10th century in England

Events from the10th century in theKingdom of England.

Events

902
- IrishNorsemen,expelled fromDublin,establish colonies onThe Wirral.^[1]
909
- KingEdward the Elderand his sister, PrincessÆthelflædofMercia,raid DanishEast Angliaand bring back the relics ofSt. Oswaldin triumph. Æthelflædtranslatesthem to the new minster inGloucester,which is renamedSt. Oswald's Prioryin his honour.^[2]
- Edward despatches anAnglo-Saxonarmy to attack theNorthumbrian Vikingsand ravagesScandinavian York.^[3]
- TheDioceses of Bathand ofCreditonare separated from that ofSherborne,Athelmbeing appointed first Bishop of Wells andEadwulf of Crediton.Æthelweardbriefly serves as Bishop of Sherborne at about this time.
910–920
- Edward the Elder,King of Wessex,and his sister,Æthelflæd,Lady of theMercians,conquer most of theDanelaw.^[4]
910
- 5 August –Battle of Tettenhall:Edward the Elder,King of Wessex,allied with the forces of Mercia, defeats aNorthumbrian Vikingarmy;Eowils and HalfdanandIngwær,kings of Northumbria, are killed.^[5]
911
- Edward transfers London andOxfordfromMerciatoWessex.^[1]
- Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians,dies and his wifeÆthelflædtakes over rule asLady of the Mercians.
912
- Æthelflædof Mercia begins to establish fortifiedburhs,including one atBridgnorth.
913
- Æthelflædrebuilds the ruined town ofTamworthas aburhand capital of Mercia, also establishing a burh atStafford.
914
- Æthelflædof Mercia establishesEddisburyandWarwickas burhs.
- (or923) Death ofPlegmund,Archbishop of Canterbury.
915
- First Battle of Corbridge: Viking victory over the Anglo-Saxons.^[1]
- King Edward occupiesBedford.^[1]
- Æthelflædof Mercia establishesChirburyandRuncornas burhs.
917
- King Edward capturesDerbyand seizes control ofEast Anglia.AllDanessouth of theHumbersubmit to his rule.^[1]
918
- 12 June –Æthelflædof Mercia dies atTamworth;Edward the Elder takes control of her kingdom.^[1]
- Welsh kings payhomageto Edward.^[1]
- SecondBattle of Corbridge.
919
- Ragnall ua Ímairseizes control of theKingdom of York.^[1]
920
- NorseVikings underSitric CáechattackCheshire.^[1]
- Constantine II of Scotland,and the kings ofStrathclyde,York, andNorthumbriaacknowledge Edward the Elder as their overlord.^[1]
c.923
- Athelmenthroned asArchbishop of Canterbury.
924
- 17 July – Edward the Elder dies and is succeeded byÆthelstanas King of Wessex.^[5]
925
- 4 September – coronation of Æthelstan as King of Wessex^[1]atKingston upon Thames.
926
- 8 January – death ofAthelm,Archbishop of Canterbury. He will be succeeded byWulfhelm.
- 30 January – a sister of King Æthelstan, perhapsEdith of Polesworth,is married toSitric Cáech,the squint-eyed NorseKing of Northumbriaand Dublin (died 927), inTamworth.^[6]^[7]
- Possible date (or 936?) –Conanis nominated asBishop of Cornwallby Æthelstan.
927
- KingÆthelstanoccupiesYork^[1]following the death ofSitric Cáech.
- 12 July – KingÆthelstanof Wessex claims his kingdom and receives the submission of High-ReeveEaldred I of Bamburghand probably also ofOwain ap Dyfnwal,King of Strathclyde,atEamont Bridge.He unifies the various small kingdoms of the Anglo-SaxonHeptarchy,creating theKingdom of England,and also secures a pledge from KingConstantine IIofScotland,that he will not ally with theVikingkings.^[1]This summer also KingsHywel DdaofDeheubarthandOwainofGlywysingandGwentsubmit to the overlordship of Æthelstan atHereford.
928
- King Æthelstan sets the border between England andWalesat theRiver Wye.^[1]
- King Æthelstan asserts authority over the Cornish, and sets the border ofCornwallat theRiver Tamar.^[1]
- The scribe known as "Æthelstan A"begins to draft royal charters.
931
- Æthelstan holds the first Council of All England, atColchester.^[1]
933
- Æthelstan foundsMilton AbbeyinDorset.
934
- Æthelstan invadesScotland,reaching as far asCaithness.^[1]
935
- Approximate date – Æthelstan mints the first coins proclaiming himself to be "King of All Britain" (Rex To[tius] Brit[anniae]).^[1]^[8]
937
- Battle of Brunanburh:King Æthelstan defeatsOlaf Guthfrithson,the NorseKing of Dublin,Constantine II,King of Scots,andOwain ap Dyfnwal,King of the Cumbrians.^[5]In thanksgiving for his victory, on his return Æthelstan grantsBeverley Minstercollegiate status (according to legend).^[9]
939
- Failed expedition to support KingLouis IV of FranceagainstOtto, King of East Francia.^[1]
- 27 October – King Æthelstan dies at Gloucester; he is buried atMalmesbury Abbeyand succeeded by his half-brotherEdmund I.^[5]
- King Olaf Guthfrithson captures York.^[1]
940
- King Edmund cedesNorthumbriaand theFive Boroughs of the Danelawto Olaf Guthfrithson.^[5]
- King Edmund summonsDunstanto his court, where he becomes a favourite, and appoints himAbbot of Glastonbury,where he initiatesEnglish Benedictine Reformand revival.^[1]
941
- King Olaf Guthfrithson dies;Amlaíb Cuarán(Óláfr Sigtryggsson) succeeds him asKing of Northumbria.^[1]
- 12 February – death ofWulfhelm,Archbishop of Canterbury.
- Odaenthroned asArchbishop of Canterbury.
942
- King Edmund re-captures the Five Boroughs.^[1]
943
- Vikings takeTamworth.^[10]
944
- King Edmund takesYorkfrom the Vikings.^[5]
945
- King Edmund invadesStrathclyde,and grantsCumbriato KingMalcolm I of Scotland.^[1]
946
- 26 May – King Edmund is murdered by an exiled criminal atPucklechurchand succeeded by his brotherEadred of England^[5]who is crowned on 16 August at Kingston upon Thames.
947
- Wulfstan I, Archbishop of Yorkinvites the Viking leaderEric Bloodaxeto becomeKing of Northumbria.^[1]
- First record ofHorsham.
948
- King Eadred expels Eric Bloodaxe fromNorthumbria.^[5]
- King Malcolm I of Scotland raids Northumbria.^[1]
949
- Óláfr Sigtryggssonreturns as King of Northumbria.^[1]
952
- Eric Bloodaxe reconquers York.^[5]
- King Eadred imprisons Wulfstan of York.^[1]
954
- Eric Bloodaxe is killed atStainmoreallowing King Eadred to recover York,^[5]reuniting the kingdom ofNorthumbriawith that of England, under the administration ofOsulf I of Bamburgh.
955
- 23 November – King Eadred dies atFromeand is succeeded by his nephewEadwig.^[5]
956
- Dunstan exiled after quarreling with King Eadwig.^[1]
957
- Dunstanre-founds abbeys atBath,Exeter,Malmesbury,andWestminster.^[1]
- Merciaand Northumbria rebel, choosingEdgaras King.^[1]
958
- 2 June – death ofOda of Canterbury,Archbishop of Canterbury.
959
- Ælfsigeenthroned asArchbishop of Canterburybut dies en route toRome.
- Byrhthelmenthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury.
- 1 October – King Edy dies and is succeeded by his brotherEdgar the Peaceful.^[5]Edgar overturns the appointment of Byrhthelm as Archbishop of Canterbury in favour ofDunstan.
960
- 21 September – Dunstan receives thepalliumas Archbishop of Canterbury fromPope John XII.
961
- Saint OswaldbecomesBishop of Worcester;he establishes or re-founds abbeys atRamsey, Cambridgeshire,Evesham,Pershore,andWinchcombe.^[1]Ordgar, Ealdorman of Devon,foundsTavistock Abbey.
963
- King Edgar grants legal autonomy to the Danelaw.^[1]
- ÆthelwoldbecomesBishop of Winchester;re-founds abbeys atElyand (about 966)Peterborough(Medeshamstede).^[1]
c.970
- Regularis Concordiaproduced atWinchester.^[4]
- Oaktree begins growing in what will becomeBlenheim Parkin Oxfordshire which will still be living in the second decade of the 21st century.^[11]
971
- 15 July – the planned removal of the body of SaintSwithunduring the re-building ofWinchester Cathedralis delayed by 40 days due to rain.^[12]
- Kenneth II of Scotlandraids England, reaching as far asYorkshire.^[1]
973
- 11 May – coronation of King Edgar atBath.^[5]
- Edgar sails toChester,and receiveshomagefrom the rulers ofAlba,Strathclyde, Wales, and theKingdom of the Isles.^[1]
- Edgar has the coinage called in and re-struck as uniform pennies.
975
- 8 July – King Edgar dies and is succeeded by his 12-year-old sonEdward.^[5]
978
- 18 March – King Edward is murdered by the servants of his stepmother QueenÆlfthrythatCorfe Castle.He is succeeded by his stepbrotherÆthelred the Unready.^[5]
980
- Vikings begin a new wave of raids on England.^[5]
981
- 13 February – start of a 7-day procession in which the bones of StEdward the MartyraretranslatedfromWarehamtoShaftesbury Abbey,overseen byDunstanandÆlfhere, Ealdorman of Mercia.^[13]
- Viking raids onDorset,Devon,and Cornwall begin, and continue for a further seven years.^[1]
985
- KingÆthelredgrants lands atHēatūnto LadyWulfrunby royal charter, thus founding what will becomeWolverhampton.^[14]^[15]
986
- Cholsey Abbey,anunnery,is founded in the upper Thames valley by dowager queenÆlfthryth.
988
- 19 May – death ofDunstan,Archbishop of Canterbury. He is succeeded byÆthelgar.
990
- 13 February – death ofÆthelgar,Archbishop of Canterbury.
- Sigeric the Seriousenthroned asArchbishop of Canterbury.
991
- 1 March – Æthelred signs a treaty with DukeRichard I of Normandy,by which each agrees not to aid the others' enemies.^[1]
- August –Norseinvasion force sacksIpswich.^[1]
- 10 August –Battle of Maldon:Danes defeat the English army,^[5]whose leader,Byrhtnoth,is killed.
- The firstDanegeld,of £10,000, is paid to the Danes in return for their leaving England (according to theAnglo-Saxon Chronicle).^[5]
993
- Danes raidNorthumbria,^[1]destroying the original fortifications atBamburgh Castle.
994
- Norse and Danish armies ravage the south-east, but fail to capture London.^[1]
- £16,000 of Danegeld paid.^[1]
- Olaf II of NorwayisbaptisedatAndover,and swears not to return to England.^[1]
995
- Ælfric of Abingdonenthroned asArchbishop of Canterbury.
- Aldhun,Bishop of Lindisfarne,moves hisepiscopal seefromChester-le-StreettoDurham,to which the remains ofSaint Cuthbert(d.687) are translated.
- Ælfric of Eynshamcompletes hisCatholic Homilies.^[1]
997
- King Æthelred issues a law code atWantage,defining the legal position in the Danelaw and introducingtrial by jury.^[1]
- Ælfric of Eynsham completes the EnglishLives of Saints.^[1]
998
- Danes raid southern and western coasts.^[1]
999
- Danes raidKent,attackingRochester.^[1]
1000
- English fleet invades theIsle of Man.^[1]
- English invasion ofCumbriafails.^[1]
- Heroic poemThe Battle of Maldoncomposed.^[1]

Births

902
- Dunstan,Archbishop of Canterbury (died 988)
922
- KingEdmund I of England(died 946)
923
- KingEadred of England(died 955)
943/44
- KingEdgar of England(died 975)
c. 950
- Sigeric the Serious,Archbishop of Canterbury (died 994)
c. 955
- Ælfric of Eynsham,abbot and religious writer (died1010)
c. 962
- KingEdward the Martyr(died 978)
968
- KingÆthelred the Unready(died1016)

Deaths

902
- 5 December –Ealhswith,queen consort of Alfred the Great
904
- John the Old Saxon,Abbot of Athelney (approximate date)
908
- Denewulf,Bishop of Winchester
909 – approximate date
- Asser,Bishop of Sherborne and scholar
- Wighelm,probable Bishop of Selsey
911
- Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians
912
- Wilferth,Bishop of Lichfield (approximate date)
913
- Eadwulf II of Northumbria(killed)
914 or 923
- 2 August –Plegmund,Archbishop of Canterbury
915
- Cutheard of Lindisfarne,bishop (approximate date)
917
- Guthrum II,presumed king of East Anglia
918
- 12 June –Æthelflæd,Lady of the Mercians (born c. 870)
920 or 922
- Æthelweard (son of Alfred)
921
- Ragnall ua Ímair,Norse King of Northumbria and Mann
924
- 17 July –Edward the Elder,King of Wessex (born c. 871)
- 2 August –Ælfweard of Wessex,King of Wessex
926
- 8 January –Athelm,Archbishop of Canterbury
927
- Sitric Cáech,NorseKing of Northumbria
939
- 27 October –Æthelstan,King of England (born c. 895)
941
- 12 February –Wulfhelm,Archbishop of Canterbury
946
- 26 May – KingEdmund I of England(born 922)
954
- Eric Bloodaxe,Norse King of Northumbria (born c. 895)
955
- 23 November – KingEadred of England(born c. 923)
958
- Oda,Archbishop of Canterbury
959
- Ælfsige,Archbishop of Canterbury
c. 962/3
- Æthelwald, Ealdorman of East Anglia
971
- Ordgar, Ealdorman of Devon
973
- 15 May –Byrhthelm,Archbishop of Canterbury
975
- 8 July – KingEdgar of England(born c. 943)
977
- 30 April–2 May –Sideman,Bishop of Crediton
978
- 18 March – KingEdward the Martyr(born c. 962)
988
- Dunstan,Archbishop of Canterbury (born c. 909)
990
- 13 February –Æthelgar,Archbishop of Canterbury
994
- 28 October –Sigeric the Serious,Archbishop of Canterbury (born c. 950)

References

^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ayPalmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992).The Chronology of British History.London: Century Ltd. pp. 42–47.ISBN 978-0-7126-5616-0.
^Heighway, Carolyn (2001). "Gloucester and the new minister of St Oswald". In Higham, N. J.; Hill, D. H. (eds.).Edward the Elder 899-924.Routledge. p. 108.
^Haywood, John (1995).Historical Atlas of the Vikings.Penguin Books. p.68.ISBN 978-0-140-51328-8.
^^a ^bMorgan, Kenneth O.(1998).The Oxford Popular History of Britain.Parragon.ISBN 978-0-7525-2572-3.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^rWilliams, Hywel (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History.London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp.95–104.ISBN 978-0-304-35730-7.
^Smith, Christine."Who Was St. Editha?".Archived fromthe originalon 2012-10-19.Retrieved2012-02-23.
^"Sihtric (Norse King of York)".Medieval People.TimeRef. Archived fromthe originalon 2012-05-24.Retrieved2012-02-23.
^"Silver coin of Athelstan".British Museum.Retrieved2014-03-25.
^"History Timeline".Beverley Minster.Retrieved2016-12-24.
^Swanton, Michael, ed. (1996). "Ms. D, s.a. 943".TheAnglo-Saxon Chronicle.New York: Routledge. p. 111.ISBN 978-0-415-92129-9.OCLC 214956905.
^Wilkinson, Joe (2016-07-12)."Experts locate the oldest oak of Britain".ProArb.Retrieved2023-03-12.
^Penguin Pocket On This Day.Penguin Reference Library. 2006.ISBN 978-0-14-102715-9.
^"St Edward the Martyr".Catholic Encyclopedia.Robert Appleton Company. 1909.Retrieved2007-09-21.
^Kemble, John Mitchell.Codex Diplomaticus Ævi Saxonino. 650.
^Jones, Jenny."Lady Wulfruna: Wolverhampton's Founding Mother".Wolverhampton History and Heritage Society.Retrieved2014-03-03.

[CBH-1] ^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ayPalmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992).The Chronology of British History.London: Century Ltd. pp. 42–47.ISBN 978-0-7126-5616-0.

[2] Heighway, Carolyn (2001). "Gloucester and the new minister of St Oswald". In Higham, N. J.; Hill, D. H. (eds.).Edward the Elder 899-924.Routledge. p. 108.

[3] Haywood, John (1995).Historical Atlas of the Vikings.Penguin Books. p.68.ISBN 978-0-140-51328-8.

[Oxford_Popular-4] Morgan, Kenneth O.(1998).The Oxford Popular History of Britain.Parragon.ISBN 978-0-7525-2572-3.

[Cassell's_Chronology-5] ^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^rWilliams, Hywel (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History.London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp.95–104.ISBN 978-0-304-35730-7.

[6] Smith, Christine."Who Was St. Editha?".Archived fromthe originalon 2012-10-19.Retrieved2012-02-23.

[7] "Sihtric (Norse King of York)".Medieval People.TimeRef. Archived fromthe originalon 2012-05-24.Retrieved2012-02-23.

[8] "Silver coin of Athelstan".British Museum.Retrieved2014-03-25.

[9] "History Timeline".Beverley Minster.Retrieved2016-12-24.

[10] Swanton, Michael, ed. (1996). "Ms. D, s.a. 943".TheAnglo-Saxon Chronicle.New York: Routledge. p. 111.ISBN 978-0-415-92129-9.OCLC 214956905.

[11] Wilkinson, Joe (2016-07-12)."Experts locate the oldest oak of Britain".ProArb.Retrieved2023-03-12.

[Pocket_On_This_Day-12] Penguin Pocket On This Day.Penguin Reference Library. 2006.ISBN 978-0-14-102715-9.

[CE-13] "St Edward the Martyr".Catholic Encyclopedia.Robert Appleton Company. 1909.Retrieved2007-09-21.

[14] Kemble, John Mitchell.Codex Diplomaticus Ævi Saxonino. 650.

[15] Jones, Jenny."Lady Wulfruna: Wolverhampton's Founding Mother".Wolverhampton History and Heritage Society.Retrieved2014-03-03.

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v t e Timelines of early English history (to 927)
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