North Atlanticconvoy SC 94loses 10 ships, as the first to be heavily attacked byU-boatsresuming mid-Atlanticwolf packattacks, through the climactic winter of 1942–43.
  • WWII: In Washington, D.C., six Germansaboteursare executed for their role in the failed missionOperation Pastorius(2 others are cooperative and receive sentences of life imprisonment instead, being freed a few years after the end of the war).
• August 9
  • Indian leaderMohandas Gandhiis arrested inBombay,by British forces.
  • Start,led by the goalkeeper Nikolai Trusevich,play football against the German Luftwaffe team Flakelf in Nazi-occupied Kyiv.Against all odds, they win 5–3. Eight of them are later arrested and tortured, and at least four are killed.
  • Leningrad première of Shostakovich's Symphony No. 7,with the city still under siege.
• August 11–Hedy Lamarr's and her friendGeorge Antheil's frequency-hopping system for radio-controlled torpedoes is granted a patent underU.S. patent 2,292,387.In 1962 (at the time of the Cuban missile crisis), an updated version of their design will at last appear on Navy ships.
• August 13– AQuit Indiaresolution is passed by theBombaysession of the All India Congress Committee (AICC), which leads to the start of a historical civil disobedience movement across India.
• August 15– WWII: American tankerOhioreaches Malta, as part of the convoy ofOperation Pedestal.
• August 16
  • Polish-JewishteacherJanusz Korczakfollows a group of Jewish children into theTreblinka extermination camp.
  • U.S. Navy blimpL-8(Flight 101) comes ashore near San Francisco, eventually coming down inDaly City(the crew is missing).
• August 17
  • WWII:Raid on Makin Island:US Marines of the2nd Raider Battalion(211 men) under Lt. Col.Evans Carlsonembark aboard the submarinesArgonautandNautilusatPearl Harbor.The aim is to destroy the Japanese installations and gather intelligence. Only the first of these objectives is achieved, but the raid does boost morale and provide a test for Raider tactics.
  • WWII: Heavy bombers of the U.S.Eighth Air Force,based in England, conduct their first raid against occupied France.
• August 19– WWII:Dieppe Raid:An Allied amphibious attack on the German-occupied port ofDieppein northern France is repulsed. Some 6,000 men of the Canadian2nd Infantry Divisionunder GeneralJohn Roberts,supported by3and4 Commando,50 or soUS Rangersand Free French Commandos, are put ashore. The raid is designed to provide battle experience for the troops and to gain information about German defense methods. The casualties are some 3,600 men, 1 destroyer, 30 tanks and 33 landing craft.
• August 20–Plutoniumis isolated for the first time, at theMetallurgical Laboratoryof theUniversity of Chicago.
• August 21
  • WWII:Operation Edelweiss:German forces (Gebirgsjäger) of the1st Mountain Divisionplace the Naziswastikaflag on the summit ofMount Elbrus,a prominent peak of theCaucasusat 5.629 meters.
  • WWII:Battle of the Tenaru:The Americans defeat Japanese land forces onGuadalcanal.
• August 22– WWII:Brazil declares waron Germany and Italy.
• August 23– WWII:Battle of Stalingrad:German forces of the16th Panzer Divisionreach the suburbs ofStalingrad.The German 6th Army under GeneralFriedrich Paulusstabilishes the frontier and takes up positions at theVolga River.
• August 24
  • WWII:Charge of the Savoia Cavalleria at Izbushensky:An Italiancavalryregiment attacks Soviet forces with drawnsabersat Izbushensky, Russia, one of the last major cavalrycharges.
  • WWII: Allied North Atlanticconvoy ON 122is attacked byU-boats,which sink 4 ships.
  • WWII: The 2-dayBattle of the Eastern Solomonsbegins: Bombers from carrierUSSSaratogasinkJapanese aircraft carrierRyūjōnearSanta Isabel Island,helping to lead to an Allied victory.
• August 25
  • WWII:Battle of Milne Bayopens, when Japanese marines land atMilne Bay.
  • Dunbeath air crash:Prince George, Duke of Kent,brother to KingGeorge VIand KingEdward VIII,is among 14 to die in a military aircraft accident atMorven,Scotland, at the age of 39.
• August 26–31– WWII:Battle of Isurava:Japanese forces (some 2,100 men) of theSouth Seas Detachmentunder GeneralTomitarō Horiidefeat the AustralianMaroubra ForceatIsurava,who fights delaying actions on theKokoda Track.
• August 27–28–Sarny Massacre:Nazi troops and theUkrainian Auxiliary Policesystematically execute more than 14,000 people, mostly Jews, in and aroundSarnyinGerman-occupied Poland.
• August 29– WWII:Tokyo Express:The Japanese navy starts night-time delivery of reinforcements, supplies and equipment to the Japanese forces operating in and aroundNew Guineaand theSolomon Islands.
• August 30– WWII:Luxembourgis formally annexed to the German Reich.
• August 30–September 5– WWII:Battle of Alam el Halfa– British forces in the Western Desert resist a German attack under Erwin Rommel. German tanks get slowed down in the minefields around Alam el Halfa Ridge and are forced to withdraw.
• August 31– The1942 Luxembourgish general strikeis launched, to protest against forced conscription in Luxembourg.

September

Main article:September 1942

• September 2– WWII: The island ofLes Casquetsin the Channel Islands is raided by the forerunner of the BritishSAS,theSSRF,led by MajorGus March-Phillipps;this is one of the first raids byAnders LassenVC. In the raid, the entire garrison of 7 is abducted and returned to England as prisoners, and the radio and lighthouse are wrecked.
• September 3
  • WWII: Erwin Rommel orders a general retreat and carries the German forces ofPanzer Army Africaback to the line running from Tel el Eisa – Deir el Shein - west of Deir el Munassib down to theQattara Depression.Allied forces of the2nd New Zealand Divisionand the British7th Armoured Division( "Desert Rats" ) begin an assault, but they are repelled in a fierce rearguard action by the German90th Light Division.During the attack, Rommel loses some 2,900 men, 50 tanks, a similar number of guns, and 400 vehicles.
  • The Holocaust:A German attempt to liquidate the JewishŁachwa Ghettoinoccupied Polandleads to an uprising, probably the firstghetto uprisingof the war.
• September 5
  • WWII:Battle of Milne Bay:Japanese forces suffer their first defeat on land.
  • The Holocaust:The Jews ofWolbromin occupied Poland are rounded up by the Germans and their Ukrainian collaborators.
• September 9– WWII: A Japanesefloatplanedropsincendiary devicesatMount Emily,nearBrookings, Oregon,in the first of two "Lookout Air Raids",the first bombing of the continental United States.
• September 10
  • WWII: North Atlanticconvoy ON 127is attacked byU-boats,sinking 6 ships.
  • TheWomen's Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron(WAFS) begins operation in the United States.
• September 12– WWII: TheRMSLaconia,carrying civilians, Allied soldiers, and Italian prisoners of war, is torpedoed off the coast of West Africa and sinks, killing 1,649 people.
• September 14–16– WWII:Battle of Ioribaiwa:Australian forces (some 3,000 men) under Major-GeneralSelwyn Porterare forced to withdraw to Imita Ridge, due to supply problems.
• September 15– WWII: TheWomen's Flying Training Detachment(WFTD) is established in the United States.
• September 24– WWII:Andrée BorrelandLise de Baissacbecome the first femaleSOEagents to be parachuted into occupied France.
• September 26–The Holocaust:Nazi officialAugust Frankissues theAugust Frank memorandum,setting out how the belongings of "evacuated" (i.e. murdered) Jews are to be disposed of.
• September 27– WWII: Both thecommerce raidingGerman auxiliary cruiserStierand AmericanLiberty shipSSStephen Hopkinssink, following a gun battle in the South Atlantic.HilfskreuzerStieris the only commerce raider to be sunk by adefensively equipped merchant ship.

October

Main article:October 1942

• October 2
  • British cruiserHMSCuracoacollides with linerRMSQueen Mary(carrying troops from the United States) off the coast ofDonegaland sinks; 338 drown.
  • WWII: Japanese troopshipLisbon Marusinks, following a torpedo attack the previous day by submarineUSSGrouperoff the coast of China; 829 are killed, mostly British prisoners of war who (unknown to the attacker) were being held on board.
  • The first American-builtturbojetaircraft, theBell P-59 Airacometfighter prototype, makes its first official flight.
• October 3– The firstA-4 rocketis successfully launched fromTest Stand VIIatPeenemünde,Germany. The rocket flies 147 kilometers and reaches an altitude of 84.5 kilometers, becoming the first man-made object to reach space.
• October 9
  • WWII:Third Battle of the MatanikauonGuadalcanal:American forces defeat the Japanese.
  • TheStatute of Westminster Adoption Act,passed by theParliament of Australia,formalizes Australian autonomy from the United Kingdom.
• October 11– WWII:Battle of Cape Esperance:On the northwest coast ofGuadalcanal,United States Navyships intercept and defeat a Japanese fleet, on their way to reinforce troops on the island.
• October 13– WWII: North Atlanticconvoy SC 104is attacked byU-boats,sinking seven ships.
• October 14
  • The Holocaust:TheInternational Committee of the Red Cross,meeting in special session at the Hotel Métropole,Geneva,Switzerland, declines to issue an international appeal condemning the holding of civilians inNazi concentration camps.
  • WWII: AU-boatsinks the ferrySSCaribouoffNewfoundland,killing 137.
• October 16
  • Acycloneand consequential floods in theBay of Bengalkill 40,000 people, with particularly heavy damage aroundContai.
  • Animated short filmThe Mouse of Tomorrow,featuring the debut ofMighty Mouse(as "Super Mouse" ), is released in the United States.
• October 18– WWII: Hitler issues theCommando Order,which stipulates that all Alliedcommandosencountered by German forces should be executed immediately without trial, even in proper uniforms, in response to theDieppe RaidandOperation Basaltconducted by the Allies. After the war, theNuremberg trialsfinds this order a direct violation of thelaws and customs of war.
• October 21– ARoyal New Zealand Air Forcetorpedo bombersinks the GermanMSPalatia,with a loss of 946 lives.
• October 23– Award-winning composer and songwriterRalph Rainger( "Thanks for the Memory" ) is among 12 people killed in a mid-air collision between anAmerican AirlinesDC-3and a U.S. Army bomber nearPalm Springs, California.
• October 23–26– WWII:Battle for Henderson Field:Japanese forces fail to recaptureHenderson Fieldairfield inGuadalcanalfrom the Americans.
• October 23–November 4– WWII:Second Battle of El Alamein:British troops go on the offensive against the Axis forces.
• October 26– WWII:Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands:Two Japanese aircraft carriers are heavily damaged and one U.S. Navy carrier is sunk.
• October 28
  • Film actorErrol Flynnis accused of statutory rape by two teenage girls.
  • TheAlaska Highwayis completed.
• October 29–The Holocaust:In the United Kingdom, leading clergymen and political figures hold a public meeting to register outrage overNazi Germany's persecution of Jews.
• October 30– WWII:
  • U-boatssink 11 ships, attacking diversionaryconvoy SL 125,but move out of the path of approachingtroopships,carrying AlliedOperation Torchinvasion forces.
  • British sailors boardU-559as it sinks in the Mediterranean and retrieves itsEnigma machineand codebooks.

November

Main article:November 1942

• November 1– WWII: North Atlanticconvoy SC 107is heavily attacked byU-boats,sinking 15 ships.
• November 2– AUSAAFsquadron, includingB-24 Liberators,intercepts manyLuftwaffepatrols off the coast ofOran, Algeria.
• November 3– WWII:Second Battle of El Alamein:German forces underErwin Rommelare forced to retreat during the night.
• November 6– WWII:Battle of Madagascarends whenVichy Frenchforces onMadagascarsign anarmisticewith the Allies.
• November 8– WWII:
  • Operation Torch:Elements of the Allied expeditionary force (some 105,000 men) under Lieutenant GeneralDwight D. Eisenhowerlands simultaneously along the coastline ofMoroccoandAlgeriainFrench North Africa.
  • French Resistance Coup inAlgiers:400 French civil resisters neutralize the Vichyist XIXth Army Corps and the Vichyist generals (Juin, Darlan, etc.), thus allowing the immediate success of Operation Torch in Algiers, and ultimately the whole ofFrench North Africa.
• November 9– WWII:
  • German forces of the 6th Army under general Friedrich Paulus reach finally the river bank of the Volga, capturing 90% of the ruined city of Stalingrad and splitting the remaining Soviet forces into two narrow pockets.
  • U.S. servicemanEdward Leonskiis hanged at Melbourne's Pentridge Prison, for the "Brown-Out" murders of three women in May.
• November 10– WWII: In violation of a1940armistice, Germany invadesVichy France,following French AdmiralFrançois Darlan's agreement to an armistice with theAlliesinNorth Africa.
• November 11– TheTurkish parliamentpasses theVarlık Vergisi,a capital tax mostly levied on non-Muslim citizens with the unofficial aim to inflict financial ruin on them and end their prominence in the country's economy.
• November 12– WWII:Guadalcanal Campaign:A naval battle nearGuadalcanalstarts between Japanese and American forces.
• November 13– WWII:
  • Guadalcanal Campaign:Aviators from theUSSEnterprisesink the JapanesebattleshipHiei.
  • British forces captureTobruk.
• November 15– WWII:
  • TheNaval Battle of Guadalcanalends: Although theUnited States Navysuffers heavy losses, it retains control ofGuadalcanal.
  • British forces captureDerna, Libya.
• November 18– WWII: North Atlanticconvoy ON 144is attacked byU-boats,sinking 5 ships.
• November 19– WWII:Battle of Stalingrad:Soviet Unionforces under GeneralGeorgy Zhukovlaunch theOperation Uranuscounter-attacks atStalingrad,turning the tide of the battle in the USSR's favor.
• November 20– WWII: British forces captureBenghazi.
• November 21– The completion of theAlaska Highway(also known as the Alcan Highway) is celebrated (however, the "highway"is not usable by general vehicles until1943).
• November 22– WWII:Battle of Stalingrad:The situation for the German attackers ofStalingradseems desperate during theSovietcounter-attackOperation Uranus,and GeneralFriedrich PaulussendsAdolf Hitleratelegram,saying that theGerman Sixth Armyis surrounded.
• November 23– WWII
  • AU-boatsinks theSSBenlomondoff the coast of Brazil. One crewman, Chinese second stewardPoon Lim,is separated from the others and spends 130 days adrift, until he is rescued onApril 3,1943.
  • Legislation approves theUnited States Coast GuardWomen's Reserve, to help fill jobs and free men to serve during the war effort. They are known as theSPARS( "Semper Paratus, Always Ready!" )
• November 25–26– WWII:Operation Harling:A BritishSpecial Operations Executiveteam, together withGreek Resistancefighters, blows up theGorgopotamosviaduct, in the first major sabotage act in occupied continental Europe.
• November 26– The movieCasablancapremières at the Hollywood Theater in New York City.
• November 27– WWII: AtToulon,the French navyscuttles its ships and submarines,to keep them out of Nazi hands.
• November 28
  • Cocoanut Grove fire:A fire in the Cocoanut Grove night club inBoston,Massachusetts,kills 491.
  • The large-scale German "pacification" of the Zamojszczyzna region of Poland begins.
• November 29– TheBlue Star Linecargo linerMVDunedin Starruns aground on theSkeleton CoastofNamibia.Crew and passengers survive, following a 26-day overland trek toWindhoek.
• November 30– WWII:Battle of Tassafaronga– In a nighttime naval battle as part of theGuadalcanal Campaign,ships of theImperial Japanese Navydefeat those of theUnited States Navy.

December

Main article:December 1942

• December 1–Gasolinerationing begins in the United States.
• December 2–Manhattan Project:Below the bleachers of Stagg Field at theUniversity of Chicago,a team led byEnrico Fermiinitiates the first self-sustainingnuclear chain reaction(a coded message, "The Italian navigator has landed in the new world" is then sent to U.S. PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt).
• December 4
  • The Holocaust:InWarsaw,two women,Zofia Kossakand Wanda Filipowicz, risk their lives by setting up the Council for the Assistance of the Jews.
  • WWII: USAAF bombers make their first raid on Italy.
• December 6–Stary Ciepielów and Rekówka massacre:5 families inOccupied Polandare executed by theOrdnungspolizeias part of theGerman retribution against Poles who helped Jews.
• December 7– WWII:
  • British commandos conductOperation Frankton,a raid on shipping inBordeauxHarbour.
  • ThebattleshipUSSNew Jersey(BB-62)is launched atPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania.
• December 8– A fire atSeacliff Lunatic Asylumin New Zealand kills 39 patients.
• December 10–The Holocaust:ThePolish government-in-exilesends copies ofThe Mass Extermination of Jews in German Occupied Poland,includingRaczyński's Note,the first official report on The Holocaust, to 26 governments who signed theDeclaration by United Nations.
• December 11– WWII:Operation Lilliput:The Allies start a convoy operation for transportation of troops, weapons and supplies in a regular transport service betweenMilne BayandOro BayinNew Guinea.The first vessel to arrive at Oro Bay isKarsik,escorted byHMASLithgow,with fourStuartlight tanks.
• December 12– WWII: German troops beganOperation Winter Storm,an attempt to relieve encircled Axis forces during theBattle of Stalingrad.
• December 15– WWII:Guadalcanal Campaign–Battle of Mount Austen, the Galloping Horse, and the Sea Horse:the United States and allied forces begin to attack Japanese positions near theMatanikau River.
• December 17– The Allies issue theJoint Declaration by Members of the United Nations(as the answer toRaczyński's Note), the first time they publicly acknowledge theHolocaust.
• December 20– WWII:First Arakan Campaign:Allied forces begin a counter-offensive intoBurma.During the offensive, Japanese defenders occupying well-prepared positions repeatedly repulse the British and Indian forces.
• December 22
  • An avalanche inAliquippa, Pennsylvania,kills 26, including Vulcan Crucible Steel heir-apparent Samuel A. Stafford Sr., when two 100 ton boulders fall on a bus filled with wartime steelworkers on their way home.
  • An airplane carrying prominent Ustashe generalJure Francetićcrashes. Francetić dies as a result of the injuries onDecember 27.
• December 24– FrenchAdmiral Darlan,the formerVichyleader who has switched over to the Allies following the Torch landings, is assassinated inAlgiers.
• December 27– TheUnion of Pioneers of Yugoslavia,a communist youth movement, is founded.
• December 28– North AtlanticConvoy ON 154is heavily attacked byU-boats,sinking 13 ships.
• December 31– TheTimes Square BallinTimes Square,New York City is not dropped for the first time. Instead, there is amoment of silenceat midnight, followed by the sound of bells playing from sound trucks at the base ofOne Times Square.

Date unknown

• DDTis first used as apesticide.
• circa June – The 1942FIFA World Cupcompetition inAssociation football,whichNazi Germanysought to host, is not held, due to World War II.

Births

January

Stephen Hawking

Junichiro Koizumi

Muhammad Ali

Michael Crawford

Eusébio

Tasuku Honjo

• January 1
  • Adil Abdul-Mahdi,49thPrime Minister of Iraq
  • Alassane Ouattara,5thPresident of the Ivory Coast
  • Gennadi Sarafanov,Russian cosmonaut (d.2005)
• January 3
  • László Sólyom,President of Hungary(d.2023)
  • John Thaw,English actor (d.2002)
• January 4
  • Bolaji Akinyemi,Nigerian professor of political science
  • Jaber Al-Mubarak Al-Hamad Al-Sabah,7thPrime Minister of Kuwait
  • DameMarcela Contreras,Chilean-British immunologist and educator
  • John McLaughlin,English guitarist, bandleader and composer
• January 5
  • Maurizio Pollini,Italian pianist (d.2024)
  • Charlie Rose,American television anchor and talk show host
• January 7–Vasily Alekseyev,Soviet weightlifter (d.2011)
• January 8
  • Fauziyya Hassan,Maldivian actress (d.2022)
  • Stephen Hawking,British physicist (d.2018)
  • Junichiro Koizumi,56thPrime Minister of Japan
• January 9–Lee Kun-hee,South Korean businessman (d.2020)
• January 10–Walter Hill,American film director, screenwriter, and producer
• January 11
  • Clarence Clemons,African-American saxophonist (d.2011)
  • Bill Sheridan,American basketball coach (d.2020)
• January 12
  • Ramiro de León Carpio,31stPresident of Guatemala(d.2002)
  • Michel Mayor,Swiss astronomer, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physics
• January 14–Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal,Chief Justice of India(d.2015)
• January 16
  • René Angélil,Canadian singer and manager (d.2016)
  • Richard Bohringer,French actor
  • Nicole Fontaine,French politician (d.2018)
  • Zhao Zhongxiang,Chinese television host (d.2020)
• January 17
  • Muhammad Ali,African-American boxer, activist, and philanthropist (d.2016)
  • Ita Buttrose,Australian journalist
  • Antonio Fraguas de Pablo,Spanish graphic humorist (d.2018)
• January 19–Michael Crawford,English actor, singer and entertainer
• January 21–Edwin Starr,singer (d.2003)
• January 22
  • Jaime Humberto Hermosillo,Mexican film director (d.2020)
  • Mimis Domazos,Greek footballer
  • Amine Gemayel,12th President of Lebanon
• January 23
  • Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat,1stPresident of Mongolia
  • Salim Ahmed Salim,4th Prime Minister of Tanzania
• January 25–Eusébio,Mozambican Portuguese footballer (d.2014)
• January 26–Árpád Urbán,Hungarian teacher and politician
• January 27–Tasuku Honjo,Japanese immunologist, Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine
• January 28
  • Hans Jürgen Bäumler,German figure skater, actor, pop singer and television host
  • Sjoukje Dijkstra,Dutch figure skater (d.2024)
  • Erkki Pohjanheimo,Finnish TV-producer and director
• January 29–Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez,Cuban military officer, legislator, and cosmonaut
• January 30–Marty Balin,American singer, songwriter, and musician (d.2018)
• January 31
  • Daniela Bianchi,Italian actress
  • Derek Jarman,English director and writer (d.1994)

February

Terry Jones

Graham Nash

Carole King

Ehud Barak

Brian Jones

• February 1
  • Bibi Besch,Austrian-American actress (d.1996)
  • Terry Jones,Welsh actor (Monty Python) and writer (d.2020)
  • Masa Saito,Japanese professional wrestler (d.2018)
• February 2–Graham Nash,English rock musician
• February 7–Bernard Lietaer,Belgian engineer and economist (d.2019)
• February 8–Gordon Morritt,English footballer (d.2018)
• February 9
  • Manuel Castells,Spanish sociologist
  • Carole King,American singer and composer
• February 12
  • Ehud Barak,10thPrime Minister of Israel
  • Lionel Grigson,British jazz pianist, composer, writer, educator (d.1994)
• February 13
  • Carol Lynley,American actress (d.2019)
  • Peter Tork,American musician and actor (d.2019)
  • Donald E. Williams,American astronaut (d.2016)
• February 15
  • Sadou Hayatou,4thPrime Minister of Cameroon(d.2019)
  • Sherry Jackson,American actress
• February 20
  • Phil Esposito,Canadian hockey player
  • Mitch McConnell,American politician, U.S. senior senator from Kentucky
• February 21–Margarethe von Trotta,German actress, film director and writer
• February 22–Christine Keeler,English model (d.2017)
• February 25–Karen Grassle,American actress
• February 26–Jozef Adamec,Slovak football player and manager (d.2018)
• February 27–Robert H. Grubbs,American chemist,Nobel Prizelaureate (d.2021)
• February 28
  • Brian Jones,English musician (d.1969)
  • Dino Zoff,Italian footballer and manager

March

Michael Eisner

John Cale

Michael York

• March 2
  • John Irving,American author
  • Lou Reed,American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d.2013)
• March 5
  • Felipe González,Prime Minister of Spain
  • Mike Resnick,American science fiction author (d.2020)
• March 7
  • Tammy Faye Bakker,American evangelist, singer and television personality (d.2007)
  • Michael Eisner,American film studio executive
• March 9–John Cale,Welsh composer and musician
• March 12–Ratko Mladić,former Bosnian Serb military leader
• March 13
  • Dave Cutler,American software engineer
  • Scatman John,American musician (d.1999)
• March 16–James Soong,Taiwan politician
• March 17–John Wayne Gacy,Americanserial killer(d.1994)
• March 19–José Serra,Brazilian politician
• March 23
  • Walter Rodney,Guyanese historian and political figure
  • Michael Haneke,Austrian director and screenwriter
• March 24–Jesús Alou,Dominican baseball player (d.2023)
• March 25
  • Aretha Franklin,American singer, songwriter, actress, and civil rights activist (d.2018)
  • Richard O'Brien,English-New Zealand actor
• March 26
  • Erica Jong,American author
  • Edvard Schiffauer,Czech composer
• March 27
  • John E. Sulston,British chemist; recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine(d.2018)
  • Michael York,English actor
• March 28
  • Daniel Dennett,American philosopher (d.2024)
  • Neil Kinnock,British Labour leader
  • Mike Newell,British film director
  • Conrad Schumann,East German border guard (d.1998)
  • Jerry Sloan,American basketball player and coach (d.2020)
• March 29
  • Kenichi Ogata,Japanese voice actor
  • Scott Wilson,American actor (d.2018)
• March 30–Ruben Kun,Nauruan politician and former President of Nauru

April

Leon Russell

Jeetendra

Jacob Zuma

David Bradley

Geoffrey Palmer

Barbra Streisand

• April 1–Samuel R. Delany,American science fiction author
• April 2
  • Leon Russell,American singer, songwriter, pianist and guitarist (d.2016)
  • Roshan Seth,British actor
• April 3
  • Marsha Mason,American actress
  • Wayne Newton,American entertainer and singer
  • Billy Joe Royal,American singer (d.2015)
• April 5
  • Allan Clarke,English musician
  • Peter Greenaway,English filmmaker and artist
• April 6
  • Barry Levinson,American film producer and director
  • Anita Pallenberg,German-Italian actress, artist, and model (d.2017)
• April 7–Jeetendra,Indian actor
• April 8
  • Roger Chapman,British rock singer
  • Douglas Trumbull,American film director andspecial effectsartist (d.2022)
• April 9–Brandon deWilde,American actor (d.1972)
• April 10–Hayedeh,Iranian singer (d.1990)
• April 12
  • Carlos Reutemann,Argentine racing driver and politician (d.2021)
  • Jacob Zuma,4thPresident of South Africa
• April 14
  • Valeriy Brumel,Russian athlete (d.2003)
  • Valentin Lebedev,Russian cosmonaut
• April 15–Julie Sommars,American actress
• April 17
  • Kenas Aroi,Nauruan politician (d.1991)
  • David Bradley,English actor
• April 18
  • Jeff Kimpel,American atmospheric scientist (d.2020)
  • Jochen Rindt,German-born racing driver (d.1970)
• April 19–Alan Price,English musician and keyboardist
• April 20
  • Casimir Oyé-Mba,3rdPrime Minister of Gabon(d.2021)
  • Arto Paasilinna,Finnish author (d.2018)
• April 21–Geoffrey Palmer,33rdPrime Minister of New Zealand
• April 22–Rudolf Jaenisch,German-American biologist
• April 23
  • Sandra Dee,American actress (d.2005)
  • Christian Frémont,French politician (d.2014)
• April 24–Barbra Streisand,American singer, actress, composer, and film director
• April 26–Bobby Rydell,American singer (d.2022)
• April 27
  • Jim Keltner,American drummer
  • Valeri Polyakov,Russian cosmonaut (d.2022)
• April 29–Galina Kulakova,Soviet athlete

May

Tammy Wynette

Ian Dury

Jusuf Kalla

Taj Mahal

• May 1–Jean Saubert,American alpine ski racer (d.2007)
• May 2–Jacques Rogge,8thPresident of the International Olympic Committee(d.2021)
• May 3–Věra Čáslavská,Czech gymnast (d.2016)
• May 5
  • Marc Alaimo,American actor
  • Tammy Wynette,American country singer (d.1998)
• May 6–Ariel Dorfman,Argentine/Chilean novelist, playwright and essayist
• May 8
  • Peter Corris,Australian academic, historian, journalist and a novelist (d.2018)
  • Terry Neill,Northern Irish footballer and manager (d.2022)
• May 9
  • Tommy Roe,American singer-songwriter
  • John Ashcroft,79thUnited States Attorney General
• May 12–Ian Dury,British musician (d.2000)
• May 13–Vladimir Dzhanibekov,Soviet cosmonaut
• May 14
  • Byron Dorgan,American author, businessman, attorney and politician
  • Tony Pérez,Cuban-American professional baseball player and manager
• May 15
  • Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini,2-Time Prime Minister of Swaziland (d.2018)
  • Anthony W. England,American astronaut
  • Jusuf Kalla,10th and 12thVice President of Indonesia
• May 17
  • Philippe Gondet,French footballer (d.2018)
  • Taj Mahal,African-American singer and guitarist
• May 19–Gary Kildall,American computer scientist and microcomputer entrepreneur (d.1994)
• May 20
  • Lynn Davies,Welsh track and field athlete
  • Carlos Hathcock,American Marine sniper (d.1999)
  • David Proval,American actor
• May 21–Robert C. Springer,American astronaut and test pilot
• May 22
  • Roger Brown,American basketball player (d. 1997)
  • Ted Kaczynski,American domestic terrorist, mathematics professor, and anarchist author (d.2023)
  • Barbara Parkins,Canadian actress
• May 24
  • Ichirō Ozawa,Japanese politician
  • Fraser Stoddart,Scottish-born scientist, recipient of theNobel Prize in Chemistry
• May 25–José Mário Branco,Portuguese singer-songwriter, actor, and record producer (d.2019)
• May 28–Stanley B. Prusiner,American scientist, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• May 29–Kevin Conway,American actor and director (d.2020)

June

Curtis Mayfield

Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo

Muammar Gaddafi

Thabo Mbeki

SirPaul McCartney

Brian Wilson

Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle

• June 2
  • Tony Buzan,English author and educational consultant (d.2019)
  • Eduard Malofeyev,Russian footballer and coach
• June 3–Curtis Mayfield,African-American musician (d.1999)
• June 5–Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo,President of Equatorial GuineaandChairperson of the African Union
• June 6–Sandra Morgan,Australian swimmer
• June 7
  • Muammar Gaddafi,Libyan revolutionary, politician, and political theorist (d.2011)
  • Anneke Grönloh,Dutch singer (d.2018)
• June 8–Jacques Dubochet,Swiss biophysicist, recipient of theNobel Prize in Chemistry
• June 10–Preston Manning,Canadian politician
• June 12–Bert Sakmann,German physiologist, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• June 13–Abdulsalami Abubakar,President of Nigeria
• June 14–Andy Irvine,Irish folk musician
• June 16
  • Giacomo Agostini,Italian motorcycle racer
  • John Rostill,English bassist, musician and composer (d.1973)
• June 17–Mohamed El Baradei,Egyptian International Atomic Energy Agency director, recipient of theNobel Peace Prize
• June 18
  • Roger Ebert,American film critic and television personality (d.2013)
  • Thabo Mbeki,South African politician and 12thPresident of South Africa
  • Paul McCartney,English musician and composer
  • Carl Radle,American bass guitarist
  • Nick Tate,Australian actor
  • Hans Vonk,Dutch conductor (d.2004)
• June 20–Brian Wilson,American singer, composer and producer (The Beach Boys)
• June 21–Flaviano Vicentini,Italian cyclist (d. 2002)
• June 22
  • Toyohiro Akiyama,Japanese cosmonaut
  • Eumir Deodato,Brazilian pianist, composer, arranger and producer
  • Laila Freivalds,Swedish politician
• June 23–Martin Rees,British cosmologist and astrophysicist
• June 24
  • Michele Lee,American actress and singer
  • Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle,Chilean politician and 33rdPresident of Chile
• June 25
  • Willis Reed,African-American basketball player, coach and general manager (d.2023)
  • Michel Tremblay,French-Canadian novelist and playwright
• June 26
  • Gilberto Gil,Brazilian singer, politician
  • Larry Taylor,American bass guitarist (Canned Heat) (d.2019)
• June 27–Bruce Johnston,American singer and songwriter (The Beach Boys)
• June 28
  • Chris Hani,South African politician (d.1993)
  • Rupert Sheldrake,British biochemist
  • Frank Zane,American professional bodybuilder and author
• June 30
  • Robert Ballard,American explorer, Navy officer and professor
  • Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo,4th President of Burkina Faso
  • Friedrich von Thun,Austrian actor

July

Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri

Vicente Fox

Richard Roundtree

Harrison Ford

Roger McGuinn

Javier Solana

Chris Sarandon

• July 1
  • Geneviève Bujold,Canadian actress
  • Andraé Crouch,American gospel singer (d.2015)
  • Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri,6thVice President of Iraq(d.2020)
  • Wim T. Schippers,Dutch artist, comedian, television director, and voice actor
  • Timothy Yang,Taiwanese diplomat and politician
• July 2
  • Vicente Fox,55thPresident of Mexico
  • Ahmet Türk,Kurdish nationalist
  • Juan Cutillas,footballer and Spanish soccer coach
• July 3
  • Kevin Johnson,Australian singer-songwriter
  • Eddy Mitchell,French singer and actor
• July 4–Prince Michael of Kent
• July 5
  • Louise Shaffer,American actress, script writer, and author
  • Hannes Löhr,German footballer (d.2016)
• July 6–Raymond Depardon,French photographer, photojournalist and documentary filmmaker
• July 7
  • Carmen Duncan,Australian actress and activist (d.2019)
  • Abdul Hamid II,Pakistani field hockey player
  • Thomas D. Pollard,American educator, cell biologist and biophysicist
• July 9–Richard Roundtree,American actor (d.2023)
• July 10
  • Ronnie James Dio,American musician (d.2010)
  • Pyotr Klimuk,Russian cosmonaut
  • Mirjana Marković,Serbian politician, 3rd First Lady ofYugoslavia(d.2019)
  • Lopo do Nascimento,1stPrime Minister of Angola
  • Sixto Rodriguez,American singer-songwriter (d.2023)
• July 11
  • Tomasz Stańko,Polish trumpeter, composer and improviser (d.2018)
  • Jean Jourden,French cyclist
  • Vitorino,Portuguese singer-songwriter
• July 13
  • Harrison Ford,American actor
  • Roger McGuinn,American musician (The Byrds)
• July 14–Javier Solana,Spanish politician and diplomat
• July 15–Mil Máscaras,Mexican professional wrestler
• July 16–Margaret Court,Australian tennis player
• July 17
  • Connie Hawkins,American basketball player (d.2017)
  • Zoot Money,English vocalist, keyboardist and bandleader
• July 18
  • Prince Alexandre of Belgium(d.2009)
  • Giacinto Facchetti,Italian footballer (d.2006)
  • Adolf Ogi,member of the Swiss Federal Council
• July 19–Frederick Kantor,American physicist
• July 20–Salvatore Lo Piccolo,Italian mafioso
• July 21
  • Alfred Gomolka,German politician
  • Véronique Vendell,French actress
• July 22–Toyohiro Akiyama,Japanese TV journalist and astronaut
• July 23–Myra Hindley,English multiple murderer (d.2002)
• July 24–Chris Sarandon,American actor
• July 26–Hannelore Elsner,German actress (d.2019)
• July 27–Dennis Ralston,American tennis player (d.2020)
• July 29–Tony Sirico,American actor (d.2022)

August

Jerry Garcia

Isabel Allende

David Lange

Tobin Bell

His sắc ne Habré

Isaac Hayes

José Eduardo dos Santos

• August 1
  • Jerry Garcia,American musician (d.1995)
  • Giancarlo Giannini,Italian actor
• August 2–Isabel Allende,Chilean writer
• August 4
  • Don S. Davis,American actor (d.2008)
  • David Lange,32ndPrime Minister of New Zealand(d.2005)
• August 6–Evelyn Hamann,German actress (d.2007)
• August 7
  • Tobin Bell,American actor
  • Garrison Keillor,American writer and radio host
  • Carlos Monzón,Argentine professional boxer (d.1995)
  • Caetano Veloso,Brazilian composer, singer, guitarist, writer, and political activist
• August 9–Miguel Littín,Chilean film director, screenwriter, film producer and novelist
• August 10–Agepê,Brazilian singer/composer (d.1995)
• August 13
  • His sắc ne Habré,1stPrime Ministerand 5thPresident of Chad(d.2021)
  • Robert L. Stewart,American astronaut
• August 17–Muslim Magomayev,Soviet, Azerbaijani and Russian singer (d.2008)
• August 20–Isaac Hayes,American singer and actor (d.2008)
• August 23
  • Nancy Richey,American tennis player
  • Susana Vieira,Brazilian actress
• August 24
  • Hans Peter Korff,German actor
  • Karen Uhlenbeck,American mathematician
• August 25
  • Imogen Hassall,English actress (d.1980)
  • Howard Jacobson,British novelist and journalist
• August 26–John E. Blaha,American astronaut
• August 27
  • Daryl Dragon,American musician (d.2019)
  • Tom Belsø,Danish motor racing driver (d.2020)
• August 28–José Eduardo dos Santos,2ndPresident of Angola(d.2022)
• August 29–Sterling Morrison,American musician (d.1995)
• August 30–John Kani,South African actor, director and playwright

September

Al Jardine

Werner Herzog

Emmerson Mnangagwa

Wolfgang Schäuble

Ian McShane

• September 1–C. J. Cherryh,American writer
• September 2–Robert Shapiro,American lawyer and entrepreneur
• September 3
  • Michael Hui,Hong Kong filmcomedian
  • Al Jardine,American musician
• September 4–Raymond Floyd,American golfer
• September 5
  • Denise Fabre,French television personality
  • Werner Herzog,German filmmaker
  • Eduardo Mata,Mexican conductor and composer (d.1995)
• September 6
  • Mel McDaniel,American country singer (d.2011)
  • Carol Wayne,American television and film actress (d.1985)
• September 7–Alan Oakes,English footballer
• September 8–Želimir Žilnik,Serbian film director
• September 9–The Iron Sheik,Iranian-American wrestler (d.2023)
• September 11–Lola Falana,American singer, dancer, model and actress
• September 14–Arturo Macapagal,Filipino shooter (d.2015)
• September 15
  • Robert Lau Hoi Chew,Malaysian politician (d.2010)
  • Wen Jiabao,Premier of the People's Republic of China
  • Emmerson Mnangagwa,3rdPresident of Zimbabwe
• September 17–Lupe Ontiveros,American actress (d.2012)
  • Robert Graysmith,American true crime author and former cartoonist
• September 18–Wolfgang Schäuble,German politician (d.2023)
• September 19–Freda Payne,American singer and actress
• September 20–Rose Francine Rogombé,Gabonese lawyer and politician (d.2015)
• September 22
  • Wu Ma,Chinese film actor, director, producer and writer (d.2014)
  • Marlena Shaw,American jazz singer (d.2024)
  • David Stern,American commissioner of the National Basketball Association (d.2020)
• September 25–Dee Dee Warwick,American singer (d.2008)
• September 26
  • Ingrid Becker,German athlete
  • Heidemarie Cammerlander,Austrian politician
• September 28
  • Marshall Bell,American actor
  • Pierre Clémenti,French actor (d.1999)
  • Tim Maia,Brazilian musician, songwriter and businessman (d.1998)
  • Justinian Rweyemamu,Tanzania's first major economics scholar (d.1982)
• September 29
  • Yves Rénier,French actor and filmmaker (d.2021)
  • Felice Gimondi,Italian racing cyclist (d.2019)
  • Madeline Kahn,American actress (d.1999)
  • Ian McShane,English actor
  • Bill Nelson,American politician and astronaut
  • Jean-Luc Ponty,French jazz violinist
• September 30
  • Gus Dudgeon,English record producer (d.2002)
  • Frankie Lymon,American singer (d.1968)
  • Sture Pettersson,Swedish cyclist (d.1983)

October

Britt Ekland

Joy Behar

Amitabh Bachchan

Michael Crichton

• October 1–Günter Wallraff,German investigative journalist
  • Jean-Pierre Jabouille,FrenchF1driver (d.2023)
• October 2–Asha Parekh,Indian actress, film director and producer
• October 3
  • Earl Hindman,American actor (d.2003)
  • Roberto Perfumo,Argentine footballer and sports commentator (d.2016)
• October 6–Britt Ekland,Swedish actress
• October 7
  • Ronald Baecker,American computer scientist
  • Joy Behar,American comedian and television personality
• October 8
  • Stanley Bates,British actor and screenwriter
  • Nguyễn Minh Triết,6thPresident of Vietnam
• October 9–Shukri Ghanem,Libyan politician (d.2012)
• October 10
  • Janis Hansen,American singer and author (d.2017)
  • Radu Vasile,Prime Minister of Romania (d.2013)
• October 11–Amitabh Bachchan,Indian actor, film producer, and television host
• October 12–Daliah Lavi,Israeli actress and singer (d.2017)
• October 13
  • Rutanya Alda,Latvian-American actress
  • Jerry Jones,American football team owner
• October 19–Andrew Vachss,American author and attorney (d.2021)
• October 20
  • Christel DeHaan,German-American businesswoman and philanthropist (d.2020)
  • Arto Paasilinna,Finnish writer (d.2018)
  • Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard,German biologist, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• October 21–Judy Sheindlin,American retired judge turned television personality (Judge Judy)
• October 22
  • Bobby Fuller,American rock singer, songwriter, and guitarist (d.1966)
  • Annette Funicello,American actress and singer (d.2013)
  • Pedro Morales,Puerto Rican professional wrestler (d.2019)
• October 23
  • Michael Crichton,American author (d.2008)
  • Anita Roddick,British businesswoman, human rights activist and campaigner (d.2007)
• October 24–Frank Delaney,Irish-born novelist, journalist and broadcaster (d.2017)
• October 25–Gloria Katz,American screenwriter and film producer (d.2018)
• October 26–Bob Hoskins,British actor (d.2014)
• October 27
  • Philip Catherine,Belgian jazz guitarist
  • Lee Greenwood,American country singer and songwriter
• October 28–Kees Verkerk,Dutch speed skater
• October 29–Bob Ross,American painter and television presenter (d.1995)
• October 31
  • George Brizan,8th Prime Minister of Grenada (d.2012)
  • David Ogden Stiers,American actor and voice-over artist (d.2018)

November

Martin Scorsese

Joe Biden

Bob Einstein

Guion Bluford

SirBilly Connolly

Jimi Hendrix

• November 1
  • Larry Flynt,American publisher (Hustler) (d.2021)
  • Ralph Klein,Canadian politician (d.2013)
  • Marcia Wallace,American actress and comedian (d.2013)
• November 2
  • Shere Hite,American-born German sexologist (d.2020)
  • Stefanie Powers,American actress
• November 5–Pierangelo Bertoli,Italian singer-songwriter (d.2002)
• November 6–Jean Shrimpton,English model and actress
• November 7
  • Tom Peters,American writer
  • Johnny Rivers,American musician, singer and songwriter
• November 8
  • Angel Cordero Jr.,Puerto Rican jockey
  • Sandro Mazzola,Italian footballer
  • Fernando Sorrentino,Argentine writer
• November 10
  • Robert F. Engle,American economist,Nobel Prizelaureate
  • Hans-Rudolf Merz,Swiss federal councillor
• November 11–K. Connie Kang,Korean American journalist and author (d.2019)
• November 15–Daniel Barenboim,Argentine-born pianist and conductor
• November 16–Joanna Pettet,British-born Canadian actress
• November 17
  • Derek Clayton,Australian long-distance runner
  • Bob Gaudio,American musician
  • Kang Kek Iew,Cambodian politician and criminal (d.2020)
  • István Rosztóczy,Hungarian microbiologist (d.1993)
  • Martin Scorsese,American film director
• November 18
  • Linda Evans,American actress
  • Susan Sullivan,American actress
• November 19–Calvin Klein,American fashion designer
• November 20
  • Joe Biden,46thPresident of the United States
  • Bob Einstein,American actor, producer and screenwriter (d.2019)
  • Norman Greenbaum,American singer-songwriter
• November 21–Al Matthews,African-American actor and singer (d.2018)
• November 22
  • Francis K. Butagira,Ugandan ambassador
  • Dick Stockton,American sports announcer
  • Guion Bluford,African-American astronaut
• November 23–Susan Anspach,American actress (d.2018)
• November 24–Billy Connolly,Scottish comedian and singer
• November 25–Rosa von Praunheim,German film director, author and painter
• November 26–Olivia Cole,African-American actress (d.2018)
• November 27
  • Manolo Blahnik,Spanish shoe designer
  • Jimi Hendrix,American guitarist (d.1970)
• November 28–Eric Shinseki,American U.S. Army General
• November 29
  • Michael Craze,British actor (d.1998)
  • Philippe Huttenlocher,Swiss baritone
• November 30–André Brahic,French astrophysicist (d.2016)

December

Muhammadu Buhari

Paul Butterfield

Hu Jintao

Michael Nesmith

• December 1–John Clauser,American quantum physicist, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physics
• December 2–Francisque Ravony,7th Prime Minister of Madagascar (d.2003)
• December 3–Alice Schwarzer,German feminist, founder and publisher of German feminist journalEMMA
• December 4
  • William “Red” Dawson,American football player and coach
  • Al Hunt,American columnist
  • Gemma Jones,British actress
• December 6
  • Chelsea Brown,American actress (d.2017)
  • Peter Handke,Austrian novelist
• December 7
  • Harry Chapin,American singer-songwriter (d.1981)
  • Reginald Lewis,American businessman (d.1993)
  • Peter Tomarken,American game-show host (d.2006)
• December 8–Toots Hibbert,Jamaican reggae singer-songwriter (d.2020)
• December 9
  • Dick Butkus,American football player (d.2023)
  • Billy Bremner,Scottish footballer (d.1997)
• December 17
  • Muhammadu Buhari,Nigerian army general and 15thPresident of Nigeria
  • Paul Butterfield,American musician (d.1987)
• December 19
  • Milan Milutinovic,President of Serbia(d.2023)
  • Gene Okerlund,American wrestling announcer (d.2019)
• December 20–Bob Hayes,African-American athlete (d.2002)
• December 21
  • Hu Jintao,General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party,6thPresident of the People's Republic of China
  • Carla Thomas,American singer
• December 24–Hédi M'henni,Tunisian politician (d.2024)
• December 27
  • Muruga Booker,American drummer, composer, inventor, artist and recording artist
  • Charmian Carr,American actress (d.2016)
  • Thomas Menino,53rdMayor of Boston, Massachusetts(d.2014)
• December 29–Rajesh Khanna,Indian actor (d.2012)
• December 30
  • Betty Aberlin,American actress
  • Vladimir Bukovsky,Russian-born British human rights activist and political dissident (d.2019)
  • Anne Charleston,Australian actress
  • Allan Gotthelf,American philosopher (d.2013)
  • Michael Nesmith,American musician, singer-songwriter, producer (d.2021)
  • Janko Prunk,Slovenian historian
  • Fred Ward,American actor and producer (d.2022)
• December 31–Taufiq Kiemas,5thFirst Spouse of Indonesia(d.2013)

Deaths

January

Mel Sheppard

Henri de Baillet-Latour

Emil Szramek

Carole Lombard

Racho Petrov

Prince Ludwig Gaston of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

• January 2–Ivande Kaija,Soviet writer and feminist (b.1876)
• January 4
  • Sydney Fairbrother,British actress (b.1872)
  • Mel Sheppard,American Olympic athlete (b.1883)
  • Otis Skinner,American actor (b.1858)
• January 6
  • Emma Calvé,French soprano (b.1858)
  • Henri de Baillet-Latour,3rdPresident of the International Olympic Committee(b.1876)
• January 9
  • Heber Doust Curtis,American astronomer (b.1872)
  • Jan Graliński,Polish general (b.1895)
• January 13
  • Vladimir Ignatowski,Soviet physicist (b.1875)
  • Emil Szramek,PolishRoman Catholicpriest, martyr and saint (b.1887)
  • Albert Jean Baptiste Marie Vayssière,French biologist and scientist (b.1854)
• January 16
  • Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn,2nd youngest son ofQueen Victoria(b.1850)
  • Sir Jeremiah Colman, 1st Baronet,British industrialist (b.1859)
  • Carole Lombard,American actress (b.1908)
• January 17–Walther von Reichenau,German field marshal (b.1884)
• January 18–James P. Parker,United States Navy commodore (b.1855)
• January 21
  • Christiaan Cornelissen,Dutch writer, economic and trade unionist (b.1864)
  • Isidoro Diéguez Dueñas,Spanish bricklayer (b.1909)
  • Jesús Larrañaga,Spanish communist leader (b.1901)
• January 22
  • Walter Sickert,British Impressionist painter (b.1860)
  • Racho Petrov,Bulgarian general and politician, 12thPrime Minister of Bulgaria(b.1861)
• January 23
  • Prince Ludwig Gaston of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha(b.1870)
  • Nazareno Strampelli,Italian agronomist and plant breeder (b.1866)
• January 26–Felix Hausdorff,German mathematician (suicide) (b.1868)
• January 27–Kaarel Eenpalu,Estonian journalist and politician, 7thPrime Minister of Estonia(b.1888)
• January 29–Viktor Esbensen,Norwegian mariner (b.1881)

February

Ado Birk

Lauri Kristian Relander

Ugo Pasquale Mifsud

Epitácio Pessoa

• February 2
  • Ado Birk,Estonian politician, 3rdPrime Minister of Estonia(b.1883)
  • Leonetto Cappiello,Italian poster designer and painter (b.1875)
• February 7–Dorando Pietri,Italian Olympic athlete (b.1885)
• February 8–Fritz Todt,Nazi German engineer (b.1891)
• February 9–Lauri Kristian Relander,2ndPresident of Finland(b.1883)
• February 11
  • Jamnalal Bajaj,Indian industrialist and philanthropist (b.1889)
  • Sir Ugo Pasquale Mifsud,3rdPrime Minister of Malta(b.1889)
• February 12–Grant Wood,American painter (b.1891)
• February 13
  • Otakar Batlička,Czechoslovakian adventurer and journalist (b.1895)
  • Epitácio Pessoa,Brazil jurist and politician, 11thPresident of Brazil(b.1865)
• February 14–Mirosław Ferić,Polish WWII fighter pilot (b.1915)
• February 16–Ettore Arrigoni degli Oddi,Italian ornithologist (b.1867)
• February 19–Frank Abbandando,American gangster (b.1910)
• February 20–Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa,Ruler of Bahrain (b.1872)
• February 22–Stefan Zweig,Austrian writer (b.1881)
• February 24–Anton Drexler,German far-right politician (b.1884)
• February 27
  • Robert William Chapman,Australian engineer and mathematician (b.1866)
  • Joseph Emile Harley,American army officer and politician (b.1880)
• February 28
  • Karel Doorman,Dutch admiral (b.1889)
  • Oskar Fischer,Czech Scientist (b.1876)

March

Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta

Robert Bosch

Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear

• March 1
  • George S. Rentz,United States Navy Chaplain andNavy Crosswinner (b.1882)
  • Cornelius Vanderbilt III,American military officer, inventor, and engineer (b.1873)
• March 2
  • Gustave Anjou,Swedish genealogist (b.1863)
  • Sergei Solovyov,SovietOrthodoxpriest and blessed (b.1885)
• March 3–Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta,Italian nobleman and military officer, Viceroy ofItalian East Africa(b.1898)
• March 4–Gheorghe Adamescu,Romanian historian and bibliographer (b.1869)
• March 7–Pierre Semard,French Communist leader (b.1887)
• March 8–José Raúl Capablanca,Cuban chess player (b.1888)
• March 10–Frederick Behre,American artist (b.1863)
• March 11
  • José Camprubí,Spanish publisher (b.1879)
  • Raoul Dandurand,Canadian politician (b.1861)
• March 12
  • Robert Bosch,German industrialist, engineer and inventor (b.1861)
  • Sir William Henry Bragg,British physicist, chemist and mathematician,Nobel Prizelaureate (b.1862)
  • Enric Morera i Viura,Andorran composer (b.1865)
• March 14
  • René Bull,British illustrator and photographer (b.1872)
  • Friedrich Karl Georg Fedde,German botanist (b.1873)
• March 15–Vasile Demetrius,Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian writer, poet and translator (b.1878)
• March 17–Nada Dimić,Yugoslav Communist leader (b.1923)
• March 20–Vasily Kalafati,Soviet and Russian composer (b.1869)
• March 21–J. S. Woodsworth,Canadian politician (b.1874)
  • Václav Morávek,Czech general and warrior (b.1904)
• March 23
  • Ludwig von Höhnel,Austrian naval officer and explorer (b.1857)
  • Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear,20thPresident of Argentina(b.1868)
• March 26–Gustav Hinrichs,German-born American conductor and composer (b.1850)
• March 27
  • Jannion Steele Elliott,British ornithologist and naturalist (b.1871)
  • John W. Wilcox Jr.,American admiral (lost overboard) (b.1882)
  • Julio González,Spanish sculptor and painter (b.1876)
• March 28–Miguel Hernández,Spanish poet and playwright (b.1910)

April

Lucy Maud Montgomery

• April 2–Édouard Estaunié,French novelist (b.1862)
• April 4
  • James Bede,American politician (b.1856)
  • Jan Daszewski,Polish fighter pilot (b.1916)
• April 6–Isidro Michel López,Mexican military officer, leader of theMexican Revolution(b.1870)
• April 7–Anandshankar Dhruv,Indian scholar, writer, educationist and editor (b.1869)
• April 11–Frederick Hobbs,New Zealand-born singer and actor (b.1874)
• April 12–Arnold Keppel, 8th Earl of Albemarle,British soldier and politician (b.1858)
• April 13
  • Julia Danzas,Soviet and RussianRoman Catholicreligious leader and blessed (b.1879)
  • Sir James Fergusson,British admiral (b.1881)
• April 15
  • Robert Musil,Austrian novelist (b.1880)
  • Joshua Pim,Irish tennis player (b.1869)
• April 16–Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha,granddaughter ofQueen Victoria(b.1878)
• April 17
  • Renward Brandstetter,Swiss philologist and linguist (b.1860)
  • Adolph Daniel Edward Elmer,American botanist (b.1870)
  • Jean Baptiste Perrin,French physicist,Nobel Prizelaureate (b.1870)
• April 18
  • Grażyna Chrostowska,Polish poet and activist (b.1921)
  • Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney,American heiress, socialite and sculptor (b.1875)
• April 21–Gustav Stickley,American furniture designer and architect (b.1858)
• April 23–Olga Benário Prestes,German-born Brazilian militant (b.1908)
• April 24
  • Camille du Gast,French pioneer (b.1868)
  • Deenanath Mangeshkar,Indian singer and composer (b.1900)
  • Lucy Maud Montgomery,Canadian writer (b.1874)
• April 25–Zygmunt Kisielewski,Polish writer (b.1882)
• April 30–Lilian Whiting,American writer and editor (b.1847)

May

Thorvald Stauning

José Abad Santos

John Barrymore

• May 1–José Abad Santos,Filipino chief justice of theSupreme Court(b.1886)
• May 3–Thorvald Stauning,9thPrime Minister of Denmark(b.1873)
• May 4–Józef Czempiel,PolishRoman Catholicpriest, martyr and blessed (b.1883)
• May 5–Habib Pacha Es-Saad,3rd Prime Minister and 2nd President of Lebanon (b.1867)
• May 7–Felix Weingartner,Austrian conductor (b.1863)
• May 9–Graham McNamee,American radio announcer (b.1888)
• May 10–Joe Weber,American vaudevillian (b.1867)
• May 11–Sakutarō Hagiwara,Japanese poet and writer (b.1886)
• May 12–Hannu Hannuksela,Finnish general (b.1893)
• May 14–Frank Churchill,American composer (b.1901)
• May 16
  • Kaneko Kentarō,Japanese diplomat and statesman (b.1853)
  • Bronisław Malinowski,Polish anthropologist (b.1884)
  • Maria Michał Kowalski,Polish priest and blessed (b.1871)
• May 19–A. E. Waite,British occultist (b.1857)
• May 20
  • John D. Craddock,American politician (b.1881)
  • Charles E. Dietrich,American politician (b.1889)
  • John Goodall,English footballer (b.1863)
• May 22
  • Stjepan Filipović,Yugoslav national hero (b.1916)
  • Tateo Katō,Japanese fighter ace (b.1903)
• May 24–Ivan Horbachevsky,Austrian chemist and politician (b.1854)
• May 25–Emanuel Feuermann,Austrian cellist (b.1902)
• May 27–Chen Duxiu,General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (b.1879)
• May 29
  • John Barrymore,American actor (b.1882)
  • Akiko Yosano,Japanese author and poet (b.1878)
• May 30–Félix Cadras,French lace designer and militant (b.1906)

June

Reinhard Heydrich

Frank Irons

Pope John XIX of Alexandria

• June 4
  • Eusebio Ayala,29thPresident of Paraguay(1921–23, 1932–36) (b.1875)
  • Reinhard Heydrich,headed the Nazi Reich Main Security Office and was Reich governor of Bohemia and Moravia (b.1904)
  • Eugene E. Lindsey,United States Navy officer (b.1905)
• June 5
  • Virginia Lee Corbin,American actress (b.1910)
  • Tamon Yamaguchi,Japanese admiral, killed in action at theBattle of Midway(b.1892)
  • Ryusaku Yanagimoto,Japanese rear admiral, killed in action at theBattle of Midway(b.1894)
• June 7–Alan Blumlein,British electronics engineer (b.1903)
• June 11
  • Charles Berthézenne,French politician (b.1871)
  • Michael Kitzelmann,German army officer (b.1916)
• June 14–Fyodor Braun,Soviet-born German scholar (b.1862)
• June 18
  • Jozef Gabčík,Slovak soldier and resistance fighter, a member of the team part ofOperation Anthropoid(b.1912)
  • David Hawthorne,British actor (b.1888)
  • Jan Kubiš,Czech soldier and resistance fighter, a member of the team part ofOperation Anthropoid(b.1913)
  • Adolf Opálka,Czech soldier and resistance fighter, a member of the team part ofOperation Anthropoid(b.1915)
  • Josef Valčík,Czech soldier and resistance fighter, a member of the team part ofOperation Anthropoid(b.1914)
• June 19
  • Ahmad II of Tunis,Ruler of Tunisia (b.1862)
  • Alois Eliáš,Czech general and politician (b.1890)
  • Frank Irons,American Olympic athlete (b.1886)
• June 21–Pope John XIX of Alexandria(b.1855)
• June 22–Branko Kadia, Jordan Misja and Perlat Rexhepi,Albanian student activists
• June 23–William Couper,American sculptor (b.1853)
• June 25–Arthur Anderson,Australian architect (b.1868)
• June 26
  • John Gary Evans,American politician (b.1863)
  • Stanisław Skarżyński,Polish army officer (b.1899)
  • Gene Stack,1st American major league baseball player to be drafted duringWorld War IIas well as the first to die in service (b.1920)
• June 30
  • Billy Bennett,American actor (b.1887)
  • William Henry Jackson,American photographer (b.1843)

July

Refik Saydam

SaintPauline of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus

Joaquín Sánchez de Toca

Roberto Maria Ortiz

Titus Brandsma

Louis Borno

Leopold Mandić

• July 1
  • Peadar Toner Mac Fhionnlaoich,Irish-language writer (b.1857)
  • Bolesław Wieniawa-Długoszowski,Polish general, diplomat and politician, InterimPresident of Poland(b.1881)
• July 2
  • Rudi Čajavec,Yugoslav poet (b.1911)
  • Joseph Domachowski,American politician (b.1872)
• July 4–Józef Kowalski,PolishRoman Catholicpriest and blessed (b.1911)
• July 8
  • Louis Franchet d'Espèrey,French general (b.1856)
  • Refik Saydam,4thPrime Minister of Turkey(b.1881)
• July 9
  • Kelly Harrell,American surburbia musician (b.1889)
  • Pauline of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus,BrazilianRoman Catholicreligious sister and saint (b.1865)
• July 12–Mary Hayden,Irish historian and activist (b.1862)
• July 13–Joaquín Sánchez de Toca,Spanish conservative politician andPrime Minister of Spain(b.1852)
• July 14–Sébastien Faure,French anarchist and activist (b.1858)
• July 15
  • Wenceslao Vinzons,Filipino politician and resistance leader (bayoneted to death) (b.1910)
  • Roberto María Ortiz,24thPresident of Argentina(b.1886)
• July 16–Sir Alfred Flux,British economist and statistician (b.1867)
• July 17–Tinus de Jongh,South African painter (b.1885)
• July 18
  • George Beeby,Australian politician, judge and author (b.1869)
  • George Sutherland,British-born American Supreme Court Justice (b.1862)
• July 21–Anton Mervar,Slovenian button accordion manufacturer (b.1885)
• July 23
  • Arístides Chavier Arévalo,Puerto Rican composer and pianist (b.1867)
  • Adam Czerniaków,Polish engineer and senator (suicide) (b.1880)
• July 24–Edwin Cooper,British architect (b.1874)
• July 25–Tom Reynolds,British actor (b.1866)
• July 26
  • Roberto Arlt,Argentine writer (b.1900)
  • Titus Brandsma,DutchDiscalced Carmelitefriar,Roman Catholicpriest and blessed (b.1881)
• July 27
  • Karl Pärsimägi,Estonianfauvistpainter (b.1902)
  • Georgy Safarov,Bolshevikrevolutionary and politician (b.1891)
• July 28–Sir Flinders Petrie,British Egyptologist (b.1853)
• July 29–Louis Borno,Haitian lawyer and politician, 28thPresident of Haiti(b.1865)
• July 30
  • Jimmy Blanton,American bassist (b.1918)
  • Leopold Mandić,YugoslavCapuchin friarandRoman Catholicpriest and saint (b.1866)
• July 31
  • Jožka Jabůrková,Czechoslovakan journalist, writer and translator (b.1896)
  • Sir Francis Younghusband,British explorer and army officer (b.1863)

August

Richard Willstätter

SaintTeresa Benedicta of the Cross

Prince George, Duke of Kent

• August 3
  • Franciszka Arnsztajnowa,Polish poet and playwright (b.1865)
  • James Cruze,American actor and director (b.1884)
  • Guglielmo Ferrero,Italian historian, journalist and novelist (b.1871)
  • Gustav Indrebø,Norwegian philologist (b.1889)
  • Richard Willstätter,German chemist,Nobel Prizelaureate (b.1872)
• August 7
  • Louis J. Carpellotti,American marine (b.1918)
  • Charles E. Ford,American film director and producer (b.1899)
  • Janusz Korczak,Polish educator, author and pediatrician (b.1878)
• August 8–Leopold Janikowski,Polish explorer and ethnographer (b.1855)
• August 9–Terea Benedicta of the Cross,German philosopher,Roman Catholicnun, martyr and saint (assassinated) (b.1891)
• August 10–Kazimierz Dembowski,PolishRoman Catholicclergyman and martyr (b.1912)
• August 11–Sabina Spielrein,Russian physician and psychoanalyst (b.1885)
• August 12
  • Pasquale Amato,Italian baritone (b.1878)
  • Mykola Burachek,Soviet painter (b.1871)
  • Phillips Holmes,American actor (b.1907)
• August 13
  • Jorge Cuesta,Mexican chemist, writer and editor (b.1903)
  • Elina González Acha de Correa Morales,Argentinian educator, scientist and activist (b.1861)
• August 15–Mahadev Desai,Indian independence activist and writer (b.1892)
• August 16–André Heuzé,French director, screenwriter and playwright (b.1880)
• August 18
  • Agathe Lasch,German philologist (b.1879)
  • Henry DeWitt Hamilton,American general (b.1863)
• August 19–Heinrich Rauchinger,Polish-born Austrian painter (b.1858)
• August 21–Kiyonao Ichiki,Japanese army officer (killed in action) (b.1892)
• August 22–Michel Fokine,Soviet choreographer and dancer (b.1880)
• August 23
  • Jorge Colaço,Portuguese painter (b.1868)
  • Franciszek Dachtera,PolishRoman Catholicpriest, martyr and blessed (b.1910)
• August 24
  • Doyle Clayton Barnes,American naval aviator (b.1912)
  • Edward Kaźmierski,PolishRoman Catholicpriest, martyr and blessed (b.1919)
• August 25
  • Prince George, Duke of Kent,4th eldest son ofGeorge V(b.1902)
  • Józef Lewartowski,Polish politician and revolutionary (b.1895)
• August 26–Irena Bernášková,Czechoslovakian journalist and resistance member (b.1904)
• August 27–Lev Nussimbaum,Russian and Azerbaijani novelist (b.1905)
• August 28–Archduke Joseph Ferdinand of Austria(b.1872)
• August 29
  • Charles Urban,American film producer (b.1867)
  • Fabio Fiallo,Dominican writer, poet and politician (b.1866)
  • Dominik Jędrzejewski,PolishRoman Catholicpriest, martyr and blessed (b.1886)
• August 30–Martin Kirschner,German surgeon (b.1869)

September

BlessedAdam Bargielski

BlessedBronisław Kostkowski

• September 1–Clotilde Apponyi,Hungarian women's rights activist and diplomat (b.1867)
• September 3–Rubén Ruiz Ibárruri,Spanish communist leader (b.1920)
• September 4–Herbert A. Calcaterra,American navy sailor (b.1920)
• September 5–François de Labouchère,French pilot (b.1917)
• September 7–Cecilia Beaux,American portraitist (b.1855)
• September 8–Adam Bargielski,PolishRoman Catholicpriest, martyr and blessed (b.1903)
• September 9–Adele Kurzweil,Austrian Holocaust victim (b.1925)
• September 14
  • SisterFausta Labrador,FilipinoRoman Catholicnun and Servant of God (b.1858)
  • E. S. Gosney,American philanthropist and eugenicist (b.1855)
• September 20–Kanaklata Barua,Indian freedom fighter (b.1924)
• September 27
  • Fernando Díaz de Mendoza y Guerrero,Spanish actor (b.1897)
  • Bronisław Kostkowski,PolishRoman Catholicpriest, martyr and blessed (b.1915)
• September 29–Matangini Hazra,Indian revolutionary (shot) (b.1870)
• September 30
  • Hans-Joachim Marseille,German World War II fighter ace (b.1919)
  • Leonīds Breikšs,Latvian poet, journalist and patriot (b.1908)
  • William V. Pacelli,American politician (b.1893)

October

BlessedMaria Antonina Kratochwil

• October 1–Ants Piip,7thPrime Ministerand 1stState Elder of Estonia(b.1884)
• October 3
  • Ludwik Ćwikliński,Prussian philologist and professor (b.1853)
  • Olaf Huseby,Norwegian-born American publisher (b.1856)
• October 5–Giuseppe Cassioli,Italian painter and sculptor (b.1865)
• October 6
  • Lorenzo Aguirre,Spanish painter (b.1884)
  • Wacław Wąsowicz,Polish painter (b.1891)
• October 7–Maria Antonina Kratochwil,PolishRoman Catholicnun, martyr and blessed (b.1881)
• October 8–Effie Ellsler,American actress (b.1855)
• October 9–William T. Hanna,American marine (b.1920)
• October 10–Arnold Majewski,Finnish military hero of Polish descent (killed in action) (b.1892)
• October 12–Aritomo Gotō,Japanese admiral (killed in action) (b.1888)
• October 13–Hong Yi,born Li Shutong, Chinese Buddhist artist, art teacher (b.1880)
• October 15– DameMarie Tempest,British actress (b.1864)
• October 16–Leopold Poetsch,Austrian history teacher, high school teacher ofAdolf HitlerandAdolf Eichmann(b.1853)
• October 18–Federico Ferrari Orsi,Italian army officer (b.1886)
• October 19–Paul Nikolaus Cossmann,German journalist (b.1869)
• October 20–May Robson,Australian actress (b.1858)
• October 22–Staf De Clercq,Belgian collaborator and nationalist (b.1884)
• October 23–Ralph Rainger,American composer and songwriter (b.1901)
• October 24
  • Dimitri Amilakhvari,French military officer (b.1906)
  • St John Hutchinson,British barrister and politician (b.1884)
  • James C. Morton,American actor (b.1884)
• October 26–William Finnemann,FilipinoRoman Catholicpriest, archbishop and servant of God (b.1882)
• October 27–Helmuth Hübener,German youth political activist against theHitlerregime (executed) (b.1925)
• October 28–Alexander von Dassel,German magistrate (b.1854)
• October 31–Emilio Caldara,Italian politician (b.1868)

November

Prince Heinrich XXXIII Reuss of Köstritz

Hernando Siles Reyes

Mohammad Ali Foroughi

• November 1–Hugo Distler,German composer (b.1908)
• November 2–Elihu Grant,American scholar and writer (b.1873)
• November 3
  • Eric Abrahamsson,Swedish actor (b.1890)
  • Amédé Ardoin,American musician (b.1898)
• November 5
  • George M. Cohan,American songwriter and entertainer (b.1878)
  • Kiyoura Keigo,Prime Minister of Japan (b.1850)
• November 9–Edna May Oliver,American actress (b.1883)
• November 11
  • Hector Abbas,Dutch actor (b.1884)
  • Merton Beckwith-Smith,British army officer (b.1890)
• November 12–Laura Hope Crews,American actress (b.1879)
• November 13
  • Daniel J. Callaghan,American admiral and Medal of Honor recipient (b.1890)
  • Norman Scott,American admiral and Medal of Honor recipient (b.1889)
• November 15–Prince Heinrich XXXIII Reuss of Köstritz(b.1879)
• November 16–Joseph Schmidt,Polish tenor (b.1904)
• November 19
  • Ilya Fondaminsky,Soviet author (b.1880)
  • Bruno Schulz,Polish writer and painter (shot) (b.1892)
• November 21
  • Count Leopold Berchtold,Austro-Hungarian foreign minister (b.1863)
  • J. B. M. Hertzog,Boer General and 3rd Prime Minister of South Africa (b.1866)
• November 23
  • Tomitarō Horii,Japanese general (b.1890)
  • Hernando Siles Reyes,Bolivian politician, 31stPresident of Bolivia(b.1882)
• November 24
  • Guido Masiero,Italian World War I flying ace and aviation pioneer (b.1895)
  • Francesco Agello,Italian aviator (b.1902)
• November 25–Mihail Dragomirescu,Romanian aesthetician, theorist and critic (b.1868)
• November 26
  • Mohammad Ali Foroughi,Iranian diplomat, politician, teacher and writer, 3-timePrime Minister of Iran(b.1877)
  • Sigtryggur Jonasson,Canadian politician (b.1852)
• November 27–Hermann Harms,German botanist (b.1870)
• November 28–Marceli Nowotko,Polish activist (b.1893)
• November 29–William Stamps Farish II,American pioneer (b.1881)
• November 30–Buck Jones,American actor (b.1891)

December

François Darlan

• December 1
  • Teddy Sheean,Royal Australian Navy sailor, killed in action at theBattle of Timor(b.1923)
  • Leon Wachholz,Polish scientist and medical examiner (b.1867)
• December 3–Wilhelm Junk,Czechoslovakian natural historian, bibliographer and entomologist (b.1866)
• December 5–Richard Tucker,American actor (b.1884)
• December 6
  • Karl Herxheimer,German dermatologist (b.1861)
  • Amos Rusie,American baseball player andMLB Hall of Famer(b.1871)
• December 7–Orland Steen Loomis,Governor of Wisconsin (b.1893)
• December 8
  • Prince Eitel Friedrich of Prussia(b.1883)
  • Albert Kahn,American architect (b.1869)
• December 9–Séraphine Louis,French painter (b.1864)
• December 12
  • Robert Danneberg,Austrian politician (b.1882)
  • Helen Westley,American actress (b.1875)
• December 13
  • Hakeem Fateh Mohammad Sehwani,Indian scholar, poet, literary, journalist and politician (b.1882)
  • Wlodimir Ledóchowski,PolishJesuitpriest and servant of God (b.1866)
• December 17–Edith Pretty,British landowner (b.1883)
• December 19–Carl Gustav Fleischer,Norwegian general (b.1883)
• December 21–Franz Boas,German anthropologist (b.1858)
• December 22
  • Robert Kosch,Prussian general (b.1856)
  • Richard-Heinrich von Reuss,German General,KIAat Stalingrad (b,1896).
• December 23–Konstantin Balmont,Soviet poet and translator (b.1867)
• December 24–François Darlan,French admiral and politician, 81stPrime Minister of France(assassinated) (b.1881)
• December 27–William G. Morgan,American inventor of volleyball (b.1870)
• December 30–Sir Neville Henderson,British diplomat (b.1882)