1992 United States elections
←19901991199219931994→ Presidential election year | |
Election day | November 3 |
---|---|
Incumbent president | George H. W. Bush(Republican) |
Next Congress | 103rd |
Presidential election | |
Partisan control | Democratic gain |
Popular vote margin | Democratic +5.6% |
Electoral vote | |
Bill Clinton(D) | 370 |
George H. W. Bush(R) | 168 |
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1992 presidential election results.Reddenotes states won by Bush,bluedenotes states won by Clinton. Numbers indicate theelectoral voteswon by each candidate. | |
Senate elections | |
Overall control | Democratic hold |
Seats contested | 36 of 100 seats (34 Class 3 seats + 2 special elections) |
Net seat change | None[1] |
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1992 Senate results
Democratic gainDemocratic hold | |
House elections | |
Overall control | Democratic hold |
Seats contested | All 435 voting members |
Popular vote margin | Democratic +5% |
Net seat change | Republican +9 |
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1992 House of Representatives results
Democratic gainDemocratic hold | |
Gubernatorial elections | |
Seats contested | 14 (12 states, 2 territories) |
Net seat change | Democratic +2 |
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1992 gubernatorial election results
Democratic gainDemocratic hold Republican gainRepublican hold New Progressive gainNonpartisan |
The1992 United States electionselected stategovernors,thePresident of the United States,and members of the103rd United States Congress.The election took place after theSoviet Union crumbledand theCold Warended, as well as theredistrictingthat resulted from the1990 census.Often considered "The Year Of The Woman," these elections brought an increased number of female politicians to Washington such asDianne Feinstein(D-CA) andCarol Moseley Braun(D-IL). GovernorBill ClintonofArkansasdefeated incumbent PresidentGeorge H. W. Bushand businessmanRoss Perotin thepresidential election.TheDemocratic Partymaintained their control of both chambers ofCongress.This is the first Democratictrifectasince theRepublican victoryin the1980 electionsand the last one during the20th centuryand the last one overalluntil 2008.
In the presidential election,DemocraticGovernorBill ClintonofArkansasdefeatedRepublicanincumbent PresidentGeorge H. W. Bushand Texas businessmanRoss Perot.Clinton easily won the electoral college with 370 electoral votes, but took just 43 percent of the popular vote, thefourth-lowest shareof any victorious presidential candidate. Perot'sindependent candidacywon the largest share of the popular vote of anythird party or independent candidatesinceTheodore Roosevelt's1912candidacy. Clintondefeatedformer California GovernorJerry Brownand former Massachusetts SenatorPaul Tsongasto take the Democratic nomination. Bushdefeateda primary challenge from commentator, and formerReaganWhite House Director of CommunicationsPat Buchananto earn re-nomination as the Republican candidate.[2]
A small number of seats changed hands in theSenate,but Democrats retained a comfortable majority.[3]Democrats won the national popular vote for theHouse of Representativesby a margin of five percentage points, but Republicans won a net gain of nine seats. In the gubernatorial elections, the Democratic Party won a net gain of two states.
Issues[edit]
What was initially viewed as an easy win for the incumbent, George H. W. Bush, turned out quite differently. His famous "Read my lips: no new taxes"quip was used effectively by his primary challenger Pat Buchanan and later by Governor Bill Clinton. One of the first indicators of Bush's re-election challenge was a poll showing him losing to Texas billionaire Ross Perot in May.[4]
Federal elections[edit]
Presidential election[edit]
Bush had alienated many of the conservatives in his party by breaking his 1988 campaign pledge against raising taxes, but he fended off a primary challenge from conservative commentator Pat Buchanan. Bush's popularity after his success in the Gulf War dissuaded high-profile Democratic candidates like Mario Cuomo from entering the 1992 Democratic primaries. Clinton, a leader of the centrist Democratic Leadership Council, established himself as the front-runner for the Democratic nomination by sweeping the Super Tuesday primaries. He defeated former & future Governor of California Jerry Brown, former Massachusetts Senator Paul Tsongas, and other candidates to win his party's nomination, and chose Senator Al Gore as his running mate. Billionaire Ross Perot launched an independent campaign, emphasizing his opposition to theNorth American Free Trade Agreementand his plan to reduce the national debt.
The economy was in recession and Bush's greatest strength, foreign policy, was regarded as much less important following the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War and the relatively peaceful climate in the Middle East after the Gulf War. Perot led in several polls taken in June 1992, but severely damaged his candidacy by temporarily dropping out of the race in July. The Bush campaign criticized Clinton's character and emphasized Bush's foreign policy successes, while Clinton focused on the economy.
Clinton won a plurality in the popular vote and a majority of the electoral vote, breaking a streak of three straight Republican victories. Clinton swept the Northeastern United States, marking the start of Democratic dominance in the region in presidential elections, while also performing well in the Midwest and the West. Along with Jimmy Carter, Donald Trump and Gerald Ford, Bush is one of four incumbent presidents since World War II to be defeated in the general election. Perot won 18.9% of the popular vote, the highest share of the vote won by a candidate outside of the two major parties since 1912. Although he failed to win any electoral votes, Perot found support in every state, and Clinton's home state of Arkansas was the lone state to give a majority of its vote to any candidate.
Senate elections[edit]
The 34 Seats in theSenate Class IIIwere up for election. Democratic victories over Republicans John F. Seymour (in the special California race) and Bob Kasten (of Wisconsin) were cancelled out by the defeats of DemocratsWyche Fowler(of Georgia) and Terry Sanford (of North Carolina). The election of four new Democratic women to the Senate was notable (referred to in the press as the "Year of the Woman" ). California became the first state to have elected women to occupy both of its Senate seats due to the victories ofDianne FeinsteinandBarbara Boxer.DemocratCarol Moseley Braun(of Illinois), became the first African-American woman in the United States Senate.
House of Representatives elections[edit]
Though they won the national popular vote for the House of Representatives by a margin of five percentage points,[5]Democrats lost a net of nine seats in the House to the Republicans, in part due to redistricting following the 1990 census. The redrawn districts were notable for the increase in majority-minority districts, drawn as mandated by the Voting Rights Act. While the redistricting after the 1980 census had resulted in 17 majority-black districts and 10 majority-Hispanic districts, 32 and 19 such districts, respectively, were drawn after the 1990 census.
State elections[edit]
Democrats and Republicans each defended gubernatorial positions in six states in 1992. Democrats won a net gain of two gubernatorial seats in the 1992 elections.
References[edit]
- ^Republicans picked up one seat in the regularly-scheduled elections, while Democrats picked up one seat in a special election.
- ^"1992 Presidential Election".The American Presidency Project.Retrieved13 August2011.
- ^"Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present".United States Senate.Retrieved25 June2014.
- ^"Survey shows perot leading both bush and clinton in texas race".New York Times.Apr 22, 1992.
- ^"Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 3, 1992"(PDF).U.S. House of Reps, Office of the Clerk.Retrieved10 April2017.