Legislative elections were held inKazakhstanon 20 March 2016. The date was set by presidentNursultan Nazarbayevon 20 January 2016, when he dissolved theMäjilisafter it had requested dissolution on 13 January, with the reason cited being the economic crisis caused by low oil prices. Normally, the term of the Mäjilis would have expired in fall of 2016.[1]
In the2015 Kazakh presidential election,PresidentNursultan Nazarbayevwon 97.7% of the vote with lack of any opposition candidates. From there, he announced that theNurly Zholeconomic stimulus would remain as top priority in dealing with the economic troubles and that the sanctions against Russia can't be stay forever, believing that theconflict in Ukrainewould eventually end in peace.[3][4]Despite the promises, the price of oil continued dropping and Kazakhstan's exports shrank by 40%. In August 2015, the tenge lost 5% of its value against dollar. Chairman of theNational Bank of KazakhstanKairat Kelimbetovdismissed the claims of currency devaluation saying that "this is a transition to a freely floating rate when the market itself determines a balanced exchange rate on the basis of supply and demand."[5][6]The inflation rate though did drop by 3.7% from the beginning of the year because of low oil prices and weak domestic demand.[7]By October 2015, the tenge devalued by 40% and the inflation rate eventually rose again by 13% at the end of the year.[8][9]
On 13 January 2016 members of theMäjilisvoted unanimously to request Nazarbayev dissolve parliament. The reason was Nazarbayev's warning about a potential upcoming "real crisis" that would be caused by low oil prices.[10]One week later, Nazarbayev set 20 March 2016 as the date for the snap elections, which would be held concurrently with elections tomäslihats(local legislative bodies).[11]
The 98 directly elected members of the Mäjilis were elected from a single nationwide constituency byproportional representationwith a 7%electoral threshold.Seats were allocated using thelargest remainder method.If parties had an equal largest remainder, the party that was registered first was awarded the seat. If only one party crossed the threshold, the party with the second highest number of votes was to be awarded at least two seats.[12]A further nine seats were elected by theAssembly of People,a body selected by the President.[13]
Nur Otanparty secretary Farhad Quanganov in an interview to Vlast.kz said that "all the necessary organizational and preparatory work has already begun." He called the parliamentary elections "a historic opportunity to become even stronger, even more united, to ensure the effective implementation of five institutional reforms and the Plan of the Nation '100 Concrete Steps'."[14]
The party held its 17th Extraordinary Congress at thePalace of IndependenceinAstanaon 29 January 2016. Nur Otan presented its electoral program named "Kazakhstan 2021: Unity, Stability, Creation" which noted its achievements in economic growth of 7%, GDP growth per-capita by 17 times, the creation of the National Fund which accumulated over $63.5 billion over 17 years, first industrial programs, Kazakhstan's entry into the top 10 world exporters in grain, and an increase in population by 3 million. President and party chairmanNursultan Nazarbayevassured Kazakhstani citizens that nothing produced in the country should rise, mentioning his personal visit to the markets in Astana where he did not notice much rise in price, except for seasonal cucumbers and tomatoes which Nazarbayev claimed to be due to winter season.[15]The Nur Otan presented its party list of 127 candidates which included well-known politicians, public figures, athletes and artists in the country.[16]
On 3 February 2016, theAk Zhol Democratic Partyheld its 8th Ordinary Congress where the party unveiled its list of 35 people. Ak Zhol ChairmanAzat Peruashevat the congress said "we are not opposition to our people, our state, our President, for whom we voted. We are the opposition to injustice, incompetence, dishonesty." The party members approved a manifesto called "Ak Zhol - Time to Work", which consisted of ten points: protection of business and giving mass character to entrepreneurship; market reforms and the creation of a productive economy; an educated and healthy nation - strong and ambitious workforce; development of the employment system and reduction of unemployment; housing construction as a driver of the economy; the agro-industrial complex is a reliable support of the country; transparency and accountability of the authorities to the society; development of the spiritual and cultural sphere of the people of Kazakhstan; fight against corruption and judicial and legal reform; security for every home. The Ak Zhol expressed its desire to win at least seven seats in theMäjilis.[17]
TheCommunist People's Party of Kazakhstan(QKHP) at its 10th Ordinary Congress on 2 February 2016 announced its party list consisting of 22 people, which included2015 presidential electioncandidateTurgyn Syzdyqov.[18]The party announced its intention to preserve the ideas of scientific communism, promote the ideology ofMarxism–Leninismin the country and strategic priorities of the implemented social policy of the state to improve the quality of life for citizens. The QKHP urged all the proletarians in Kazakhstan to unite and expressed its support to fight prostitution, drug addiction and embezzlement. The party also proposed a ban on Hollywood blockbusters, believing it to be corrupting Kazakhstani youth.[19]
TheAuyl People's Democratic Patriotic Partypresented its party list of 19 candidates at its 12th Extraordinary Congress on 1 February 2016, which according to the party's chairmanÄli Bektaev,70% of them worked in production, were heads of districts and cities while some of them were heads of ministries, agencies and first deputies. The Auyl announced its electoral platform in preservation and development of the national culture, development in rural areas through the introduction of modern technologies in the agricultural sector, tight control over the targeted and rational use of agricultural land, reduction in wage gap, establishment of "luxury tax" and the increased quality standards for medical services in the villages, payment towards spouses with 3 or more children, and an increase in scholarships to the level of the social standard of consumption.
The oppositionNationwide Social Democratic Party(JSDP) was the first contesting party to hold its election campaign congress on 31 January 2016. From there, the party presented its list of 27 people from which JSDP ChairmanZharmakhan Tuyakbaystated that "there are a lot of organizational problems, in general, I tried to dodge this party list." Although he expressed doubts about running for seat in theMäjilis,Tuyakbay noted that with him, the party list would count as 28 candidates.[20]The JSDP adopted an anti-crisis platform titled "Get your voice back, get your country back!" which called to an end in the decline in the living standards of citizens, stopping the collapse of the tenge, transformation of anauthoritarianregime to ademocraticform of government, and an ensuring of the environmental safety by proposing a ban on the import and disposal of foreign nuclear and other hazardous waste on the territory of Kazakhstan. The party criticized the government's response to the crisis and sought for the expansion of production and consumption.[21]
On 5 February 2016, theBirlikannounced its participation in the elections for the first time since the party's foundation in 2013. The Birlik positioned itself as a "party of social justice" which seeks to protect an individual from lawlessness by creating equal opportunities for all citizens regardless of social, ethnic and religious backgrounds. The party announced its decision to prioritize the issues of environmental protection with a goal of establishing a clean Kazakhstan by preserving flora and fauna. The Birlik called for reforms in aimed at creating a more competitive economy and agriculture and an increase in state-defined consumer basket. According to the party's chairmanSerik Sultangali,the policies made by Birlik supports the strategic guidelines that were implemented by PresidentNursultan Nazarbayev.[22]
The nine nominees were Sauytbek Abdrahmov, Vladimir Bozhko, Natalya Zhumadildayeva, Roman Kim, Narine Mikaelyan, Ahmet Muradov, Shaimardan Nurumov, Yury Tymochenko and Shakir Khakhazov.[24]
1.68pp)
