2015
| Millennium: | 3rd millennium |
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2015(MMXV) was acommon year starting on Thursdayof theGregorian calendar,the 2015th year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 15th year of the3rd millenniumand the21st century,and the 6th year of the2010sdecade.
| 2015 by topic |
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2015 was designated by theUnited Nationsas:
Events
[edit]January
[edit]- January 1–Lithuaniaofficiallyadoptstheeuroas its currency, replacing thelitas,andbecomesthe nineteenthEurozonecountry.[2]
- January 3–7– Aseries of massacres in Baga,Nigeria and surrounding villages byBoko Haramkills more than 2,000 people.[3][4][5][6]
- January 7– Two gunmen belonging toAl-Qaeda'sYemenbranchkill 12 people and injure 11 moreat theParisheadquarters of satirical newspaperCharlie Hebdo,prompting an anti-terrorism demonstration attended by over a million people and more than 40 world leaders.[7][8]
- January 12–A Boko Haram and Islamic State assaultonKolofatain theFar North Regionof Cameroon is repelled by theCameroonian Army,who kill 143Boko HaramandIslamic Stateinsurgents.[9]
- January 15– TheSwiss National Bankabandons the cap on thefranc's value relative to theeuro,causing turmoil in international financial markets.[10][11]
- January 22– AfterHouthiforces seize the presidential palace,YemeniPresidentAbd Rabbuh Mansur Hadiresigns aftermonths of unrest.[12]
- January 25–Legislative electionsare held inGreeceto elect all 300 members of theHellenic Parliamentand theSYRIZAparty, led byAlexis Tsipras,comes out as the largest party winning 149 out of 300 seats.[13][14][15]
February
[edit]- February 12
- Leaders fromRussia,Ukraine,GermanyandFrancereach an agreement on thewar in eastern Ukrainethat includes a ceasefire and withdrawal of heavy weapons. However, several days later, the Ukrainian government and pro-Russian rebels claim that, within its first day, the ceasefire was broken 139 times, as both sides failed to withdraw their heavy weapons and fighting had continued.[16][17]
- TheUnited Nations Security CounciladoptsResolution 2199to combat terrorism.[18]
- February 14–15– A lone gunman leaves 2 dead in aterrorist attackinCopenhagen,Denmark.
- February 14–March 29– The2015 Cricket World Cupis held in Australia and New Zealand with Australia defeating New Zealand in the final.
- February 16– TheEgyptianmilitarybegins conducting airstrikes against a branch of the Islamic militant groupISILinLibyain retaliation for the group's beheading of over a dozen Egyptian Christians.[19]
March
[edit]- March 5–8– The ancient city sites ofNimrud,HatraandDur-Sharrukinin Iraq are demolished by theIslamic State of Iraq and the Levant.[20][21][22]
- March 6–NASA'sDawnprobe enters orbit aroundCeres,becoming the first spacecraft to visit adwarf planet.[23][24]
- March 12– TheIslamic State of Iraq and the Levantbecomes allies with fellowjihadistgroupBoko Haram,effectively anne xing the group.[25]
- March 20– Atotal solar eclipsewas visible in the north Atlantic, Faroe Islands, and Svalbard. It was the 61st eclipse of the120th saros cycle.
- March 24– AnAirbus A320-211operated byGermanwingsisdeliberately crashedin theFrench Alps,killing all 150 people on board.[26]
- March 25– ASaudi Arabia-led coalition of Arab countries starts amilitary intervention in Yemenin order to uphold the Yemeni government in its fight against theHouthis' southern offensive.[27][28]
- March 29–Australiawins the2015 Cricket World Cup.
April
[edit]- April 2– 148 people are killed, the majority students, in amass shootingat theGarissa University CollegeinKenya,perpetrated by the militant terrorist organizational-Shabaab.[29]
- April 4– Atotal lunar eclipsewas visible in Asia, Australia, Pacific and Americas. It was a shallow total lunar eclipse, with 0.08% of that diameter inside of Earth's umbral shadow, and it was the 30th eclipse of the132nd saros cycle.
- April 25–A magnitude 7.8 earthquakestrikesNepaland causes 8,857 deaths[30][31]in Nepal, 130 inIndia,[32]27 inChina[33]and 4 inBangladesh[34]with a total of 9,018 deaths.
- April 29– TheWorld Health Organization(WHO) declares thatrubellahas been eradicated from theAmericas.[35]
May
[edit]- May 1–October 31–Expo 2015is held inMilan, Italy.[36]
- May 7– The2015 UK General Electionresults in the firstConservativemajority government in 18 years.
- May 8– Aprison break occurredin the Iraqi town ofAl Khalis,resulting in over fifty escapees.
- May 10– First round of the2015 Polish presidential electionis held.
- May 11–12–Version OofLes Femmes d'AlgerbyPablo Picassosells forUS$179.3 million atChristie'sauction in New York, while the sculptureL'Homme au doigtbyAlberto Giacomettisells forUS$141.3 million, setting a new world recordfor a paintingandfor a sculpture,respectively.[37][38]
- May 12– Asecond major earthquakeinNepal,measuring 7.3 on themoment magnitude scale,results in 153 deaths in Nepal,[39]62 inIndia,[40]1 inChina[41]and 2 inBangladesh[41]with a total of 218 deaths.
- May 19–23– TheEurovision Song Contest 2015is held inVienna,Austria,and is won bySwedishentrantMåns Zelmerlöwwith the song "Heroes".
- May 21– ISIS captures the ancient city of Palmyra in Syria.[42]
- May 24– Second round of the2015 Polish presidential electionis held, withAndrzej Dudareigning victorious over then-incumbent presidentBronisław Komorowski.
- May 29– InTonga,theMata ʻo e Laʻa Solar Facilityis officially opened byKingTupou VI.[43]
June
[edit]- June 2–FIFAPresidentSepp Blatterannounces his intention to resign amidst anFBI-ledcorruption investigation,and calls for an extraordinary congress to elect a new president as soon as possible.[44]
- June 6– The governments ofIndiaandBangladeshofficially ratify their 1974 agreement to exchangeenclavesalong their border.[45]
- June 12–28– The inauguralEuropean Gamesare held inBaku,Azerbaijan.
- June 25–26–ISILclaim responsibility for three attacks around the world duringRamadan:
- Kobanî massacre:ISIL fighters detonate threecar bombs,enterKobanî, Syria,and open fire at civilians, killing more than 220.[46]
- Sousse attacks:22-year-old Seifeddine Rezgui opens fire at a tourist resort atPort El Kantaoui,Tunisia,killing 38 people.[47]
- Kuwait mosque bombing:A suicide bomber attacks the Shia Mosque Imam Ja'far as-Sadiq atKuwait City, Kuwait,killing 27 people and injuring 227 others.[48]
- June 30–Cubabecomes the first country in the world to eradicatemother-to-child transmissionofHIVandsyphilis.[49]
July
[edit]- July 1–Greek government-debt crisis:Greecebecomes the first advanced economy to miss a payment to theInternational Monetary Fundin the 71-year history of the IMF.[50]
- July 5–13– Greek government-debt crisis: After six months of clashes and futile negotiations between Greece'snewly elected,leftist government and the country's creditors, over the austerity measures imposed through bailout programmes, tension peaks as Greecevotesin a referendum to reject the terms offered in a third programme;[51]however, the government eventually proceeds to concur toharsher termsthan those offered before, in what was widely characterized as a coup on the creditors' part.[52]
- July 14
- NASA'sNew Horizonsspacecraft performs a close flyby ofPluto,becoming the first spacecraft in history to visit the distant world.[53]
- Iranagreesto long-term limits of itsnuclear programin exchange for sanctions relief.[54]
- July 20–Cubaand theUnited States,ending 54 years of hostility between the nations,reestablish full diplomatic relations.[55]
- July 24–Turkeybeginsa series of airstrikesagainstPKKandISILtargets after the2015 Suruç bombing.[56]
- July 29–Microsoftreleases the desktop operating systemWindows 10.[57]
- July 31– TheInternational Olympic CommitteeawardsBeijingthe right to host the2022 Winter Olympics.[58]
August
[edit]- August 5– Debris found onRéunion Islandis confirmed to be that ofMalaysia Airlines Flight 370,missing since March 2014.[59]
- August 12and15–Large explosionsinTianjin, Chinakill 173 and injure more than 800 people. The causes of the explosions were found to be an overheated container of drynitrocelluloseand around 800 tonnes ofammonium nitrate.
- August 17– Abombingtakes place inside theErawan Shrineat theRatchaprasongintersection inPathum Wan District,Bangkok, Thailand,killing 20 people and injuring 125.[60]
- August 23– AUAEmilitary intelligence operation in the country ofYemenfrees one British hostage.
September
[edit]- September 9–Queen Elizabeth II,having been on the throne for 63 years, 217 days, became the longest-reigning British monarch in history and the longest-serving head of state of any nation in modern history, surpassingQueen Victoriawho had reigned for 63 years, 216 days upon her death on January 22, 1901.[61][62]
- September 10– Scientists announce the discovery ofHomo naledi,a previously unknown species ofearly humaninSouth Africa.[63]
- September 13– Apartial solar eclipsewas visible in South Africa, south Indian and Antarctica. It was the 54th eclipse of the125th saros cycle.[citation needed]
- September 14
- First observation of gravitational waves:Gravitational wavesare detected for the first time, byLIGO.This is not announced until February 11, 2016.[64]
- Malcolm TurnbulldefeatsTony Abbottin aLiberal Partyleadership ballot.[65]Turnbull becomesPrime Minister of Australia,being sworn in the following day.[66]
- September 16– An8.4 earthquakestrikes 46 km fromCoquimbo(inChile). 22 people are killed and 34 more injured.
- September 18–October 31– The2015 Rugby World Cupis held inEnglandand is won byNew Zealand
- September 18– AutomakerVolkswagenis alleged to have been involved in worldwiderigging of diesel emissions tests,affecting an estimated 11 million vehicles globally.[67][68]
- September 20–Snap legislative electionsare held inGreece,following the resignation ofprime ministerAlexis Tsipras,to elect all 300 members of theHellenic Parliamentand theSYRIZAparty, led by Alexis Tsipras comes out as the largest party winning 145 out of 300 seats.[69][70][71][72]
- September 24– Astampededuring theHajjpilgrimage inMeccakills at least 2,200 people and injures more than 900 others, with more than 650 missing.[73]
- September 28–NASAannounces that liquid water has been found onMars.[74]
- September 30– Russia beginsair strikesagainstISILandanti-government forcesin Syria, in support of the Syrian government.[75]
October
[edit]- October 3– AUnited States airstrikeon aMédecins Sans Frontières(Doctors Without Borders) hospital inAfghanistankills an estimated 20 people.[76]
- October 10– A series ofsuicide bombingskills at least 100 people at a peace rally inAnkara, Turkey,and injures more than 400 others.[77]
- October 23–Hurricane Patriciabecomes the mostintensehurricane ever recorded in theWestern Hemisphereand the second strongest worldwide, with winds of 215 mph and a pressure of 872 mbar.[78]
- October 25– The2015 Polish parliamentary electionis held for theSejmof the Republic of Poland, with the election being won by the largest opposition party, the right-wingLaw and Justice(PiS).
- October 26– Amagnitude 7.5 earthquakestrikes theHindu Kushregion and causes 398 deaths,[79]with 279 inPakistan,115 inAfghanistanand 4 inIndia.
- October 30–Colectiv nightclub fire:a fire ignited by a failed fireworks show sets the walls and columns covered in foam of the Colectiv nightclub, located inRomania's capitalBucharest.27 people die at the scene, including four out the five members of the Romanian metalcore band "Goodbye to Gravity",and 37 would succumb later due to the injuries and intoxication with fumes, but also because of the poor treatment conditions. The event and the poor management of the situationspark a riotin all of Romania, known as the "Colectiv Revolution".
- October 31–Metrojet Flight 9268,anAirbus A321airliner en route toSaint PetersburgfromSharm el-Sheikh,crashes near Al-Hasana in Sinai, killing all 217 passengers and 7 crew members on board. Later investigations revealed a bomb was likely responsible for the crash with Islamic State being the primary suspect.[80]
November
[edit]- November 4– Romanian prime-ministerVictor Pontaresigns amid calls from the people angered by theColectiv nightclub fire,marking the end of an almost four years period ofunrest in Romania.Peaceful protests would continue until November 9.
- November 9– alignDRAW, first AI model to create images using prompts by Elman Mansimov.[81]
- November 7– CPC general secretaryXi Jinpingand ROC presidentMa Ying-jeouformally meetfor the first time.[82]
- November 12– Two suicide bombersdetonated explosivesin Bourj el-Barajneh, Beirut, killing 43 people and injuring over 200 others.
- November 13–Multiple terrorist attacksclaimed byIslamic State of Iraq and the Levant(ISIL) inParis, France,result in 130 fatalities.[83]
- November 24–Turkeyshoots downaRussianfighter jet on theTurkish–Syrian borderin the first case of aNATOmember destroying a Russian aircraft since the 1950s.[84]
- November 30– The2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference(COP 21) is held in Paris, attended by leaders from 147 nations.[85]
December
[edit]- December 2–Two gunmen open fireat a workplace inSan Bernardino,California,killing 14 before dying themselves in a shootout with police.ISILclaimed responsibility.[86]
- December 11–OpenAI,a non-profitartificial intelligenceresearch company, is founded.[87]
- December 12– A globalclimate changepact isagreedat theCOP 21 summitin Paris, committing all countries to reducecarbon emissionsfor the first time.[88]
- December 15– TheIslamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalitionis formed in order to fight terrorism.[89]
- December 22–SpaceXlands an uncrewedFalcon 9rocket, the firstreusable rocketto successfully enter orbital space and return.[90]
Births and deaths
[edit]Nobel Prizes
[edit]
- Chemistry–Paul L. Modrich;Aziz SancarandTomas Lindahl
- Economics–Angus Deaton
- Literature–Svetlana Alexievich
- Peace–Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet[91]
- Physics–Takaaki KajitaandArthur B. McDonald
- Physiology or Medicine–William C. Campbell,Satoshi ŌmuraandTu Youyou
New English words
[edit]Popular culture
[edit]In the time travel filmBack to the Future Part II(1989),Doc Brown,Marty McFly,and Marty's girlfriendJennifer Parkertravel toOctober 21,2015 to prevent Marty's son from being arrested.
The Japanese animated mecha television series Neon Genesis Evangelion (Released 1995) is set in the year 2015, in which earth is under attack from mysterious entities known as "angels".
See also
[edit]
References
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