859
Appearance
Millennium: | 1st millennium |
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Centuries: | |
Decades: | |
Years: |
859 by topic |
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Leaders |
Categories |
Gregorian calendar | 859 DCCCLIX |
Ab urbe condita | 1612 |
Armenian calendar | 308 ԹՎ ՅԸ |
Assyrian calendar | 5609 |
Balinese saka calendar | 780–781 |
Bengali calendar | 266 |
Berber calendar | 1809 |
Buddhist calendar | 1403 |
Burmese calendar | 221 |
Byzantine calendar | 6367–6368 |
Chinese calendar | Mậu DầnNăm (EarthTiger) 3556 or 3349 — to — Kỷ Mão năm (EarthRabbit) 3557 or 3350 |
Coptic calendar | 575–576 |
Discordian calendar | 2025 |
Ethiopian calendar | 851–852 |
Hebrew calendar | 4619–4620 |
Hindu calendars | |
-Vikram Samvat | 915–916 |
-Shaka Samvat | 780–781 |
-Kali Yuga | 3959–3960 |
Holocene calendar | 10859 |
Iranian calendar | 237–238 |
Islamic calendar | 244–245 |
Japanese calendar | Ten'an3 /Jōgan1 ( trinh quan nguyên niên ) |
Javanese calendar | 756–757 |
Julian calendar | 859 DCCCLIX |
Korean calendar | 3192 |
Minguo calendar | 1053 beforeROC Dân trước 1053 năm |
Nanakshahi calendar | −609 |
Seleucid era | 1170/1171AG |
Thai solar calendar | 1401–1402 |
Tibetan calendar | Dương thổ hổ năm (male Earth-Tiger) 985 or 604 or −168 — to — Âm thổ thỏ năm (female Earth-Rabbit) 986 or 605 or −167 |
Year859(DCCCLIX) was acommon year starting on Sunday(link will display the full calendar) of theJulian calendar.
Events
[edit]By place
[edit]Europe
[edit]- January 15– Battle of St. Quentin: Frankish forces, led byHumfrid,defeat KingLouis the GermanatSaint-Quentin(NorthernFrance). Humfrid isenfeoffedwith theCounty of Autun,and appointedMargrave of Burgundy,by KingCharles the Bald.
- Summer – TheVikingchieftainsHasteinandBjörn Ironside(a son ofRagnar Lodbrok) begin an expedition, and sail from theLoire Riverwith a fleet of 62 ships, to raid cities andmonasteriesin theMediterranean Sea.[1]
- Viking raiders invade theKingdom of Pamplona(WesternPyrenees), and capture KingGarcía Íñiguez I,somewhere in theAndalusianheartland. They extort aransom,rising to around 70,000gold dinars.[2]
- The Russian city ofNovgorodis first mentioned in theSofia Chronicles.
- Winter – The weather is so severe that theAdriatic Seafreezes, andItalyis covered in snow for 100 days.[3]
Iberian Peninsula
[edit]- Battle of Albelda:KingOrdoño I of Asturias,and his ally García Íñiguez I, defeat the Muslims underMusa ibn Musa al-QasawiatAlbelda.
- Viking raiders burn the mosques ofSevilleandAlgecirasinal-Andalus(modernSpain).[4]
Africa
[edit]- TheUniversity of Al Karaouineis founded inFes(modernMorocco), byFatima al-Fihri(recognized by theGuinness Book of World Recordsas the oldest university in the world).
China
[edit]- September 7– EmperorXuān Zong(Li Yi) dies after a 13-year reign. He is succeeded by his eldest sonYi Zong,as ruler of theTang dynasty.
Syria
[edit]- 859 Syrian coast earthquake.It affected the Mediterranean coast ofSyria[5]It caused almost the complete destruction ofLatakiaandJableh,major damage atAntiochand led to many deaths.[6]
Births
[edit]- Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya,firstZaydiImam of Yemen(d.911)[7]
- Ali ibn Isa al-Jarrah,vizierof theAbbasid Caliphate(d.946)
- Odo I,king of theWest Frankish Kingdom(or860)
- Rudolph I,king ofBurgundy(d.912)
- Tannet of Pagan,king ofBurma(d.904)
Deaths
[edit]- September 7–Xuān Zong,emperor of theTang dynasty(b.810)
- December 13–Angilbert II,archbishop ofMilan
- Dhul-Nun al-Misri,Egyptian scholar andSufi(b.796)
- Immo,bishop ofNoyon(approximate date)
- Lu Shang,chancellor of the Tang dynasty(b.789)
- Máel Gualae,king ofMunster(Ireland)
References
[edit]- ^Haywood, John (1995).The Historical Atlas of the Vikings,pp. 58–59. Penguin Books:ISBN0-14-051328-0
- ^Martínez Díez 2007,p. 25.
- ^Yanko-Hombach, Valentina (2006).The Black Sea Flood Question.Springer. p. 638.ISBN1402047746.
- ^Rucquoi, Adeline (1993).Histoire médiévale de la Péninsule ibérique.Paris: Seuil. p. 85.ISBN2-02-012935-3.
- ^Antonopoulos, J. (1980)."Data from investigation of seismic Sea waves events in the Eastern Mediterranean from 500 to 1000 A.D.".Annals of Geophysics.33(1).doi:10.4401/ag-4701.
- ^Ambraseys, N.(2009).Earthquakes in the Mediterranean and Middle East: A Multidisciplinary Study of Seismicity up to 1900(First ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 243–244.ISBN978-1-316-34785-0.
- ^Madelung, W.(2004)."al-Ḥādī Ila 'l-Ḥaḳḳ".InBearman, P. J.;Bianquis, Th.;Bosworth, C. E.;van Donzel, E.&Heinrichs, W. P.(eds.).The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition.Volume XII:Supplement.Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 334–335.ISBN978-90-04-13974-9.
Sources
[edit]- Martínez Díez, Gonzalo (2007).Sancho III el Mayor Rey de Pamplona, Rex Ibericus(in Spanish). Madrid: Marcial Pons Historia.ISBN978-84-96467-47-7.