2014 Japanese general election
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All 475 seats in theHouse of Representatives of Japan 238 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Turnout | 52.65% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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General elections were held inJapanon 14 December 2014. Voting took place in allRepresentatives constituenciesofJapanincluding proportional blocks to elect themembersof theHouse of Representatives,thelower houseof theNational Diet of Japan.As thecabinetresigns in the first post-election Diet session after a general House of Representatives election (Constitution, Article 70), the lower house election also led to a newelection of the prime ministerin the Diet, won by incumbentShinzō Abe,and the appointment of a new cabinet (with some ministers re-appointed). The voter turnout in this election remains the lowest in Japanese history.
Background
[edit]In 2012, theDemocratic Partygovernment underYoshihiko Nodadecided to raise the Japanese consumption tax. This unpopular moved allowed theLiberal Democratic PartyunderShinzo Abeto regain control of the Japanese government in the2012 Japanese general election.Abe proceeded to implement a series of economic programs known as "Abenomics"in a bid to stimulate the economy. Despite these programs, Japan entered a technicalrecessionin mid-2014, which Abe blamed on the consumption tax hike, even though many members of the LDP supported the hike. Abe called a snap election on November 18, in part for the purpose of winning LDP backing to postpone the hike and pursue the Abenomics package.[1][2]
The LDP government was widely expected to win the election in a landslide, and many observers viewed the snap election as a mechanism for Abe to entrench his government at a time of relative popularity.[3]
Under 2013 changes to the electoral law designed to reducemalapportionment,district boundaries in 17 prefectures were redrawn and five districts are eliminated without replacement (one each inFukui,Yamanashi,Tokushima,KōchiandSaga). The number of first-past-the-post seats is reduced to 295, the total number of seats decreases to 475.[4]
Opinion polls
[edit]- Parties' approval ratings from 2013 to 2014
(Source:NHK)
Date | Lead | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LDP | DPJ | JRP | PFG | NKP | YP | PLP | JCP | SDP | GW | NRP | UP | JIP | Other | No Party | Undecided | ||
5–7 December | 38.1% | 11.7% | 0.1% | 5.9% | 0.3% | 4.3% | 0.9% | 0.0% | 3.7% | 0.1% | 26.3% | 8.5% | 11.8% | ||||
7–9 November | 36.6% | 7.9% | 0.2% | 2.2% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 3.5% | 0.6% | 1.2% | 0.1% | 40.0% | 7.7% | 3.4% | ||||
11–13 October | 40.2% | 5.6% | 0.1% | 4.1% | 0.5% | 0.1% | 3.3% | 0.9% | 1.4% | 0.1% | 35.0% | 8.8% | 5.2% | ||||
5–7 September | 40.4% | 5.4% | 0.7% | 0.1% | 4.3% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 3.3% | 0.5% | 0.1% | 0.4% | 36.9% | 7.8% | 3.5% | |||
8–10 August | 36.7% | 6.4% | 1.0% | 0.3% | 3.0% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 3.2% | 0.7% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 39.4% | 8.8% | 2.7% | |||
11–13 July | 34.3% | 4.8% | 1.7% | 3.6% | 0.5% | 0.3% | 3.4% | 0.9% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 42.5% | 7.6% | 8.2% | ||||
6–8 June | 36.9% | 5.1% | 1.1% | 4.0% | 0.4% | 0.1% | 2.8% | 0.6% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 42.4% | 6.7% | 5.5% | ||||
9–11 May | 41.4% | 5.6% | 1.1% | 3.7% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 2.4% | 0.9% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 37.2% | 6.9% | 4.2% | ||||
11–13 April | 38.1% | 7.4% | 1.3% | 3.4% | 0.9% | 0.2% | 3.6% | 0.6% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 37.2% | 5.2% | 0.9% | ||||
7–9 March | 38.7% | 6.5% | 1.1% | 2.2% | 0.8% | 0.1% | 3.3% | 0.8% | 0.4% | 0.1% | 40.0% | 5.2% | 1.3% | ||||
7–9 February | 36.2% | 5.8% | 1.3% | 3.9% | 1.1% | 0.3% | 3.3% | 1.4% | 0.5% | 0.2% | 41.0% | 5.2% | 4.8% | ||||
11–13 January | 40.4% | 5.8% | 1.6% | 2.8% | 0.8% | 0.1% | 1.6% | 0.7% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 40.3% | 5.5% | 0.1% | ||||
2014 | |||||||||||||||||
6–8 December | 36.7% | 7.8% | 2.1% | 2.8% | 1.2% | 0.2% | 3.1% | 0.6% | 0.0% | 38.7% | 6.8% | 2.0% | |||||
8–10 November | 41.9% | 5.2% | 1.8% | 4.4% | 1.9% | 0.3% | 3.3% | 0.4% | 0.3% | 35.1% | 5.6% | 6.8% | |||||
12–14 October | 36.1% | 5.2% | 2.1% | 3.8% | 1.2% | 0.2% | 4.0% | 0.5% | 0.3% | 41.8% | 4.9% | 5.7% | |||||
6–8 September | 40.3% | 5.5% | 2.2% | 4.4% | 2.1% | 0.0% | 3.2% | 0.7% | 0.2% | 34.6% | 6.8% | 5.7% | |||||
9–11 August | 37.9% | 7.3% | 4.6% | 4.6% | 3.2% | 0.2% | 3.5% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 30.8% | 6.2% | 7.1% | |||||
5–7 July | 42.5% | 8.0% | 2.7% | 5.3% | 3.1% | 0.5% | 3.7% | 0.9% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 24.5% | 8.4% | 18.0% | |||
7–9 June | 41.7% | 5.8% | 1.5% | 5.1% | 1.5% | 0.1% | 2.2% | 0.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 34.6% | 7.0% | 7.1% | |||
10–12 May | 43.4% | 5.3% | 2.4% | 3.7% | 2.3% | 0.3% | 2.0% | 1.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 33.3% | 6.1% | 10.1% | |||
5–7 April | 43.6% | 6.1% | 2.1% | 3.7% | 1.3% | 0.4% | 2.0% | 0.7% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 34.5% | 5.6% | 9.1% | |||
8–10 March | 40.1% | 7.0% | 3.9% | 4.4% | 3.1% | 0.3% | 2.1% | 0.6% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 31.8% | 6.6% | 8.3% | |||
10–12 February | 40.4% | 7.0% | 5.3% | 3.1% | 2.6% | 0.3% | 2.1% | 0.8% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 31.7% | 6.3% | 8.7% | |||
12–14 January | 37.8% | 7.6% | 6.5% | 4.0% | 3.7% | 0.5% | 2.7% | 0.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 30.8% | 5.4% | 7.0% | |||
2013 |
- Cabinet approval/disapproval ratings
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/2nd_and_3rd_Abe_Cabinet_Approval_Disapproval_Ratings.png/800px-2nd_and_3rd_Abe_Cabinet_Approval_Disapproval_Ratings.png)
Date | PM | ||
---|---|---|---|
Approval | Disapproval | ||
5–7 December | Shinzo Abe | 47% | 38% |
7–9 November | Shinzo Abe | 44% | 38% |
11–13 October | Shinzo Abe | 52% | 34% |
5–7 September | Shinzo Abe | 58% | 28% |
8–10 August | Shinzo Abe | 51% | 33% |
11–13 July | Shinzo Abe | 47% | 38% |
6–8 June | Shinzo Abe | 52% | 32% |
9–11 May | Shinzo Abe | 56% | 29% |
11–13 April | Shinzo Abe | 52% | 31% |
7–9 March | Shinzo Abe | 51% | 30% |
7–9 February | Shinzo Abe | 52% | 33% |
11–13 January | Shinzo Abe | 54% | 31% |
2014 | |||
21–22 December[5] | Shinzo Abe | 49% | 34% |
6–8 December | Shinzo Abe | 50% | 35% |
8–10 November | Shinzo Abe | 60% | 25% |
12–14 October | Shinzo Abe | 58% | 26% |
6–8 September | Shinzo Abe | 59% | 23% |
9–11 August | Shinzo Abe | 57% | 29% |
5–7 July | Shinzo Abe | 57% | 25% |
7–9 June | Shinzo Abe | 62% | 20% |
10–12 May | Shinzo Abe | 65% | 18% |
5–7 April | Shinzo Abe | 66% | 19% |
23–24 March[6] | Shinzo Abe | 69% | 6% |
9–10 March[7] | Shinzo Abe | 76% | 22% |
8–10 March | Shinzo Abe | 66% | 18% |
10–12 February | Shinzo Abe | 64% | 20% |
8–10 February[8] | Shinzo Abe | 71% | 18% |
12–14 January | Shinzo Abe | 64% | 22% |
11–13 January[8] | Shinzo Abe | 68% | 24% |
2013 |
Results
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/47th_Japanese_General_Election_Cartogram.svg/350px-47th_Japanese_General_Election_Cartogram.svg.png)
The LDP lost a small number of seats but slightly enlarged its majority coalition withKomeito.Turnout was a record low, and many voters viewed the election as a waste of time and money. DPJ presidentBanri Kaiedalost his seat in Tokyo while theJapanese Communist Partydoubled in strength.[9][10]The right-leaningJapan Innovation PartyandParty for Future Generationslost seats.[11]
Party | Proportional | Constituency | Total seats | +/– | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | ||||
Liberal Democratic Party | 17,658,916 | 33.11 | 68 | 25,461,449 | 48.10 | 223 | 291 | –3 | |
Democratic Party of Japan | 9,775,991 | 18.33 | 35 | 11,916,849 | 22.51 | 38 | 73 | +16 | |
Japan Innovation Party | 8,382,699 | 15.72 | 30 | 4,319,646 | 8.16 | 11 | 41 | –13 | |
Komeito | 7,314,236 | 13.71 | 26 | 765,390 | 1.45 | 9 | 35 | +4 | |
Japanese Communist Party | 6,062,962 | 11.37 | 20 | 7,040,170 | 13.30 | 1 | 21 | +13 | |
Party for Future Generations | 1,414,919 | 2.65 | 0 | 947,396 | 1.79 | 2 | 2 | New | |
Social Democratic Party | 1,314,441 | 2.46 | 1 | 419,347 | 0.79 | 1 | 2 | 0 | |
People's Life Party | 1,028,721 | 1.93 | 0 | 514,575 | 0.97 | 2 | 2 | –7 | |
Happiness Realization Party | 260,111 | 0.49 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Shiji Seitō Nashi | 104,854 | 0.20 | 0 | 0 | New | ||||
New Renaissance Party | 16,597 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Genzei Nippon | 32,759 | 0.06 | 0 | 0 | New | ||||
Future Party | 4,883 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | New | ||||
Katsuko Inumaru and Republican Party | 4,668 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
World Economic Community Party | 1,416 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Independents | 1,511,242 | 2.85 | 8 | 8 | +3 | ||||
Total | 53,334,447 | 100.00 | 180 | 52,939,790 | 100.00 | 295 | 475 | –5 | |
Valid votes | 53,334,447 | 97.45 | 52,939,790 | 96.71 | |||||
Invalid/blank votes | 1,398,283 | 2.55 | 1,801,562 | 3.29 | |||||
Total votes | 54,732,730 | 100.00 | 54,741,352 | 100.00 | |||||
Registered voters/turnout | 103,962,785 | 52.65 | 103,962,784 | 52.65 | |||||
Source:Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications,CLEA |
By prefecture
[edit]Prefecture | Total seats |
Seats won | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LDP | DPJ | JIP | Komeito | PFG | PLP | JCP | SDP | Ind. | ||
Aichi | 15 | 8 | 6 | 1 | ||||||
Akita | 3 | 3 | ||||||||
Aomori | 4 | 4 | ||||||||
Chiba | 13 | 11 | 2 | |||||||
Ehime | 4 | 4 | ||||||||
Fukui | 2 | 2 | ||||||||
Fukuoka | 11 | 11 | ||||||||
Fukushima | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Gifu | 5 | 5 | ||||||||
Gunma | 5 | 5 | ||||||||
Hiroshima | 7 | 6 | 1 | |||||||
Hokkaido | 12 | 8 | 3 | 1 | ||||||
Hyōgo | 12 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | ||||
Ibaraki | 7 | 5 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Ishikawa | 3 | 3 | ||||||||
Iwate | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | ||||||
Kagawa | 3 | 2 | 1 | |||||||
Kagoshima | 5 | 4 | 1 | |||||||
Kanagawa | 18 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Kōchi | 2 | 2 | ||||||||
Kumamoto | 5 | 4 | 1 | |||||||
Kyoto | 6 | 4 | 2 | |||||||
Mie | 5 | 3 | 2 | |||||||
Miyagi | 6 | 5 | 1 | |||||||
Miyazaki | 3 | 3 | ||||||||
Nagano | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Nagasaki | 4 | 4 | ||||||||
Nara | 4 | 3 | 1 | |||||||
Niigata | 6 | 5 | 1 | |||||||
Ōita | 3 | 2 | 1 | |||||||
Okayama | 5 | 4 | 1 | |||||||
Okinawa | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Osaka | 19 | 9 | 1 | 5 | 4 | |||||
Saga | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
Saitama | 15 | 12 | 2 | 1 | ||||||
Shiga | 4 | 4 | ||||||||
Shimane | 2 | 2 | ||||||||
Shizuoka | 8 | 6 | 2 | |||||||
Tochigi | 5 | 4 | 1 | |||||||
Tokushima | 2 | 2 | ||||||||
Tokyo | 25 | 22 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Tottori | 2 | 2 | ||||||||
Toyama | 3 | 3 | ||||||||
Wakayama | 3 | 2 | 1 | |||||||
Yamagata | 3 | 3 | ||||||||
Yamaguchi | 4 | 4 | ||||||||
Yamanashi | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
Total | 295 | 223 | 38 | 11 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
By PR block
[edit]PR block | Total seats |
Seats won | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LDP | DPJ | JIP | Komeito | JCP | SDP | ||
Chūgoku | 11 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | |
Hokkaido | 8 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Hokuriku–Shinetsu | 11 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Kinki | 29 | 9 | 4 | 8 | 4 | 4 | |
Kyushu | 21 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
Northern Kanto | 20 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | |
Shikoku | 6 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Southern Kanto | 22 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | |
Tohoku | 14 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | |
Tokai | 21 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 2 | |
Tokyo | 17 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | |
Total | 180 | 68 | 35 | 30 | 26 | 20 | 1 |
Notable losses
[edit]The most high-profile LDP candidate to lose re-election is Agriculture MinisterKoya Nishikawa,who lost by 199 votes (0.2%) to former Governor of TochigiAkio Fukuda.[12]He was questioned in October after allegedly receiving financial support from a fraudulent company.[13]
Amongst the DPJ members to lose their seats were party leaderBanri Kaieda.[14]Party for Future GenerationsleaderShintaro Ishiharawas also unsuccessful in his attempt to win a seat after receiving a low position on his party's representative ballot.[14]
Former leader of the now-dissolvedYour Partyand six-term representative for Tochigi-3rd districtYoshimi Watanabewas also defeated.[15]
The JCP gained its firstsingle-seat constituencyseat since the1996 election.Amidst a growinganti-basemovement inOkinawa,JCP candidateSeiken Akamineunseated LDP incumbentKōnosuke Kokubain a night marked with a nationwide JCP surge.[16]
Representatives
[edit]Members of House of Representatives elected from single-seat constituency
[edit]LDPKomeiDPJJIPJCPSDPPLPPFGIndependent
By-election
[edit]Year | Month and date | District | Winner | Party | Vacancy | Party | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2015 | ー | There was a reason for the implementation, but it was originally scheduled to hold a by-election in Hokkaido 5th district, but it was postponed to the next election due toapportionmentlawsuit. There were no national elections in 2015. | |||||
2016 | April 24 | Hokkaido-5th | Yoshiaki Wada | LDP | Nobutaka Machimura | LDP | Machimura died on June 1, 2015. |
Kyoto-3rd | Kenta Izumi | DP | Kensuke Miyazaki | LDP | Miyazaki resigned as a member of the House of Representatives on February 16, 2016, to take responsibility for his adultery. | ||
October 23 | Fukuoka-6th | Jiro Hatoyama | Independent | Kunio Hatoyama | LDP | Hatoyama died on June 21, 2016. | |
Tokyo-10th | Masaru Wakasa | LDP | Yuriko Koike | LDP | Koike resigned as a member of the House of Representatives July 14, 2016 to run for2016 Tokyo gubernatorial election. | ||
2017 | ー | Aomori-4th | ー | ー | Tarō Kimura | LDP | Kimura died on July 25, 2017. |
Niigata-5th | ー | ー | Tadayoshi Nagashima | LDP | Nagashima died on August 18, 2017. | ||
Ehime-3rd | ー | ー | Toru Shiraishi | LDP | Shiraishi died on March 17, 2017. |
- By-election for Aomori 4th district, Niigata 5th district, and Ehime 3rd district was scheduled to be held in October 2017, but by-election was canceled because the House of Representatives was dissolved and2017 Japanese general electionwas held.
Members of House of Representatives elected from proportional representation block
[edit]LDPKomeiDPJJIPJCPSDP
People who were elected in PR following the resignation of another member of the House of Representatives
[edit]Year | Month | block | Winner | Party | Vacancy | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2015 | October | Kinki | Tamotsu Shiiki | JIP | Hirofumi Yoshimura | Yoshimura resigned as a member of the House of Representatives on October 1, 2015, to run for 2015 Osaka mayoral election. |
2016 | April | Kinki | Keiro Kitagaki | DPJ | Kenta Izumi | Izumi lost his job as a member of the House of Representatives on April 12, 2016, to run for the by-election inKyoto 3rd district. |
October | Tokyo | Tsuyoshi Tabata | LDP | Masaru Wakasa | Wakasa lost his job as a member of the House of Representatives October 11, 2016, to run for the by-election inTokyo 10th district. | |
2017 | July | Tohoku | Izumi Yoshida | DPJ | Kazuko Kōri | Kōri lost her job as a member of the House of Representatives on July 9, 2017, to run for 2017 Sendai mayoral election. |
Aftermath
[edit]In November 2015, the Grand Bench of the Supreme Court ruled that the inequality in vote weight due to malapportionment was still in an unconstitutional state(iken jōtai);however, as in previous such rulings, it dismissed the demand to invalidate the election.[17][18]
References
[edit]- ^Wakatabe, Masazumi."Election With A Cause: Why Japan's Prime Minister Shinzo Abe Must Call General Election Now".Forbes.Retrieved2016-07-14.
- ^McCurry, Justin (2014-11-18)."Japan calls snap election".the Guardian.Retrieved2016-07-14.
- ^Boyd, John."Japan's unwanted election: Why now?".aljazeera.Retrieved2016-07-14.
- ^Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications:Chúng Nghị Viện tiểu tuyển cử khu の khu cắt り の sửa định chờ について
- ^"Approval rating for Abe Cabinet falls below 50% for 1st time since inauguration: Mainichi poll (in English)".Mainichi Shimbun.24 December 2013. Archived fromthe originalon 6 January 2014.Retrieved5 January2014.
- ^"【 sản kinh ・FNN hợp đồng thế luận điệu tra 】 an lần Nội Các duy trì 69・6%に thượng thăng cưu sơn Nội Các phát đủ khi を siêu える".MSN sản kinh ニュース.Archived fromthe originalon 2013-03-03.Retrieved2013-03-24.
- ^TBS/JNN
- ^abNội Các duy trì suất 71%, 2 hồi liền 続 thượng thăng... Đọc bán thế luận điệu tra
- ^"Abe coalition secures big Japan election win with record low turnout".Reuters.2014-12-15.Retrieved2016-07-14.
- ^"Japan election: Voters back Shinzo Abe as PM wins new term - BBC News".BBC News.14 December 2014.Retrieved2016-07-14.
- ^"Romping home".The Economist.ISSN0013-0613.Retrieved2016-07-14.
- ^NHK(Japan Broadcasting Corporation)."NHK2014 chúng viện tuyển".
- ^"Sukyandaru: Shinzo Abe's plan to raise the profile of women in his cabinet is in tatters".The Economist.25 October 2014.
- ^ab"Abe tightens grip on power as ruling coalition wins 325 seats in Lower House election".The Japan Times.15 December 2014.
- ^"Ex-Your Party leader Watanabe, ex-Tokyo Gov. Ishihara to lose seats".mainichi.jp.Archived fromthe originalon 2014-12-15.
- ^Aoki, Mizuho (15 December 2014)."Resurgent JCP has night to remember".Japan Times.Retrieved11 December2017.
- ^Nihon Keizai Shimbun,November 25, 2015:14 năm chúng viện tuyển, 1 phiếu の cách kém は “Vi hiến trạng thái” tối cao tài đại pháp đình
- ^The Japan Times,November 25, 2015:Supreme Court says December election ‘in state of unconstitutionality,’ but won't nullify results
External links
[edit]Media related toJapanese general election, 2014at Wikimedia Commons