1951 Gold Coast general election

1951 Gold Coast general election

8 February 1951
All 38 elected seats in the 84-member Legislative Assembly 43 seats needed for a majority
First party Second party Third party UGCC IND Leader Kwame Nkrumah Paa Grant N/A Party CPP UGCC Independents Leader's seat Accra Central Seats won 34 3 1

General elections were held inGold Coaston 8 February 1951. Although elections had been held for the Legislative Council since 1925,the Council did not have complete control over the legislation, and the voting franchise was limited to residents of urban areas meeting property requirements and the councils of chiefs.The 1951 elections were the first inAfricato be held underuniversal suffrage.

Background

Amongst growing calls for self-governance, such as the1948 Accra Riotsand unrest (which led to the arrest of theBig Six), theCoussey Committeewas commissioned by theUnited Kingdomgovernment. Its report led to the 1951 constitution, which gave the Executive Council an African majority, and created an 84-member Legislative Assembly, 38 of whom were to be elected by the people, 37 representing territorial councils, six appointed to represent commercial interests and threeex officiomembers appointed by the Governor. Those representing commercial interests and appointed by the Governor were all white.

Campaign

A total of 117 candidates contested the 38 elected seats. TheConvention People's Party(CPP) contested every seat, while theUnited Gold Coast ConventionandNational Democratic Partyprovided its main opposition. There were also several independent candidates, as well as the Asante Kotoko party. General Secretary of the CPP,Kojo Botsio,won the Winneba seat unopposed, the only candidate to do so.

Nkrumah's aide and later Finance MinisterKomla Agbeli Gbedemahis credited with organising the entire campaign while Nkrumah was still in Fort James prison, detained by the colonial government. Nkrumah duly won the Accra Central Municipal seat.

Results

Kwame Nkrumah'sConvention People's Partywon 34 of the 38 elected seats in the assembly,claiming all five seats and nearly 95% of the vote in urban areas;Nkrumah himself winning the Accra Central seat with 22,780 of the 23,122 votes cast. In rural areas the CPP won 29 of the 33 seats, taking around 72% of the vote.The main opposition, theUnited Gold Coast Convention,fared badly, winning only three seats, and was disbanded following the elections.Former members of the UGCC went on to form theGhana Congress Party(which later became theUnited Party).The other parties were unsuccessful.

The CPP was also supported in the Assembly by 22 of the indirectly elected members, and thus held 56 of the 84 seats.

Party		Urban areas (direct election)			Rural areas (electoral colleges)			Total seats
		Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats
	Convention People's Party	58,585	91.31	5	1,950	71.88	29	34
	United Gold Coast Convention	5,574	8.69	0	763	28.12	3	3
	National Democratic Party			0			0	0
	Independents			0			1	1
Total		64,159	100.00	5	2,713	100.00	33	38
Registered voters/turnout		90,725	–
Source: Sternbergeret al.,Bob-Milliar

Aftermath

After winning the Accra Central seat, Nkrumah was released from prison, and was appointed "Leader of Government Business",before becoming the country's firstPrime Ministerthe following year after a constitutional amendment.

Another new constitution was promulgated in 1954, followed byelectionsthe same year, also won by the CPP. Following another convincingelection victoryby Nkrumah's party in 1956, Gold Coast became the firstsub-Saharan Africanstate to gain independence (aside fromapartheidSouth Africa) on 6 March 1957, changing its name toGhana.

See also

• List of MLAs elected in the 1951 Gold Coast general election