2 euro coin

Two euro

European Union
Value	2 euro
Mass	8.5 g
Diameter	25.75 mm
Thickness	2.20 mm
Edge	Edge lettering, fine milled. Exact design varies, see below.
Composition	Outer segment: copper-nickel. Inner segment: three layers: nickel-brass, nickel, nickel-brass.
Years of minting	1999–present
Obverse
Design	Numerous variations, see below.
Designer	Various
Design date	Various
Reverse
Design	Map of Europe with the denomination shown in Latin characters
Designer	Luc Luycx
Design date	2007
Design	Map of the 15 EU countries of 1999 with the denomination shown in Latin characters
Designer	Luc Luycx
Design date	1999
Design discontinued	2007 (still in circulation as of 2024)

The2 euro coin(€2) is the highest-valueeuro coinand has been used since the introduction of theeuro(in its cash form) in 2002.The coin is made of twoalloys:the inner part of nickelbrass,the outer part of copper-nickel. All coins have a common reverse side and country-specific national sides. The coin has been used since 2002, with the present common side design dating from 2007.

The €2 coin is the euro coin subject to legal-tendercommemorative issuesand hence there is a large number of national sides, including three issues of identical commemorative sides by all eurozone members.

History

The coin dates from 2002, wheneuro coinsandnoteswere introduced in the 12-membereurozoneand itsrelated territories.The common side was designed byLuc Luycx,a Belgian artist who won a Europe-wide competition to design the new coins. The designs of the one- and two-euro coins were intended to show theEuropean Union(EU) as a whole with the then-15 countries more closely joined together than on the 10 to 50-cent coins (the 1-cent to 5-cent coins showed the EU as one, though intending to show its place in the world).

The national sides, then 15 (eurozone plusMonaco,San Marinoand theVaticanwho could mint their own) were each designed according to national competitions, though to specifications which applied to all coins such as the requirement of including twelve stars. National designs were not allowed to change until the end of 2008, unless a monarch (whose portrait usually appears on the coins) dies or abdicates. This happened in Monaco and the Vatican City, resulting in three new designs in circulation (the Vatican had an interim design until the new Pope was selected). National designs have seen some changes due to a new rule stating that national designs should include the name of the issuing country (neitherFinlandandBelgiumshow a country name, and hence have made minor changes).

In 2004 the commemorative coins were allowed to be minted in six states (a short interim period was set aside so citizens could get used to the new currency). By 2007 nearly all states had issued a commemorative issue, and the first eurozone-wide commemorative was issued to celebrate the Treaty of Rome.

As theEU's membershiphas sinceexpandedin 2004 and 2007, with further expansions envisaged, the common face of all euro coins from the value of 10 euro cent and above were redesigned in 2007 to show a new map. This map showed Europe, not just the EU, as one continuous landmass; however, Cyprus was moved west as the map cut off after theBosphorus(which was seen as excluding Turkey for political reasons). The redesign in 2007, rather than in 2004, was due to the fact that 2007 saw the first enlargement of the eurozone: the entry of Slovenia. Hence, the Slovenian design was added to the designs in circulation.

Cyprus and Malta joined in 2008, Slovakia in 2009 and Estonia in 2011, bringing four more designs. Also in 2009, the second eurozone-wide issue of a 2-euro commemorative coin was issued, celebrating ten years of the introduction of the euro. In 2012, the third eurozone-wide issue of a 2-euro commemorative coin was issued, celebrating 10 years of euro coins and notes. In 2015, the fourth eurozone-wide issue for this denomination was issued, commemorating the 30th anniversary of theflag of Europe.Four more countries,Estonia,Latvia,Lithuania,andCroatiajoined the eurozone in 2011, 2014, 2015, and in 2023, respectively.Andorrabegan minting its own designs in 2014 after winning the right to do so.

Design

The coins are composed of two alloys. The inner circle is composed of three layers (nickel brass, nickel, nickel brass) and the outer ring of copper-nickel giving them a two colour (silver outer and gold inner) appearance. The diameter of the coins is 25.75 mm, the thickness is 2.20 mm and the mass is 8.5 grams. The coins' edges are finely milled with lettering, though the exact design of the edge can vary between states with some choosing to write the issuing state's name or denomination around the edge (see "edges" below). The coins have been used from 2002, though some are dated 1999 which is the year the euro was created as a currency, but not put into general circulation.

Reverse (common) side

The reverse (used from 2007 onwards) was designed by Luc Luycx and displays a map of Europe, not including Iceland and cutting off, in asemicircle,at the Bosporus, north through the middle of Ukraine and Belarus and through northernScandinavia.Cyprus is located further west than it should be and Malta is shown disproportionally large so it appears on the map. The map has numerous indentations giving an appearance of geography rather than a flat design. Six fine lines cut across the map except where there is landmass and have a star at each end – reflecting the twelve stars on the flag of Europe. Across the map is the word EURO, and a large number 2 appears to the left hand side of the coin. The designer's initials, LL, appear next to Cyprus.

Luc Luycx designed the original coin, which was much the same except the design was only of the then 15 members in their entirety and showing border and no geographic features. The map was less detailed and the lines the stars were upon cut through where there would be landmass in eastern Europe if it were shown.

Obverse (national) sides

The obverse side of the coin depends on the issuing country. All have to include twelve stars (in most cases a circle around the edge), the engraver's initials, and the year of issue. New designs also have to include the name or initials of the issuing country. The side cannot repeat the denomination of the coin unless the issuing country uses an Alpha bet other thanLatin(currently, Greece is the only such country, hence it engraves "2 ΕΥΡΩ" upon its coins). Austria also engraves "2 EURO" on the reverse of its coins.

State	Details	Years of minting	Image
Andorran euro coins	Andorran coat of armswith the motto "virtus unita fortior" (virtue united is stronger)	2014 onward
Austrian euro coins	Bertha von Suttner,a radical Austrian pacifist andNobel Peace Prizewinner, as a symbol of Austria's efforts to support peace. The Austrian flag ishatchedbelow the denomination on the left hand side. The year appears on the right hand side.	2002 onward
Belgian euro coins	FIRST SERIES: AneffigyofKing Albert II.To the right hand side among the stars was the king'smonogram,a letter "A", underneath a crown. The year is lower down, also among the stars.	1999–2007
	SECOND SERIES: A redesign to include the letters BE (standing for Belgium) beneath the monogram, which was moved out of the stars into the centre circle but still to the right of the King's renewed portrait. The date was also moved out and placed beneath the effigy and included two symbols either side (left: signature mark of the master of the mint, right: mint mark). Initially the portrait of the king had been updated, but since this did not comply with the ECB regulations the coin design was amended to use the portrait of the original series again from 2009.	2008, 2009–2013
	THIRD SERIES: In 2013, Albert II abdicated withPhilippe of Belgiumbecoming King. He subsequently replaced Albert on Belgian euro coins.	2014 onward
Croatian euro coins	Silhouette map of Croatia with a checkerboard in the background, with the word "Hrvatska" ( "Croatia" ) written along the edge.	2023 onward
Cypriot euro coins	Idol of Pomos,aprehistoricsculpture dating from the 30th century BC, as an example of the island's historic civilisation and art. It includes the name of Cyprus in Greek andTurkish(ΚΥΠΡΟΣ and KIBRIS) on each side of the idol.	2008 onward
Estonian euro coins	A geographical image of Estonia and the word "Eesti" ( "Estonia" ).	2011 onward
Finnish euro coins	FIRST SERIES: Fruit and leaves of thecloudberry,with the date visible at the bottom above the stars. It includes the initial "M" of the mint master of the Mint of Finland, Raimo Makkonen, to the bottom right.	1999–2007
	SECOND SERIES: Redesign to meet the new design requirements, the initial was replaced by the mint's mint mark and the letters FI (for Finland) were included on the right hand side of the horizon. Changes in the mint mark occurred several times since 2007.	2007 onward
French euro coins	A stylised tree (which symbolises life, continuity and growth) upon ahexagon(l'hexagoneis often used to refer to France due to its broadly hexagonal shape). The letters RF, standing for République française (French Republic), stand each side of the trunk of the tree. Around the edge, but inside the circle of stars, is the motto of France: “liberté, égalité, fraternité”.The stars themselves are stylised, linked together by a pattern of lines. The date is located towards the bottom between the stars and the mint marks are located at the top.	1999 onward
German euro coins	TheGerman coat of arms(the German eagle) which symbolises German sovereignty. The date appears at the base of the eagle and the silver behind the stars is etched to give visual effect.	1999 onward
Greek euro coins	A depiction of the abduction ofEuropabyZeus,in the form of a bull, shown in a 3rd-centurySpartanmosaic. Europa was aPhoenicianinGreek mythology,whose name, is the origin of the continent's name, "Europe". The value of the euro in theGreek Alpha bet,2 ΕΥΡΩ, is shown below the motif. The mint's mark is to the top right, designer's initials to the left, the word "Europa" (ΕΥΡΩΠΗ) in Greek to the top left and the date on the bottom side among the stars.	2001 onward
Irish euro coins	The national emblem of Ireland, an Irish harp (the Cláirseach, seeClàrsach). Vertically on the left hand side is the word "Éire"(Ireland in theIrish language) and on the right hand side is the date. The harp motif was designed byJarlath Hayes.	2002 onward
Italian euro coins	A portrait ofDante AlighieribyRaphael.Dante was a poet in theMiddle Agesand is considered the father of theItalian languagewhile Raphael was a master artist and architect of theHigh Renaissance.The original portrait, part of theDisputation of the Holy Sacrament,is in theApostolic Palaceof Vatican City. It includes the interconnected letters IR (forRepubblica Italiana– Italian Republic), the year and the mint mark are shown to the left of Dante's face.	1999 onward
Latvian euro coins	TheLatvian maiden,which symbolises the freedom of the Republic of Latvia, with "Latvijas Republika" written on either side.	2014 onward
Lithuanian euro coins	TheVytis(symbol of the coat-of-arms) and the word "Lietuva", which means "Lithuania". The twelve stars, symbols of the EU, surrounds the Vytis.	2015 onward
Luxembourgish euro coins	A stylised effigy ofGrand Duke Henri of Luxembourg.The left 40% of the coin has the effigy cut off and the style of the stars inverted. The year, followed byLëtzebuerg(Luxembourg inLuxembourgish) written vertically.	1999 onward
Maltese euro coins	TheMaltese Cross(the emblem of theSovereign Military Order of Malta:1520–1798, now a national symbol), with the background of a darker hatched texture. The word MALTA is shown with each letter appearing in a segment across the top half of the coin to the edge of the inner circle. The date is shown at the base of the inner circle.	2008 onward
Monégasque euro coins	FIRST SERIES: An effigy ofPrince Rainier IIIwith the name MONACO was written across the top of the coin's outer circle and the year across the bottom of the outer circle with the mint marks.	2002–2006
	SECOND SERIES: Upon the death of Prince Rainier III in 2005, and the accession ofPrince Albert IIPrince Rainier's effigy was replaced with that of Prince Albert's and the name Monaco and the year were brought within the inner circle.	2006 onward
Dutch euro coins	FIRST SERIES: A stylised profile of QueenBeatrix of the Netherlandsover the left half of the coin, with the right hand side containing the words "Beatrix Koningin der Nederlanden" ( "Beatrix Queen of The Netherlands" in Dutch) written vertically on three lines and the year written horizontally to the lower right. This design was taken from the formerDutch guilder.The mint marks are located on the bottom of the outer ring and the twelve stars are compressed onto the left side of the coin only, rather than forming a full circle.	1999–2013
	SECOND SERIES: Following the change of head of state, a new Dutch series was introduced from 2014. It shows the effigy ofKing Willem-Alexanderfacing right and bears the inscription "Willem-Alexander Koning der Nederlanden" (William-Alexander King of the Netherlands) with the year of issuance.	2014 onward
Portuguese euro coins	The royal seal of 1144 surrounded by the country's castles and fiveescutcheonawith silverbezantsset in relation to the surrounding European stars which is supposed to symbolise dialogue, exchange of values and dynamics in the building of Europe. Between the castles is the numbers of the year towards the bottom and the letters of the name Portugal between the upper icons. The stars are inset on a ridge.	1999 onward
Sammarinese euro coins	FIRST SERIES: ThePalazzo Pubblico,the town hall and main government building of the city state. The date and mint mark is shown on the left, and the name San Marino on the right.	2012–2017
	SECOND SERIES: A portrait ofSaint Marino,detail of a painting byGiovanni Battista Urbinelli.	2018 onward
Slovak euro coins	TheCoat of arms of Slovakia,a double cross on three hills extending across the lower three stars. The background is a relief of rocks, representing the stability and strength of Slovakia. "SLOVENSKO" (Slovakia) is written to the right of the emblem and the date to the lower left.	2009 onward
Slovenian euro coins	A silhouette ofFrance Prešeren,aSloveneromanticpoet from the 19th century who inspired much of Slovene literature that followed him. Below his silhouette are the words, in stylised writing, "Shivé naj vsi naródi" meaning "God’s blessing on all nations". This is from the first line of the Slovenian national anthem, which is the 7th stanza ofZdravljica,a poem by France Prešeren. To the bottom left, tracing the curve of the outer circle is Prešeren's name and similarly on the right hand side, divided by a star per letter, is the name SLOVENIJA (Slovenia). The year and mint marks are also placed within the stars.	2007 onward
Spanish euro coins	FIRST SERIES: An effigy ofKing Juan Carlos Idesigned by Luis José Díaz. To his left on a curved raised area is the name "España" (Spain) and four stars on the right hand size are on a raise area in the same manner. The mint mark is located beneath España and the date on the lower portion between the stars.	1999–2009
	SECOND SERIES: The second design removed the curved raised area for the country's name and the stars, and moved the date from the outer ring of the coin.	2010–2015
	THIRD SERIES: In 2014,Juan Carlos I of Spainabdicated in favour of his son. In June 2014 the enthronement took place and 8 months later (February 2015) the new design was released.	2015 onward
Vatican euro coins	FIRST SERIES: An effigy ofPope John Paul II.The nameCITTA DEL VATICANO(Vatican City), followed by the year and mint mark, was written in a break between the stars below.	2000–2005
	SECOND SERIES: Following the death of John Paul II in 2005, a new coin was issued during theSede vacanteuntil a new Pope was chosen. This contained the insignia of theApostolic Chamberand the coat of arms of theCardinal Chamberlain.	2005–2006
	THIRD SERIES: WhenPope Benedict XVIwas elected, his effigy appeared on the coins, with the name of the city now broken to his top right with the year and mint mark in the middle to his right.	2006–2013
	FOURTH SERIES: In 2014 the coins were updated with the election ofPope Francis.CITTA DEL VATICANOis written around the top, broken by Pope Francis' head, with the date below the O in Vaticano.	2014–2016
	FIFTH SERIES: After the announcement that Pope Francis would no longer appear on any coins issued by the Vatican, new 1 and 2 euro coins were issued to depict the papal coat of arms of Francis.	2017 onward

Edges

The edges of the 2 euro coin vary according to the issuing state;

Standard €2 edge inscriptions by country

Country	Edge inscription	Description
Austria		The sequence "2 EURO ★★★" repeated four times alternately upright and inverted.
Belgium, France, Ireland, Luxembourg, Monaco, Spain		The sequence "2 ★ ★" repeated six times alternately upright and inverted.
Croatia		"O LIJEPA O DRAGA O SLATKA SLOBODO" ( "Oh beautiful, oh dear, oh sweet freedom" inCroatian,fromDubravka).
Cyprus		The sequence "2 ΕΥΡΩ 2 EURO" repeated twice (2 EUROinGreekandTurkish).
Estonia		"EESTI ○" (ESTONIAinEstonian) upright and inverted.
Finland		"SUOMI FINLAND" (FINLANDin bothFinnishandSwedish,the two official languages in Finland), followed by three lion's heads.
Germany		"EINIGKEIT UND RECHT UND FREIHEIT" (UNITY AND JUSTICE AND FREEDOMinGerman), Germany's national motto and the beginning ofGermany's national anthem,followed by theFederal Eagle.
Greece		"ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ ★" (ELLINIKI DHIMOKRATIA ★:"HELLENIC REPUBLIC" inGreek).
Italy, San Marino, Vatican		The sequence "2 ★" repeated six times alternately upright and inverted.
Latvia		"DIEVS ★ SVĒTĪ ★ LATVIJU ★" (GOD BLESS LATVIA)
Lithuania		"LAISVĖ ★ VIENYBĖ ★ GEROVĖ ★" ( "Freedom, Unity, Prosperity" inLithuanian)
Malta		The sequence "2✠✠" (withMaltese crosses) repeated six times alternately upright and inverted
Netherlands		"GOD ★ ZIJ ★ MET ★ ONS ★" (GOD BE WITH USinDutch). The same lettering had been applied to the larger denominationguildercoins.
Portugal		The edge design features the seven castles and five coats of arms also found on the national side, all equally spaced.
Slovakia		"SLOVENSKÁ REPUBLIKA" (SLOVAK REPUBLICinSlovak) with two stars andlindenleaf between.
Slovenia		"SLOVENIJA •" (SLOVENIAinSlovene)

Planned designs

See also:Enlargement of the eurozone

Austria, Germany and Greece will also at some point need to update their designs to comply with guidelines stating they must include the issuing state's name or initial, and not repeat the denomination of the coin.

In addition, there are several EU states that have not yet adopted the euro, some of them have already agreed upon their coin designs however it is not known exactly when they will adopt the currency, and therefore these are not yet minted. Seeenlargement of the Eurozonefor expected entry dates of these countries. Latvia officially introduced the euro on 1 January 2014, its design for the 2 euro coin is similar to the 5laticoin's design from 1929 to 1932:

Commemorative issues

Main article:€2 commemorative coins

Each state, allowed to issue coins, may also mint twocommemorative coinseach year (until 2012, it was one a year). Only €2 coins may be used in this way (for them to be legal tender) and there is a limit on the number that can be issued. The coin must show the normal design criteria, such as the twelve stars, the year and the issuing country. Not all states have issued their own commemorative coins except for in 2007, 2009 and 2012 when every then-eurozone state issued a common coin (with only different languages and country names used) to celebrate the 50th anniversary of theTreaty of Rome(1957–2007), the 10th anniversary of the euro (1999–2009) and the 10th anniversary of euro coins (2002–2012). Eurozone-wide issues do not count as a state's two-a-year issue. Germany has begun issuing one coin a year for each ofits states(theGerman Bundesländer serieswhich will take it up to 2021.

Types of Commemorative €2 coins

There are several types of Commemorative €2 Coins:

1. Commemorative coins that the euro countries are issued jointly by all EU Countries
2. Commemorative coins issued by a single country
3. Commemorative coins issued by a number of countries

Commemorative coins that are issued jointly by all eurozone countries

So far, there have been four commemorative coins that the eurozone countries have issued jointly: the first, in March 2007, to commemorate the "50th anniversary of theTreaty of Rome",the second, in January 2009, to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the euro is celebrated with a coin called the" 10th anniversary ofEconomic and Monetary Union of the European Union",the third one in 2012, to commemorate 10 years of the euro coins and notes, and the fourth one in 2022 to commemorate 35 years of theErasmus Programme.

There are €2 commemorative coins that have been issued on the same topic by different member states, two (by Belgium and Italy) to celebrateLouis Braille's 200th birthday, four (by Italy, Belgium, Portugal and Finland) to celebrate 60th anniversary of theUniversal Declaration of Human Rightsand two (by Germany and France) to commemorate 50 years of the Elysee Treaty (1963–2013).

Commemorative coins issued by a single country

As a rule, euro countries may each issue only two €2 commemorative coins per year. Exceptionally, they are allowed to issue another, provided that it is a joint issuance and commemorates events of European-wide importance.

Proposing a topic for a €2 Commemorative Coin

Role of the European Central Bank

Designing and issuing the coins is the competence of the individual euro countries. The ECB's role regarding the commemorative but also all other coins is to approve the maximum volumes of coins that the individual countries may issue.

"Unlike banknotes, euro coins are still a national competence and not the ECB's. If a euro area country intends to issue a €2 commemorative coin it has to inform the European Commission. There is no reporting by euro area countries to the ECB. The Commission publishes the information in the multilingual Official Journal of the EU (C series).

The Official Journal is the authoritative source upon which the ECB bases its website updates on euro coins. The reporting process, the translation into 22 languages and publishing lead to unavoidable delays. The coin pages on the ECB’s website cannot therefore always be updated as timely as users might wish.

If the ECB learns of a euro coin that has not yet featured in the Official Journal, only its image will be posted on the ECB’s website, with a brief statement that confirmation by the European Commission is pending. "

Role of the Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs

The website of the EU – DG for Economic and Financial Affairs is not specific on the topic of proposing themes for €2 commemorative coins.

The website of the European Central Bank where the Euro coins are mentioned,is not specific on the topic of proposing themes for €2 commemorative coins. It is not mentioned how the €2 commemorative coins that are in circulation today came about.

Similar coins

The coins were minted in several of the participating countries, many using blanks produced at theBirmingham Mintin Birmingham, England. A problem has arisen in differentiation of coins made using similar blanks and minting techniques.

• TheTurkish 1 New Lira coin(which was in circulation from 2005 until 2008) closely resembled the €2 coin in both weight and size, and both coins seem to be recognized and accepted by coin-operated machines as being a €2 coin; however, 2 euros are worth roughly 20 times than 1 Turkish lira. There are now some vending machines which have been upgraded to reject the 1 lira coin.
• The10 Thai baht coin,first minted in 1988, which is of similar shape and size to a €2 coin but worth around one-eighth of the value has recently been appearing in the coin boxes of vending machines throughout Europeand being given back as change in some smaller establishments.
• The new 50gapikcoin of theAzerbaijani manatalso looks like a €2 coin. The new coin set of the country contains other coins similar to some euro coins.
• The Philippine₱10 coinof the BSP series is also similar to the 2 Euro coin making it easy to pass for a Euro in some establishments in the Eurozone.
• TheEgyptian poundcoin is also similar to the 2 Euro coin making it easy to pass for a Euro in some establishments in the Eurozone. It's worth around 12–13 Euro Cents (1/16 of a 2 Euro coin). It is slightly thicker, with a marginally smaller diameter. In everyday exchanges the similarity is effectively misleading. Its use has been attested in Amsterdam.
• The Mexican$5 coinis also similar to the 2 Euro coin. It is worth around 28 Euro Cents (1/7 of the 2 Euro coin).
• The Canadian$2 coinor 'toonie', first minted in 1996, also bears a small similarity to the €2 coin. The toonie however is 2mm larger in diameter, 0.40mm less thick, 1.5g lighter, and features a larger outer ring. It is worth around 1.40 EUR.
• The Polish 5złotychcoin, currently worth about 1.16 EUR.
• The IndonesianRp1000coin, minted between 1993 and 2000, weighs 0.1g more, has a diameter 0.25mm larger and is 0.20mm thinner. The coin is worth approximately €0.06 (1/30th of a €2 coin).
• TheSouth African R5is also similar in appearance and size, and is worth around €0.40.
• TheItalian 500 lireminted from 1982 to 2001 has a diameter 0.05 larger. The coin was worth approximately €0.25.

External links

• "National sides: €2".European Central Bank.Retrieved18 August2009.