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9K111 Fagot

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Fagot
9K111 Fagot in Russian service
TypeAnti-tank weapon
Place of originSoviet Union
Service history
In service1970–present
Used bySeeOperators
Wars
Production history
DesignerTula Machinery Design Bureau (Tula KBP)
Designed1962
Produced1970
VariantsSee Models
Specifications
Mass
  • 12.5 kg (28 lb) (missile weight)
  • 22.5 kg (50 lb) (9P135 launching post)[6]
Length1,100 mm (3 ft 7 in)
Diameter120 mm (4.7 in)
Action400 mm versus RHA or 200 mm toward armour inclined at 60°
Rate of fire3 rds / min
Muzzle velocity
  • 80 m/s (180 mph; 290 km/h) at launch
  • 186 m/s (420 mph; 670 km/h) in flight speed
Effective firing range70–2,500 m (230–8,200 ft)
WarheadHigh-explosive anti-tank(HEAT) warhead
Warhead weight1.7 kg (3.7 lb)
Guidance
system
SACLOSwire-guided missile

The9K111Fagot(Russian:Фагот;"bassoon") is a second-generation tube-launchedsemi-automatic command to line of sight(SACLOS)wire-guidedanti-tank missilesystem of theSoviet Unionfor use from ground or vehicle mounts. The 9K111 Fagot missile system was developed by the Tula KBP Design Bureau for Instrument Building.9M111is the designation for the missile. ItsNATO reporting nameisAT-4 Spigot.

Development

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The 9K111 Fagot was developed by the Tula Machinery Design Bureau (Tula KBP) and development began in 1962 with the aim of producing the next generation of SACLOSanti-tank guided missile(ATGM) for use in two roles: as man portable and tank destroyer. The 9K111 Fagot was developed alongside the9M113 Konkurs;both missiles use similar technology, differing in size only, and can use the same launchers. The missile entered service in 1970.

History

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The anti-tank platoon of aSovietBTR equipped motor riflebattalionhad two (sometimes three)[7]ATGM squads, each with two 9K111 Fagot teams. The team consisted of three men; the gunner carries the9P135launcher and tripod as a back pack, and the other two men each carry two launch tubes. The men also carry assault rifles, but do not carry arocket-propelled grenade(RPG), because unlike the earlier missiles there is only a small deadzone within which the missile cannot engage the target. Besides the four missiles carried by each team, each squad would normally have an extra eight missiles carried in their transport, usually aBTR.It can also be deployed from theBMP-1P,BMD-1P,BTR-DandUAZ-469.

North Korea was said to have acquired a number of the systems during the late 1980s until the 2000s. These were subsequently reverse-engineered under the designationBulsae-2.[8]It was advertised under designation AT-4MLB by North Korean proxy company GLOCOM, in brochure it was stated that it is controlled by laser beam guidance method,[9][10]which was an upgrade designatedBulsae-3.[11][12]Its use was first reported in 2014 in the ranks of theIzz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigadesand theAl-Nasser Salah al-Deen Brigades.[13]

Description

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The missile is stored and carried in a container/launch tube. It is fired from a9P135launcher post, a simple tripod. A9S451guidance box is fitted to the tripod with the missile sitting just above. The9Sh119sight is fitted to the left side (from the gunner's point of view). The complete launcher system weighs 22.5 kg (50 lb). The gunner lies prone while firing. The system can engage moving targets travelling at less than 60 km/h (37 mph). The launcher post can traverse through 360 degrees horizontally, and ±20 degrees in elevation. The sight has a magnification of 10× and a 5 degree field of view. Up to three missiles a minute can be fired from a launcher post.

The system uses a gas generator to push the missile out of the launch tube, with the gas exiting the rear of the launch tube in a manner similar to arecoilless rifle.The missile leaves the launch tube at 80 m/s (180 mph; 290 km/h), and is then quickly accelerated to 186 m/s (420 mph; 670 km/h) by its solid fuel motor. This initial high speed reduces the missile'sdeadzone,since it can be launched directly at the target, rather than in an upward arc.

The launcher tracks the position of an incandescentinfraredbulb on the back of the missile relative to the target and transmits appropriate commands to the missile via a thin wire that trails behind the missile. The SACLOS guidance system has many benefits overmanual command to line of sight(MCLOS), with the accuracy of the system stated as 90% in some sources, though its performance is probably comparable to theTOWor the later SACLOS versions of the9M14 Malyutka.

Models

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Slovenian army soldiers launching a Fagot

Missile

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  • 9M111Fagot(NATO:AT-4SpigotandAT-4ASpigot A) Entered service in 1970. Maximum range 2,000 m (6,600 ft; 1.2 mi), minimum 70 m (230 ft). Warhead 400 mm versusRHAor 200 mm toward armour inclined at 60°.[14]
  • 9M111-2Fagot(NATO:AT-4BSpigot B) Slightly improved version.
  • 9M111MFaktoriya/Faktoria[15](Trading post) orFagot-M(NATO:AT-4CSpigot C) Improved motor, longer guidance wire. Maximum range 2,500 m (8,200 ft; 1.6 mi), minimum 75 m (246 ft). Improved single HEAT warhead; penetration 600 mm versus RHA or 230 mm toward armour inclined at 60°[14][16][17](some publications claimed 9M111M to have tandem HEAT warhead).
[18] 9M111/AT-4A 9M111-2/AT-4B 9M111M/AT-4C
Launch tube weight 13 kg (29 lb) 13 kg (29 lb) 13.4 kg (30 lb)
Range 75–2,000 m 75–2,500 m 75–2,500 m
Warhead HEAT, 400 mm RHA penetration HEAT, 460 mm RHA penetration HEAT, 600 mm RHA penetration

Launcher

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  • 9P13522.5 kg (50 lb). Can only fire the9M111Fagotseries.
  • 9P135MCan fire the9M111Fagot(NATO: AT-4Spigot) series as well as the9K113Konkurs(NATO: AT-5Spandrel) series missiles.
  • 9P135M1Updated version of the 9P135.
  • 9P135M2Updated version of the 9P135.
  • 9P135M3Deployed in the early 1990s. Adds 13 kg (29 lb) TPVPthermal imagingnight sight – range 2,500 m (8,200 ft; 1.6 mi) at night.
  • 9S451M2A launcher with a night sight featuring an anti-dazzle system has been developed.

Operators

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Operators
Current
Former

Current operators

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Former operators

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Non-state actors

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See also

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References

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  1. ^"Aleksandr Antonovich Lyakhovskiy Working Paper pp"(PDF).Woodrow Wilson Center for Public Policy. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 6 July 2017.Retrieved15 July2017.
  2. ^Razoux, Pierre (3 November 2015).The Iran-Iraq War.Harvard University Press.ISBN9780674088634.Archivedfrom the original on 10 May 2018.Retrieved9 May2018.
  3. ^abIgnacio Fuente Cobo; Fernando M. Mariño Menéndez (2006).El conflicto del Sahara occidental(PDF)(in Spanish).Ministerio de Defensa de España&Universidad Carlos III de Madrid.p. 117.ISBN84-9781-253-0.Fuente & Mariño.
  4. ^"Записки с кавказской войны".Utro.ru.20 August 2008.Archivedfrom the original on 17 August 2017.Retrieved15 July2017.
  5. ^abc"Etat islamique: comment les djihadistes emploient les missiles antichars pour appuyer leurs offensives".France-Soir(in French). 4 May 2017.Archivedfrom the original on 6 September 2018.Retrieved6 September2018.
  6. ^"AT-5 SPANDREL Anti-Tank Guided Missile".fas.org.Federation of American Scientists (FAS).Archivedfrom the original on 1 January 2019.Retrieved15 December2018.
  7. ^Owen, Garry."MRB Anti-Tank Platoon (APC)".Red Guards Index.Archivedfrom the original on 12 January 2016.Retrieved16 May2014.
  8. ^"North Korea Country Handbook: Marine Corps Intelligence Activity"(PDF).Fas.org.Archived(PDF)from the original on 4 March 2016.Retrieved15 July2017.
  9. ^Berger, Andrea (14 July 2017).Target Markets: North Korea's Military Customers.Taylor & Francis.ISBN9781351713009.
  10. ^"Glocom is at It Again".
  11. ^Bulsae-2.Military-Today.
  12. ^The State of the North Korean Military.Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.18 March 2020.
  13. ^"Oryx Blog on DPRK Arms Exports".Archivedfrom the original on 20 September 2017.Retrieved20 September2017.
  14. ^abMaksim Sayenko. "Bronya »krylyatoy pyekhoty«" (Armour of "Winged infantry"). Tekhnika i Vooruzhenie no.02/2007, p. 39 (Russian)
  15. ^abBinnie, Jeremy; Gibson, Neil (8 April 2016)."US arms shipment to Syrian rebels detailed".Jane's Defence Weekly.IHS.Archivedfrom the original on 5 December 2016.Retrieved3 December2016.
  16. ^"ПТРК 9К111" ФАГОТ "".Btvt.narod.ru.Archivedfrom the original on 11 May 2012.Retrieved15 July2017.
  17. ^"Onlinedisk - ваше хранилище файлов".onlinedisk.ru.Archived fromthe originalon 24 March 2012.Retrieved14 January2022.
  18. ^9K111 FagotArchived2018-02-22 at theWayback Machine- Weaponsystems.net
  19. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzInternational Institute for Strategic Studies(15 February 2023).The Military Balance 2023(1st ed.). Routledge.ISBN978-1032508955.
  20. ^abcdef"Trade Registers".Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.Retrieved27 May2023.
  21. ^Small Arms Survey(2012)."Blue Skies and Dark Clouds: Kazakhstan and Small Arms".Small Arms Survey 2012: Moving Targets.Cambridge University Press.p. 131.ISBN978-0-521-19714-4.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 31 August 2018.Retrieved30 August2018.
  22. ^"North Korea has upgraded old anti-tank missile with laser guided system called Bulsae-3".Archivedfrom the original on 12 July 2018.Retrieved31 July2018.
  23. ^Stroea, Adrian (2008).165 ani de existență a artileriei române moderne(PDF)(in Romanian). Bucharest. p. 220. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 26 August 2011.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  24. ^V. Hogg, Ian (1988).Jane's infantry weapons 1988-89(14th ed.). London: Jane's Pub. Co.ISBN978-0710608574.
  25. ^abcdefInstitute for Strategic Studies(1989).The military balance, 1989-1990.London: Brassey's.ISBN978-0080375694.
  26. ^abInstitute for Strategic Studies(4 March 2011).The military balance, 2011.London: Routledge.ISBN978-1857436068.
  27. ^"Pirat coraz bliżej".Archivedfrom the original on 15 January 2018.Retrieved15 January2018.
  28. ^Jeffrey Lewis."Oryx Blog on DPRK Arms Exports".Archived fromthe originalon 29 December 2014.Retrieved29 December2014.
  29. ^"North Korea Says It Has a New Anti-Tank Missile".29 February 2016.Archivedfrom the original on 12 June 2018.Retrieved31 July2018.
  30. ^"Irak'ta hava savunma ve tanksavar füzeleri ele geçirildi".10 May 2021.

Sources

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  • Hull, A.W., Markov, D.R., Zaloga, S.J. (1998).Soviet/Russian Armor and Artillery Design Practices 1945 to Present.Darlington Productions.ISBN1-892848-01-5.
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