2. Bundesliga
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Organising body | Deutsche Fußball Liga(DFL) |
---|---|
Founded | 1974 |
Country | Germany |
Confederation | UEFA |
Number of teams | 18 |
Level on pyramid | 2 |
Promotionto | Bundesliga |
Relegationto | 3. Liga |
Domestic cup(s) | DFB-Pokal |
International cup(s) | UEFA Europa League(through DFB-Pokal win) |
Current champions | FC St. Pauli(1st title) (2023–24) |
Most championships | Arminia Bielefeld 1. FC Nürnberg SC Freiburg 1. FC Köln VfL Bochum (4 titles each) |
TV partners | Sky Sport DAZN |
Website | bundesliga /2 |
Current:2024–25 2. Bundesliga |
The2. Bundesliga(Zweite Bundesliga[ˈtsvaɪtəˈbʊndəsˌliːɡa];lit. '2nd Federal League') is the second division of professionalfootball in Germany.It was implemented 11 years after the founding of the Fußball-Bundesligaas the new second division for professional football.[1]The 2. Bundesliga is ranked below theBundesligaand above the3. Ligain theGerman football league system.All of the 2. Bundesliga clubs take part in theDFB-Pokal,the annual German Cup competition. A total of 127 clubs have competed in the 2. Bundesliga since its foundation.
The decision to establish the league as the second level of football in West Germany was made in May 1973. The league started operating in August 1974, then with two divisions of 20 clubs. It was reduced to a single division in 1981. From the 1991–92 season onwards clubs from the former East Germany started participating in the league, briefly expanding it to two divisions again. It returned to a single division format again at the end of that season and has had 18 clubs as its strength since 1994. Two clubs from the 2. Bundesliga are directly promoted to the Bundesliga, while a third promoted club is determined through the play-offs, from 1974 to 1991 and again since 2008. Between 1991 and 2008 the third-placed club in the league was directly promoted. The bottom clubs in the league are relegated to the third division; from 1974 to 1994, theOberliga,from 1994 to 2008, theRegionalligaand since 2008, the 3. Liga. The number of relegated clubs has fluctuated over the years. Since 2008 two clubs are directly relegated while the third-last team has the opportunity to defend its league play in the play-offs against the third placed team of the 3. Liga.
1. FC Nürnberg,SC Freiburg,1. FC Köln,Arminia BielefeldandVfL Bochumhold the record number of championships in the league with four each. Bielefeld also holds the record for number of promotions from the 2. Bundesliga to the Bundesliga, with eight.
For the2022–23 seasonan average of 22,224 spectators watched 2. Bundesliga matches, the highest of any non-top flight football league in the world.
History[edit]
Background[edit]
With the implementation of theBundesliga in 1963,[2]fiveRegionalligawere also founded as the 2nd highest playing level,South,Southwest,West,NorthandBerlin.The two top ranking teams from each Regionalliga at the end of a season were placed into groups to play against the relegation teams from the Bundesliga. With the transition from the formerOberligato the newly created Bundesliga and Regionalliga, however, it became clear that the substructure of the Bundesliga was both sportingly and economically problematic and that relegation from the Bundesliga could easily ruin a club economically.
This situation was partly responsible for theBundesliga scandal in 1971,in which, due to manipulations in point games in the relegation battle,Rot-Weiß OberhausenandArminia Bielefeldmanaged to remain in the Bundesliga. As a consequence of the scandal, theDFB-BundestaginFrankfurtdecided on 30 June 1973 to introduce a 2. Bundesliga, divided into anorthand asouthseason, for the1974–75 season,which should close the gap between professional and amateur areas.[3]
Formation[edit]
The decision to establish the 2. Bundesliga as a fully professional league below the Bundesliga was made at the annual convention of theGerman Football Association,theDFB,inFrankfurton 30 June 1973. The league replaced the five Regionalligas that were at this level from 1963 to 1974. EachRegionalligahad a set quota of clubs that could qualify for the new league with theRegionalliga Südreceiving thirteen spots, theRegionalliga Westtwelve, theRegionalliga NordandRegionalliga Südwestseven and theRegionalliga Berlinone. The qualified teams were established through a ranking that took the last five seasons of the Regionalliga into account.[4]
The new 2. Bundesliga was split into anorthernand asoutherndivision with 20 clubs each. Each division had its champion directly promoted to the Bundesliga while the two runners-up would contest a two-leg play-off to determine the third promoted team. The bottom four clubs in each league were relegated, however, as the number of clubs relegated from the Bundesliga to each division could vary, so could the number of clubs in the league and therefore the number of teams relegated.[5][6]
2. Bundesliga North and South 1974 to 1981[edit]
The first-ever game of the league was played on Friday, 2 August 1974 between1. FC SaarbrückenandDarmstadt 98and ended in a 1–0 win for Saarbrücken, withNikolaus Semlitschscoring the first-ever goal of the new league in the 18th minute of the game.[7][8][9]The inaugural champions of the league wereHannover 96in the north andKarlsruher SCin the south, both former Bundesliga clubs. The play-offs for the third Bundesliga spot were contested byFK PirmasensandBayer Uerdingen,with Uerdingen winning 6–0 at home after a four-all draw in the first leg.[10][11]The three promoted teams however proved uncompetitive in the Bundesliga with Hannover and Uerdingen being relegated straight away again while Karlsruhe lasted for only two seasons.[12]
The second season saw league championships forTennis Borussia Berlinand1. FC Saarbrücken,with Tennis Borussia lasting for only one season and1. FCSfor two. The contest for the third promotion spot pitted two far bigger names of German football against each other, withBorussia Dortmundedging out1. FC Nürnbergwith two wins, ending Dortmund's four-year second division spell.[12][13][14]The last round of the season in the south also saw an all-time goal scoring record per round when 55 goals were scored in ten games. The northern division incidentally set the second best mark when it scored 51 goals the day before.[15]
In 1976–77 the league champions wereFC St. PauliandVfB Stuttgartwhile the third promotion spot went to1860 Munich,having had to play a third game afterArminia Bielefeldand TSV 1860 each won their home games 4–0, with the decider ending 2–0 in favour of the southern team.[16][17]Ottmar Hitzfeldset an all-time 2. Bundesliga record in May 1977 when he scored 6 goals in a league match for VfB Stuttgart against Jahn Regensburg.[18]Bielefeld won promotion as the champions of the northern division in the following season, as did southern champion SV Darmstadt 98, entering the Bundesliga for the first time in its history. Third place went to 1. FC Nürnberg who overcameRot-Weiss Essenwith a 1–0 home win and a two–all draw away.[19][20]For Nürnberg it ended a nine-year absence from the Bundesliga.[12]Horst Hrubeschset an all-time record that season for goals in one season, 41 scored for Rot-Weiss Essen.[21]
In 1978–79 direct promotion went to 1860 Munich andBayer Leverkusenwhile the play-off was won, once more, by Bayer Uerdingen, which defeatedSpVgg Bayreuth2–1 at home after a draw away. In the north, two clubs were relegated from the league for financial reasons,Westfalia Herne,which had finished fifth and former Bundesliga side FC St. Pauli, which had come sixth.[22][23]The following seasons saw 1. FC Nürnberg and Arminia Bielefeld clinch another promotion from the 2. Bundesliga, as did Karlsuher SC which overcame Rot-Weiss Essen by winning 5–1 at home after losing 3–1 away.[24][25]Arminia Bielefeld set an all-time 2. Bundesliga record when it defeatedArminia Hannover11–0 in May 1980, the biggest-ever win in the league.[26]
The 1980–81 season, the seventh of the league, was also its last in this format. From 1981 it played as a single division of 20 teams after a decision taken on 7 June 1980, when, at a special convention of theDFB,the introduction of the single division 2. Bundesliga was decided upon with a majority of 84 votes to 77.[27]The northern division was unusually strong that season, having received all three relegated teams of the 1979–80 Bundesliga season,SV Werder Bremen,Eintracht BraunschweigandHertha BSC,and playing with 22 teams. Bremen won the league while Braunschweig came second. Hertha missed out despite scoring 123 goals. In the south, the league was won by SV Darmstadt 98 for a second time while runners-upKickers Offenbachlost out to Braunschweig in the play-offs. The reduction of the league to a single division meant 22 teams were relegated while no team was promoted to the 2. Bundesliga that season.[28][29]
Single division era 1981 to 1991[edit]
The new single division league of 20 teams saw only a small change in modus. The top two in the league were promoted while the third placed team played the sixteenth placed Bundesliga side in a home-and-away play-off for one more spot in the Bundesliga. The bottom four in the league were relegated. The inaugural season sawFC Schalke 04compete in the 2. Bundesliga for the first time, and win it. Second place went to Hertha BSC while third placed Kickers Offenbach missed out on promotion after losing both play-off games to Bayer Leverkusen. Fourth place went to 1860 Munich, one point behind Offenbach, but the club found itself relegated after theDFBrefused it a license for the following season. This decision kept 17th placedSG Wattenscheid 09,the best-placed team on a relegation rank, in the league.[30]The following season finally saw Kickers Offenbach win promotion from the 2. Bundesliga, behind championsSV Waldhof Mannheimwho had never played in the Bundesliga before. Bayer Uerdingen, in third place, won promotion through the play-offs for a third time, this time overcoming the previous seasons 2. Bundesliga champions FC Schalke 04.[12][31]
Schalke bounced back immediately, coming second behind Karlsruher SC in 1983–84. Third place went to MSV Duisburg wo were decisively beaten 0–5 by Bundesliga sideEintracht Frankfurtat home. At the other end, Rot-Weiss Essen, after having failed to win promotion to the Bundesliga through the play-offs twice from the 2. Bundesliga, was relegated to amateur football that season.[32]1. FC Nürnberg took out the championship of the single division 2. Bundesliga for the first time in 1985, with Hannover 96 coming second. Third placed 1. FC Saarbrücken also won promotion courtesy to a 2–0 home win over Arminia Bielefeld after a draw away. Kickers Offenbach, freshly relegated from the Bundesliga came only 19th in the 2. Bundesliga, suffered another relegation, as did another former Bundesliga side, FC St. Pauli, having returned to the league for the first time after having had its license revoked in 1979.[33]
In 1985–86, three clubs from Berlin competed in the league, but none the following season, withBlau-Weiß 90 Berlinachieving its one and only promotion to the Bundesliga while Hertha BSC and Tennis Borussia were relegated to amateur football. The league champions wereFC 08 Homburg,also promoted to the Bundesliga for the first time. Arguably one of the most famous play-off contests in 2. Bundesliga history however were the games between third placedFortuna Kölnand Borussia Dortmund. Köln won 2–0 at home, followed by a 3–1 for Dortmund, making a third game necessary as the away goal rule did not apply to the Bundesliga versus 2. Bundesliga play-offs at the time. This third game was won 8–0 by Borussia Dortmund in front of 50,000 in neutralDüsseldorf.In the relegation zone MSV Duisburg followed the two Berlin clubs into amateur football as a third former Bundesliga side that season.[34][35]
Hannover 96 and Karlsruher SC won promotion once more in 1987 while third placed FC St. Pauli, freshly promoted from amateur football again, missed out by a goal in the play-offs against FC Homburg. At the bottom end Eintracht Braunschweig became another former Bundesliga side and champion to drop into the third division.[36]FC St. Pauli ended a ten-year wait for Bundesliga return in 1988 when it finished runners-up toStuttgarter Kickerswho were promoted to the Bundesliga for the first time. Third placed SV Darmstadt 98 missed out on penalties in the deciding third game against SV Waldhof Mannheim after each side had won their home game by a goal. Arminia Bielefeld came a distant last and was relegated while 17th placed SpVgg Bayreuth was rescued whenRot-Weiß Oberhausenwas refused a license.[37]
Fortuna Düsseldorfwon the league championship in 1988–89, with two clubs from theSaarlandcoming second and third, FC Homburg and 1. FC Saarbrücken. Saarbrücken however was unable to overcome Eintracht Frankfurt in the later club's second successful play-off defence of its Bundesliga place. SpVgg Bayreuth finished 17th again but was again spared from relegation when Kickers Offenbach was refused a license. Also relegated wereUnion Solingenafter 14 consecutive seasons in the league.[38]At the end of the season Spanish-bornJoaquín Montañésretired from 2. Bundesliga football after 479 games for Alemannia Aachen in the league from 1974 to 1989, a record for any player with a single club in the league.[39]In 1990 Hertha BSC completed its return from amateur football to the Bundesliga with a 2. Bundesliga title, followed up by SG Wattenscheid 09, who entered the Bundesliga for the first time. 1. FC Saarbrücken failed in the play-offs for a second consecutive time when it missed out toVfL Bochum,thereby ensuring aBochumderby in the Bundesliga between VfL and Wattenscheid for the following season. In the relegation zone SpVgg Bayreuth failed to get reprieved for a third consecutive season and dropped into amateur football, as didAlemannia Aachen,a founding member of the 2. Bundesliga who had played all 16 seasons of the league until then.[40]
The tenth season of the single division 2. Bundesliga was to be the last in its current format for a time as theGerman reunificationin 1991 lead to changes to the league after this season. With FC Schalke 04 and MSV Duisburg two long-term Bundesliga teams finished at the top of the league. In third place Stuttgarter Kickers had to play FC St. Pauli three times to earn promotion, the first two contests having ended 1–1 while Stuttgart won the third 3–1.FC Schweinfurt 05in last place became one of the worst clubs in the league history when it only won two games all season. Rot-Weiss Essen had its license revoked which allowed SV Darmstadt 98 to avoid relegation.[41]
German reunification 1991–92[edit]
In the 1991–92 season, the league was expanded to 24 teams in two regional divisions, north and south, to accommodate six newEast German clubswhich joined the league that season. The East German clubs were spread very unevenly, with one going to the north and five to the south, caused by the geographic location of those clubs. Only the league champions were promoted to the Bundesliga that year, which were Bayer Uerdingen in the north and 1. FC Saarbrücken in the south. The bottom three in each division were relegated, three of which were from former East Germany. The other two were former Bundesliga clubs, Blau-Weiß 90 Berlin and 1860 Munich, with the later having played its first season back in the 2. Bundesliga after their license was revoked in 1982. At the end of this season the league returned to the single division format, but with still 24 clubs as its strength.[42][43]
Single division era 1992 to present[edit]
The 1992–93 season was a momentous one, with 24 teams competing in a single league and each club playing 46 games. Three clubs were promoted directly, as would be the case from then on until 2008, with the play-offs having been abolished.SC Freiburgwon the league and promotion for the first time. Behind it, MSV Duisburg made a return to the Bundesliga while third placedVfB Leipzigbecame the first former East German club to earn promotion from the 2. Bundesliga. Seven clubs were relegated from the league to reduce its strength to 20 clubs again from the following season. Of those Eintracht Braunschweig, Fortuna Düsseldorf and SV Darmstadt 98 were former Bundesliga sides.[44]The following season saw changes again as it was the last with 20 clubs. Promoted were VfL Bochum, Bayer Uerdingen and 1860 Munich, which had just won promotion from the third division the year before and returned to the Bundesliga for the first time since 1981. At the bottom end, five clubs were relegated, four of those former Bundesliga sides and the fifth one,Carl Zeiss Jena,from former East Germany.[45]
The league level below the 2. Bundesliga was changed profoundly in 1994 with the Oberligas replaced by the new Regionalligas, which allowed for direct promotion to the 2. Bundesliga for the first time since 1980. The league itself was now reduced to 18 clubs with no play-offs, three promoted and four relegated teams, a system it would maintain until 2008, when the play-offs were re-introduced.Hansa Rostockwon the 2. Bundesliga for the first time in 1995 and FC St. Pauli and Fortuna Düsseldorf followed it up to the Bundesliga. In the relegation zoneFSV Frankfurtcame a distant last with only three wins to its name while the two Saarland sides FC Homburg and 1. FC Saarbrücken accompanied it. The later, despite finishing seventh, had its license revoked, thereby sparingFSV Zwickaufrom relegation.[46]
The 1995–96 season saw VfL Bochum win the league again with second placedArminia Bielefeldwinning promotion straight after having been promoted from the Regionalliga the year before. Third place went to MSV Duisburg while Hannover 96, 1. FC Nürnberg and SG Wattenscheid 09 were all former Bundesliga clubs now suffering relegation to the third division.[47]The1. FC Kaiserslauternand Eintracht Frankfurt had suffered their first-ever relegation from the Bundesliga in 1996. The former won the league and bounced back immediately while Frankfurt remained at this level for another season. Kaiseslautern was accompanied up byVfL Wolfsburg,who won promotion for the first time, and Hertha BSC. Kaiserslautern would also become the first and only club to win the Bundesliga as a freshly promoted side the following year.[48]The 1. FC Kaiserslautern and SV Meppen also set a record for number of goals in a game, 13, when Kaiserslautern defeated Meppen 7–6.[49]Eintracht Frankfurt won the league in 1998 with SC Freiburg coming second while 1. FC Nürnberg, freshly returned from the Regionalliga, came third. At the bottom end VfB Leipzig was one of three clubs from the east to be relegated, alongsideSV Meppen,which dropped out of the league after eleven consecutive seasons there.[50]
The 1998–99 season saw the1. FC Kölnin the league for the first time, having been relegated from the Bundesliga after 35 consecutive seasons there from the start of the league in 1963. Köln only managed to come tenth, while the league was won by Arminia Bielefeld. Behind Arminia Bielefeld,SpVgg UnterhachingandSSV Ulm 1846entered the Bundesliga for the very first time. Last place in the league went to Fortuna Düsseldorf, which was accompanied to the Regionalliga by SG Wattenscheid 09,KFC Uerdingen 05,formerly Bayer Uerdingen, andFC Gütersloh.[51]The first season of the new millennium saw the end of an era, with Fortuna Köln being relegated after 26 consecutive seasons in the league since the start in 1974. Local rival 1. FC Köln won the league while VfL Bochum came second andFC Energie Cottbus,in third place, moved up to the Bundesliga for the first time. Fortuna Köln was accompanied to the Regionalliga by Karlsruher SC, Kickers Offenbach and Tennis Borussia Berlin, who had their license revoked.[52]
In 2000–01, the league was won by 1. FC Nürnberg once again, withBorussia Mönchengladbachearning promotion back to the Bundesliga after a two-year absence. FC St. Pauli was the third promoted team. SSV Ulm 1846, freshly relegated from the Bundesliga, finished the season in 16th place and became insolvent.[53]Hannover 96, Arminia Bielefeld and VfL Bochum were the promoted teams in 2002,[54]while the following season saw 1. FC Köln and Eintracht Frankfurt competing and succeeding for promotion again, behind league champions SC Freiburg.[55]
In 2004, 1. FC Nürnberg and Arminia Bielefeld earned another one of their many promotions while third placed1. FSV Mainz 05was a newcomer to the Bundesliga.[56]Like in 2003, 2005 saw 1. FC Köln and Eintracht Frankfurt win promotion while between them, in second place, MSV Duisburg moved up, too. At the bottom end three of the four relegated clubs shared similar names, Rot-Weiß Oberhausen, Rot-Weiss Essen andRot-Weiß Erfurtwith the fourth team relegated beingEintracht Trier.[57]
![Alte Försterei](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Clp_20090708_Alte_F%C3%B6rsterei_Er%C3%B6ffnungsspiel_3.jpg/220px-Clp_20090708_Alte_F%C3%B6rsterei_Er%C3%B6ffnungsspiel_3.jpg)
VfL Bochum won the league again in 2006 while FC Energie Cottbus returned to the Bundesliga for a second three-year stint. In second place Alemannia Aachen returned to the Bundesliga for the first time since 1970. Relegated that year wereDynamo Dresden,former East German power house, after a two-year stint in the league.[58]2006 also saw the retirement ofWilli Landgraffrom 2. Bundesliga football. Landgraf had played a record 508 2. Bundesliga games from 1986 to 2006, playing in the league for Rot-Weiss Essen, FC 08 Homburg, FC Gütersloh and Alemannia Aachen.[39][59]Karlsruher SC ended an absence from the Bundesliga that had lasted since 1998 when it won the league in 2007 and was followed up by Hansa Rostock and MSV Duisburg.[60]Freshly relegated Borussia Mönchengladbach won the league the following year, with new Bundesliga clubTSG 1899 Hoffenheimsecond and 1. FC Köln third.[61]
The 2008–09 season saw the return of play-offs. The third placed team in the 2. Bundesliga now played the 16th placed team in the Bundesliga for a spot in that league. At the other end of the table, the 16th placed 2. Bundesliga side would now also play the third placed team in the new3. Liga,which had replaced the Regionalliga as the third division. SC Freiburg and 1. FSV Mainz 05 were directly promoted that season while 1. FC Nürnberg had to enter the play-offs in which it defeated FC Energie Cottbus 5–0 on aggregate. At the relegation end,VfL Osnabrücklost its 2. Bundesliga place toSC Paderbornfrom the 3. Liga.[62]
1. FC Kaiserslautern ended a four-year spell in the 2. Bundesliga in 2010 with a league championship, with FC St. Pauli coming second. TheFC Augsburgfinished third but was unable to overcome 1. FC Nürnberg in the play-offs and lost 3–0 on aggregate. Hansa Rostock, in 16th place, dropped out of the 2. Bundesliga when it lost both play-off games toIngolstadt 04.[63]Hertha BSC and FC Augsburg were directly promoted to the Bundesliga in 2010, the later for the first time, while VfL Bochum in third place missed out on promotion against Borussia Mönchengladbach. VfL Osnabrück found itself unsuccessfully defending its league place again, losing to Dynamo Dresden in extra time in the second leg.[64]
After 15 consecutive seasons in the 2. Bundesliga a numerous attempts at promotionGreuther Fürthfinally won the league in 2012. Eintracht Frankfurt came second and Fortuna Düsseldorf returned to the Bundesliga for the first time since 1997 when it defeated Hertha BSC in the play-offs. Karlsruher SC failed to remain in the 2. Bundesliga when it was relegated on away goal rule after two drawn games againstJahn Regensburg.[65]
Hertha BSC won the 2. Bundesliga for the second time in three seasons in 2012–13 and was accompanied up by Eintracht Braunschweig, who had not played in the Bundesliga since 1985. Third placed 1. FC Kaiserslautern lost both games to 1899 Hoffenheim and thereby failed to get promoted. Dynamo Dresden became the first 2. Bundesliga side in five attempts to hold onto their league place while 3. Liga side VfL Osnabrück missed out in the play-offs for a third time in three attempts.[66]The 2013–14 season ended with 1. FC Köln winning the league, followed up bySC Paderbornwho won promotion to the Bundesliga for the first time. Relegated where Energie Cottbus and Dynamo Dresden, both former Bundesliga sides. Third placed SpVgg Greuther Fürth failed to gain promotion after two draws with Bundesliga clubHamburger SV.At the bottom end two eastern clubs were relegated, Dynamo Dresden and Energie Cottbus, while Arminia Bielefeld entered the relegation round.
The 2014–15 season sawIngolstadt 04win the league and earn Bundesliga promotion for the first time while SV Darmstadt 98 finished second and returned to the Bundesliga for the first time since 1982. Third placed Karlsruher SC faced Hamburg for another Bundesliga spot while TSV 1860 Munich had to playHolstein Kielto retain their place in the 2. Bundesliga. Both the Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga clubs retained their league membership. The two clubs directly relegated from the league whereErzgebirge AueandVfR Aalen.[67]In the 2015–16 the league was won by SC Freiburg, withRB Leipzigfinishing runners-up and earning its first-ever Bundesliga promotion, while 1. FC Nürnberg had to enter the promotion play-off where it lost on aggregate to Eintracht Frankfurt. At the bottom end of the table SC Paderborn suffered consecutive relegations, becoming the sixth club to drop from the Bundesliga to the third tier in consecutive seasons. FSV Frankfurt was the second team directly relegated while MSV Duisburg entered the relegation play-off where it was unsuccessful.[68]All the clubs promoted to the 2. Bundesliga had played there before but while Dynamo Dresden and Erzgebirge Aue had only experienced a short absence the third club,Würzburger Kickers,had not played at this level for almost 40 years.[69]
After their relegation, the2018–19 seasonwasHamburger SV's first season outside of the German top flight in their 55-year history.[70]
Logo history[edit]
For the first time in 1996, the Bundesliga was given its own logo to distinguish itself. Six years later, the logo was revamped into a portrait orientation, which was used until 2010. A new logo was announced for the2010–11 seasonin order to modernise the brand logo for all media platforms.[71]To celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Bundesliga, a special logo was developed for the2012–13 season,featuring a "50" and "1963–2013".[72]Following the season, the 2010 logo was restored. In December 2016, it was announced that a new logo would be used for the 2017–18 season, modified slightly for digitisation requirements, featuring a matte look.[73]
In December 2016, it was announced that for the first time, the 2. Bundesliga would be given its own logo, taking effect at the start of the 2017–18 season. Previously, the 2. Bundesliga had borrowed the Bundesliga logo for promotional and media purposes. The 2. Bundesliga gained its own logo to "strengthen the profile of the competition" and to better identify the league with fans, the media, and sponsors.[73]
All-time table[edit]
As of November 2022[update],the most consistent team in the league has beenSpVgg Greuther Fürth,who have won 1680 points in 1140 games (using the three points per win scheme). In second place sitsFC St. Pauliwith 1578 points, andAlemannia Aachenis third with 1481 points. Last place, number 127, goes to newcomersSV Elversbergwith just one points to its name.[74](subject to change in the future)
Members of the 2. Bundesliga (2023–24 season)[edit]
For details on the 2. Bundesliga 2023–24 season, seehere.
Team | Location | Stadium | Capacity |
---|---|---|---|
Eintracht Braunschweig | Braunschweig | Eintracht-Stadion | 23,325 |
Hertha BSC | Berlin | Olympiastadion | 74,649 |
Fortuna Düsseldorf | Düsseldorf | Merkur Spiel-Arena | 54,600 |
SV Elversberg | Spiesen-Elversberg | Waldstadion an der Kaiserlinde | 10,000 |
Greuther Fürth | Fürth | Sportpark Ronhof Thomas Sommer | 16,626 |
Hamburger SV | Hamburg | Volksparkstadion | 57,000 |
Hannover 96 | Hanover | Heinz von Heiden-Arena | 49,000 |
1. FC Kaiserslautern | Kaiserslautern | Fritz-Walter-Stadion | 49,780 |
Karlsruher SC | Karlsruhe | BBBank Wildpark | 29,699 |
Holstein Kiel | Kiel | Holstein-Stadion | 15,034 |
1. FC Magdeburg | Magdeburg | MDCC-Arena | 30,098 |
1. FC Nürnberg | Nuremberg | Max-Morlock-Stadion | 49,923 |
VfL Osnabrück | Osnabrück | Stadion an der Bremer Brücke | 16,667 |
SC Paderborn | Paderborn | Home Deluxe Arena | 15,000 |
Hansa Rostock | Rostock | Ostseestadion | 29,000 |
Schalke 04 | Gelsenkirchen | Veltins-Arena | 62,271 |
FC St. Pauli | Hamburg | Millerntor-Stadion | 29,546 |
Wehen Wiesbaden | Wiesbaden | BRITA-Arena | 12,250 |
Division set-up[edit]
Changes in division set-up[edit]
- Number of clubs
- Current (since 1994–95): 18 teams
- From 1974 to 1975 to 1980–81: two divisions (Nord and Süd)
- From 1974 to 1975 to 1978–79: 20 teams each
- 1979–80: 20 teams (Nord), 21 teams (Süd)
- 1980–81: 22 teams (Nord), 20 teams (Süd)
- From 1981 to 1982 to 1990–91: 20 teams
- 1991–92: two divisions (Nord and Süd) of 12 teams each, divisions split into promotion/relegation groups of 6 teams each after 22 rounds
- 1992–93: 24 teams
- 1993–94: 20 teams
- Teams promoted to the Bundesliga: 3; 1981–1991 there was a promotion/relegation round, in 1991–92 there was 1 promotion per group.
- Number of relegations into theRegionalliga(until 1994:Oberliga): 4; 1991–92: 2–3 per group (inclusive relegation); 1992–93: 7.
Promotion and relegation[edit]
- From the 1992–93 season to the 2008–09 season, the top three teams gained promotion into theBundesliga;after this, and to the present, only the top two teams are promoted automatically, and the third placed team plays a two-leg playoff against the team that finishes 16th in the Bundesliga.
- Until the 2007–08 season, the bottom four teams were relegated into theRegional leagues.Since the 2008–09, following the inception of the3. Liga,only the bottom two teams are relegated into the 3. Liga automatically; the third from bottom team can avoid relegation by winning a two-leg playoff against the team that finishes in third place in the 3. Liga.
League rules[edit]
Since the 2006–07 season there is no longer a limit on non-EU players in the league. Instead clubs are required to have 8 players on the squad who have come up through the youth system of a German club, 4 of which have to come from the club's own youth system.[75]Seven substitutes are permitted to be selected, from which three can be used in the duration of the game.
League champions[edit]
Second Bundesliga North[edit] |
Second Bundesliga South[edit]
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Second Bundesliga[edit]
Second Bundesliga North[edit]
|
Second Bundesliga South[edit]
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Second Bundesliga[edit]
- Bolddenotes team earned promotion.
Promoted and relegated teams[edit]
The list of teams that earned promotion to and from the 2. Bundesliga or were relegated from the league:
Records[edit]
- The 2. Bundesliga is the only football league inGermanyin which teams from all federal states have already played.
- Greuther Fürthhas collected the most points as of the end of the2022–23 season.Since 1974 the club has won 1,708 points in 1,160 second division games and has been leading the all-time table of the 2. Bundesliga since September 2017. This is followed byFC St. Pauliwith 1,621 points from 1,096 games andHannover 96with 1,498 points from 988 games.[76]
- Greuther Fürthhave scored the most goals with 1,721 in 1,484 games.[76]
- The best goal difference was achieved byHannover 96with +304.[76]
- So far, eight clubs have managed to march straight through from the third division to the Bundesliga:1860 Munichin 1994,Fortuna Düsseldorfin 1995,Arminia Bielefeldin 1996,1. FC Nürnbergin 1998,SSV Ulm 1846in 1999,1899 Hoffenheimin 2008,Darmstadt 98in 2015 andSC Paderbornin 2019.
- The most consistent club in this league wasSC Fortuna Köln,which remained in the 2. Bundesliga for 26 years without interruption until 2000. The currently "longest-serving" team isFC St. Pauli,which has played 2. Bundesliga for 12 seasons without interruption since 2011 (including the2022–23 season).
- Hertha BSCachieved the best single-season points record in the single-track 2. Bundesliga in the2012–13 season,with 22 wins, 10 draws and 2 defeats, i.e. 76 points (three-point rule).[77]However, this result was surpassed in absolute terms in the "unification season"1992–93,when 24 teams played in the league and 46 match days took place.
- For a comparison of the season results in the 2. Bundesliga as a whole (both single and double track time), the figures relative to the number of games are more meaningful because the size of the league and the relays changed several times.Arminia Bielefeldachieved the best relative season result in the1979–80season with 78.9% wins, 15.8% draws and 5.3% defeats, 1,737: 0,263 points (two-point rule) or 2,526 points (three-point rule), 3,158: 0,816 goals, Goal difference +2,342. This is also the record for the absolute goal difference (+89). The best result in absolute points was that ofWerder Bremenin1980–81(68:16 points, 98 according to the three-point rule – season size 22, i.e. 42 game days).
- Horst Hrubeschscored the most goals in one season forRot-Weiss Essen(41 goals in the1977–78 season).[78][79][80]
- Hertha BSCscored the most goals in a single season with 123 in the1980–81 season.
- Karlsruher SCwas the only team to be in the promotion spot on all 34 game days of a second division season, in the2006–07 season.
- Willi Landgrafplayed the most games in the 2. Bundesliga, with a total of 508 games forRot-Weiss Essen(119),FC 08 Homburg(107),FC Gütersloh 2000(94) andAlemannia Aachen(188). Landgraf never played in the Bundesliga, but he played for the then-second divisionAlemannia Aachenin theUEFA Cup.[81][82]
- Arminia Bielefeldcelebrated the largest victory in the 2. Bundesliga in the1979–80 season,an 11–0 win againstSV Arminia Hannover.[83]Four more games in the second division also ended with a double-digit result.FC St. Pauliwon 10–2 in the1974–75 seasonagainstVfL Wolfsburg[84]andFreiburger FCagainstWürzburger FVin the1979–80 season.[85]SpVgg Bayern HofdefeatedBSV 07 Schwenningen(1976–77) 10–1.[86]Karlsruher SCrecorded a 10–0 win againstESV Ingolstadt-Ringsee (1979–80 season).[87]The largest victory after the introduction of the single-track2. Bundesliga in 1981was achieved byFC Hansa Rostockin the2008–09 seasonwith a 9–0 win againstTuS Koblenz.[88]A team left a total of five times as 8–0 winners, namelySV Waldhof MannheimagainstBV Lüttringhausen[89](1982–83 season),Hannover 96againstKarlsruher SC(1986–87 season),[90]SV Darmstadt 98againstFSV Salmrohr(also1986–87 season),[91]theStuttgarter KickersatSSV Ulm 1846(1987–88 season)[92]andSpVgg Unterhachingagainst1. FC Saarbrücken(2001–02 season).[93]
- The game with the most goals was a 7–6 win for1. FC KaiserslauternagainstSV Meppenon matchday 34 of the1996–97 season.[94]
- Benjamin SiegertfromSV Wehen Wiesbadenscored not only the fastest goal in the history of the second division but also in German professional football after eight seconds in a 1–1 draw againstGreuther Fürthon 5 October 2007.[95][1]The most common pairings wereSC Fortuna KölnagainstHannover 96andSG Wattenscheid 09(40 games each in 20 seasons).
- The game with the highest number of spectators in the 2. Bundesliga was in the2010–11 season,when 77,116 spectators saw the game betweenHertha BSCandFC Augsburg.The lowest number of spectators was the game betweenAlemannia Aachenand1. FC Nürnberg2003–04,which was a ghost game with no spectators after fan riots occurred (this does not include matches played behind closed doors due to theCOVID-19 pandemic).[96]
Player records[edit]
Appearances[edit]
- As of end of2023–24 season.[97]
Rank | Player | Apps | Years | Club(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() |
508 | 1987–2006 | Alemannia Aachen188,Rot-Weiss Essen119,FC Homburg107,FC Gütersloh94 |
2 | ![]() |
479 | 1974–1989 | Alemannia Aachen479 |
3 | ![]() |
463 | 1977–1991 | SC Freiburg287,Freiburger FC176 |
4 | ![]() |
440 | 1974–1989 | Hessen Kassel231,Schwarz-Weiß Essen118,Wormatia Worms59,Hannover 9632 |
5 | ![]() |
428 | 1975–1988 | Union Solingen428 |
6 | ![]() |
416 | 1977–1990 | Fortuna Köln344,Preußen Münster72 |
7 | ![]() |
411 | 1983–1998 | SV Meppen244,VfL Osnabrück167 |
8 | ![]() |
407 | 1974–1989 | Kickers Offenbach304,SV Röchling Völklingen103 |
9 | ![]() |
403 | 1977–1989 | Darmstadt 98290,FSV Frankfurt113 |
10 | ![]() |
399 | 1975–1994 | Fortuna Köln212,Union Solingen187 |
Top scorers[edit]
- As of end of2023–24 season.[98]
Rank | Player | Goals | Apps | Ratio | Years | Club(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() |
177 | 311 | 0.57 | 2008–2024 | VfL Bochum(41/66),Schalke 04(35/58),1. FC Köln(29/33),VfB Stuttgart(25/32),Hamburger SV(24/33),Union Berlin(23/87),MSV Duisburg(0/2) |
2 | ![]() |
153 | 201 | 0.76 | 1978–1987 | Hannover 96(131/160),Fortuna Köln(22/41) |
3 | ![]() |
150 | 272 | 0.55 | 1974–1983 | Fortuna Köln(143/247),Alemannia Aachen(7/25) |
4 | ![]() |
123 | 293 | 0.42 | 1985–1994 | Hertha BSC(67/148),Alemannia Aachen(47/125),Hannover 96(8/20) |
5 | ![]() |
121 | 317 | 0.38 | 1987–2001 | Mainz 05(55/179),Fortuna Düsseldorf(49/74),Hertha BSC(17/64) |
6 | ![]() |
120 | 273 | 0.44 | 1974–1983 | Kickers Offenbach(98/237),Wattenscheid 09(13/20),Rot-Weiß Oberhausen(9/16) |
7 | ![]() |
117 | 393 | 0.30 | 1982–1997 | Union Solingen(59/193),FC Homburg(34/133),VfB Lübeck(24/67) |
8 | ![]() |
116 | 242 | 0.48 | 1974–1984 | VfL Osnabrück(95/205),Arminia Bielefeld(21/37) |
9 | ![]() |
115 | 213 | 0.54 | 1975–1987 | FC St. Pauli(42/73),ESV Ingolstadt(23/36),Wuppertaler SV(19/32),1860 Munich(19/35),Hannover 96(12/37) |
![]() |
115 | 233 | 0.49 | 1979–1988 | VfL Osnabrück(52/108),Freiburger FC(36/69),Waldhof Mannheim(16/37),OSC Bremerhaven(11/19) |
Match records[edit]
Largest win[99] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Arminia Bielefeld–Arminia Hannover11–0 (23 May 1980) | 11 | |||
Most goals in a game[100] | ||||
1. FC Kaiserslautern–SV Meppen7–6 (11 June 1997) | 13 | |||
Most goals in a game for a player[101] | ||||
Ottmar Hitzfeld– (VfB Stuttgart–Jahn Regensburgon 13 May 1977) | 6 |
Spectators[edit]
The spectator figures since 1992, when the league returned to the single division format:
Spectators | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Season | Over all | Average | Best supported club | Average |
1992–93[102] | 3,098,153 | 5,613 | FC St. Pauli | 14,120 |
1993–94[103] | 2,649,849 | 6,973 | 1860 Munich | 19,553 |
1994–95[104] | 2,238,271 | 7,315 | FC St. Pauli | 17,211 |
1995–96[105] | 2,300,480 | 7,518 | 1. FC Nürnberg | 16,465 |
1996–97[106] | 2,731,439 | 8,952 | 1.FC Kaiserslautern | 36,680 |
1997–98[107] | 2,843,170 | 9,291 | 1. FC Nürnberg | 24,759 |
1998–99[108] | 2,635,431 | 8,613 | Hannover 96 | 19,229 |
1999–2000[109] | 3,735,624 | 12,208 | 1. FC Köln | 28,853 |
2000–01[110] | 3,218,861 | 10,519 | Borussia Mönchengladbach | 23,458 |
2001–02[111] | 2,760,839 | 9,022 | Hannover 96 | 20,562 |
2002–03[112] | 3,403,895 | 11,124 | 1. FC Köln | 26,459 |
2003–04[113] | 2,911,457 | 9,515 | 1. FC Nürnberg | 16,152 |
2004–05[114] | 4,135,108 | 13,513 | 1. FC Köln | 38,482 |
2005–06[115] | 4,024,776 | 13,153 | 1860 Munich | 41,932 |
2006–07[116] | 5,112,072 | 16,706 | 1. FC Köln | 42,194 |
2007–08[117] | 5,551,586 | 18,142 | 1. FC Köln | 43,763 |
2008–09[118] | 4,814,737 | 15,734 | 1. FC Kaiserslautern | 34,409 |
2009–10[119] | 4,616,048 | 15,085 | 1. FC Kaiserslautern | 35,398 |
2010–11[120] | 4,526,857 | 14,794 | Hertha BSC | 46,131 |
2011–12[121] | 5,276,103 | 17,242 | Eintracht Frankfurt | 37,641 |
2012–13[122] | 5,274,798 | 17,238 | 1. FC Köln | 40,688 |
2013–14[123] | 5,475,652 | 17,894 | 1. FC Köln | 46,176 |
2014–15[124] | 5,405,811 | 17,666 | 1. FC Kaiserslautern | 33,013 |
2015–16[125] | 5,857,626 | 19,143 | 1. FC Nürnberg | 30,723 |
2016–17[126] | 6,645,406 | 21,717 | VfB Stuttgart | 50,515 |
2017–18[127] | 5,380,757 | 17,584 | 1. FC Nürnberg | 30,558 |
2018–19[128] | 5,853,246 | 19,128 | 1. FC Köln | 49,547 |
2019–20[129] | 4,583,300 | 14,978 | VfB Stuttgart | 39,503[130] |
2020–21[131] | 104,547 | 342 | Hannover 96 | 982[132] |
2021–22[133] | 4,123,434 | 13,699 | Schalke 04 | 33,528[134] |
2022–23[135] | 6,800,413 | 22,224 | Hamburger SV | 53,529 |
2023–24[136] | 8,929,748 | 29,182 | Schalke 04 | 61,502 |
Top scorers[edit]
The most recent top goal scorers in the league:[137]
Top scorers | |||
---|---|---|---|
Season | Top scorer(s) | Club(s) | Goals |
2012–13 | ![]() |
Eintracht Braunschweig | 19 |
2013–14 | ![]() ![]() |
Paderborn 07/Erzgebirge Aue | 15 |
2014–15 | ![]() |
Karlsruher SC | 17 |
2015–16 | ![]() |
VfL Bochum | 25 |
2016–17 | ![]() |
VfB Stuttgart | 25 |
2017–18 | ![]() |
Holstein Kiel | 18 |
2018–19 | ![]() |
1. FC Köln | 29 |
2019–20 | ![]() |
Arminia Bielefeld | 21 |
2020–21 | ![]() |
Darmstadt 98 | 27 |
2021–22 | ![]() |
Schalke 04 | 30 |
2022–23 | ![]() |
1. FC Heidenheim | 25 |
2023–24 | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Hamburger SV/Hertha BSC/Fortuna Düsseldorf | 22 |
Second division in the European Cup[edit]
So far, clubs of the 2. Bundesliga have participated in the European Cup six times:
- After the East GermanDFVwas incorporated into the now all-GermanDFBin 1991, the formerDDR-OberligaclubsFC Rot-Weiß ErfurtandHallescher FC,which were integrated into the 2. Bundesliga, took part in the UEFA Cup in 1991–92. WhileHallewas eliminated in the first round againstFC Torpedo Moscow,[138]FC Rot-Weiß Erfurtlost toAjax Amsterdamin the second round.[139]
- In1992–93,Hannover 96took part in theEuropean Cup Winners' CupasDFB Cupwinners. In the first round, despite a 2–1 in the second leg at home against defending championsWerder Bremen,due to a 1–3 defeat in the first leg, Hannover was narrowly eliminated from the competition.[140]
- In 1996–97, theDFB Cupwinners1. FC Kaiserslauterntook part in theEuropean Cup Winners' Cupafter being relegated to the 2. Bundesliga, but was also eliminated in the first round after a 1–0 and 0–4 nV againstRed Star Belgrade.[141]
- In2001–02 season,the second divisionUnion Berlinqualified for the UEFA Cup, as the team (still as a third division) was inferior to theSchalke 04team in the cup final, but they took part in the Champions League through their runners-up. After a win againstHaka ValkeakoskifromFinland,theBerlinteam was eliminated in the second round against theBulgarianteamPFC Litex Lovech.[142]
- In2004–05,Alemannia Aachenwas also able to take part in the UEFA Cup as a defeated cup finalist, as cup winnerWerder Brementook part in the Champions League as champions. Alemannia Aachen reached the group stage against theIcelandicteamFH Hafnarfjörður[143]and even the round of the last 32 teams (round of 32) through victories againstLille[144]andAEK Athens,[145]but were eliminated after a 0–0 and 1–2 againstAZ.Since 2014–15, only the victor of the cup final is allowed to participate in theUEFA Europa League.[146]
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- ^2. Bundesliga 2003/2004 » Zuschauer(in German)weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2003–04. Retrieved 18 February 2014
- ^2. Bundesliga 2004/2005 » Zuschauer(in German)weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2004–05. Retrieved 18 February 2014
- ^2. Bundesliga 2005/2006 » Zuschauer(in German)weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2005–06. Retrieved 18 February 2014
- ^2. Bundesliga 2006/2007 » Zuschauer(in German)weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2006–07. Retrieved 18 February 2014
- ^2. Bundesliga 2007/2008 » Zuschauer(in German)weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2007–08. Retrieved 18 February 2014
- ^2. Bundesliga 2008/2009 » Zuschauer(in German)weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2008–09. Retrieved 18 February 2014
- ^2. Bundesliga 2009/2010 » Zuschauer(in German)weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2009–10. Retrieved 18 February 2014
- ^2. Bundesliga 2010/2011 » Zuschauer(in German)weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2010–11. Retrieved 18 February 2014
- ^2. Bundesliga 2011/2012 » Zuschauer(in German)weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2011–12. Retrieved 18 February 2014
- ^2. Bundesliga 2012/2013 » Zuschauer(in German)weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2012–13. Retrieved 18 February 2014
- ^2. Bundesliga 2013/2014 » Zuschauer(in German)weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2013–14. Retrieved 18 February 2014
- ^2. Bundesliga 2014/2015 » Zuschauer(in German)weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2014–15. Retrieved 19 May 2015
- ^"2. Bundesliga 2015/2016" Zuschauer "(in German). Weltfussball.de.Retrieved4 May2016.
- ^"2. Bundesliga 2016/2017" Zuschauer "(in German). Weltfussball.de.Retrieved21 May2017.
- ^"2. Bundesliga 2017/2018" Zuschauer "(in German). Weltfussball.de.Retrieved22 August2018.
- ^"2. Bundesliga 2018/2019" Zuschauer "(in German). Weltfussball.de.Retrieved19 May2019.
- ^"2. Bundesliga 2019/2020" Zuschauer "(in German). Weltfussball.de.Retrieved29 June2020.
- ^The last matchdays were played behind closed doors due to theCOVID-19 pandemic.
- ^"2. Bundesliga 2020/2021" Zuschauer "(in German). Weltfussball.de.Retrieved23 May2021.
- ^The majority of matches were played behind closed doors due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
- ^"2. Bundesliga 2021/2022" Zuschauer "(in German). Weltfussball.de.Retrieved15 May2022.
- ^The majority of the first half of the season were played behind closed doors due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
- ^"2. Bundesliga 2022/2023" Zuschauer "(in German). Weltfussball.de.Retrieved28 May2023.
- ^"2. Bundesliga 2023/2024" Zuschauer "(in German). Weltfussball.de.Retrieved20 May2024.
- ^"Germany" 2. Bundesliga "Top Scorer".Worldfootball.Retrieved18 August2021.
- ^"UEFA-Pokal, 1991/1992, 1. Runde"(in German). DEUTSCHER FUSSBALL-BUND.Retrieved5 May2021.
- ^"Rot-Weiß Erfurt – Ajax Amsterdam"(in German). sport.de.Retrieved5 May2021.
- ^"Pokal der Pokalsieger 1992/1993 – 1. Runde – Di., 15.09.1992"(in German). fussballdaten.Retrieved11 May2021.
- ^"Red Star Belgrade".Sport.de.Retrieved11 May2021.
- ^"Friendly, 10. Matchday".1. FC Union Berlin.Retrieved17 May2021.
- ^"UEFA-Pokal, 2004/2005, 1. Runde"(in German). DEUTSCHER FUSSBALL-BUND.Retrieved20 May2021.
- ^"Alemannia Aachen – Lille OSC"(in German). sport.de.Retrieved20 May2021.
- ^"AEK Athen – Alemannia Aachen"(in German). sport.de.Retrieved20 May2021.
- ^"UEFA-Cup Direktvergleich"(in German). kicker.Retrieved20 May2021.
External links[edit]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Deutscher Fußball-Bund (DFB)(in German)
- bundesliga