930s
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The930sdecade ran from January 1, 930, to December 31, 939.
Events
930
By place[edit]
Europe[edit]
- 17 June (traditional date) – TheAlthing,theparliamentofIceland,is established atþingvellir( "Thing Fields" ). Chieftains from various tribes gather for 2 weeks at athing(assembly)to settle disputes, arrangemarriages,etc.; it continues in existence into the21st century,as the world's oldest parliament of theIcelandic Commonwealth.
- Bishopwearmouthis formed and settled in the north-east of England, afterÆthelstangrants the lands to theBishop of Durham.
- Gilbert, Duke of Lorraine,besiegesDouaiinWest Francia.
Arabian Empire[edit]
- January 11–Sack of Mecca:TheQarmatians,led byAbu Tahir al-Jannabi,sackMecca,desecrating theZamzam Welland carrying off theBlack Stoneto their homeland inEastern Arabia.[1]
- Mardavij ibn Ziyaris sent byAsfar ibn Shiruyaalong with his brother Shirzad, to capture the fortress of Shamiran inTarom(NorthernIran), the capital of theSallaridrulerMuhammad ibn Musafir.During thesiegeMardavij is persuaded to revolt against Asfar, by letters fromMakan ibn Kaki.With the help of the sons of the Sallarid, he kills other members of his tribe, including Shirzad. Mardavij founds theZiyarid Dynastyand becomes the ruler of Asfar's former territories, which includeRey,Qazvin,Zanjan,Abhar,QomandKaraj.
Asia[edit]
- October 16–Emperor Daigoof Japan, being fatally ill, abdicates in favor of his 7-year-old sonSuzaku,after a 33-year reign. He enters theBuddhistpriesthood, but dies shortly after. Former EmperorUda(Daigo's father), remains the power behind the Japanesethrone(until931).
- The independentKoreanisland state ofUsan-guk becomes aprotectorateofGoryeo.
- Yelü Bei,prince and elder brother of theLiao dynasty(Khitan) EmperorTaizong,leaves forChina.
931
By place[edit]
North Africa[edit]
- TheUmmayad Caliphate of Córdobainvades and conquers the city ofCeuta,which was ruled by theBerberdynastyBanu Isam.
Europe[edit]
- Spring –Hugh of Provence,king ofItaly,cedesLower BurgundytoRudolph II,in return for Rudolf's renunciation of all claims to the Italian crown. He receives theimperial crown,and induces the Italiannobilityto recognize his sonLothair IIas the co-ruler ofLombardia(Regnum Italiae).[2]
- KingHarald FairhairofNorwaydies after a 59-year reign as theScandinaviannation's first ruler. He divides the kingdom among his many sons (about 25 years ago) to bring peace. Unable to travel through the country - and perform his royal duties, Harald hands over power to his favorite sonEric Bloodaxe,who allegedly kills at least two of his brothers to gain the Norwegian throne that he will hold (approximate date).
- Rollo,duke ofNormandy,dies atRouenafter an 11-year reign. He is the first leader of theVikingsettlers to establish an independent dukedom (avassalof theWest Frankish Kingdom). His eldest son,William I Longsword,becomes the second ruler of Normandy (approximate date).
- Ramiro IIforces the abdication of his brotherAlfonso IVand becomes king ofLeón(NorthernSpain). He has Alfonso andFruela's three sons blinded in order to make them incapable of ruling.[3]
- Ramiro II expands the border eastwards (nearly to thePyrenees) and capturesBurgosand the surrounding land. This land would soon be known as theCounty of Castile(approximate date).
England[edit]
- KingMorgan HenofGlywysingandGwent(Wales) submits to the overlordship of KingÆthelstan,and attends his court with KingsHywel DdaofDeheubarthandIdwal FoelofGwynedd.
Asia[edit]
- EmirMardavij ibn Ziyardefeats and kills his rivalAsfar ibn Shiruya.He conquers in rapid succession theAbbasidcities ofHamadan,Dinavar,andKashan,and finally the entire region ofIsfahan,which becomes his capital. Mardavij appoints his brotherVushmgiras the governor ofAmol(modernIran).
By topic[edit]
Literature[edit]
- Nómina Leonesa,an account of the kings ofAsturiasand León, is published (approximate date).
Religion[edit]
- March –Pope Stephen VIIdies after a three-year reign. He is succeeded byJohn XI(at the age of 20) as the 125thpopeof theCatholic Church.His motherMaroziais the powerfulsenatrixandpatriciaofRome.
932
By place[edit]
Europe[edit]
- Summer –Alberic IIleads an uprising atRomeagainst his stepfatherHugh of Provence,king ofItaly,after he is insulted at the wedding of his mother,Marozia.Alberic seizes theLateran Palace,and Hugh escapes with an escort out of the city. Marozia is captured and put in prison. Alberic takes control of the city and appoints himself as the ruler (princeps) of Rome.
- DogeOrso II Participazioretires voluntarily to amonastery,marking the end of the Participazio dominance of the Venetian dogeship. He is succeeded byPietro II Candiano,the son and namesake of the earlier dogePietro I.
- Pietro II andCapodistriamake a trade agreement without imperial authorization, the self-proclaimed "Marquis" Wintkar forbids repaying any debts toVenice.Pietro begins an economicblockadeofIstriancities.[4]
Asia[edit]
- EmirMardavij ibn ZiyarinvadesTabaristanand captures the city ofGorgan.TheDaylamitemilitary leaderMakan ibn Kakitries to reclaim his territories, but fails. He seeks refuge among theSamanidsand enters the service of their rulerNasr II.He appoints him as governor ofKirman(modernIran).
- October 31–Abbasid caliphal-Muqtadiris killed while fighting against the forces of generalMu'nis al-Muzaffar.Al-Muqtadir's brotheral-Qahiris chosen to succeed him.
By topic[edit]
Religion[edit]
- Summer –Pope John XIis forced to grant power over Rome to his half-brother Alberic II, who is invested as "Prince and Senator of all Romans". John is to resign himself to spiritual leadership of theCatholic Church.
933
By place[edit]
Europe[edit]
- Spring –Hugh of Provence,king ofItaly,launches an expedition toRometo remove the Roman ruler (princeps)Alberic IIand avenge his humiliation (see932). It fails, however, as Roman civicmilitiasrepel theLombardarmy. Hugh ravages the Italian countryside, before he withdraws toPavia.[5]
- March 15–Battle of Merseburg:KingHenry I( "the Fowler" ) defeats theMagyarsnearMerseburgafter his refusal to pay the annualtribute.During Henry's lifetime they never raid theEast Frankish Kingdomagain.[6]
- William I( "Longsword" ), duke ofNormandy,recognizes KingRudolphas his overlord. In turn he gives William theCotentin Peninsulaand theChannel Islands.[7]
England[edit]
- PrinceEdwin,the youngest son of the late KingEdward the Elder,is drowned en route to theWest Frankish Kingdomand buried atSaint Bertin.
Africa[edit]
- Fatimidforces fail to seize theMaghreb al-Aqsa(modernMorocco) from the localBerbertribes allied to theSpain-basedCaliphate of Córdoba.[8]
934
By place[edit]
Byzantine Empire[edit]
- Spring and Summer – TheHungariansmake an alliance with thePechenegs,and fight their way throughThracetoConstantinople.
- Battle of W.l.n.d.r:The Hungarians and Pechenegs kill Constantinople's inhabitants, inflict severe damage on the countryside, and defeat both theByzantine EmpireandBulgaria,forcing them to paytribute.EmperorRomanos Isigns apeace treatywith the Hungarians.[9]
Europe[edit]
- KingHenry I( "the Fowler" ) pacifies the territories to the north, where the DanishVikingshave been harrying theFrisiansby sea. He defeats theDanespetty King Gnupa, and conquersHedeby.
- Summer – CaliphAbd-al-Rahman IIIinvadesNavarraand forces QueenTodato submit to him. Her son the 15-year-old KingGarcía Sánchez Ibecomes avassalof theCaliphate of Córdoba.
- Haakon I( "the Good" ), a son of the late KingHarald Fairhair,once again reunites the kingdom after he has deposed his half-brotherEric Bloodaxe.Haakon is installed as king ofNorway.
- TheEldgjávolcanic eruption is the largestbasalt floodin history (first documented).
England[edit]
- KingTewdwr of Brycheiniogattends the court of KingÆthelstanand signs theEnglish Land Charters.KingsHywel DdaofDeheubarth,Idwal FoelofGwyneddandMorgan Mwynfawr( "the Old" ) ofMorgannwgare compelled to accompany Æthelstan onhis campaignagainst KingConstantine II of Scotland.
Abbasid Caliphate[edit]
- April 24–Abbasid caliphal-Qahiris deposed and blinded; he is succeeded by his nephewar-Radi.
- Summer –Ali ibn Buya,aSamanidgovernor, takes advantage of theanarchyinPersiaand conquersFars(modernIran). He founds theBuyid Dynasty,and makesShirazhis capital. Ali seeks the recognition of theAbbasidcaliphAr-Radi,who confirms him later as hisviceroy.
Asia[edit]
- March 16–Meng Zhixiang,a military governor (jiedushi), declares himself emperor (formally called "Gaozu" ) and establishesLater Shuas a new Chinese state, independent ofLater Tang.He dies after a short-lived five-month reign and is succeeded by his sonMeng Chang.
- Goryeoforces push the army ofHubaekjeback into its heartland and defeat them finally atHongseong(modernSouth Korea).
By topic[edit]
Religion[edit]
- Einsiedeln Abbey,aBenedictinemonastery, is founded (modernSwitzerland).
935
By place[edit]
Europe[edit]
- Spring –Arnulf I( "the Bad" ) ofBavariainvadesItaly,crossing through theUpper Adige(modernTyrol). He proceeds towardsVeronato join his supporters. KingHugh of Provencetakes aBurgundianarmy against him, and defeats Arnulf atGossolengo,forcing him to return to Bavaria.
- Summer –Fatimid caliphal-Qa'imdispatches a naval expedition underYa'qub ibn Ishaq al-Tamimito raid the coast ofProvenceandLiguria,sackingGenoaon 16 August and attackingPisa.Ya'qub also raidsCorsicaandSardiniabefore returning toMahdiawith some 8,000 prisoners.[10]
- September 28(probable year) –Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia(the subject of the1853Christmas carol "Good King Wenceslas") is murdered by a group ofnoblesled by his brotherBoleslaus I( "the Cruel" ), who succeeds him.
- Córdoba,capital ofAl-Andalus,becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead fromBaghdad,capital of theAbbasid Caliphate.[11]
Africa[edit]
- Summer –Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshidis appointed governor and becomes the ruler ofEgyptand parts ofSyria(or theLevant). He launches a campaign against his rivalAhmad ibn Kayghalaghby land and sea: the naval forces takeTinnisand ibn Kayghalagh is forced to retreat. Ibn Tughj entersFustat,making it his capital, and founds theIkhshidid dynasty.
- Ziri ibn Manadis installed as governor of centralMaghreb.He initiates the construction of the fortress of Ashir, nearMédéa(modernAlgeria). It symbolises the rise of theZirid dynastyin the WesternMediterraneanregion.[12]
Arabian Empire[edit]
- January – EmirMardavij,founder of theZiyarid dynasty,is murdered by hisTurkishslaves. He is succeeded by his brother and generalVushmgir,who is crowned as the new Ziyarid ruler inRey(modernIran).
Asia[edit]
- March – KingKyŏn HwŏnofLater Baekjeis overthrown by his eldest sonKyŏn Sin-gŏm(who is crowned on November 15) and put in prison, but he is able to escape.
- November 17 –Wang Yanjun,Emperor Huizong of Min (Ten Kingdoms), is killed in his own palace in an uprising together with his empress consort and several clansmen, and succeeded as second emperor by his sonWang Jipeng.
- KingGyeongsun,thelast rulerofUnified Silla,formally surrenders and abdicates in favour ofTaejo of Goryeo.This completes Taejo's unification ofKorea,bringing theSilladynasty to an end.
- Ki no Tsurayukireturns toKyotofromTosa Province,a journey that becomes the basis of the earliest surviving Japanesepoetic diary,called theTosa Nikki(Tosa Diary).
By topic[edit]
Religion[edit]
- Winter (probable year) –Pope John XI,the son ofde factoRoman rulerMarozia,dies atRomeafter a four-year reign, aged between 25 and 27.
936
By place[edit]
Europe[edit]
- June 19– AtLaon,Louis IV,the 14-year old son of the late KingCharles the Simple,is crownedKing of West Franciaafter being recalled fromWessexbyHugh the Great,count ofParis.Hugh, whose father, KingRobert I,was killed in battle nearSoissonsin923,is given the titleDuke of the Franksand becomes the second most powerful man in theWest Frankish Kingdom.The crowning of Louis IV follows the death of KingRudolph IatAuxerreearlier in the year.
- Summer –Hugh of Provence,king ofItaly,dispatches his son and co-rulerLothair IIwith a third expedition toRometo dislodgeAlberic II.Assault after assault is repulsed by the Roman civicmilitia.At length, weakened by anepidemic,theLombardnobles press on Hugh to accept a peace treaty mediated byOdo of Cluny.
- July 2– KingHenry I( "the Fowler" ) dies at hisroyal palaceinMemleben,Thuringia,after a 17-year reign. He is succeeded by his 23-year-old sonOtto I,who is married toEadgyth,a daughter of the late KingEdward the Elder.Otto is the first German king to be crowned inCharlemagne's former capital ofAachen.
- AHungarianarmy invadesFranconiaand occupiesFulda.They are attacked byEast Frankishforces and forced to go westwards. Otto I moves against the rebelliousElbeSlavs.[13]
- ArchbishopUnniofHamburg-Bremenvisits the king of DenmarkGormand the king of theSwedesRingbefore he dies inBirka.
England[edit]
- KingÆthelstansets the border between theKingdom of EnglandandCornwallas the east bank of theRiver Tamar.[14]
Africa[edit]
- Spring –Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid,ruler ofEgyptandSyria,defeats theFatimidforces nearAlexandria.He drives them out of the city, forcing the Fatimids to retreat from Egypt to their base atCyrenaica.
Arabian Empire[edit]
- Summer –Ibn Muqla,anAbbasidofficial andvizier,is disgraced after his failed campaign againstMuhammad ibn Ra'iq,the rebellious governor ofWasit.He is arrested and imprisoned inBaghdad.
China[edit]
- November 28–Shi Jingtangis enthroned as the first emperor of theLater JinbyTai Zong,ruler of theKhitan-ledLiao Dynasty,following a revolt against his rival, emperorFeiofLater Tang.
By topic[edit]
Religion[edit]
- January 3–Pope Leo VIIsucceedsJohn XI(who died the previous year) as the 126thpopeof theCatholic Church.
937
By place[edit]
Europe[edit]
- AHungarianarmy invadesBurgundy,and burns the city ofTournus.Then they go southwards toItaly,pillaging the environs ofNaples,BeneventoandMonte Cassino.When the Hungarians return home, they are attacked in theApennine MountainsbyLombardforces, losing their plunder (approximate date).
- July 11– KingRudolph II of Burgundydies after a 25-year reign, and is succeeded by his 12-year-old sonConrad I( "the Peaceful" ). His wife, QueenBertha,takes effective control of unified Burgundy, transferring its capital toArles(that Burgundian kingdom was later known from the 12th century as theKingdom of Arles).[15]
- KingOtto Irefuses to give land to his older (illegitimate) half-brotherThankmar,who gains the support ofEberhard III(duke ofFranconia) andWichmann the Elder,and seizes the fortress ofEresburg.Otto assumes direct rule over Franconia, and dissolves it into smaller counties.[16]
- KingHugh of Arles(king of Italy) travels toColombier(Switzerland) and marries Rudolph's widow Bertha. He takes Conrad I under his tutelage and betroths Rudolph's 6-year-old daughterAdelaidewith his own son and co-rulerLothair II.
- Winter –Gerosucceeds his brotherSiegfriedafter his death. King Otto I appoints him as count andmargraveof avast borderregion aroundMerseburgthat abuts theWendson theRiver Saale(Lower Saxony).
- Magdeburgbecomes the capital of theEast Frankish Kingdom,after aDietheld by King Otto I (approximate date).
England[edit]
- Battle of Brunanburh:KingÆthelstandefeats a combined Northern Army under the kingsOlaf of Dublin,Constantine II of ScotlandandOwain of Strathclyde.Though none of the British monarchs appear to have taken part, the people ofStrathclydewere a major contingent under their Scottish king.
Asia[edit]
- November 10–Li Bianusurps the throne and deposes EmperorYang Pu.TheWu Stateis replaced and Li (called "Xu Zhigao" ) becomes the first emperor ofSouthern Tang,one of theTen Kingdomsin southernChina.
- Winter – TheLater Tangfalls to theLater Jin(during theFive Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period) founded by EmperorShi Jingtang(posthumously known as "Gaozu of Jin" ).
938
By place[edit]
Europe[edit]
- Summer – TheHungarianarmy invades NorthernItalywith the permission of KingHugh of Arles.They cross theApennines,and sack theLombardlands inTuscany,LazioandCampania.Finally, the Hungarians are defeated atWolfenbüttelby a Saxon army.
- July– KingOtto Ibesieges the fortress ofEresburg.He defeats his half-brotherThankmarand kills him as he tries to find sanctuary.Eberhard III,duke ofFranconia,is banished and replaced by his uncleBerthold.
- Fall – Otto I defeats in two campaigns a series of uprisings inSaxony,Franconia andLotharingia.[17]He signs a "friendship pact" with KingLouis IV( "d'Outremer" ) of theWest Frankish Kingdom.
Asia[edit]
- Battle of Bach Dang:Vietnamese forces defeat an invading force of theSouthern Hanstate at theBach Dang River.This put an end toChineseimperial domination inVietnamafter nearly 1,000 years.
- TheSixteen Prefectures,which includes the area around modern-dayBeijing,are absorbed in theKhitan Empire.
939
By place[edit]
Europe[edit]
- Hugh the Great,count ofParis,rebels against KingLouis IV( "d'Outremer" ) and gains support fromWilliam I,duke ofNormandy.Hugh, along withHerbert II,count ofVermandois,Arnulf I,count ofFlandersand William pay homage to KingOtto I(ruler of theEast Frankish Kingdom), and support him in his struggle against Louis.[18]
- July 19–Battle of Simancas:CaliphAbd-al-Rahman IIIofCórdobaclaims aJihad('Holy War') and raises an army of 100,000 men to end theKingdom of León.He razes the cities ofMedina del Campo,ÌscarandAlcazarén(previously abandoned by their population) and finally, reaches the city ofSimancas(near modern-dayValladolid), where Christian forces under KingRamiro IIwait for him. After three days, Ramiro defeats theMoorisharmy with an alliance ofCastileandNavarre.Abd-al-Rahman orders a retreat along theDuero River,and is almost killed,[19]due, most likely, to treason byArabelements in the Moorish army.
- August 1–Battle of Trans-la-Forêt:Bretons defeat Viking occupiers.
- August 5–Battle of Alhandic:Abd-al-Rahman III defeats the garrison of those loyal to Ramiro II atZamora,in the context of the SpanishReconquista.
- October 2–Battle of Andernach:Otto I crushes a rebellion against his rule, by a coalition ofEberhard III,duke ofFranconia,and otherFrankishdukes, inAndernachon theRhine River.Otto prevails, with support fromOdo of Wetterau.Eberhard is killed whileGilbert,duke ofLotharingia(orLorraine) drowns when trying to escape.
England[edit]
- October 27– KingÆthelstandies atGloucesterafter a 15-year reign. He is buried atMalmesbury Abbeyand succeeded by his half-brother,Edmund I( "the Magnificent" ). After Æthelstan's deathOlaf Guthfrithson(or his cousin,Anlaf Cuaran[20]) aVikingleader who rulesDublin,is proclaimed king ofYork(south ofNorthumbria).
Asia[edit]
- Taira no Masakado,a Japanesenobleman,leads one of the largest insurgent forces in theHeian periodagainst the imperial court atKyoto.[21]Masakado has acquired enough power to govern theKantō region(northwest ofEdo) and calls himself the 'new emperor' (shinnō).
- Ngô Quyền,who the previous year defeated the Chinese at theBattle of Bạch Đằng (938)thereby regaining Vietnamese independence after 1000 years, becomes king ofVietnam.[22]
By topic[edit]
Religion[edit]
- July 13–Pope Leo VIIdies atRomeafter a 3½-year reign. He is succeeded byStephen VIIIas the 127thpopeof theCatholic Church.
- TheMajor Occultation(orAl-Ghaybah al-Kubra) ofMuhammad al-Mahdioccurs (approximate date).
Significant people[edit]
Births
930
- Alferius,Italianabbotand saint (d.1050)
- Boleslaus II,duke ofBohemia(d.999)
- Gisulf I,prince ofSalerno(d.977)
- Herbert of Wetterau,Germannobleman(d.992)
- Lambert of Chalon,Frankish nobleman (d.978)
- Liudolf,Swabia(approximate date) (d.957)
- Mieszko I,prince ofPoland(approximate date) (d.992)
- Nikon the Metanoeite,Byzantinemonk(d.998)
- Odo I,German nobleman (approximate date) (d.993)
- Ya'qub ibn Killis,Fatimidvizier(d.991)
- Zhang Mi,ChineseCilyricpoet(d. unknown)
931
- March 28–Liu Chengyou,emperor ofLater Han(d.951)
- September 19–Mu Zong,emperor of theLiao Dynasty(d.969)
- Adelaide,empress regent of theHoly Roman Empire(d.999)
- Boris II,ruler (tsar) of theBulgarian Empire(d.977)
- Cao Bin,general of theSong Dynasty(d.999)
- Fu(the Elder), empress consort ofLater Zhou(d.956)
- Li Congyi(Prince of Xu), prince ofLater Tang(d.947)
- Liutgard of Saxony,duchess consort ofLorraine(d.953)
- Taksony,Grand PrinceofHungary(approximate date)
- Yang Guangmei,Chinese general (approximate date)
932
- August 28–Richard I,duke ofNormandy(d.996)
- September 26–Al-Mu'izz,Fatimidcaliph(d.975)
- Abu Firas al-Hamdani,Arab prince and poet (or933)
- Miskawayh,Persianphilosopherand historian (d.1030)
- Sancho I(the Fat), king ofLeón(approximate date)
933
- Al-Hakim Nishapuri,PersianSunnischolar (d.1014)
934
- Dong Yuan,Chinesepainter(approximate date)
- Wolfgang,bishop ofRegensburg(approximate date)
935
- Al-Qadi Abd al-Jabbar,Mu'tazilite theologian (d.1025)
- Eochaid ua Flannacáin,Irish cleric andpoet(d.1004)
- Elvira Ramírez,princess andregentofLeón(approximate date)
- Folcuin,FrankishabbotofSaint Bertin(approximate date)
- Gao Qiong,Chinese general and governor (jiedushi) (d.1006)
- Gerard of Toul,German priest andbishop(d.994)
- Hrosvitha,Germancanonessand poet (approximate date)
- Michitsuna no Haha,Japanese female poet (d.995)
- Ukhtanes of Sebastia,Armenian historian (d.1000)
- Wulfrun,Englishnoblewoman(approximate date)
936
- September 24–'Adud al-Dawla,ruler of theBuyid Dynasty(d.983)
- Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi,Muslim physician andsurgeon(d.1013)
- Gunnor,duchess consort ofNormandy(approximate date)
- Zhou( "the Elder" ), queen consort ofSouthern Tang(approximate date)
937
- Attilanus,bishop ofZamora(d.1007)
- Bagrat II,king ofIberiaandKartli(d.994)
- Gu Hongzhong,Chinese painter (d.975)
- Haakon Sigurdsson,Viking ruler (d.995)
- Khalaf ibn Ahmad,Saffaridemir(d.1009)
- Li Yu,ruler ofSouthern Tang(approximate date)
- Meng Xuanzhe,prince ofLater Shu(d.991)
- William IV,duke ofAquitaine(d. 994)
938
- September 14–Sahib ibn Abbad,Buyidgrand vizier(d.995)
- Almanzor,Umayyadvizierandde factoruler (approximate date)
- Beatrice of France,duchessregentof UpperLorraine(approximate date)
- García Fernández,count ofCastileandÁlava(approximate date)
- Olaf the Peacock,Icelandicmerchantand chieftain (approximate date)
- Romanos II,Byzantine emperor (d.963)
- Sancho II,king ofNavarre(approximate date)
939
- November 20–Tai Zong,emperor of theSong Dynasty(d.997)
- Fujiwara no Takamitsu,Japanesewakapoet (approximate date)
- Hai Gaon,Jewish theologian andrabbi(d.1038)
- Hugh Capet,French king and a descendant ofCharlemagne(approximate date)
Deaths
930
- May 31–Liu Hua,princess ofSouthern Han(b.896)
- June 19–Xiao Qing,chancellor ofLater Liang(b.862)
- June 20–Hucbald,Frankish monk andmusic theorist
- October 26–Li Qi,chancellor of Later Liang (b.871)
- November 19–Yan Keqiu,Chinese chief strategist
- December 2–Ma Yin,Chinesewarlordand king (b.853)
- Amoghavarsha II,ruler ofRashtrakuta(India)
- García II Sánchez,duke ofGascony(approximate date)
- Sharwin II,ruler of theBavand Dynasty(Iran)
- Xia Luqi,general ofLater Tang(b.882)
- Abū Kāmil Shujāʿ ibn Aslam,Egyptian mathematician (b.c. 850)
- Óengus mac Óengusa,Irish poet andChief Ollam of Ireland
931
- January 27–Ruotger,archbishop ofTrier
- April 4–Kong Xun,Chinese governor (b.884)
- May 29–Jimeno Garcés,king ofPamplona
- June 25–An Chonghui,general of Later Tang
- Abu'l-Fadl al-Isfahani,Persian religious leader
- Asfar ibn Shiruya,Iranian military leader
- Bard Boinne,IrishpoetandChief Ollam
- Béatrice of Vermandois,Frankish queen
- Gausbert,count ofEmpúriesandRoussillon
- Gu Quanwu,general of theTang Dynasty(b.864)
- Harald I,king ofNorway(approximate date)
- Hrotheweard(orLodeward), archbishop ofYork
- Ibn Masarra,Muslimasceticand scholar (b.883)
- Christopher Lekapenos,Byzantine co-emperor
- Robert II,bishop ofTours(approximate date)
- Rollo,Viking leader and count (approximate date)
- Stephen VII,pope of theCatholic Church
- Wang Yanbing,prince ofMin(Ten Kingdoms)
932
- May 6–Qian Liu,Chinesewarlordand king (b.852)
- May 18–Ma Shaohong,general ofLater Tang
- June 1–Thietmar,duke ofSaxony
- June 10–Dong Zhang,Chinese general
- August 15–Ma Xisheng,king ofChu(b.899)
- October 31–Al-Muqtadir,Abbasid caliph (b.895)
- Fujiwara no Sadakata,Japanesepoet(b.873)
- Isaac Judaeus,Arab Jewish physician (approximate date)
- Orso II Participazio,doge ofVenice
- Reginar II,Frankishnobleman(b.890)
- Rollo,duke of Normandy (approximate date)
933
- March 10–Li Renfu,Chinesewarlordand governor
- March 16–Takin al-Khazari,Abbasid governor ofEgypt
- November 21–Al-Tahawi,Arabimamand scholar (b.853)
- December 9–Li Congrong,prince ofLater Tang
- December 15–Li Siyuan,emperor of Later Tang (b.867)
- December 18–Yaonian Yanmujin,Chineseempress dowager
- Acfred II,count ofCarcassonneandRazès(France)
- Adelolf,count ofBoulogne(approximate date)
- Alfonso IV,king ofLeónandGalicia(Spain)
- Du Guangting,ChineseTaoist priestand writer (b.850)
- Ealdred I,ruler ('king') ofBernicia(approximate date)
- Edwin,English prince and son ofEdward the Elder
- Fujiwara no Kanesuke,Japanesenobleman(b.877)
- Harald Fairhair,king ofNorway(approximate date)
- Ibn Duraid,Arab poet andphilologist(b.837)
- Mu'nis al-Muzaffar,Abbasid general
- Shaghab,mother andde factoco-ruler ofAl-Muqtadir
- Tryphon,patriarch ofConstantinople
934
- March 4–Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah,Fatimidcaliph(b.873)
- May 9–Wang Sitong,Chinese general and governor (b.892)
- May 14
- Feng Yun,Chinese chancellor (approximate date)
- Zhu Hongzhao,Chinese general and governor
- May 16–Meng Hanqiong,eunuchofficial ofLater Tang
- September 7–Meng Zhixiang,Chinese general (b.874)
- November 1–Beornstan,bishop ofWinchester
- November 2–Emma,queen of theWest Frankish Kingdom
- Abu Zayd al-Balkhi,Abbasidmathematicianandphysician
- Gervadius,Irishhermitand saint (approximate date)
- Gofraid ua Ímair,Viking leader and king ofDublin
- Li Conghou,emperor of Later Tang (b.914)
- Li Renhan,Chinese general and governor
- Melias,Byzantine general (strategos)
- Olaf Haraldsson,son ofHarald Fairhair
- Sale Ngahkwe,king ofPagan(Burma)
- Uallach ingen Muinecháin,Irishpoet
- Xu Zhixun,general ofWu(Ten Kingdoms)
- Xue Wenjie,official ofMin(Ten Kingdoms)
935
- January 22–Ma,empress ofSouthern Han
- January –Mardavij,founder of theZiyarid dynasty(Iran), assassinated
- September 28–Wenceslaus I,duke ofBohemia(b. c.907), assassinated
- October 24–Li Yu,Chinese official and chancellor
- November 17– assassination:
- Wang Yanjun,emperor of Min (Ten Kingdoms)
- Chen Jinfeng,empress consort of Min (b.893)
- Dai Siyuan,general ofLater Liang(Five Dynasties)
- Govinda IV,ruler of theRashtrakuta Dynasty(India)
- Gruffydd ab Owain,king ofGlywysing(approximate date)
- John XI,pope of theCatholic Church(approximate date)
- Li Yichao,Chinesewarlordand governor (jiedushi)
- Niftawayh,Abbasid scholar and grammarian (b.858)
- Trpimir II,king ofCroatia(approximate date)
- Werner V,Frankish nobleman (approximate date)
- Yang Dongqian,Chinese official and chancellor
- Zhao Feng,Chinese official and chancellor
936
- February 13–Xiao Wen,empress of theLiao Dynasty
- July 2–Henry the Fowler,king of theEast Frankish Kingdom
- July 5–Xu Ji,official and chancellor ofFormer Shu
- September 17–Unni,archbishop ofHamburg-Bremen
- September 27–Kyŏn Hwŏn,king ofLater Baekje(b.867)
- December 25–Zhang Jingda,general ofLater Tang
- Abu Bakr ibn Mujāhid,Muslimcanonicalreader and scholar
- Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari,MuslimShafi'ischolar (b.874)
- Al-Muntakhab al-Hasan,ruler of theRassid Dynasty
- Andrew of Constantinople,Byzantinesaint
- Gagik I of Vaspurakan,Armenian king (or943)
- Ibn al-Mughallis,Muslim theologian andjurist
- Murchadh mac Sochlachan,king ofUí Maine(Ireland)
- Rudolph I,king of theWest Frankish Kingdom
- Dandi Mahadevi,Indian queen regnant
937
- January 11
- Cao,empress ofLater Tang
- Li Chongmei,prince of Later Tang
- Li Congke,emperor of Later Tang (b.885)
- Liu,empress of Later Tang
- January 14–Zhang Yanlang,Chinese official
- July 11–Rudolph II,king ofBurgundy
- July 14–Arnulf I,duke ofBavaria
- October 10–Wang Lingmou,chancellor ofWu
- December 3–Siegfried,Frankishnobleman
- Ælfwine,bishop ofLichfield(approximate date)
- Abbo,adviser and bishop ofSoissons
- Alphege,bishop ofWells(approximate date)
- David II,king of Iberia/Kartli (Georgia)
- David ibn Merwan,Jewishphilosopher
- Dubacan of Angus,Scottish nobleman
- Ermengol,Frankish nobleman (b.870)
- Gebeachan,king of theIsles(Hebrides)
- Liu Yanhao,general of Later Tang
- Marozia,Roman noblewoman (b.890)
- Tidhelm,bishop ofHereford(approximate date)
- Xu Jingqian,official andregentof Wu (b.919)
- Yang Meng,prince of Wu (Ten Kingdoms)
- Yelü Bei,prince of theLiao Dynasty(b.899)
- Zhao Dejun,general of Later Tang
938
- February 3–Zhou Ben,general ofWu(b.862)
- July 28–Thankmar,half-brother ofOtto I(during the Siege ofEresburg)
- Lady Ise,Japanesenoblewomanandpoet(b.875) (approximate date)
- Lady Peng,noblewoman ofChu(Ten Kingdoms)
- Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Khara'iti,Abbasid theologian
- Shen Song,chancellor ofWuyue(b.863)
939
- January 21–Yang Pu,emperor ofWu(b.900)
- May 25–Yao Yanzhang,general ofChu
- July 13–Leo VII,pope of theCatholic Church
- August 29
- Li Chunyan,empress ofMin(Ten Kingdoms)
- Wang Jipeng,emperor of Min
- October 2
- Eberhard III,duke ofFranconia
- Gilbert,duke ofLotharingia
- October 27–Æthelstan,king ofEngland[23]
- November 28–Lady Ma,Chinesenoblewoman(b.890)
- Ali ibn Babawayh Qummi,TwelverShi'ascholar
- Ashot the Swift,prince ofTao-Klarjeti(Georgia)
- Pietro II Candiano,doge ofVenice
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