998
Appearance
This articleneeds additional citations forverification.(June 2021) |
Millennium: | 1st millennium |
---|---|
Centuries: | |
Decades: | |
Years: |
998 by topic |
---|
Leaders |
Categories |
Gregorian calendar | 998 CMXCVIII |
Ab urbe condita | 1751 |
Armenian calendar | 447 ԹՎ ՆԽԷ |
Assyrian calendar | 5748 |
Balinese saka calendar | 919–920 |
Bengali calendar | 405 |
Berber calendar | 1948 |
Buddhist calendar | 1542 |
Burmese calendar | 360 |
Byzantine calendar | 6506–6507 |
Chinese calendar | Đinh DậuNăm (FireRooster) 3695 or 3488 — to — Mậu Tuất năm (EarthDog) 3696 or 3489 |
Coptic calendar | 714–715 |
Discordian calendar | 2164 |
Ethiopian calendar | 990–991 |
Hebrew calendar | 4758–4759 |
Hindu calendars | |
-Vikram Samvat | 1054–1055 |
-Shaka Samvat | 919–920 |
-Kali Yuga | 4098–4099 |
Holocene calendar | 10998 |
Iranian calendar | 376–377 |
Islamic calendar | 387–389 |
Japanese calendar | Chōtoku4 ( trường đức 4 năm ) |
Javanese calendar | 899–900 |
Julian calendar | 998 CMXCVIII |
Korean calendar | 3331 |
Minguo calendar | 914 beforeROC Dân trước 914 năm |
Nanakshahi calendar | −470 |
Seleucid era | 1309/1310AG |
Thai solar calendar | 1540–1541 |
Tibetan calendar | Âm hỏa gà năm (female Fire-Rooster) 1124 or 743 or −29 — to — Dương thổ cẩu năm (male Earth-Dog) 1125 or 744 or −28 |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Pope_Gregory_V.jpg/300px-Pope_Gregory_V.jpg)
Year998(CMXCVIII) was acommon year starting on Saturday(link will display the full calendar) of theJulian calendar.
Events
[edit]By place
[edit]Europe
[edit]- Spring –Otto IIIretakesRomeand restores power in the papal city.Crescentius II(the Younger) and his followers barricade themselves inCastel Sant'Angelo.Otto's former tutor John Philagathos (AntipopeJohn XVI), who tries to escape intoCampania,is pursued by German troops and captured. He is horribly mutilated – his ears, nose and tongue cut off and his eyes are gouged out. Crescentius surrenders at his stronghold and is beheaded. Otto reinstates his cousin,Gregory V,as pope of theCatholic Church.[1]
- Croatian–Bulgarian War:EmperorSamuellaunches a military campaign against theKingdom of Croatiato prevent analliancebetween theSerbian principalityand theByzantines.He seizes Dyrrachium (modern-dayDurrësinAlbania) and advances along theDalmatiancoast. The Bulgarian army is forced to withdraw into Croatian hinterlands (now part ofBosnia and Herzegovina), after theSiege of Zadar.[2]
- Fall – Otto III makes Rome the administrative capital of theHoly Roman Empireand begins the construction of his imperial palace on thePalatine Hill.He restores the ancientRoman Senateto its position of prominence and adopts the title of "Emperor of the Romans". To this Otto adds the apostolic devotion formulaservus Jesu Christi('Servant ofJesus Christ').[3]
- Winter – KingRobert II(the Pious) isexcommunicatedby Gregory V. For reasons ofconsanguinity,his second marriage toBertha of Burgundyis not accepted by the Catholic Church.[4]
Arabian Empire
[edit]- Battle of Ghazni:The Afghan princeMahmuddefeats his younger brotherIsmail(the rulingemirof theGhaznavid Dynasty) in battle. He places Ismail in comfortable captivity for the rest of his life and expands the realm of his late father,Sebuktigin,into thePunjabin northwesternIndia.
- Summer –Revolt of Tyre:The city ofTyre(modernLebanon) is stormed by forces of theFatimid Caliphate.A Byzantine squadron attempts to reinforce but is repulsed by the Fatimid navy. The defenders are massacred or taken captive toEgypt.The Byzantine captives are executed.[5]
- July 19–Battle of Apamea:Byzantine forces under governor (doux)Damian Dalassenosbesiege the fortress city ofApameafor control over northernSyria.The Fatimids send a relief army fromDamascus– and defeat the Byzantines, Dalassenos is killed by aKurdishofficer in battle.
Japan
[edit]- Byōdō-inTemple (located inYamashiro Province) is built during theHeian Periodon orders ofFujiwara no Michinaga,who uses theBuddhisttemple as a countryside retreat villa (modern-dayKyoto Prefecture).[6]
By topic
[edit]Religion
[edit]- Winter – Otto III makes apilgrimagethrough middleItalyfromGarganotoBenevento.Stopping byMonte Cassino,where he meets thehermitmonkRomuald.
- BishopWulfsige IIIestablishes aBenedictineabbey atSherborne(Dorsetshire).
Births
[edit]- Ibn Abi Hasina,Arabpoetandpanegyrist(d.1065)
- Mas'ud I,sultan of theGhaznavid Empire(d.1040)
- Muhammad,sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire (d.1041)
- Song Qi,Chinese statesman andhistorian(d.1061)
- Zeng Gongliang,Chinese scholar and writer (d.1078)
Deaths
[edit]- July 15–Abu al-Wafa' Buzjani,Persianmathematician(b.940)
- July 19–Damian Dalassenos,Byzantine governor (doux)
- August 8–Sŏ Hŭi,Korean politician anddiplomat(b.942)
- August 19–Fujiwara no Sukemasa,Japanese statesman (b.944)
- August 24–Sisinnius II,patriarch ofConstantinople
- October 28–Sigfried,count of theArdennes(Luxembourg)
- Æthelweard,Englishealdormanand historian (approximate date)
- Koppány(orCupan), Hungariannobleman(approximate date)
- Landulf of Carcano,Lombard chronicler andarchbishop
- Nikon the Metanoeite,Byzantinemonkandpreacher
- Samsam al-Dawla,emir of theBuyid Dynasty(b.963)
- Yelü Xiuge,general and politician of theLiao Dynasty
References
[edit]- ^John Norwich (1991).Byzantium: The Apogee,pp. 255–256.ISBN0-394-53779-3.
- ^John Norwich (1991).Byzantium: The Apogee,p. 257.ISBN0-394-53779-3.
- ^Reuter, Timothy (1992).The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III,p. 258.ISBN978-0-521-36447-8.
- ^James Palmer (2014).The Apocalypse in the Early Middle Ages,p. 215. Cambridge University Press.
- ^Gil, Moshe (1997).A History of Palestine, 634–1099,pp. 369–370. Cambridge University Press.ISBN0-521-59984-9.
- ^Uji Travel: Byodoin Temple - Japan Guide (Retrieved August 4, 2017).