2008
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2008(MMVIII) was aleap year starting on Tuesdayof theGregorian calendar,the 2008th year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 8th year of the3rd millenniumand the21st century,and the 9th year of the2000sdecade.
2008 was designated as:
- International Year of Languages[1]
- International Year of Planet Earth[2]
- International Year of the Potato[3]
- International Year of Sanitation[4]
TheGreat Recession,a worldwide recession which began in2007,continued through the entirety of 2008.
Events[edit]
January–February[edit]
- January 1–CyprusandMaltaadopt theeurocurrency.[5][6]
- January 14– At 19:04:39UTC,the uncrewedMESSENGERspace probeis at its closest approach during its first flyby of the planetMercury.[7]
- January 21
- Stock markets around the world plunge amid growing fears of aU.S. Great Recession,fueled by the 2007subprime mortgage crisis.[8]
- Online activistgroupAnonymousinitiatesProject Chanology,after aleaked interviewofTom Cruiseby theChurch of Scientologyis published onYouTube,and the Church of Scientology issued a"copyright infringement" claim.In response, Anonymous sympathizers took to the streets toprotestoutside the church (after February 10), while the church's websites and centres were gettingDoS attacks,phone line nukes,andblack faxes.[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][excessive citations]
- January 24– A peace deal is signed inGoma,Democratic Republic of the Congo,ending theKivu conflict.[17]
- February 4– Civic mobilizations inColombiaagainstFARC,under the nameOne million voices against FARC.[18]
- February 17–Kosovoformallydeclares independencefromSerbia,to a mixed response from the international community.[19][20]
- February 18–WikiLeaksreleasesallegationsofillegal activitiescarried out by theCayman Islandsbranch ofSwiss bankingcorporationJulius Baer;a subsequentlawsuit against WikiLeaksprompts atemporary suspensionof the website, but uproar about violations offreedom of speechcauses WikiLeaks to be brought back online.[21][22]
March–April[edit]
- March 2–VenezuelaandEcuadormove troops to the Colombian border,following a Colombian raid againstFARCguerrillas inside Ecuadorian territory, in which senior commanderRaúl Reyesis killed.[23][24]
- March 8–Barisan Nasionallosestwo-thirds majority,for the first time since1969,to opposition during the2008 Malaysian general electionbut still retains control of government. The coalition also losesmajority controlof five states to the opposition.[25]
- March 9– The firstEuropean Space AgencyAutomated Transfer Vehicle,a cargo spacecraft for theInternational Space Station,launches fromGuiana Space CentreinFrench Guiana.[26]
- March 19– AnEnergyrelease of aGamma-ray burstcalled theGRB 080319Bis thebrightestevent ever recorded in theUniverse.[27]
- March 24–Bhutanholds itsfirst-ever general electionsfollowing the adoption of a newConstitutionwhich changed the country from anabsolute monarchyto a multiparty democracy.[28]
- March 25–African UnionandComorosforcesinvadethe rebel-held island ofAnjouan,returning the island to Comorian control.[29]
- April 29–Grand Theft Auto IVis released worldwide, selling over 3.6 million units and earning $310 million during the first day, becoming not only the highest grossing video game release of all-time, but also the highest grossing entertainment product release ever.[30]
May–June[edit]
- May 2–Iron Manis released in theaters, starting theMarvel Cinematic Universe.
- May 3–Cyclone Nargispasses throughMyanmar,killing more than 138,000 people.[31]
- May 12– An earthquake measuring 7.9 on themoment magnitude scalestrikes Sichuan, China,killing an estimated 87,000 people.[32]
- May 20–24– TheEurovision Song Contest 2008takes place inBelgrade,Serbia,and is won byRussianentrantDima Bilanwith the song "Believe".
- May 21
- Manchester Unitedwins their thirdEuropean Cupand secondChampions Leagueafter they beatChelseain the first all-English final in the history of the competition. Manchester United won the match 6–5 on penalties, following a 1–1 draw after extra time.
- TheUnion of South American Nations,an intergovernmental organization between states inSouth America,is founded.[33]
- TheInternational Court of JusticeawardsMiddle RockstoMalaysiaandPedra BrancatoSingapore,ending a 29-yearterritorial disputebetween the two countries.[34]
- May 25–NASA's uncrewedPhoenixspacecraft becomes the first to land on the northern polar region ofMars.[35]
- May 28– TheLegislature Parliament of Nepalvotes overwhelmingly in favor of abolishing the country's240-year-old monarchy,turning the country into a republic.[36]
- May 30– InternationalConvention on Cluster Munitionsis adopted in Dublin.[37]
- June 7–29–AustriaandSwitzerlandjointly host theUEFA Euro 2008football tournament, which is won bySpain.
- June 11
- TheFermi Gamma-ray Space Telescopeis launched.[38]
- Canadian Prime MinisterStephen Harperformally apologizes, on behalf of the Canadian government, to the country'sFirst Nationsfor theCanadian Indian residential school system.[39]
- June 14–Expo 2008opens inZaragoza,Spain, lasting to September 14, with the topic "Water and sustainable development".[40]
- June 14– A6.9 magnitude earthquakeinIwate Prefecture,Japan,kills 12 and injures more than 400.[41]
July–August[edit]
- July 2–Íngrid Betancourtand 14 other hostages arerescuedfromFARCrebels byColombiansecurity forces.[42]
- July 11–South Koreasuspends all trips toNorth Korea'sMount Kumgangafter a 53-year-old South Korean tourist is shot and killed by a North Korean sentry.[43]
- July 21–Radovan Karadžić,the first president of theRepublika Srpska,is arrested inBelgrade,Serbia,on allegations of war crimes, following a 12-year-longmanhunt.[44]
- August 1
- India and United States sign the historicCivil Nuclear deal.
- Eleven mountaineers from international expeditions die onK2,the second-highest mountain on Earth, in theworst single accidentin the history of K2 mountaineering.[45]
- August 6– PresidentSidi Ould Cheikh AbdallahiofMauritaniais deposed in amilitary coup d'état.[46]
- August 7–Georgiaintervenes against Russian-backed separatists in itsSouth-OssetiaandAbkhaziaregions, causingRussiato invade Georgia and spark theRusso-Georgian war,the first major European land war of the 21st century.
- August 8–24– The2008 Summer Olympicstake place inBeijing,China.[47]
- August 20–Spanair Flight 5022crashes atMadrid–Barajas Airport,killing 154 people on board.
September–October[edit]
- September 5–Quentin Brycebecomes the first femaleGovernor-General of Australia.[48]
- September 10– Theproton beamis circulated for the first time in theLarge Hadron Collider,theworld's largest and highest-energyparticle accelerator,located atCERN,nearGeneva,under the Franco-Swiss border.[49][50]
- September 13–Hurricane Ikemakes landfall as a category 2 hurricane inTexas,killing 113 and causing over $30 billion in damages.
- September 15– Stocks fall sharply Monday on a triptych of Wall Street woe:Lehman Brothers' bankruptcy filing,Merrill Lynch's acquisition byBank of America,andAIG's unprecedented request for short-term financing from theFederal Reserve.[51]
- September 20– Asuicide truck bomb explosiondestroys theMarriott HotelinIslamabad,Pakistan,killing at least 54 and injuring 266.[52][53][54]
- September 28–SpaceXFalcon 1becomes the world's first privately developedspace launch vehicleto successfullymake orbit.[55][56]
- October 3–Global financial crisis:U.S. PresidentGeorge W. Bushsigns the revisedEmergency Economic Stabilization Actinto law, creating a700 billion dollar Treasury fundto purchase failing bankassets.[57]
- October 6– A controversialPeruviantape regarding aNorwegianoil companycauses the2008 Peru oil scandal,sparkingprotestswhich causeJorge de Castillotoresign from office.[58][59][60][61]
- October 21– TheLarge Hadron Collider(LHC) is officiallyinauguratedatGeneva.[62][63][64][65]
- October 22– TheIndian Space Research Organisationsuccessfully launches theChandrayaan-1spacecraft on alunar explorationmission.[66][67]
- October 30–Floodsaffected inNorthern VietnamandCentral Vietnamand lasted 5 days causing flooding in manyprovincesandcities.
- October
November–December[edit]
- November 1–Satoshi Nakamotopublishes "Bitcoin:A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System ".[69]
- November 2– In a race won byBraziliandriverFelipe Massa,British driverLewis Hamiltonends in 5th place in2008 Brazilian Grand Prixand becomes the firstblackdriver to win theFormula OneWorld Championship, and the second youngest driver to achieve the feat at the age of 23.
- November 4–2008 United States presidential election:DemocraticU.S. SenatorBarack ObamadefeatsRepublicancandidateJohn McCainand is elected the 44thPresident of the United States,making him the firstAfrican-Americanto be elected to the office.[70][71][72]
- November 19– Claudia Castillo of Spain becomes the first person to have a successfultracheatransplantusing atissue-engineeredorgan.[73]
- November 20– TheBuzzard Coulee meteoritefalls inSaskatchewan.Reported to be 5 times brighter than the full moon and is seen in Alberta, Manitoba, and even North Dakota.
- November 26–29– Members ofLashkar-e-Taibacarry out four days of coordinated bombing and shootingattacksacrossMumbai,killing 164 people.[74]
- November 27–XL Airways Germany Flight 888T.AnAirbus A320due to be redelivered toAir New Zealandstalls and crashes overMediterranean Searesulting the deaths of 7
- December 10– TheChannel IslandofSark,a BritishCrown dependency,holds itsfirst fully democratic electionsunder a new constitutional arrangement, becoming the last European territory to abolishfeudalism.[75]
- December 11–Bernard Madoffis arrested forsecurities fraudafter he was turned in by his sons for operating the largestPonzi schemein history, later known as theMadoff investment scandal.
- December 18– TheInternational Criminal Tribunal for RwandafindsThéoneste Bagosoraand two other senior Rwandan army officers guilty ofgenocide,crimes against humanityandwar crimesand sentences them tolife imprisonmentfor their role in theRwandan genocide.[76]
- December 22– An ash dikerupturedat a solid waste containment area for aTennessee Valley Authoritycoal-fired power plantinRoane County, Tennessee,releasing 4.2 million m3(1.1 billion US gal) ofcoal fly ashslurryin the largest industrial spill in U.S. history.[77]
- December 23– Amilitary coup d'étatdeposes the government ofGuineashortly after the death of longtimePresidentLansana Conté.[78]
- December 27– IsraelinvadestheGaza Strip,in response to rockets being fired into Israeli territory byHamas,and due to weapons being smuggled into the area.[79][80][81]
- December 31– An extraleap second(23:59:60) is added to end the year. The last time this occurred was in2005.
Date unknown[edit]
- European Certification and Qualification Associationis founded.[82]
- National Disaster Recovery Fund,a disaster management fund is established by theGovernment of Jamaica.[83]
Births and deaths[edit]
Nobel Prizes[edit]
- Chemistry–Martin Chalfie,Osamu Shimomura,andRoger Y. Tsien
- Economics–Paul Krugman
- Literature–J. M. G. Le Clézio
- Peace–Martti Ahtisaari
- Physics–Makoto Kobayashi,Toshihide Maskawa,andYoichiro Nambu
- Physiology or Medicine–Françoise Barré-Sinoussi,Harald zur Hausen,andLuc Montagnier
New English words[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
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External links[edit]
- 2008 Calendarat Internet Accuracy Project
