65th (2nd Yorkshire, North Riding) Regiment of Foot
| 65th (2nd Yorkshire, North Riding) Regiment of Foot | |
|---|---|
| Active | 10 December 1756–1 July 1881 |
| Country |  Kingdom of Great Britain(1756–1800) United Kingdom(1801–1881) |
| Branch |  British Army |
| Type | Line infantry |
| Size | Onebattalion |
| Garrison/HQ | Pontefract Barracks,Yorkshire |
| Nickname(s) | The Royal Tigers Hickety Pips |
| Colors | Facings – White |
| Engagements | Seven Years' War American War of Independence Anglo-French War Napoleonic Wars |
The65th (2nd Yorkshire, North Riding) Regiment of Footwas aninfantryregimentof theBritish Army,raised in 1756 as the 2nd Battalion,12th Regiment of Foot.[1][2][3]Under theChilders Reformsit amalgamated with the84th (York and Lancaster) Regiment of Footto become the 1st Battalion,York and Lancaster Regimentin 1881.[2][3][4]
History[edit]
Seven Years' War[edit]
The formation of the regiment was prompted by the expansion of the army as a result of the commencement of theSeven Years' War.On 25 August 1756 it was ordered that a number of existing regiments should raise a secondbattalion;among those chosen was the12th Regiment of Foot.The 2nd Battalion of the 12th Regiment of Foot was formed on 10 December 1756 and renumbered as the 65th Regiment of Foot on 21 April 1758.[1]It was sent to the fever riddenWest Indiesto aid in the capturing of the French islands ofGuadeloupein January 1759 andMartiniquein January 1762.[2][3]It was also involved in theexpedition to capture Havana, Cubain June 1762.[2][4]In 1764 the regiment returned to England, where it refilled its ranks.[3]
American War of Independence[edit]
In 1768 the regiment was shipped toBoston,Massachusettsas part of the garrison. The regiment's first action in theAmerican War of Independencewas at theBattle of Bunker Hillin June 1775 where theirGrenadierandLightCompanies were involved in the attack.[3][4]In 1776 the remnants of the regiment were drafted into other regiments and the officers sent home to reform.[3]In 1782 the regiment received a county title and became the 65th (The 2nd Yorkshire, North Riding) Regiment of Foot.[2][4]
In 1788 theAnglo-French Warbroke out and the regiment was sent to the fortress atGibraltarin 1782.[5]After this regiment was sent to Canada in 1784 and toNova Scotiain 1791.[2]In 1793 the regiment was shipped back to the West Indies and took part in the attack onSanto Domingoin September 1794[5]and an attack on Martinique in February 1794[5]and an attack onSaint Luciain April 1794.[5][3]
Napoleonic Wars[edit]
The regiment was shipped to South Africa in 1800 and then on toCeylonwhere it was involved in theKandian Warin 1802.[5]It transferred to India in May 1803 and took part in theSecond Anglo-Maratha Warlater that year.[5]The regiment was dispatched to the island ofMauritiusin December 1810 where it took part in the capture of the island.[5]In 1811 it returned to India: it was briefly involved in the campaign against theOmanCoastPiratesin thePersian Gulfin 1819 as well as numerous uprisings and small wars in India.[2][3]The regiment returned to England in August 1822.[5]
The Victorian era[edit]
In 1829, the regiment returned to the West Indies. Subsequently it carried on toGuianainSouth America.[6]It then went back to Canada to help suppress therebellions of 1837 and 1838before returning home in 1841.[5]Most of the regiment embarked fromWoolwichon the vessel "Java" forNew South Waleson 18 May 1846.[7]The regiment saw action in theFirst Taranaki Warof 1860 to 1861 and in theWaikato campaignof 1863 to 1864, during which Colour-sergeantEdward McKennaand Lance CorporalJohn Ryanwon theirVictoria CrossesatCamerontown.[8]The regiment returned home in October 1865[5]having become known as the "Royal Tigers" at home and as the "Hickety Pips" to theMāoridue to their pronunciation of the number 65.[4]The regiment returned to England in 1866 and then went to Ireland in 1867 to help suppress theFenians.[5]It then embarked atQueenstownon the vessel "Serapis" for India on 11 January 1871.[6]The regiment was initially based inAgra.[6]Concerns were raised inHouse of Commonsbecause of the 919 troops from the regiment serving in India, 579 were under the age of 20: theSecretary of State for Waragreed to rectify the issue.[9]The regiment moved toLucknowin January 1874, toDanaporein November 1877 and toMorarin October 1880.[6]
As part of theCardwell Reformsof the 1870s, where single-battalion regiments were linked together to share a single depot and recruiting district in the United Kingdom, the 65th was linked with the84th (York and Lancaster) Regiment of Foot,and assigned to district no. 7 atPontefract BarracksinYorkshire.[10]On 1 July 1881 theChilders Reformscame into effect and the regiment amalgamated with the 84th (York and Lancaster) Regiment of Foot to form theYork and Lancaster Regiment.The 65th Foot became the 1st Battalion while the 84th Foot became the2nd Battalion.[1][2][3][4]
Battle honours and distinctions[edit]
The regiment was awarded the followingbattle honoursfor display on theregimental colours:
- The Royal Tiger badge superscribed "India"[11]
- Arabia[11](unique to this regiment)[3][4]
- New Zealand 1860–61[12]
In 1909 the successorYork and Lancaster Regimentwere awarded the honoursGuadeloupe 1759andMartinique 1794for the service of the 65th Foot.[1]
Victoria Crosses[edit]
Victoria crosses awarded to men of the regiment were:
- Colour SergeantEdward McKennaNew Zealand Wars(7 September 1863)
- PrivateJohn RyanNew Zealand Wars (7 September 1863)
Colonels[edit]
Colonels of the Regiment were:
65th Regiment of Foot[edit]
- 1758–60: Lt-Gen Robert Armiger[1][13]
- 1760–64: Lt-GenGeorge Cholmondeley, Viscount Malpas[14]
- 1764–70: Lt-Gen Hon.Alexander Mackay[15]
- 1770–79: Lt-Gen Edward Urmston[1][15]
- 1779–83: Lt-Gen Thomas Calcraft[15]
65th (The 2nd Yorkshire, North Riding) Regiment of Foot – (1782)[edit]
- 1783–88: GenEarl of Harrington[15]
- 1788–97: Lt-Gen John Gunning[15]
- 1797–1814: Gen Edmund Stevens[1][16]
- 1814–51: F.M.Thomas Grosvenor[17]
- 1851–55: GenSamuel Benjamin Auchmuty[18]
- 1855–57: Lt-Gen Henry Balneavis[19]
- 1857–69: Gen Robert Bartlett Coles[20]
- 1869–76: Lt-Gen SirRobert Walpole[21]
- 1876–81: Lt-Gen Robert Newton Phillips[22]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^abcdefgMills, T F."65th (2nd Yorkshire, North Riding) Regiment of Foot".Regiments.Org.Archived fromthe originalon 9 January 2008.Retrieved19 June2013.
- ^abcdefghSwinson, p. 165
- ^abcdefghij"65th (2nd Yorkshire, North Riding) Regiment of Foot".National Army Museum.Archived fromthe originalon 12 November 2013.Retrieved20 June2013.
- ^abcdefgWickes, pp. 94–95
- ^abcdefghijk"65th (2nd Yorkshire, North Riding) Regiment of Foot: locations".regimnts.org. Archived fromthe originalon 13 December 2007.Retrieved28 January2017.
- ^abcd"Records of the 65th (2nd Yorkshire, North Riding) Regiment of Foot".Wanganui Herald. 24 July 1884.Archivedfrom the original on 26 May 2022.Retrieved10 July2021.
- ^"Sydney Shipping Gazette, Volume 3, Number 136".24 October 1846. pp. 293–296.Archivedfrom the original on 2 February 2017.Retrieved28 January2017.
- ^"No. 22809".The London Gazette.19 January 1864. p. 261.
- ^"65th Regiment – Recruits for Indian Service".Parliamentary Debates (Hansard).8 June 1871.Archivedfrom the original on 4 May 2024.Retrieved28 January2017.
- ^"Training Depots".Regiments.org. Archived fromthe originalon 10 February 2006.Retrieved16 October2016.
- ^abIn consideration of the distinguished conduct of the 65th Regiment during the period of its service in India and Arabia, His Majesty has been pleased to approve of that Regiment hearing on its colours and appointments the figure of the royal tiger, with the word "India" superscribed, and also the word "Arabia" beneath the figure and the number of the Regiment, to commemorate the services of the Corps in those countries."No. 17913".The London Gazette.12 April 1823. p. 580.
- ^Awarded 1870. Sumner, p. 28
- ^London Magazine: Or, Gentleman's Monthly Intelligencer, Volume 27.1758. p. 261.Archivedfrom the original on 4 May 2024.Retrieved23 November2020.
- ^Leslie, p. 99
- ^abcdeRaikes, p. 1
- ^Beatson, p. 251
- ^Phillippart, p. 145
- ^"No. 21179".The London Gazette.7 February 1851. p. 299.
- ^"No. 21676".The London Gazette.13 March 1855. p. 1054.
- ^"No. 22034".The London Gazette.25 August 1857. p. 2885.
- ^"No. 23554".The London Gazette.12 November 1869. p. 6039.
- ^"No. 24350".The London Gazette.1 August 1876. p. 4303.
Sources[edit]
- Beatson, Robert (1806).A Political Index to the Histories of Great Britain & Ireland.Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme.
- Leslie, N B (1974).The Succession of colonels of the British Army: from 1660 to the present day.Society for Army Historical Research.
- Phillippart, John (1815).The royal military calendar: containing the services of every general officer in the British Army, from the date of their commission.
- Raikes, George Alfred (1885).Roll of the Officers of the York and Lancaster Regiment: Containing a Complete Record of Their Services Including Dates of Commissions, &c Volume I: First Battalion, formerly 65th (2nd Yorkshire, North Riding) Regiment, from 1756 to 1884.Richard Bentley & Son.
- Sumner, Ian (2001).British Colours and Standards 1747–1881 (2) Infantry.Osprey.ISBN9781841762012.
- Swinson, Arthur (1972).A Register of the Regiments and Corps of the British Army.London:The Archive Press.ISBN0-85591-000-3.
- Wickes, L E (1974).Regiments of Foot. A Historical Record of all the Foot Regiments of the British Army.Reading: Osprey.ISBN0850452201.
External links[edit]
- Infantry regiments of the British Army
- Regiments of Yorkshire
- York and Lancaster Regiment
- Military units and formations in the North Riding of Yorkshire
- Military units and formations established in 1756
- Regiments of the British Army in the American Revolutionary War
- Military units and formations disestablished in 1881
- 1756 establishments in Great Britain