CNP / ACP nuclear reactors
The CNPGeneration II nuclear reactors(andGeneration IIIsuccessor ACP) were a series ofnuclear reactorsdeveloped byChina National Nuclear Corporation(CNNC), and are predecessors of the more currentHualong Onedesign.
CNP-300
[edit]The CNP-300 is apressurized water nuclear reactordeveloped by theChina National Nuclear Corporation(CNNC).
It is China's first domestic commercial nuclear reactor design, with development beginning in the 1970s based on a nuclear submarine reactor design.[1][2]
The reactor has a thermal capacity of 999 MW and a gross electrical capacity of 325 MW, with a net output of about 300 MWe and a single-loop design and.[3]
The first CNP-300 unit started operations inQinshan Nuclear Power Plantin 1991.[1]
The CNP-300 was the first Chinese nuclear reactor to be exported, with the installation of the first unit atChashma Nuclear Power PlantinPakistan.[4] The unit began operation in 2000. Another unit was completed in 2011 and two more units began operation in 2016 and 2017 at the same plant.
CNP-600
[edit]TheCNP-600is ageneration II reactorpressurized water nuclear reactordeveloped by theChina National Nuclear Corporation(CNNC).
It is based both on China's first commercial domestic nuclear reactor design, theCNP-300[2]and the M310 reactor design used inDaya Bay Nuclear Power Plant.[5][6]
The reactor has a capacity of 650 MW, a 2-loop design and 121 fuel assemblies. Other features include single containment, 40-year design life and a 12-month fuel cycle.
The first CNP-600 unit began operation atQinshan Nuclear Power Plantin 2002, with other 3 units coming online between 2004 and 2011. There have been built two further CNP-600 reactors atChang gian g Nuclear Power Plant,which went into regular operation in 2015 and 2016.
ACP-600
[edit]From the CNP-600, CNNC developed aGeneration IIIsuccessor named the ACP-600.
Similar to the CNP-600, the reactor will contain 121 fuel assemblies, but will be designed to operate on a longer 18-24 month fuel cycle. Other features include double containment, active and passive safety systems, improved response capability in the case of a station blackout event, digital instrumentation and control, and a 60-year design life.
No examples of this reactor type had been built.[7]
CNP-1000
[edit]CNNC's largest CNP development was a three-loop 1000 MW version of the design designated CNP-1000. Work on the project began in the 1990s with the help of vendors Westinghouse and Framatome (now AREVA).[7]
The first CNP-1000 units were due to be built at Fangjiashan (the same site as Qinshan). However, the design was subsequently changed toCGN's CPR-1000. Later, 4 units of the CNP-1000 were later built atFuqing NPP.Further work on the CNP-1000 was stopped in favour of the ACP-1000.[7]
ACP-1000
[edit]In 2013, CNNC announced that it had independently developed the ACP-1000, with Chinese authorities claiming full intellectual property rights over the design.
The reactor has a gross output of 1100MW, a 3-loop design and 177 fuel assemblies (12 ft active length), and is designed to operate on an 18-month refuelling cycle for economic competitiveness.[7]
As a result of the success of the Hualong One project, no ACP-1000 reactors have been built to date. CNNC had originally planned to use the ACP-1000 inFuqingreactor 5 and 6 but switched over to the Hualong One.[7]
Merger of ACP-1000 and ACPR-1000 into Hualong One
[edit]Since 2011,CNNChas been progressively merging itsACP-1000nuclear power station design[8]with theCGNACPR-1000design, while allowing some differences, under direction of the Chinese nuclear regulator. Both are three-loop designs originally based on the same French M310 design used inDaya Baywith 157 fuel assemblies, but went through different development processes (CNNC's ACP-1000 has a more domestic design with 177 fuel assemblies while CGN's ACPR-1000 is a closer copy with 157 fuel assemblies).[9]In early 2014, it was announced that the merged design was moving from preliminary design to detailed design. Power output will be 1150 MWe, with a 60-year design life, and would use a combination of passive and active safety systems with a double containment. CNNC's 177 fuel assembly design was retained.
Initially the merged design was to be called the ACC-1000,[10][11][12]but ultimately it was namedHualong One.In August 2014 the Chinese nuclear regulator review panel classified the design as aGeneration III reactordesign, with independently owned intellectual property rights.[13][14]As a result of the success of the merger, ACP-1000 and ACPR-1000 designs are no longer being offered.
See also
[edit]- CPR-1000- Reactor design by the other state owned companyChina General Nuclear(CGN)
- Hualong One- Successor of the ACP-1000
References
[edit]- ^ab"Chinese reactor design evolution - Nuclear Engineering International".neimagazine.Retrieved28 May2018.
- ^abBiello, David (29 March 2011)."China forges ahead with nuclear energy".Nature.doi:10.1038/news.2011.194.Retrieved28 May2018.
- ^"Status of Small and Medium Sized Reactor Designs"(PDF).International Atomic Energy Agency. September 2011.Retrieved28 May2018.
- ^"UxC: SMR Design Profile".uxc.Retrieved29 May2018.
- ^"China's commercial reactors"(PDF).Nuclear Engineering International.Retrieved29 May2018.
- ^(IAEA), International Atomic Energy Agency."- Nuclear Power - IAEA".iaea.org.Retrieved29 May2018.
- ^abcde"Chinese reactor design evolution - Nuclear Engineering International".
- ^Wang Yanjun; et al. (22 May 2013)."I&C application status in NPPs in China"(PDF).China Nuclear Power Engineering Co.Archived(PDF)from the original on 12 October 2013.Retrieved11 October2013.
- ^"Nuclear Power in China".World Nuclear Association. 24 September 2013.Archivedfrom the original on 3 November 2013.Retrieved30 September2013.
- ^"CGN Chairman He Yu Makes Proposal for Promoting Export of China-designed Nuclear Power Technology ACC1000".CGN. 6 March 2014. Archived fromthe originalon 8 April 2014.Retrieved7 April2014.
- ^"Nuclear Power in China".World Nuclear Association. April 2014.Archivedfrom the original on 3 November 2013.Retrieved7 April2014.
- ^Caroline Peachey (22 May 2014)."Chinese reactor design evolution".Nuclear Engineering International.Archivedfrom the original on 28 December 2019.Retrieved23 May2014.
- ^"China's new nuclear baby".World Nuclear News. 2 September 2014.Archivedfrom the original on 8 September 2019.Retrieved9 March2015.
- ^"Independent Gen-III Hualong-1 reactor technology passes national review".CGN. 22 August 2014. Archived fromthe originalon 2 April 2015.Retrieved9 March2015.