1317
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Year1317(MCCCXVII) was acommon year starting on Saturday(link will display the full calendar) of theJulian calendar.
Events
[edit]January – March
[edit]- January 9– The 23-year-oldPhilip the Tall,younger brother of the late KingLouis X of France,is hastily crownedKing of France,as King Philip V, atRheims.The only son of King Louis X had been born posthumously, but died after four days. Supporters of King Louis felt that his eldest daughter,Joan II of Navarre,should have been crowned as the monarch. Mass protests follow inArtois,ChampagneandBurgundy.The coronation of a brother, instead of the eldest daughter, as the successor to the throne sets the precedent for theSalic law,providing that the eldest male heir inherits the throne.[1][2]Philip V reorganizes the French army by extending the military obligations of the realm. Each town and castellany is responsible for providing a specified number of fully equipped troops – such as sergeants and infantry militias, while towns in economically advanced areas likeFlandersbecome a major source of men and money. At the same time, thearriére ban(military recruitment) is generally commuted in favour for taxation.[3]
- February 1–Manuel PessanhaofGenoais appointed as the first ChiefAdmiral of Portugal(Almirante-mor) byKing Denis,and charged with organizing a permanent navy for the kingdom, with 20 warships and hiring Genoese captains to recruit sailors. The organization of thePortuguese Royal Navyis completed by December 12.
- February 16– (10th day of 1st month of 6Shōwa) An earthquake of estimated 7.0 magnitude strikesKyoto.On February 22, an aftershock of 6.0 magnitude follows the first quake.
- March 15–Pope John XXIIadmonishes KingFrederick III of Sicilyto take severe measures against theFraticelli,the Spiritual Franciscans who have broken with the Roman Catholic Church doctrine.
- March 17– In Germany,Waldemar the Greatbecomes the sole ruler of the reunitedMargraviate of Brandenburgupon the death of his cousin,John V, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel.Waldemar had been the Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal since 1308.
- March 23– In France,Hugues Géraud,the Roman Catholic Bishop ofCahors,is arrested along with plotting to assassinate Pope John XXII (with poisoned bread) and to use evil magic against him and two of his advisors,Bertrand du PougetandGaucelme de Jean.Following a trial, Géraud is convicted of witchcraft and sacrilege, and executed on August 30.
- March 31–Pope John XXIIclaims imperial rights of government inItalyfor the papacy. He erects the dioceses ofLuçon,Maillezais,andTulleand issues thedecretalSpondent Pariterprohibitingalchemy.[4]
April – June
[edit]- April 7–Louis of Toulouseis canonized as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church by Pope John XXII.
- April 11– InItaly'sRepublic of Massa,coinage is resumed by arrangement of the Republic and of the Benzi family.[5]
- April 27– John XXII orders theSpiritual Franciscans,including the French priestBernard Délicieux,to come toAvignonand answer for their disobedience.[6]Upon arrival, Délicieux is arrested and interrogated.[7]
- May 13–King Edward IIrestores the dower lands that had been surrendered byMargaret de Clare,widow ofPiers Gaveston.[8]
- May 22– Pursuant to the papal order of April 27, the first of the Spiritual Franciscans (Fraticelli) appear before Pope John XXII to be confronted over their disobedience.[9]
- June 13– CardinalJacques de Via,Bishop of Avignon and nephew of Pope John XXII, is found dead. A court will conclude on August 30 that de Via was murdered bywitchcraft.
- June 23–Thawun Gyi,Burmesemonarchof the principality ofToungoo,is assassinated by his younger brother,Thawun Nge,who takes his place.
July – September
[edit]- July 5– Mongol PrinceAbu Sa'id Bahadur Khanbecomes the ruler of theIlkhanate,the Mongol-controlled area of the Middle East.[10]
- July 22–Alexander de Bicknoris consecrated by the Pope as theArchbishop of Dublin.
- August 21–Hugues Géraud,the Catholic Bishop of Cahors who is implicated in a plot to assassinatePope John XXII,is personally questioned by the Pope. Géraud is convicted on August 30 of witchcraft, sacrilege and the June 13 murder of CardinalJacques de Via,and is burned at the stake as punishment.
- September 1– NearRushyfordin County Durham, English knightGilbert Middletonbegins a rebellion against King Edward II. Middleton attacks and takes hostage the newly elected Bishop of Durham,Louis de Beaumont,Louis' brotherHenry de Beaumont,and two cardinals,Gauscelin de JeanandLuca Fieschi.The cardinals are set free, while the Beaumonts are imprisoned atMitford Castlefor the next seven weeks.[11]
October – December
[edit]- October 7– Pope John XXII issues the bullQuorundam exigit,imposing a more lenient treatment of supporters of the Franciscan cause of "unconditional poverty".[6]
- October 17– SirGilbert Middletonreleases the Bishop of Durham,Louis de Beaumont,and the bishop's brother Henry after being paid a ransom of 500 marks (2,000 troy ounces) of silver.[11]
- November 9–William II,son of KingFrederick III of Sicily,becomes the newDuke of Athensupon the death of his older brother,Manfred of Sicily.
- November 13–Yahballaha III,Patriarch of theChurch of the Eastin Byzantium, dies after serving 26 years as leader of the Eastern Orthodox Church.Timothy II of Seleucia-Ctesiphonwill be elected to succeed him.
- November 25–Treaty of Templin:After ending the war between theMargraviate of BrandenburgandDenmark,Brandenburg is forced to negotiate a truce. KingEric VI,his ally DukeHenry the LionandWaldemar the Greatsign a peace treaty inTemplin.Brandenburg agrees to transferBurg StargardandArnsbergcastle toMecklenburg.They also surrender the territories ofSchlawe-Stolp,located on theBaltic coast,toPomerania.[12][13]
- December 11– KingBirger Magnussonhas his brothers, DukesEric MagnussonandValdemar Magnusson,captured and thrown into a dungeon during theNyköping Banquet– as a revenge for their imprisonment of him in theHåtuna games(see1306). As the brothers soon starve to death in the dungeon, their followers rebel against Birger, throwingSwedeninto civil war.
- December 12– ThePortuguese Royal Navy,with 20 warships, is created by order ofKing Denis.The Navy has 20 armedgalleysas warships, under the command of AdmiralManuel Pessanhaand will celebrate its 700th anniversary in 2017 as theoldest continuously serving navy in the world.
Date unknown
[edit]- A Hungarian document mentions for the first timeBasarab Ias leader ofWallachia(historians estimate he was on the throne since about1310). Basarab will become the firstvoivodeof Wallachia as an independent state, and founder of theHouse of Basarab(until1352).[14]
- TheGreat Famine of 1315–1317comes to an end. Crop harvests return to normal – but it will be another five years before food supplies are completely replenished inNorthern Europe.Simultaneously, the people are so weakened by diseases such aspneumonia,bronchitis,andtuberculosis.Historians debate the toll, but it is estimated that 10–25% of the population of many cities and towns dies.[15]
Births
[edit]- March 21–Isabel de Verdun,English noblewoman (House of Clare) (d.1349)
- date unknown
- Blanche of Valois,queen consort ofGermanyandBohemia(d.1348)
- Euphemia of Sweden,Swedish noblewoman and princess (d.1370)
- Coloman,Hungariannobleman,prince,prelateand bishop (d.1375)
- Godfrey de Foljambe,English nobleman andChief Justice(d.1376)
- Ichijō Tsunemichi,Japanese nobleman (kugyō) and regent (d.1365)
- John II,Sicilian nobleman and prince (House of Barcelona) (d. 1348)
- Michael Szécsényi,Hungarian nobleman, cleric and bishop (d.1377)
- Ralph de Spigurnell,English nobleman, knight and admiral (d.1373)
- Vuk Kosača,Bosnian nobleman (knyaz),magnateand ruler (d.1359)
Deaths
[edit]- February 6–Brinolfo Algotsson,Swedish bishop and theologian (b.1240)
- February 7–Robert de Clermont,French nobleman and prince (b.1256)
- February 11–Ralph Fitzwilliam,English nobleman and knight (b. 1256)
- April 6–Guy IV,French nobleman andGrand Butler(House of Châtillon)
- April 19–Nitchō,JapaneseBuddhistmonk, cleric and scholar (b.1252)
- April 20–Agnes of Montepulciano,Italian prioress and saint (b.1268)[16]
- May 23–Guy of Avesnes,French bishop (House of Avesnes) (b.1253)
- June 23–Thawun Gyi,Burmese founder and ruler ofToungoo(b.1258)
- June 25–Henry of Harclay,English philosopher andchancellor(b.1270)
- August 14–Bernard de Castanet,French diplomat and bishop (b. 1240)
- September 21–Viola of Teschen,queen consort of Bohemia andPoland
- October 8–Fushimi,Japanese emperor and calligrapher (b.1265)[17][18]
- October 26–Alice of Hainault,French noblewoman (House of Avesnes)
- November 9–Manfred of Sicily,Sicilian nobleman and prince (b.1306)
- November 13–Yahballaha III,Turkic patriarch of theChurch of the East
- November 28–Yishan Yining,Chinese monk and calligrapher (b.1247)
- December 15–Maria of Bytom,queen consort ofHungaryandCroatia
- December 24–Jean de Joinville,French historian and writer (b.1224)
- date unknown
- Dujam II,Croatian nobleman andoligarch(House of Frankopan)
- Gerard of Bologna,ItalianCarmelitetheologian and philosopher
- Guillemette of Neufchâtel,Swiss noblewoman (suo jure) (b.1260)
- Irene Violante of Montferrat,Byzantine empress consort (b.1274)
- John I Orsini,Latin nobleman, knight and ruler (House of Orsini)
- John the Illustrious,German nobleman and knight (b.1302)
- Malise III of Strathearn,Scottish nobleman and politician (b.1257)
- Parsoma( "the Naked" ), Egyptian Coptichermitand saint (b. 1257)
- Ram Khamhaeng the Great,Tai ruler ofSukhothai(b.1239)
- Robert of Burgundy,French nobleman and knight (b.1300)
- Roger Brabazon,English lawyer and Chief Justice (b. 1247)
- Stephen de Dunnideer,English bishop-elect
- Tolberto III,Italian nobleman (House of Caminesi) (b.1263)
- Wolfert II van Borselen,Dutch nobleman and knight (b.1280)
References
[edit]- ^Jordan, William Chester (2005).Unceasing Strife, Unending Fear: Jacques de Therines and the Freedom of the Church in the Age of the Last Capetians,p. 69. Princeton University Press.
- ^Wagner, John. A. (2006).Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War,p. 250. Westport: Greenwood Press.
- ^David Nicolle (2000). Osprey:Crécy 1346 – Triumph of the Longbow,p. 22.ISBN1-85532-966-2.
- ^Hywel Williams (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History,p. 157.ISBN0-304-35730-8.
- ^"La moneta coniata a Massa Marittima".Archived fromthe originalon 9 March 2019.Retrieved2 October2018.
- ^abTomasz Gałuszka and Pawel Kras,The Beguines of Medieval Świdnica: The Interrogation of the Daughters of Odelindis(York Medieval Press, 2023) p.45, citing "Arnau de Vilanova and the Franciscan Spirtiuals in Sicily", by C. R. Backman,Franciscan Studies50 (1990), pp.3-29
- ^O'Shea, Stephen (2011).The Friar of Carcassonne,p. 184. Vancouver, BC, Canada: Douglas & McIntyre.ISBN978-1-55365-551-0.
- ^G. E. Cokayne, ed.,The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom: Eardley to Spalding to Goojerat(St. Catherine Press, 1926) p.715
- ^N. R. Havely,Dante and the Franciscans: Poverty and the Papacy in the 'Commedia(Cambridge University Press, 2004) pp.164-165
- ^Julian Raby and Teresa Fitzherbert,The Court of the Il-Khans, 1290-1340(University of Oxford, 1996) p.201
- ^ab"Middleton, Sir Gilbert", by Michael Prestwich, inOxford Dictionary of National Biography(Oxford University Press, 2004)
- ^Wolf-Dieter Mohrmann (1972).Der Landfriede im Ostseeraum während des späten Mittelalters,p. 95. Lassleben.ISBN3-7847-4002-2.
- ^Siegfried Schwanz (2002).Kleinzerlang 1752–2002,p. 15. Edition Rieger.ISBN3-935231-25-3.
- ^Djuvara, Neagu (2014).A Brief Illustrated History of Romanians,p. 74. Humanitas.ISBN978-973-50-4334-6.
- ^Ruiz, Teofilo F. "Medieval Europe: Crisis and Renewal".An Age of Crisis: Hunger.The Teaching Company.ISBN1-56585-710-0.
- ^Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John (1993).The Penguin Dictionary of Saints.3rd edition. New York: Penguin Books.ISBN0-14-051312-4.
- ^Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon (1959).The Imperial House of Japan,p. 422. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society.OCLC194887.
- ^Varley, H. Paul (1980).Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns,p. 241. New York: Columbia University Press.ISBN978-0-231-04940-5.