1948

1948

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Clockwise, from top left:Israeli Declaration of Independence;British Foreign SecretaryErnest Bevinsigning theTreaty of Brussels;The1948 Summer Olympicsopens inLondon,United Kingdom;The trial of persons accused of participation and complicity in theAssassination of Mahatma Gandhi;a damaged building after the1948 Fukui earthquake;an AustralianAvro Lincolnbomber dropping 500 lb (230 kg) bombs in theMalayan Emergency;Pro-Communist demonstrations before the1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état;West Berliners watch aDouglas C-54 Skymasterland atTempelhof Airportin theBerlin Blockade.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	19th century 20th century 21st century
Decades:	1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s
Years:	1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951

1948 in variouscalendars

Gregorian calendar	1948 MCMXLVIII
Ab urbe condita	2701
Armenian calendar	1397 ԹՎ ՌՅՂԷ
Assyrian calendar	6698
Baháʼí calendar	104–105
Balinese saka calendar	1869–1870
Bengali calendar	1355
Berber calendar	2898
British Regnal year	12Geo. 6– 13Geo. 6
Buddhist calendar	2492
Burmese calendar	1310
Byzantine calendar	7456–7457
Chinese calendar	Đinh HợiNăm (FirePig) 4645 or 4438 — to — Mậu tử năm (EarthRat) 4646 or 4439
Coptic calendar	1664–1665
Discordian calendar	3114
Ethiopian calendar	1940–1941
Hebrew calendar	5708–5709
Hindu calendars
-Vikram Samvat	2004–2005
-Shaka Samvat	1869–1870
-Kali Yuga	5048–5049
Holocene calendar	11948
Igbo calendar	948–949
Iranian calendar	1326–1327
Islamic calendar	1367–1368
Japanese calendar	Shōwa23 ( chiêu cùng ２３ năm )
Javanese calendar	1879–1880
Juche calendar	37
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar	4281
Minguo calendar	ROC37 Dân quốc 37 năm
Nanakshahi calendar	480
Thai solar calendar	2491
Tibetan calendar	Âm hỏa heo năm (female Fire-Pig) 2074 or 1693 or 921 — to — Dương thổ chuột năm (male Earth-Rat) 2075 or 1694 or 922

1948(MCMXLVIII) was aleap year starting on Thursdayof theGregorian calendar,the 1948th year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 948th year of the2nd millennium,the 48th year of the20th century,and the 9th year of the1940sdecade.

Events

January

Main article:January 1948

• January 1
  • TheGeneral Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT) is inaugurated.
  • TheConstitution of New Jersey(later subject to amendment) goes into effect.
  • The railways of Britain are nationalized, to formBritish Railways.
• January 4–Burmagains its independence from the United Kingdom, becoming an independent republic, named the 'Union of Burma',withSao Shwe Thaikas its first President andU Nuits first Prime Minister.
• January 5– In the United States:
  • Warner Brothersshows the first colornewsreel(Tournament of Roses Paradeand theRose Bowl Game).
  • The firstKinsey Report,Sexual Behavior in the Human Male,is published.
• January 7–Mantell UFO incident:Kentucky Air National Guardpilot Thomas Mantell crashes while in pursuit of anunidentified flying object.
• January 12–Mahatma Gandhibegins his fast-unto-death inDelhi,to stop communal violence during thePartition of India.
• January 17– A truce is declared between nationalist Indonesian and Dutch troops inJava.
• January 22– British foreign secretaryErnest Bevinproposes the formation of a Western Union between Britain, France and theBeneluxcountries to stand up against the Soviet Union. TheTreaty of Brusselsis signedMarch 17as a consequence, a predecessor toNATO.
• January 26– Teigin poison case: a man masquerading as a doctor poisons 12 of 16 bank employees of the Tokyo branch of Imperial Bank and takes the money; artistSadamichi Hirasawais later sentenced to death for the crime, but is never executed.
• January 29–A DC-3 aircraft crash at Los Gatos Creek,nearCoalinga, California,kills 4 US citizens and 28 deportees, commemorated in a protest song ( "Deportee (Plane Wreck at Los Gatos)") byWoody Guthrie.
• January 30
  • Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi:Indian pacifist and leaderMahatma Gandhiis shot byNathuram GodseinNew Delhi.
  • The1948 Winter Olympicsopen inSt Moritz,Switzerland.
• January 31– The Britishcrown colonyof theMalayan Union,PenangandMalaccaform theFederation of Malaya.

February

Main article:February 1948

• February 1
  • TheSoviet Unionbegins to jamVoice of Americabroadcasts.
  • TheFederation of Malayais proclaimed.
• February 4–Ceylon(later known asSri Lanka) becomes an independent country, within theBritish Commonwealthcontinuing to adoptKing George VIas theKing of Ceylon.
• February 11– GeneralDouglas GraceybecomesCommander-in-chiefofPakistan Army.
• February 16–Miranda,innermost of the largemoons of Uranus,is discovered byGerard Kuiper.
• February 18–Éamon de Valera,Irish head of government from 1918 to 1932, loses power to an opposition coalition.John A. Costellois appointedTaoiseachby PresidentSeán T. O'Kelly,until1960.
• February 19– TheConference of Youth and Students of Southeast Asia Fighting for Freedom and Independenceconvenes inCalcutta.
• February 21– The United Statesstock car racingorganizationNASCARis founded byBill France Sr.with other drivers.
• February 22– The first of theBen Yehuda Street bombingsin Jerusalem kills between 49 and 58 civilians and injures between 140 and 200.
• February 25–1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état:Edvard Beneš,President of Czechoslovakia,cedes control of the country to theCommunist Party,a day celebrated by that regime as "Victorious February"(Czech:Vítězný únor;Slovak:Víťazný Február) untilNovember 1989.
• February 28
  • Accra Riots:Riots take place inAccra,capital of the British colony ofGold Coast,when a peaceful protest march by ex-servicemen is broken up by police, leaving several members of the group dead, among them Sergeant Adjetey, one of the leaders.
  • The2nd Congress of the Communist Party of Indiaconvenes inCalcutta.

March

Main article:March 1948

• March 8–McCollum v. Board of Education:TheUnited States Supreme Courtrules that religious instruction in public schools violates theU.S. Constitution.
• March 12– TheCosta Rican Civil Warbegins.
• March 17
  • TheTreaty of Brusselsis signed by Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, providing for economic, social and cultural collaboration and collective self-defence.
  • TheHells Angelsmotorcycle gang is founded inCalifornia.
• March 18– The Round Table Conference convenes inThe Hague,Netherlands, to prepare the decolonization process for the Caribbean island ofArubaand the other Dutch Colonies. Aruba presents the mandate of the Aruban People for Aruba to become an independent country, under the sovereignty of the House of Orange, based on Aruba's first state constitution presented officially since August 1947, and a (4th) member state of the future Dutch Commonwealth.
• March 20
  • Singaporeholds its first elections.
  • Renowned Italian conductorArturo Toscaninimakes his television debut, conducting theNBC Symphony Orchestrain an all-Wagnerprogram in the United States.
  • The20th Academy AwardsCeremony is held in Los Angeles.Gentleman's Agreementwins theAcademy Award for Best Picture.

April

Main article:April 1948

• April– Children's Bargain Town, a predecessor oftoyand child-relatedretailerToys "R" Us,is founded inWashington, D.C.,United States.
• April 1– PhysicistsRalph Asher AlpherandGeorge Gamowpublish theAlpher–Bethe–Gamow paper,about theBig Bang.
• April 3
  • United States PresidentHarry S. Trumansigns theMarshall Plan,which authorizes $5 billion in aid for 16 countries.
  • Jeju Uprising:Residents revolt onJeju island,South Korea, eventually leading to the deaths of between 14,000 and 30,000.
  • Beethoven's Symphony No. 9is played on television in its entirety for the first time, in a series of concerts featuringArturo Toscaniniconducting theNBC Symphony Orchestrain the United States. The chorus is conducted byRobert Shaw.
• April 5–1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine:Haganah launchesOperation Nachshon,provoking the1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight.
• April 7– TheWorld Health Organizationis established by the United Nations.
• April 9
  • Liberal politicianJorge Eliécer Gaitán's assassination provokes a violent riot inBogotá(theBogotazo) and a further 10 years of violence (La Violencia) across Colombia.
  • TheDeir Yassin massacretakes place in BritishMandatory Palestine.
• April 13– TheHadassah medical convoy massacretakes place, in BritishMandatory Palestine.
• April 16– TheOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Developmentis founded, as the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC).
• April 18–Italian general election, 1948:The first democratic general election withuniversal suffrageis held in Italy. TheChristian Democracyparty achieves a majority over thePopular Democratic FrontCommunist-Socialist coalition.
• April 19
  • Burmajoins the United Nations.
  • TheAmerican Broadcasting Company(otherwise known as ABC) begins television services, on WFIL-TV inPhiladelphia(laterWPVI-TV).
• April 22
  • Civil War in Mandatory Palestine:Battle of Haifa– Jewish paramilitary groupHaganahcapturesHaifafrom theArab Liberation Army.
  • WTVRbegins television services. WTVR is the first TV station south of Washington D.C., giving it the nickname "The South's First Television station".
• April 23– FirstNational Games of Pakistanheld inKarachi.
• April 24– TheCosta Rican Civil Warends.
• April 30
  • TheOrganization of American States(OAS) is founded.
  • The English-builtLand Roveris unveiled at the Amsterdam Motor Show.

May

Main article:May 1948

• May– TheRAND Corporationis established, as an independent nonprofit policy research and analysis institution, in the United States.
• May 9–Solar eclipse of May 9, 1948:An annular solar eclipse is visible in Japan and South Korea, and is the 32nd solar eclipse ofSolar Saros 137.This eclipse is very short, lasting just 0.3 seconds. The path width is just about 200 meters wide (approximately 218 yards).
• May 11–Luigi EinaudibecomesPresident of the Italian Republic.

Israeli Declaration of Independence,1948

• May 14– TheIsraeli Declaration of Independenceis made.David Ben-Gurionbecomes the first prime minister, a provisional position that will become formalized on February 14, 1949.
• May 15
  • 1948 Arab–Israeli War:TheBritish Mandate of Palestineis officially terminated; expeditionary forces fromEgypt,Transjordan,SyriaandIraqinvadeIsraeland clash with Israeli forces.
  • Themurder of June Anne Devaneya 3-year-old girl inBlackburn,England. To solve the crime, officers took 46,253 sets offingerprintsbefore identifying her murderer.
  • Australian cricket team in England in 1948:The touringAustraliansset an all-timefirst-classrecord, by scoring 721 runs in a day againstEssex.
• May 16
  • Chaim Weizmannis elected as the firstPresident of Israel
  • New York City Fire DepartmentRescue 5 is founded forStaten Island.
• May 18– The firstLegislative Yuanof theRepublic of Chinaofficially convenes inNanjing.
• May 22– The Soviets launchOperation Vesna,the largest Lithuanian deportation to Siberia.
• May 25– The United Church of Christ in the Philippines (UCCP) is founded at Ellinwood Malate Church in Manila.
• May 26– TheUnited States Congresspasses Public Law 557 which permanently establishes theCivil Air Patrolas the auxiliary of theUnited States Air Force.
• May 28–Daniel François MalandefeatsJan Smutsand becomes Prime Minister of South Africa, which starts the era ofapartheid(which is finally dismantled byF. W. de Klerkin1994).
• May 29– TheCasimir effectis predicted by Dutch physicistHendrik Casimir.
• May 30– A dike along theColumbia Riverbreaks, obliteratingVanport, Oregon,within minutes; 15 people die and tens of thousands are left homeless.

June

Main article:June 1948

• June 1–Puma,a globalsports goodsbrand, is founded inBavaria,West Germany,byRudolf Dassler,having split from his brother "Adi".
• June 3– ThePalomar Observatorytelescope is finished in California.
• June 10–Hasan Sakaforms the new government of Turkey. (17th government; Hasan Saka had served twice as a prime minister)
• June 11– The firstmonkey astronaut,Albert I, is launched into space from White Sands, New Mexico.
• June 15– Chinese newspaperRenmin Ribao(People's Daily) is first published in Beijing, China.
• June 17–United Airlines Flight 624,aDouglas DC-6,crashes nearMount Carmel, Pennsylvania,killing 43 and injuring 84 people on board.
• June 18
  • Malayan Emergency:Astate of emergencyis declared in theFederation of Malaya,due to a communist insurgency.
  • Columbia Records introduces its33+1⁄3rpmlong playing phonographformat.
• June 20– TheU.S. Congressrecesses for the remainder of 1948, after an overtime session closes at 7:00 a.m. (to be shortly interrupted by Truman's recall from Congressional recess for July 20, 1948).
• June 21
  • TheDeutsche Markbecomes the official currency of the futureFederal Republic of Germany.
  • TheManchester Babybecomes the firststored-program computerto successfully execute a program.
• June 22
  • The shipHMTEmpire Windrushbrings more than 800 Afro-Caribbean immigrants toTilburynear London, the start of a large wave of immigration to Britain.
  • David Lean'sOliver Twist,based onCharles Dickens's famous novel, premieres in the UK. It is banned for 3 years in the U.S., because of allegedantisemitismin depicting master criminalFagin,played byAlec Guinness.

AC-54 Skymasterlanding atBerlin Tempelhof Airport

• June 24
  • Cold War:TheBerlin Blockadebegins.
  • The firstWorld Health Assemblyof theWorld Health Organizationis held in Geneva.
• June 26
  • William Shockleyfiles the original patent for thegrown-junction transistor,the firstbipolar junction transistor.
  • TheBerlin Airliftbegins.
• June 28
  • TheCominformResolution marks the beginning of theInformbiro periodinYugoslaviaand theSoviet/Yugoslav split.
  • The 6.8M_wFukui earthquakestrikesFukui,Japan; 3,769 are killed, 22,203 injured.
  • Lotte Group,a globalconglomerateinNortheast Asia(South KoreaandJapan), is founded.

July

Main article:July 1948

• July 5– TheNational Health Servicein the United Kingdom begins functioning, giving the right to universal healthcare, free at point of use.
• July 6– The world's first Air Car-ferry service is flown by a Bristol Freighter of Silver City Airways, fromLympnetoLe Touquetacross theEnglish Channel.
• July 13– TheCoptic Orthodox Church of AlexandriaandEthiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Churchesreach an agreement, leading to the promotion of the Ethiopian church to the rank of an autocephalousPatriarchate.Fivebishopsare immediately consecrated by thePatriarch of Alexandriaand the successor to Abuna Qerellos IV is granted the power to consecrate new bishops, who are empowered to elect a new Patriarch for their church.
• July 14– The attempted assassination ofPalmiro Togliatti,general secretary of theItalian Communist Party,results in numerous strikes all over the country.
• July 15– The first London chapter ofAlcoholics Anonymousis founded.
• July 16– Three armed men hijack theCathay Pacificpassenger planeMiss Macaoand shoot the pilot; the plane crashes, killing 26 of 27 people on board.
• July 20–Cold War:
  • PresidentHarry S. Trumanissues the second peacetimemilitary draftin the United States, amid increasing tensions with theSoviet Union(the first peacetime draft occurred in 1940 under President Roosevelt)
  • Eugene Dennis,William Z. Fosterand ten otherCommunist Party USAleaders are arrested and charged under theAlien Registration Act.
• July 22– TheDominion of Newfoundlandvotes to join Canada, after areferendum.
• July 26– U.S. President Truman signsExecutive Order 9981,endingracial segregationin theUnited States Armed Forces.
• July 28– Around 200 die in an explosion at a chemical plant inLudwigshafen,Germany.
• July 29– The1948 Summer Olympicsbegin in London, the first since the1936 Summer Olympicsin Berlin.
• July 31
  • At Idlewild Field in New York, New York International Airport (later renamedJohn F. Kennedy International Airport) is dedicated.
  • American defectorElizabeth Bentley,previously working on behalf of the Soviet Union, appears under subpoena before theHouse Un-American Activities Committee(HUAC) of theUnited States House of Representativesregarding Communist espionage; she implicatesWhittaker Chambers.
• July–October –Claude E. Shannonpublishes "A Mathematical Theory of Communication"inBell System Technical Journal(US), regarded as a foundation ofinformation theoryand all modern digital communications and adopting the termBit.

August

Main article:August 1948

• August 3–Whittaker Chambersappears under subpoena before theHUACand alleges that several former U.S. Federal officials were communists, includingHarry Dexter WhiteandAlger Hiss.
• August 5–Alger Hissappears before theHUAC,to deny the allegations ofWhittaker Chambers.
• August 10–23– TheHerrenchiemsee conventionprepares the draft for theBasic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany.
• August 12–Babrra massacre:About 600 unarmed members of theKhudai Khidmatgarmovement are shot dead on the orders of the Chief Minister of theNorth-West Frontier Province,Abdul Qayyum KhanKashmiri, on Babrra ground in theHashtnagarregion ofCharsadda District,North-West Frontier Province (modern-dayKhyber Pakhtunkhwa),Pakistan.
• August 13–Harry Dexter WhiteandDonald Hissrefute allegations ofCommunismbyWhittaker Chambers,before theHUAC.
• August 14–1948 Ashes series:AustralianbatsmanDon Bradman,playing his lastTest cricketmatch, against England atThe Oval,is bowled byEric Holliesfor aduck(leaving his career Testbatting averageat 99.94); however,"The Invincibles"win the match by aninningsand 149 runs, andThe Ashes4–0.
• August 14–Beaver dropaIdaho Department of Fish and Gameprogram to relocatebeaversfrom Northwestern Idaho to theChamberlain Basinin Central Idaho. The program involved parachuting beavers into the Chamberlain Basin.
• August 15– The southern half of Korea is established as theRepublic of Korea (South Korea).
• August 17– TheHUACholds a private session betweenAlger HissandWhittaker Chambers.
• August 18– TheDanube Commissionis created by theBelgradeConvention (enters into force11 May1949).
• August 19–Toho strikes:Asitdown strikeatTohofilm studio inTokyoended after the studio was surrounded by 2,000 police and a platoon ofU.S. Eighth Armysoldiers.
• August 20–Lee Pressman,Nathan WittandJohn Abt,represented byHarold I. Cammer,plead theFifth Amendment,in response to allegations of Communism byWhittaker Chambersbefore theHUAC.
• August 23– TheWorld Council of Churchesis established inAmsterdam,the Netherlands.
• August 24– The first meeting of the charter members of the American Chamber of Commerce in Japan (ACCJ) is held.
• August 25– TheHUACholds its first-ever televised congressional hearing, featuring "Confrontation Day" betweenWhittaker ChambersandAlger Hiss.
• August 27–Whittaker Chambersstates thatAlger Hisswas a communist onMeet the Pressradio.

September

Main article:September 1948

• September 4– QueenWilhelmina of the Netherlandsabdicates for health reasons.
• September 5–Robert Schumanbecomes Prime Minister of France.
• September 6–Julianais formallyinauguratedto succeed her mother, as queen regnant of the Netherlands.
• September 9– The northern half of Korea is formally declared theDemocratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea),withKim Il Sungas prime minister.
• September 11–Muhammad Ali Jinnah,founder and firstGovernor-General of Pakistan,dies. Pakistan is in a state of shock as it mourns the departure of the father of the nation. The day is apublic holidaynationwide.
• September 13–18–Indian annexation of Hyderabad( "Operation Polo" ): Theprincely stateofHyderabadis invaded by theIndian Armed Forcesin a "police action",in the aftermath of Pakistani leaderJinnah's death. TheNizam of Hyderabadsurrenders his state, which is amalgamated into the newly independentDominion of India;thousands are killed as a result of this event.
• September 13–Margaret Chase Smithis elected United States Senator, becoming the first woman to serve in both theU.S. House Of Representativesand the United States Senate.
• September 17–Lehimembers, also known as the Stern Gang, assassinate Swedish countFolke Bernadotte,United Nations Mediator in Palestine, in Jerusalem.
• September 18– An inaugural motor race is held atGoodwood Circuit,West Sussex, England.
• September 20– The city ofRabwahis established in Pakistan.
• September 27–Alger Hissfiles a slander suit againstWhittaker Chambers,for his August 27 radio statement in the United States.
• September 29–Laurence Olivier's film ofHamletopens in the U.S.

October

Main article:October 1948

• October 5– The International Union for the Protection of Nature (later known as theInternational Union for Conservation of Nature,IUCN) is established inFontainebleau,France.
• October 6–1948 Ashgabat earthquake:A 7.3M_searthquake nearAshgabat,Soviet Turkmenistankills 10,000–110,000.
• October 10– TheR-1 missileon test becomes the firstSovietlaunch to enter space.
• October 16– The57th Street Art Fairin Chicago, the oldest juried art fair in the American Midwest, is founded.
• October 20–Brandeis Universityis formally founded inMassachusetts.
• October 26–Donora Smog of 1948:A killer smog settles intoDonora, Pennsylvania.
• October 29–1948 Arab–Israeli War:Massacres of Palestinian Arab villagers by theIsrael Defense Forces:
  • Al-Dawayima massacre:Between 30 and 145 are killed.
  • Safsaf massacre:At least 52 are killed.
• October 30–Gozoluzzudisaster:Aluzzufishing boat overloaded with passengers capsizes and sinks in theGozo ChanneloffQala,Gozo,Malta,killing 23 of the 27 people on board.

November

Main article:November 1948

• November 1
  • TheFoley Square trialofEugene Dennisand ten otherCPUSAleaders begins, in New York City.
  • Athenagoras Iis elected the 268thEcumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.
  • A boiler and ammunition explosion aboard a merchant ship evacuating troops of theRepublic of China ArmyfromYingkou,China forTaiwancauses thousands of deaths.

• 

  Truman hold upsan erroneous bannerheadline of theChicago Daily Tribune.

  November 2–1948 United States presidential election:Democratic incumbentHarry S. Trumandefeats RepublicanThomas E. Dewey,"Dixiecrat"Strom Thurmondand Progressive party candidateHenry A. Wallace.
• November 12– In Tokyo, an internationalwar crimestribunal sentences seven Japanese military and government officials to death, including GeneralHideki Tojo,for their roles in World War II.
• November 15–Louis Stephen St. Laurentbecomes Canada's 12thprime minister.
• November 16
  • Operation Magic Carpetto transport Jews from Yemen to Israel begins.
  • TheUniversity of the Andes(Universidad de los Andes) is founded inBogotá,Colombia.
• November 17
  • Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavidivorces his second wife, the former PrincessFawzia of Egypt.
  • Whittaker Chambersproduces secret government papers, handwritten and typewritten byAlger Hiss,during pretrial examination.
• November 20–Geoffrey B. Orbellrediscovers theTakahē,last seen 50 years previously, nearLake Te Anau,New Zealand.
• November 24– In Venezuela, presidentRómulo Gallegosis ousted by amilitary junta.
• November 27– TheCalgary Stampedersdefeat theOttawa Rough Riders12–7 before 20,013 fans at Toronto'sVarsity Stadium,to win their firstGrey Cupand complete the onlyperfect seasonto date inCanadian football.

December

Main article:December 1948

Dutch forces in theDutch East Indies,1948

• December 1–José Figueres Ferrerabolishes the army inCosta Rica,making it the first country in history to do so.
• December 2– The United StatesHouse Un-American Activities Committeesubpoenas and retrieves the "Pumpkin Papers"from the farm ofWhittaker Chambers.
• December 6–Richard Nixondisplays microfilm from the "Pumpkin Papers" to the press.
• December 9– TheUnited Nations General Assemblyadopts theGenocide Convention.
• December 10– The United Nations General Assembly adopts theUniversal Declaration of Human Rights.
• December 11–12–Malayan Emergency:Batang Kali massacre:Scots Guardsshoot 24Chinesevillagers inMalaya.
• December 15– TheUnited States Department of JusticeindictsAlger Hiss,on two counts ofperjury.
• December 17– TheFinnish Security Policeis established to removecommunist leadershipfrom its predecessor, theState Police.
• December 19– In the AmericanNational Football League,thePhiladelphia Eaglesdefeat theChicago Cardinals7–0, to win the championship.
• December 20
  • Indonesian National Revolution:The Dutch military captures Yogyakarta, the temporary capital of the newly formed Republic of Indonesia.
  • American economist and former State Department officialLaurence Dugganfalls to his death, from the 16th story window of his Manhattan office.
• December 23– Seven Japanese military and political leaders, convicted of war crimes by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, are executed by Allied occupation authorities, at Sugamo Prison in Tokyo, Japan.
• December 26
  • The last Soviet troops withdraw fromNorth Korea.
  • CardinalJózsef Mindszentyis arrested in Hungary and accused of treason and conspiracy.
• December 28– AMuslim Brotherhoodmember assassinates Egyptian Prime MinisterMahmud Fahmi Nokrashi.
• December 30– The musicalKiss Me, Kateopens for the first of 1,077 performances in New York City.
• December 31–Arab-Israeli War:Israeli troops drive Egyptians from theNegev.

Date unknown

• TheFresh Kills Landfill,the world's largest, opens onStaten Island, New York.
• The Slovak city Gúta is renamedKolárovo.
• TheVielha Tunnelis opened, giving access to theVal d'Aranin the SpanishPyrenees;at this time it is the longest road tunnel in the world.
• The Oakridge Transit Centre opens inVancouver,British Columbia.
• The last recorded sighting is made of theCaspian tiger,inKazakhstan.
• A pack of wolves kills about 40 children inDarovskoy District,in Russia.
• The last edition of theIndex Librorum Prohibitorumis published in theVatican.
• Charles Warrell creates the firstI-Spybooks in the United Kingdom.
• Rev. W. Awdry's third book,James the Red Engine,is published in the United Kingdom.
• Inspired by World War II fighter planes,Cadillacintroduces the first automobile to sporttailfins.
• The inaugural6 Hours of Watkins Glensports car endurance race is held in the United States.

Births

January

Ichirou Mizuki

John Carpenter

Carl Weathers

Davíð Oddsson

Mikhail Baryshnikov

Charles Taylor

Akira Yoshino

• January 1–Allan Alcorn,American engineer
• January 2
  • Judith Miller,American journalist
  • Joyce Wadler,American writer, memoirist
  • Deborah Watling,English actress (d.2017)
• January 3–Wanda Seux,Paraguayan vedette, dancer and actress (d.2020)
• January 5
  • Wally Foreman,Australian media icon (d.2006)
  • Ted Lange,African-American actor, director (The Love Boat)
• January 6
  • Guy Gardener,American astronaut
  • Bob Wise,Governor of West Virginia
• January 7
  • Kenny Loggins,American rock singer (Footloose)
  • Ichirou Mizuki,Japanese voice actor
• January 10
  • Remu Aaltonen,Finnish musician
  • Donald Fagen,American rock keyboardist (Steely Dan)
  • Teresa Graves,African-American actress and comedian (Get Christie Love) (d.2002)
  • Mischa Maisky,Latvian cellist
• January 11
  • Hiroshi Wajima,Japanese sumo wrestler (d.2018)
  • Terry Goodkind,American writer (d.2020)
  • Danne Larsson,Swedish musician
• January 12
  • Kenny Allen,English footballer
  • Anthony Andrews,English actor
• January 13
  • V. Krishnasamy,Malaysian footballer (d.2020)
  • Françoise David,Canadian spokesperson
• January 14
  • T Bone Burnett,American record producer, musician
  • Muhriz of Negeri Sembilan,Yamtuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan
  • Carl Weathers,African-American actor, football player (Rocky IV,Action Jackson) (d.2024)
• January 15–Ronnie Van Zant,American rock musician (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (d.1977)
• January 16
  • John Carpenter,American film director, producer, screenwriter and composer
  • Gregor Gysi,German politician
  • Cliff Thorburn,Canadian snooker player
  • Tsuneo Horiuchi,Japanese baseball pitcher, manager
• January 17
  • Billy T. James,New Zealand comedian, musician and actor (d.1991)
  • Davíð Oddsson,Prime Minister of Iceland
• January 18–M. C. Gainey,American actor
• January 19
  • Robert Llewellyn Lyons,Canadian politician
• January 20
  • Nancy Kress,American science fiction writer
  • Jerry L. Ross,American air engineer
• January 23
  • Katharine Holabird,American writer
  • Mitoji Yabunaka,Japanese politician
• January 24
  • Miklós Németh,Hungarian economist and politician, Prime Minister of Hungary from 1988 until 1990
• January 27
  • Mikhail Baryshnikov,Russian dancer
• January 28
  • Ilkka Kanerva,Finnish politician (d.2022)
  • Charles Taylor,Liberian politician, 22ndPresident of Liberia
• January 29–Marc Singer,Canadian actor (V)
• January 30
  • Akira Yoshino,Japanese chemist,Nobel Prizelaureate
  • Paul Magee,Provisional Irish Republican Army member
• January 31
  • Paul Jabara,American actor, singer and songwriter (d.1992)
  • Muneo Suzuki,Japanese politician

February

Henning Mankell

Carlos Felipe Ximenes Belo

Alice Cooper

Christopher Guest

Barbara Hershey

Bernadette Peters

• February 1–Rick James,African-American urban singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and record producer (d.2004)
• February 2
  • Ina Garten,American cooking author
  • Roger Williamson,British race car driver (d.1973)
• February 3
  • Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo,East Timorean Catholic bishop, recipient of theNobel Peace Prize
  • Henning Mankell,Swedish crime novelist (d.2015)
• February 4
  • Alice Cooper,American hard rock singer and musician (School's Out)
  • Ram Baran Yadav,President of Nepal
• February 5
  • Jim Dornan,Northern Irish obstetrician and gynecologist (d.2021)
  • Sven-Göran Eriksson,Swedish football manager
  • Christopher Guest,American actor, screenwriter, director and composer (National Lampoon,Saturday Night Live)
  • Barbara Hershey,American actress (Beaches)
  • Tom Wilkinson,English actor (d.2023)
• February 7–Jimmy Greenspoon,American keyboardist, composer (Three Dog Night) (d.2015)
• February 8–Dan Seals,American musician (d.2009)
• February 9
  • David Hayman,Scottish film, television and stage actor, director
  • Greg Stafford,American game designer, publisher (d.2018)
• February 10
  • Ûssarĸak K'ujaukitsoĸ,Greenlandic Inuit politician, human rights activist (d.2018)
  • John Magnier,Irish businessman, thoroughbred racehorse breeder
• February 11–Chris Rush,American stand-up comedian
• February 12–Raymond Kurzweil,American inventor, author
• February 13–Kitten Natividad,Mexican-American film actress
• February 14
  • Jackie Martling,American comedian, radio personality
  • Wally Tax,Dutch musician (d.2005)
  • Raymond Teller,American illusionist and magician, one half of the duoPenn & Teller
  • Yehuda Shoenfeld,Israeli physician, autoimmunity researcher
• February 15–Larry DiTillio,American film and TV series writer (d.2019)
• February 16–Eckhart Tolle,German-Canadian spiritual author
• February 17
  • György Cserhalmi,Hungarian actor
  • José José,Mexican singer, actor (d.2019)
• February 18–Sinéad Cusack,Irish actress
• February 19
  • Pim Fortuyn,Dutch politician, author (d.2002)
  • Tony Iommi,English heavy metal guitarist
  • Elizabeth Sackler,American activist
• February 20–Jennifer O'Neill,American model, actress
• February 21–Christian Vander (musician),French drummer, founder of progressive rock/Zeuhl group Magma
• February 22
  • John Ashton,American actor
  • Leslie H. Sabo Jr.,AmericanMedal of Honorrecipient (d.1970)
• February 24
  • Jayalalithaa,Indian politician, film actress (d.2016)
  • Walter Smith,Scottish football manager (d.2021)
• February 25–Danny Denzongpa,Indian actor
• February 28
  • Steven Chu,American physicist,Nobel Prizelaureate
  • Mike Figgis,American director, screenwriter and composer
  • Kjell Isaksson,Swedish pole vaulter
  • Bernadette Peters,American actress, singer
  • Mercedes Ruehl,American actress
  • Alfred Sant,Leader of Malta Labour Party (1992–), Prime Minister of Malta (1996–1998)
• February 29
  • Khalid Salleh,Malaysian actor, poet (d.2018)
  • Ken Foree,American actor
  • Henry Small,American-born Canadian singer

March

Eddy Grant

James Taylor

Billy Crystal

Sérgio Vieira de Mello

Andrew Lloyd Webber

Steven Tyler

Rhea Perlman

Al Gore

• March 1–Gopanarayan Das,Indian politician (d.2022)
• March 2
  • R. T. Crowley,American pioneer of electronic commerce
  • Rory Gallagher,Irish musician (d.1995)
  • Jeff Kennett,Australian politician
• March 3
  • Steve Wilhite,American computer scientist, developer of theGIFimage format atCompuServein 1987 (d.2022)
• March 4
  • Lindy Chamberlain-Creighton,Australian author (A Cry in the Dark)
  • James Ellroy,American writer
  • Tom Grieve,American baseball player
  • Leron Lee,American baseball player
  • Chris Squire,English bassist (Yes) (d.2015)
  • Shakin' Stevens,Welsh singer
  • Brian Cummings,American voice actor
• March 5
  • Eddy Grant,Guyanese British singer, musician ( "Electric Avenue")
  • Elaine Paige,English singer, actress
• March 6–Anna Maria Horsford,African-American actress (Amen)
• March 8
  • Sinta Nuriyah,4thFirst Lady of Indonesia,wife ofAbdurrahman Wahid
  • Jonathan Sacks,British Orthodox rabbi, philosopher, theologian, author and politician (d.2020)
• March 9
  • László Lovász,Hungarian mathematician
  • Jeffrey Osborne,American singer ( "On the Wings of Love")
• March 10–Doug Clark,Americanserial killer(d.2023)
• March 11
  • Dominique Sanda,French actress
• March 12–James Taylor,American singer, songwriter ( "Fire and Rain")
• March 13–Maurice A. de Gosson,Austrian mathematician
• March 14–Billy Crystal,American actor, comedian
• March 15–Sérgio Vieira de Mello,Brazilian diplomat (d.2003)
• March 16–Margaret Weis,American science fiction writer
• March 17–William Gibson,American/Canadian writer
• March 18
  • Jessica B. Harris,American historian and journalist
  • Bobby Whitlock,American singer and songwriter
• March 20
  • John de Lancie,American actor
  • Bobby Orr,Canadian hockey player
  • Helene Vannari,Estonian actress (d.2022)
• March 22
  • Inri Cristo,Brazilian educator who claims to be Jesus Christ reincarnated
  • Wolf Blitzer,American television journalist (CNN)
  • Andrew Lloyd Webber,English composer (Jesus Christ Superstar)
• March 25–Bonnie Bedelia,American actress
• March 26
  • Nash the Slash(b. James Jeffrey Plewman), Canadian musician (d.2014)
  • Steven Tyler,American rock singer, songwriter (Aerosmith)
• March 28
  • Jayne Ann Krentz,American novelist
  • Dianne Wiest,American actress
• March 29
  • Mike Heideman,American basketball coach (d.2018)
  • Bud Cort,American actor (Harold and Maude)
• March 30–Eddie Jordan,Irish founder ofJordan Grand Prix
• March 31
  • Rhea Perlman,American actress (Cheers)
  • Al Gore,American politician and environmentalist, 45thVice President of the United States

April

Carlos Salinas de Gortari

Frank Abagnale

Terry Pratchett

• April 1–Jimmy Cliff,Jamaican singer, actor
• April 2
  • Bob Lienhard,American basketball player (d.2018)
  • Roald Als,Danish cartoonist
• April 3–Carlos Salinas de Gortari,Mexican economist, politician and 53rdPresident of Mexico(1988–1994)
• April 4
  • Squire Parsons,American gospel singer, songwriter
  • Dan Simmons,American fantasy, science fiction author
  • Berry Oakley,American musician (d.1972)
• April 5–Neil Portnow,American President ofThe Recording Academy(NARAS)
• April 7
  • Arnie Robinson,American Olympic Long jump champion (d.2020)
  • John Oates,American rock singer, guitarist (Hall & Oates)
  • Pietro Anastasi,Italian football player (d.2020)
• April 9–Jaya Bachchan,Indian actress and politician
• April 10–Fauzi Bowo,Indonesian politician and diplomat, governor ofJakarta
• April 12
  • Jeremy Beadle,English TV presenter (d.2008)
  • Don Fernando,American pornographic film actor, director
  • Joschka Fischer,German politician
  • Marcello Lippi,Italian football player, manager
• April 13
  • Nam Hae-il,25th Chief of Naval Operations of theRepublic of Korea Navy
  • Mikhail Shufutinsky,Soviet, Russian singer, actor and TV presenter
• April 15–Michael Kamen,American composer (d.2003)
• April 16
  • Ammar El Sherei,Egyptian music icon, celebrity (d.2012)
  • Kazuyuki Sogabe,Japanese voice actor (d.2006)
• April 17
  • Jan Hammer,Czechoslovakian composer, pianist and keyboardist
  • Peter Jenni,Swiss experimental particle physicist
• April 18–Avi Arad,Israeli-American film producer
• April 20–Paul Milgrom,American economist,Nobel Prizelaureate
• April 21
  • Paul Davis,American singer, songwriter (Cool Night) (d.2008)
  • Josef Flammer,Swiss ophthalmologist (after whomFlammer syndromeis named)
• April 24–István Szívós,Hungarian water polo player (d.2019)
• April 27
  • Amrit Kumar Bohara,Nepalese politician
  • Frank Abagnale,American con man, imposter
  • Si Robertson,American reality star, preacher, hunter, outdoorsman and U.S. Army veteran
• April 28
  • Terry Pratchett,English comic fantasy, science fiction author (d.2015)
  • Marcia Strassman,American actress, singer (Welcome Back, Kotter) (d.2014)
• April 29–Michael Karoli,German musician (d.2001)
• April 30–Jocelyne Saab,Lebanese journalist, film director (d.2019)

May

George Tupou V

Steve Winwood

Brian Eno

Grace Jones

Leo Sayer

Klaus Meine

Stevie Nicks

Svetlana Alexievich

John Bonham

• May 2
  • Vladimir Matorin,Russian opera singer
  • Larry Gatlin,American singer, songwriter
• May 3
  • William H. Miller,American maritime historian
  • Chris Mulkey,American actor
• May 4
  • Jan Kantůrek,Czech translator (d.2018)
  • Tanya Falan,American singer
  • KingGeorge Tupou Vof Tonga (d.2012)
• May 5
  • Joe Esposito,American singer, songwriter
  • Richard Pacheco,American pornographic actor
  • Bill Ward,English rock drummer
• May 7–Susan Atkins,convicted murderer and ex-follower ofCharles Manson(d.2009)
• May 8
  • DameFelicity Lott,English soprano
  • Stephen Stohn,Canadian television producer
• May 9
  • Steven W. Mosher,American social scientist, author
  • Calvin Murphy,American basketball player, analyst
• May 10–Meg Foster,American actress
• May 11
  • Pam Ferris,Welsh actress
  • Shigeru Izumiya,Japanese musician
• May 12
  • Steve Winwood,English rock singer ( "Higher Love")
  • Lindsay Crouse,American actress
• May 14–Bob Woolmer,Indian-born English cricket coach (d.2007)
• May 15
  • Yutaka Enatsu,Japanese professional baseball pitcher
  • Brian Eno,English musician, record producer
• May 16–Jesper Christensen,Danish actor
• May 17–Penny DeHaven,American country singer (d.2014)
• May 18
  • Olivia Harrison,American author and film producer
  • Mikko Heiniö,Finnish composer
• May 19–Grace Jones,Jamaican singer, actress
• May 20–Tesshō Genda,Japanese voice actor
• May 21
  • D'Jamin Bartlett,American musical theatre actress
  • Elizabeth Buchan,English writer
  • Jonathan Hyde,Australian-born English actor
  • Carol Potter,American actress
  • Leo Sayer,English rock musician ( "When I Need You")
• May 23–Gary McCord,American professional golfer
• May 25–Klaus Meine,German singer (Scorpions)
• May 26
  • Dayle Haddon,Canadian model, actress
  • Stevie Nicks,American rock singer, songwriter (Fleetwood Mac)
• May 27–Wubbo de Boer,Dutch civil servant
• May 29–Michael Berkeley,English composer
• May 30–Paul L. Schechter,American astronomer and cosmologist
• May 31
  • Svetlana Alexievich,Belarusian writer of literary reportage,Nobel Prizelaureate
  • Lynda Bellingham,English actress, broadcaster and author (d.2014)
  • John Bonham,English rock drummer (Led Zeppelin) (d.1980)

June

Phylicia Rashad

Andrzej Sapkowski

Kathy Bates

Ian Paice

• June 1
  • Powers Boothe,American actor (Guyana Tragedy: The Story of Jim Jones) (d.2017)
  • Tom Sneva,American race car driver,Indianapolis 500winner
• June 2–Jerry Mathers,American actor (Leave It to Beaver)
• June 3–Carlos Franzetti,Argentine composer and arranger
• June 4
  • Bob Champion,English jump jockey
  • David Haskell,American actor (d.2000)
• June 6–Richard Sinclair,English musician (Caravan)
• June 7–Jim C. Walton,American business person, (Walmart)
• June 8
  • Jürgen von der Lippe,German television presenter, actor and comedian
  • Jad Azkoul,Lebanese-American classical guitarist
• June 9
  • Gudrun Schyman,Swedish politician
  • Gary Thorne,American play-by-play announcer
• June 10–Subrata Roy,Indian businessman (d.2023)
• June 11–Dave Cash,American baseball player
• June 12–Sadegh Zibakalam,Iranian academic reformist
• June 13–Garnet Bailey,Canadian hockey player, scout (d.2001)
• June 14–Laurence Yep,American author
• June 15–Paul Michiels,Belgian singer, songwriter
• June 16–Terry Schofield,American basketball player
• June 17–Dave Concepción,Venezuelan baseball player
• June 18–Sherry Turkle,American science/social studies professor
  • Eliezer Halfin,Israeli wrestler (d.1972)
• June 19
  • Nick Drake,English musician (d.1974)
  • Lea Laven,Finnish singer
  • Phylicia Rashad,African-American actress (The Cosby Show)
• June 20
  • Véronique de Montchalin,French politician
  • Diana Mara Henry,American freelance photojournalist
  • Alan Longmuir,Scottish musician (d.2018)
  • Ludwig Scotty,President of Nauru
  • Tina Sinatra,American singer, actress, film producer and memoirist
• June 21
  • Don Airey,British musician
  • Lionel Rose,Australian boxer (d.2011)
  • Jovan Aćimović,Serbian football player
  • Raffaello Martinelli,Italian prelate
  • Philippe Sarde,French film composer
  • Andrzej Sapkowski,Polish writer
  • Wolfgang Seel,German football player
  • Greg Hyder,American professional basketball player
• June 22
  • Takashi Sasano,Japanese actor
  • Shōhaku Okumura,Japanese Soto Zen
  • Peter Prijdekker,Dutch swimmer
  • Sue Roberts,American professional golfer
  • Todd Rundgren,American rock singer, record producer (Hello It's Me)
  • Curtis Johnson,American football cornerback
  • Franciszek Smuda,Polish football coach
  • Panagiotis Xanthakos,Greek sports shoote
  • Colin Waldron,English football defender
• June 23
  • Larry Coker,American football player, coach
  • Jim Heacock,American defensive coordinator
  • Luther Kent,American blues singer
• June 24
  • Stephen Martin,Australian politician, senior academic and rugby league referee
  • Patrick Moraz,Swiss keyboard player
  • Janet Museveni,First Lady of Uganda
  • Dave Orchard,South African cricketer
  • Eigil Sørensen,Danish cyclist
  • Jürgen Stars,German footballer
  • Jenny Wood,Zimbabwean swimmer
• June 25
  • Kenn George,American businessman
  • Michael Lembeck,American actor, television and film director
  • Tom Rideout,Canadian politician
• June 26
  • David Vaughan,Welsh professional golfer
  • John Pratt,English professional footballer
  • Pablo Anaya Rivera,Mexican politician
• June 27
  • Vennira Aadai Nirmala,Tamil actress
  • Michael J. Barrett,Guamanian politician
  • Camile Baudoin,American rock guitarist
• June 28
  • Deborah Moggach,English writer
  • Kathy Bates,American actress (Misery)
  • Jimmy Thomson,Scottish professional footballer
  • Brian Rowan,Scottish professional footballer
• June 29
  • Danny Adcock,Australian actor
  • Vic Brooks,English cricketer
  • Leo Burke,Canadian professional wrestler
  • Fred Grandy,American actor, politician (The Love Boat)
  • Helge Karlsen,Norwegian football player
  • Ian Paice,English musician (Deep Purple)
  • Usha Prashar, Baroness Prashar,crossbench member of the House of Lords
• June 30
  • Alice Wong,Canadian politician
  • Dag Fornæss,Norwegian speed skater
  • Peter Rossborough,English rugby union international
  • Galarrwuy Yunupingu,Australian Indigenous community leader (d.2023)
  • Vladimir Yakunin,Russian official, head of state-runRussian RailwaysCompany
  • Raymond Leo Burke,American cardinal, prelate

July

Jeremy Spencer

Nathalie Baye

Richard Simmons

Daphne Maxwell Reid

Rubén Blades

Cat Stevens

Peggy Fleming

Jean Reno

• July 1
  • Ever Hugo Almeida,Paraguayan footballer
  • Hap Farber,American football linebacker.
  • John Ford,English-born rock musician (Strawbs), writer ofPart of the Union
  • Michael McGimpsey,Northern Ireland politician
• July 2
  • Mario Villanueva,Mexican politician
  • Saul Rubinek,German-Canadian character actor, director, producer and playwright
• July 3–Tarmo Koivisto,Finnish comics artist
• July 4
  • René Arnoux,French racing driver
  • Louis Raphaël I Sako,Head of the Chaldean Catholic Church
  • Ed Armbrister,Bahamian Major League Baseball outfielder
  • Nazmul Hussain,Indian first-class cricketer
  • Jeremy Spencer,British musician
• July 5
  • Tony DeMeo,American football coach, player
  • Dave Lemonds,American baseball player
  • Salomon Juan Marcos Issa,Mexican politician
  • Lojze Peterle,Slovenian politician
  • William Hootkins,American actor (d.2005)
• July 6
  • Nathalie Baye,French actress
  • Jeff Webb,American professional basketball player
  • Arnaldo Baptista,Brazilian rock musician, composer
  • Brad Park,Canadian NHL Defenseman
  • Sid Smith,American football offensive lineman
  • Eiko Segawa,Japanese female enka singer, actress
  • Jan van der Veen,Dutch professional association football player
• July 7
  • Jerry Sherk,American football defensive tackle
  • Jean LeClerc,Québécois actor
  • Jean-Marie Colombani,French journalist
  • Tan Lee Meng,Singaporean jurist
  • Stuart Varney,British-American economic consultant
  • Luis Estrada,Mexican football league forward, Olympic athlete
• July 8–Raffi,Egyptian-born children's entertainer
• July 10
  • Theo Bücker,German football manager, player
  • Mick Coop,English professional football right back
  • Rich Hand,American professional baseball player
• July 12
  • Richard Simmons,American television personality, fitness expert (d.2024)
  • Jay Thomas,American actor (d.2017)
• July 13
  • Alf Hansen,Norwegian rower
  • Daphne Maxwell Reid,African-American actress
  • Don Sweet,Canadian star football kicker
  • Robert A. Underwood,Guamanian politician, educator
• July 14–Goodwill Zwelithini kaBhekuzulu,Zulu king (d.2021)
• July 15
  • Enriqueta Basilio,Mexican track and field athlete (d.2019)
  • Richard Franklin,Australian film director (d.2007)
  • Twinkle,English singer, songwriter (d.2015)
• July 16
  • Rubén Blades,Panamanian singer, actor and musician
  • Rita Barberá,Spanish politician, Mayor of Valencia (d.2016)
  • Lars Lagerbäck,Swedish football manager, player
  • Jeff Van Wagenen,American professional golfer
  • Pinchas Zukerman,Israeli violinist
• July 17
  • Doug Berry,American Canadian football coach
  • Alan Sieler,Australian cricketer
• July 18–Hartmut Michel,German chemist,Nobel Prizelaureate
• July 20
  • Muse Watson,American actor
  • Maroun Elias Nimeh Lahham,Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tunis
• July 21
  • Beppe Grillo,Italian activist, blogger, comedian and actor
  • Ed Hinton,American sportswriter
  • Cat Stevens(b. Steven Georgiou, later known as Yusuf Islam), British singer, musician
  • Garry Trudeau,American cartoonist (Doonesbury)
  • Teruzane Utada,Japanese music executive producer, attendant
  • Mikhail Zadornov,Russian stand-up comedian, writer
  • Snooty,male Florida manatee (d.2017)
  • Anders Berglund,Swedish arranger/composer, conductor and producer
• July 22
  • Susan Eloise Hinton,American author
  • Otto Waalkes,German comedian, actor
• July 23–John Cushnahan,Northern Irish politician
• July 25
  • Steve Goodman,AmericanGrammy Award-winningfolk musicsinger, songwriter (d.1984)
  • Tony Cline,American football player (d.2018)
• July 27–Peggy Fleming,American figure skater
• July 28
  • Gerald Casale,American director, singer (Devo)\
  • Georgia Engel,American actress (d.2019)
• July 29
  • Meir ShalevIsraeli writer and newspaper columnist for the daily Yedioth Ahronoth. Shalev's books have been translated into 26 languages (d.2023)
• July 30
  • Jean Reno,French actor
  • Julia Tsenova,Bulgarian composer, musician (d.2010)
• July 31–Jonathan Dollimore,English academic sociologist, cultural theorist

August

Jean-Pierre Raffarin

Deana Martin

John Noble

Robert Plant

Sgt. Slaughter

Lewis Black

• August 2
  • Dennis Prager,American radio talk show host, author
  • Bob Rae,Canadian politician
• August 3–Jean-Pierre Raffarin,Prime Minister of France
• August 4–Giorgio Parisi,Italian theoretical physicist and Nobel Prize laureate
• August 7–James P. Allison,American immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• August 8–Wincey Willis,British broadcaster
• August 12–Mizengo Pinda,9th Prime Minister of Tanzania
• August 13–Kathleen Battle,African-American soprano
• August 14–Joseph Marcell,English actor
• August 15
  • Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi,Iranian cleric, politician (d.2018)
  • George Ryton,Singapore-born English Formula One engineer
• August 18
  • Sean Scanlan,Scottish actor (d.2017)
  • Robert Hughes,Australian actor
  • Deana Martin,American singer and actress
• August 20
  • John Noble,Australian actor
  • Robert Plant,English singer (Led Zeppelin)
  • Barbara Allen Rainey(b. Barbara Ann Allen), American aviator, first female pilot in the U.S. armed forces (d.1982)
• August 21
  • Sharon M. Draper,American children's book author (Out of My Mind)
  • Peter Starkie,Australian rock guitarist (Skyhooks,Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons)
• August 22–David Marks,American guitarist (The Beach Boys)
• August 23–Lev Zeleny,Soviet, Russian physicist
• August 24
  • Jean-Michel Jarre,French electronic musician
  • Sauli Niinistö,Finnish politician, 12thPresident of Finland
  • Kim Sung-il,Chief of Staff of theRepublic of Korea Air Force
  • Vicente Sotto III,Filipino actor, host and politician
• August 25–Tony Ramos,Brazilian actor
• August 27–Sgt. Slaughter,American professional wrestler
• August 30
  • Lewis Black,American comedian
  • Fred Hampton,American activist (d.1969)
  • Victor Skumin,Russian scientist, professor
• August 31
  • Cyril Jordan,American musician
  • Holger Osieck,German football manager

September

Jeremy Irons

George R. R. Martin

• September 1–James Rebhorn,American actor (d.2014)
• September 2
  • Nate Archibald,American basketball player
  • Terry Bradshaw,American football player, sportscaster
  • Christa McAuliffe,American teacher and astronaut (d. inSpace ShuttleChallengerdisaster1986)
• September 3
  • Don Brewer,American drummer (Grand Funk Railroad)
  • Levy Mwanawasa,Zambian president (d.2008)
• September 4–Michael Berryman,American actor
• September 5–Benita Ferrero-Waldner,Austrian diplomat, politician
• September 6–Sam Hui,Hong Kong singer
• September 7
  • Susan Blakely,American actress
  • Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan,ruler of Abu Dhabi (d.2022)
• September 8–The Great Kabuki,Japanese professional wrestler
• September 10
  • Judy Geeson,English actress
  • Bob Lanier,American basketball player (d.2022)
  • Margaret Trudeau(b. Margaret Sinclair), wife and mother of Prime Ministers of Canada
  • Charlie Waters,American football player
• September 11–John Martyn(b. Iain McGeachy), British folk-rock guitarist (d.2009)
• September 12–Mah Bow Tan,Singaporean politician
• September 13
  • Nell Carter,African-American singer, actress (Gimme a Break!) (d.2003)
  • Sitiveni Rabuka,3rd Prime Minister of Fiji
  • Kathleen Lloyd,American actress
• September 16–Ron Blair,American rock bassist (Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers)
• September 17
  • Aidan Nichols,English Dominican priest and academic
  • John Ritter,American actor (Three's Company) (d.2003)
• September 19
  • Jeremy Irons,English actor
  • Nadiya Tkachenko,Soviet pentathlete
• September 20
  • Rey Langit,Filipino journalist, radio host
  • George R. R. Martin,Americanspeculative fictionauthor
• September 22
  • Denis Burke,Australian politician
  • Jim Byrnes,American voice actor, blues musician and actor
  • Mark Phillips,British army captain, equestrian and first husband ofAnne, Princess Royal
• September 23–José Lavat,Mexican voice actor (d.2018)
• September 24–Phil Hartman,Canadian actor, comedian (Saturday Night Live) (d.1998)
• September 25
  • Cäcilia Rentmeister,German art historian, gender researcher
  • Vasile Șirli,Romanian musical composer and producer
  • Vladimir Yevtushenkov,Russianoligarch
• September 26
  • Maurizio Gucci,Italian businessman, murder victim (d.1995)
  • Olivia Newton-John,English-born Australian singer, actress (d.2022)
  • Vladimír Remek,Czech politician and cosmonaut
• September 27
  • Michele Dotrice,English actress
  • A Martinez,American actor, singer
• September 29
  • Mark Farner,American rock guitarist, singer (Grand Funk Railroad)
  • Bryant Gumbel,African-American television broadcaster (The Today Show)
  • Theo Jörgensmann,German jazz clarinetist

October

Avery Brooks

Hema Malini

Margot Kidder

Akira Kushida

Kate Jackson

• October 1
  • Mark Landon,American actor (d.2009)
  • SirPeter Blake,New Zealand yachtsman (k.2001)
• October 2
  • Avery Brooks,American actor, musician
  • Persis Khambatta,Indian actress, model (Star Trek: The Motion Picture) (d.1998)
  • Chris LeDoux,American singer, rodeo star (d.2005)
  • Donna Karan,American fashion designer
• October 4
  • Meg Bennett,American soap opera writer
  • Iain Hewitson,New Zealand-Australian chef, restaurateur, author and television personality
• October 5–Russell Mael,American singer (Sparks)
• October 6
  • Wendell Ladner,American basketball player (d.1975)
  • Gerry Adams,Northern Irish politician
• October 7–Diane Ackerman,American poet, essayist
• October 8
  • Johnny Ramone,American guitarist (Ramones) (d.2004)
  • Baldwin Spencer,3rdPrime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda
• October 9
  • Jackson Browne,American rock musician ( "Running on Empty")
  • Ciarán Carson,Northern Irish poet, novelist
  • Oliver Hart,English-born economist,Nobel Prizelaureate
• October 11
  • Margie Alexander,American gospel, soul singer (d.2013)
  • Cynthia Clawson,American gospel singer
• October 12–Rick Parfitt,English musician (Status Quo) (d.2016)
• October 13
  • John Ford Coley,American rock musician ( "I'd Really Love to See You Tonight")
  • Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan,Pakistani musician (d.1997)
• October 14
  • Engin Arık,Turkishnuclear physicist(d.2007)
  • David Ruprecht,American actor, writer (Supermarket Sweep)
• October 15
  • Renato Corona,Filipino jurist, lawyer (d.2016)
  • Chris de Burgh,born Christopher Davison, Argentine-born Anglo-Irish singer, songwriter
• October 16
  • Leo Mazzone,American baseball coach
  • Hema Malini,Indian actress, writer, director, producer, dancer and politician
• October 17
  • Robert Jordan,American novelist (d.2007)
  • Margot Kidder,Canadian actress (Superman) (d.2018)
  • Akira Kushida,Japanese singer
  • Ng Jui Ping,Singaporean entrepreneur, previously army general (d.2020)
  • George Wendt,American actor (Cheers)
• October 18
  • Hans Köchler,Austrian philosopher
  • Ntozake Shange,African-American playwright and poet (d.2018)
• October 19–Patrick Simmons,American musician (The Doobie Brothers)
• October 21
  • Tom Everett,American actor
  • Allen Vigneron,Roman Catholic Archbishop of Detroit
• October 22
  • Lynette Fromme,American attempted assassin ofGerald Ford
  • Debbie Macomber,American author
• October 23– SirGerry Robinson,Irish-born British businessman (d.2021)
• October 25
  • Dave Cowens,American basketball player, coach
  • Dan Gable,American wrestler, coach
  • Dan Issel,American basketball player and coach
• October 26–Toby Harrah,American baseball player
• October 28–Telma Hopkins,African-American actress, singer (Tony Orlando and Dawn)
• October 29
  • Giuseppe Chirichiello,Italian economist and university professor
  • Frans de Waal,Dutch primatologist. (d.2024)
  • Kate Jackson,American actress (Charlie's Angels)
• October 30–Garry McDonald,Australian actor, satirist and comedian

November

Lulu

Glenn Frey

Amadou Toumani Touré

Hassan Rouhani

Charles III

John Bolton

Michel Suleiman

• November 1–Anna Stuart,American actress
• November 3–Lulu(b. Marie McDonald McLaughlin Lawrie), Scottish singer, actress (To Sir, with Love)
• November 4
  • Delia Casanova,Mexican actress
  • Amadou Toumani Touré,3rdPresident of Mali(d.2020)
• November 5
  • Charles Bradley,African-American singer (d.2017)
  • Bob Barr,American politician
  • Dallas Holm,American Christian musician
  • Zacharias Jimenez,Filipino Roman Catholic bishop (d.2018)
  • Khalid Ibrahim Khan,Pakistani politician (d.2018)
  • William Daniel Phillips,American physicist,Nobel Prizelaureate
• November 6–Glenn Frey,American guitarist, singer (Eagles) (d.2016)
• November 7–Jim Houghton,American actor, director
• November 9
  • Viktor Matviyenko,Ukrainian footballer, coach (d.2018)
  • Luiz Felipe Scolari,Brazilian football player, manager
  • Kelly Harmon,American actress and model
• November 10–Vincent Schiavelli,American character actor and food writer (d.2005)
• November 12
  • Skip Campbell,American politician (d.2018)
  • Hassan Rouhani,7thPresident of Iran
  • Richard Roberts,American evangelist, son ofOral Roberts
• November 13
  • Humayun Ahmed,Bengali-languagewriter
  • Lockwood Smith,New Zealand politician
• November 14
  • KingCharles IIIof the United Kingdom
  • Robert Ginty,American actor, producer, screenwriter and director (d.2009)
  • Dee Wallace,American actress
• November 15–James Kemsley,Australian cartoonist, actor (d.2007)
• November 16
  • Chi Coltrane,American musician (Thunder and Lightning)
  • Ken James,Australian actor
  • Mutt Lange,Rhodesian-born record producer
  • Mate Parlov,Yugoslav Olympic boxer (d.2008)
• November 18–Dom Irrera,American actor and stand-up comedian
• November 19–Rance Allen,African-American gospel singer, preacher
• November 20
  • Harlee McBride,American actress
  • John R. Bolton,U.S. Ambassador to the U.N., National Security Advisor
  • Barbara Hendricks,American singer
  • Richard Masur,American actor, director and president of the Screen Actors Guild
• November 21
  • Alphonse Mouzon,American jazz drummer (d.2016)
  • Michel Suleiman,President of Lebanon
• November 22–Saroj Khan,Indian dance choreographer (d.2020)
• November 23
  • Dominique-France Picard(aka Princess Fadila of Egypt), wife of KingFuad IIof Egypt and the Sudan
  • Ron Bouchard,American NASCAR driver (d.2015)
  • Gabriele Seyfert,East German figure skater
  • Bonfoh Abass,Togolese politician andPresident of Togo(d.2021)
• November 24–Joe Howard,American actor
• November 25–Antoine Sfeir,Franco-Lebanese journalist, professor (d.2018)
• November 26
  • Elizabeth Blackburn,Australian-American biologist, winner ofNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
  • Gayle McCormick,American singer (Smith) (d.2016)
  • Marianne Muellerleile,American actress
• November 28–Agnieszka Holland,Polish film, television director and screenwriter

December

Ozzy Osbourne

JoBeth Williams

Yoshihide Suga

Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa

Samuel L. Jackson

Gérard Depardieu

• December 2
  • T. Coraghessan Boyle,American writer
  • Rajat Gupta,Indian-American businessman
  • Patricia Hewitt,British Labour Party politician
  • Toninho Horta,Brazilian singer, musician
  • Christine Westermann,German television, radio host, journalist and author
• December 3
  • Rick Cua,American singer, evangelist
  • Ozzy Osbourne,English singer (Black Sabbath)
• December 5,
  • Saburō Shinoda,Japanese actor (Ultraman Taro)
• December 6
  • Keke Rosberg,Finnish Formula One champion
  • Marius Müller-Westernhagen,German actor, musician
  • JoBeth Williams,American actress, director
  • Yoshihide Suga,Prime Minister of Japan
• December 7
  • Gary Morris,American country singer, actor
  • Tony Thomas,American television and film producer
  • Mads Vinding,Danish bassist
• December 10–Abu Abbas,Palestine Liberation Front founder (d.2004)
• December 11
  • Chester Thompson,American rock drummer
  • Shinji Tanimura,Japanese musician (d.2023)
• December 12–Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa,20thPresident of Portugal
• December 13
  • Lillian Board,South African-born English Olympic athlete (d.1970)
  • Ted Nugent,American rock guitarist, singer, conservative political commentator (Cat Scratch Fever)
  • David O'List,English rock guitarist
• December 14
  • Lester Bangs,American music journalist (d.1982)
  • Dee Wallace,American actress
• December 15
  • Melanie Chartoff,American actress and singer (Rugrats)
  • Charlie Scott,American basketball player
• December 18–Edmund Kemper,American serial killer
• December 19–Ken Brown,Canadian ice hockey player
• December 20
  • Orchidea De Santis,Italian actress
  • Abdulrazak Gurnah,Zanzibar-born novelist, Nobel Prize laureate
  • Alan Parsons,English songwriter, musician and record producer
• December 21
  • Samuel L. Jackson,American actor, film producer
  • Willi Resetarits,Austrian musician, cabaret artist
• December 22
  • Noel Edmonds,English TV presenter, DJ
  • Steve Garvey,American baseball player
  • Flip Mark,American child actor
  • Lynne Thigpen,American actress (Godspell) (d.2003)
• December 23–Jim Ferguson,American guitarist, composer, educator, author and music journalist
• December 25
  • Alia Al-Hussein,queen consort of Jordan (d.1977)
  • Barbara Mandrell,American country singer, musician and actress
• December 27
  • Ronnie Caldwell,Americansoul music,rhythm and bluesmusician (d.1967)
  • Gérard Depardieu,French actor
• December 28–Mary Weiss,American pop singer (The Shangri-Las) (d.2024)
• December 29–Peter Robinson,Northern Ireland First Minister
• December 31
  • Stephen Cleobury,English choral conductor (d.2019)
  • Joe Dallesandro,American model, actor
  • Sandy Jardine,Scottish professional footballer, playing for Rangers and Hearts and representing Scotland (d.2014)
  • Donna Summer,African-American singer, actress (Love to Love You Baby) (d.2012)

Deaths

January

KingTomislav II of Croatia

Mahatma Gandhi

Orville Wright

• January 1–Edna May,American actress (b.1878)
• January 2–Vicente Huidobro,Chilean poet (b.1893)
• January 4–Anna Kallina,Austrian actress (b.1874)
• January 5–Mary Dimmick Harrison,wife of PresidentBenjamin Harrison(b.1858)
• January 7
  • Charles C. Wilson,American actor (b.1894)
  • Maria de Maeztu Whitney,Spanish educator, feminist (b.1882)
• January 8
  • Edward Stanley Kellogg,16thGovernor of American Samoa(b.1870)
  • Charles Magnusson,Swedish producer, screenwriter (b.1878)
  • Kurt Schwitters,German artist (b.1887)
  • Richard Tauber,Austrian tenor (b.1891)
• January 12–Herbert Allen Farmer,American criminal (b.1891)
• January 19–Tony Garnier,French architect (b.1869)
• January 21
  • Eliza Moore,last person born into slavery in the United States (b.1843)
  • Naomasa Sakonju,Japanese admiral and war criminal (executed) (b.1890)
  • Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari,Italian composer (b.1876)
• January 24
  • Bill Cody,American actor (b.1891)
  • Maria Mandl,Austrian concentration camp guard and war criminal (executed) (b.1912)
• January 26–Georg Bruchmüller,German artillery officer (b.1863)
• January 28
  • Therese Brandl,German concentration camp guard and war criminal (executed) (b.1902)
  • Anna Maria Gove,American physician (b.1867)
• January 29– KingTomislav II of Croatia(b. 1900)
• January 30
  • Sir Arthur Coningham,British air force air marshal (disappeared) (b.1895)
  • Mahatma Gandhi,Leader of Indian independence movement, (assassinated) (b.1869)
  • Orville Wright,American co-inventor of the airplane (b.1871)

February

Sergei Eisenstein

• February 2
  • Thomas W. Lamont,American banker (b.1870)
  • Bevil Rudd,South African athlete (b.1894)
• February 4–Otto Praeger,American postal official, implemented U.S. Airmail (b.1871)
• February 5–Johannes Blaskowitz,German general (b.1883)
• February 8–Samuel P. Bush,American businessman, industrialist (b.1863)
• February 9–Karl Valentin,German actor (b.1882)
• February 11
  • Sergei Eisenstein,Soviet film director (b.1898)
  • Sir Isaac Isaacs,9thGovernor-General of Australia(b.1855)
• February 15–Subhadra Kumari Chauhan,Indian poet (b.1904)
• February 23–John Robert Gregg,Irish-born inventor of shorthand (b.1867)
• February 25
  • Alfredo Baldomir,Uruguayan politician, soldier, architect, 27thPresident of UruguayandWorld War IIleader (b.1884)
  • Alexander du Toit,South African geologist (b.1878)
  • Juan Esteban Montero,Chilean political figure, 20thPresident of Chile(b.1879)
• February 27–Patriarch Nicodim of Romania(b.1864).

March

Antonin Artaud

• March 4
  • Antonin Artaud,French playwright, actor and director (b.1896)
  • Elsa Brändström,Swedish nurse (b.1888)
• March 10
  • Zelda Fitzgerald,American wife ofF. Scott Fitzgerald(b.1900)
  • Jan Masaryk,Czechoslovakian Foreign Minister (b.1886)
• March 16–León S. Morra,Argentine physician and university professor (b.1882)
• March 23–George Milne, 1st Baron Milne,British field marshal (b.1866)
• March 24
  • Nikolai Berdyaev,Soviet religious leader, political philosopher (b.1874)
  • Paolo Thaon di Revel,Italian admiral (b.1859)
• March 31–Egon Erwin Kisch,Austrian journalist, author (b.1885)

April

Manuel Roxas

Kantarō Suzuki

Mitsumasa Yonai

• April 2
  • Biagio Biagetti,Italian painter (b.1877)
  • Sawan Singh,Indian saint known as "The Great Master" (b.1858)
• April 5–Angelo Joseph Rossi,American political figure,Mayor of San Francisco(b.1878)
• April 7–Isabel Andreu de Aguilar,Puerto Rican writer, educator, philanthropist and activist (b.1887)
• April 8–Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni,Palestinian Arab nationalist (b.1907)
• April 9–Jorge Eliécer Gaitán,Colombian politician (assassinated) (b.1903)
• April 14–W. H. Ellis,American attorney and politician (b.1867)
• April 15
  • Radola Gajda,Czech military commander and politician (b.1892)
  • Manuel Roxas,Filipino statesman, 5thPresident of the Philippines(b.1892)
• April 17–Kantarō Suzuki,Japanese admiral, 42ndPrime Minister of Japan(b.1868)
• April 19–Mikhail Rostovtsev,Soviet actor (b.1872)
• April 20–Mitsumasa Yonai,Japanese admiral and politician, 37thPrime Minister of Japan(b.1880)
• April 21–Carlos López Buchardo,Argentine composer (b.1881)
• April 22–Prosper Montagné,French chef and author (b.1865)
• April 24–Manuel Ponce,Mexican composer (b.1882)
• April 25–Gerardo Matos Rodriguez,Uruguayan composer, journalist and pianist (b.1897)
• April 30–Alfredo Miguel Aguayo Sánchez,Puerto Rican educator, writer (b.1866)

May

Kathleen Cavendish

Dame May Whitty

• May 9–Viola Allen,American actress (b.1867)
• May 13
  • Milan Begović,Yugoslavian writer (b.1876)
  • Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington(b.1920)
• May 15
  • André Dauchez,French painter (b.1870)
  • FatherEdward J. Flanagan,Irish-born AmericanRoman Catholicpriest, founder of Boys Town and monsignor (b.1886)
  • Toyoaki Horiuchi,Japanese general, Class B war criminal suspect (executed) (b.1900)
• May 16–Muhammad Habibullah,Indian politician (b.1869)
• May 18–Francisco Alonso,Spanish composer (b.1887)
• May 19–Maximilian Lenz,Austrian painter and sculptor (b.1860)
• May 21–Jacques Feyder,French filmmaker (b.1885)
• May 22–Claude McKay,Jamaican-born American writer and poet (b.1889)
• May 25–Witold Pilecki,Polish resistance leader (executed) (b.1901)
• May 26–Émile Gaston Chassinat,French egyptologist (b.1868)
• May 28–Unity Mitford,British socialite; friend ofAdolf Hitler(b.1914)
• May 29– DameMay Whitty,British actress (b.1865)
• May 30–József Klekl,Slovenepolitician in Hungary (b.1874)

June

Nasib al-Bitar

Prince Sabahaddin

• June 1–José Vianna da Motta,Portuguese pianist, teacher and composer (b.1868)
• June 2
  • Viktor Brack,German doctor (executed) (b.1904)
  • Karl Brandt,German S.S. officer (executed) (b.1904)
  • Rudolf Brandt,German S.S. officer (executed) (b.1909)
  • Karl Gebhardt,German S.S. officer (executed) (b.1897)
  • Waldemar Hoven,German S.S. officer (executed) (b.1903)
  • Joachim Mrugowsky,German S.S. officer (executed) (b.1905)
  • Wolfram Sievers,German S.S. officer (executed) (b.1905)
• June 6–Louis Lumière,French film pioneer (b.1864)
• June 8–Giacomo Albanese,Italian mathematician (b.1890)
• June 13–Osamu Dazai,Japanese writer (b.1909)
• June 16–Eugênia Álvaro Moreyra,Brazilian journalist, actress and director (b.1898)
• June 25–Bento de Jesus Caraça,Portuguese mathematician, economist and statistician (b.1901)
• June 26
  • Nasib al-Bitar,Palestine jurist (b.1890)
  • Lilian Velez,Filipino actress (murdered) (b.1924)
• June 30–Prince Sabahaddin(b.1879)

July

Albert Bates

Charles Fillmore

Carole Landis

• July 1–Assunta Marchetti,ItalianRoman Catholicreligious professed and blessed
• July 4
  • Albert Bates,American criminal (b.1893)
  • Monteiro Lobato,Brazilian writer (b.1882)
• July 5
  • Georges Bernanos,French writer (b.1888)
  • Charles Fillmore,AmericanProtestantmystic (b.1854)
  • Carole Landis,American actress (b.1919)
• July 9–Alcibiades Diamandi,Greek political figure (b.1893)
• July 11
  • King Baggot,American actor (b.1879)
  • Franz Weidenreich,German anatomist, physical anthropologist (b.1873)
• July 14
  • Harry Brearley,British inventor of stainless steel (b.1871)
  • Marguerite Moreno,French actress (b.1871)
• July 15–John J. Pershing,American general (b.1860)
• July 17–Ildebrando Zacchini,Maltese painter, inventor and traveller (b.1868)
• July 18–Baldassarre Negroni,Italian director, screenwriter (b.1877)
• July 21–Arshile Gorky,Soviet-born painter (b.1904)
• July 22–Sud Mennucci,Brazilian journalist, educator (b.1882)
• July 23–D. W. Griffith,American film director (The Birth of a Nation) (b.1875)
• July 24–Pencho Zlatev,Bulgarian general, 25thPrime Minister of Bulgaria(b.1881)
• July 26–Antonin Sertillanges,French Catholic philosopher, spiritual writer (b.1863)
• July 27–Joe Tinker,American baseball player (Chicago Cubs),MLB Hall of Famemember (b.1880)
• July 28–Susan Glaspell,American playwright (b.1876)
• July 31–Lucy Mercer Rutherfurd,mistress of PresidentFranklin Delano Roosevelt(b.1891)

August

Babe Ruth

Charles Evans Hughes

• August 3–Tommy Ryan,American bo xing champion (b.1870)
• August 4–Mileva Marić,Serbian physicist and mathematician, wife ofAlbert Einstein(b.1875)
• August 7–Charles Bryant,American actor (b. 1879)
• August 10–Andrew Brown,Scottish soccer coach (b.1870)
• August 11–Kan'ichi Asakawa,Japanese historian (b.1873)
• August 13–Edwin Maxwell,Irish actor (b.1886)
• August 16–Babe Ruth,American baseball player (New York Yankees),MLB Hall of Famemember (b.1895)
• August 26–George Anderson,American actor (b.1886)
• August 27
  • Cissie Cahalan,Irish trade union, feminist and suffragette (b.1876)
  • Charles Evans Hughes,11thChief Justice of the United States,1916 Republican presidential candidate (b.1862)

September

Edvard Beneš

TsarFerdinand I of Bulgaria

• September 1
  • Feng Yuxiang,Chinesewarlordand general (b.1882)
  • Moncef Bey,ruler of Tunisia (1942–43) (b.1881)
• September 2–Sylvanus Morley,American scholar, World War I spy (b.1883)
• September 3–Edvard Beneš,Czechoslovakian politician, 4thPrime Minister of Czechoslovakiaand 2-timePresident of Czechoslovakia(b.1884)
• September 5–Richard C. Tolman,American mathematical physicist (b.1881)
• September 7–André Suarès,French poet, critic (b.1868)
• September 10– TsarFerdinand I of Bulgaria(b.1861)
• September 11–Muhammad Ali Jinnah,founder, first Governor General ofPakistan(b.1876)
• September 12
  • Rupert D'Oyly Carte,British hotelier, theatre owner and impresario (b.1876)
  • Carlo Servolini,Italian artist (b.1876)
• September 13–Paul Wegener,German actor, film director and screenwriter, a pioneer ofGerman Expressionism(b.1874)
• September 17
  • Ruth Benedict,American anthropologist, folklorist (b.1887)
  • Folke Bernadotte,Swedish diplomat (assassinated) (b.1895)
  • Emil Ludwig,German-born Swiss historian, biographer (b.1881)
  • Raffaele Rossi,ItalianRoman Catholiccardinal, eminence and servant of God (b.1876)
• September 20–Husain Salaahuddin,Maldivian writer (b.1881)
• September 22–Prince Adalbert of Prussia(b.1884)
• September 24–Warren William,American actor (b.1894)
• September 26–Gregg Toland,American cinematographer (b.1904)
• September 27–Frank Cellier,British actor (b.1884)
• September 30
  • Vasily Kachalov,Soviet actor (b.1875)
  • Edith Roosevelt,First Lady of the United States(b.1861)

October

Franz Lehár

• October 1
  • Francisco Rodrigues da Cruz,Portuguese priest (b.1859)
  • Phraya Manopakorn Nititada,1stPrime Minister of Siam(b.1884)
• October 2–Simon de Graaff,Dutch civil servant, politician (b.1866)
• October 12–Susan Sutherland Isaacs,English educational psychologist and psychoanalyst (b.1885)
• October 13–Samuel S. Hinds,American actor (b.1875)
• October 14–Dale Fuller,American actress (b.1885)
• October 15–Edythe Chapman,American actress (b.1863)
• October 18–Walther von Brauchitsch,German field marshal (b.1881)
• October 21–Elissa Landi,Italian actress (b.1904)
• October 24–Franz Lehár,Hungarian composer (b.1870)
• October 31–Mary Nolan,American actress (b.1902)

November

Archduke Peter Ferdinand of Austria

Béla Miklós

• November 4
  • Albert Stanley, 1st Baron Ashfield,British-born American businessman (b.1874)
  • Filippo Perlo,ItalianRoman Catholicprelate and missionary (b.1873)
• November 7–David Leland,American actor (b.1932)
• November 8–Archduke Peter Ferdinand of Austria(b.1874)
• November 9–Edgar Kennedy,American actor (b.1890)
• November 10
  • Julius Curtius,German politician, diplomat (b.1877)
  • Jack Nelson,American actor, director (b.1882)
• November 11–Fred Niblo,American film director (b.1874)
• November 12–Umberto Giordano,Italian composer (b.1867)
• November 17–Oerip Soemohardjo,Indonesian general (b.1893)
• November 20—Robert Mallard,African-American lynching victim (b. 1918)
• November 21–Béla Miklós,Hungarian military officer, politician and 38thPrime Minister of Hungary(b.1890)
• November 23–Hack Wilson,American baseball player (Chicago Cubs),MLB Hall of Famemember (b.1900)
• November 28–D. D. Sheehan,Irish politician (b.1873)
• November 29
  • Maria Koppenhöfer,German actress (b.1901)
  • Roberto Omegna,Italian cinematographer, director (b.1876)
• November 30–Franco Vittadini,Italian composer (b.1884)

December

João Tamagnini Barbosa

Kōki Hirota

Hideki Tojo

• December 3
  • Jan Hendrik Hofmeyr,South African politician (b.1894)
  • Luis Orrego Luco,Chilean politician, lawyer, novelist and diplomat (b.1866)
  • Chano Pozo,Cuban percussionist (b.1915)
• December 8–Matthew Charlton,Australian politician (b.1866)
• December 15–João Tamagnini Barbosa,Portuguese military officer, politician and 69thPrime Minister of Portugal(b.1883)
• December 20–C. Aubrey Smith,British actor (b.1863)
• December 21–Władysław Witwicki,Polish psychologist, philosopher, translator, historian (of philosophy and art) and artist (b.1878)
• December 23– Japanese war leaders (hanged):
  • Kenji Doihara,general (b.1883)
  • Kōki Hirota,diplomat and politician, 32ndPrime Minister of Japan(b.1878)
  • Seishirō Itagaki,military officer (b.1885)
  • Heitarō Kimura,general (b.1888)
  • Iwane Matsui,general (b.1878)
  • Akira Mutō,general (b.1892)
  • Hideki Tojo,general, 40thPrime Minister of Japan(b.1884)
• December 26–John Westley,American actor (b.1878)
• December 28
  • Muhammad Saleh Akbar Hydari,Indian civil servant, politician (b.1894)
  • Mahmoud an-Nukrashi Pasha,Egyptian political figure, 27thPrime Minister of Egypt(assassinated) (b.1888)
• December 30
  • George Ault,American painter (b.1891)
  • Denton Welch,English author and painter (b.1915)
• December 31–Sir Malcolm Campbell,English land, water racer (b.1885)

Nobel Prizes

• Physics–Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett
• Chemistry–Arne Tiselius
• Medicine–Paul Hermann Müller
• Literature–T. S. Eliot
• Peace– not awarded