1356
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| 1356 in poetry |
Year1356(MCCCLVI) was aleap year starting on Friday(link will display the full calendar) of theJulian calendar.
Events
[edit]January–December
[edit]- January 20–Edward Balliolsurrenders his title as King of Scotland, toEdward III of England.[1]
- ca.February–Burnt Candlemas:Edward III of Englandburns down every town and village inLothian,Scotland.
- June 17– The city ofLwówis grantedMagdeburg rightsbyCasimir III of Poland.The advantages of the rights were not only economic, but also political.[2]
- September 19–Hundred Years' War–Battle of Poitiers:The English, commanded byEdward, the Black Prince,defeat the French. The greatly outnumbered English forces not only rout the French, but capture the French kingJohn II of Franceand his youngest son, the futurePhilip II of Burgundy.[3]
- October 17–Erik XIIproclaims himself king of Sweden, in opposition to his father, KingMagnus IV.Thus begins a civil war in Sweden between father and son, which will last until Erik's death in1359.[4]
- October 18(St Luke's Day) – TheBasel earthquakeaffects northernSwitzerland,with a maximumMSKintensity of IX–X (Destructive–Devastating), leaving around 1,000 dead. It is the most damaging intraplate earthquake known to have occurred in central Europe.[5]
- December 25–Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor,promulgates theGolden Bull,aconstitutionforhis empire.[6]
Date unknown
[edit]- TheHanseatic League,a trading alliance between many cities in northern Europe, first meets.
- Sweden's first guild privileges (for tailors) are issued inStockholm.[7]
- Ghazan II replacesAnushirwanas ruler of theIlkhanateinPersia.
- Zhu Yuanzhang,one of the leaders in theRed Turban Rebellion,captures the city ofNanjingfrom theMongol-ledYuan dynastyin China; from then on it becomes his base of power, and the capital of a new dynasty he would establish in1368,theMing dynasty.[8]
- The majority of theGreat Pyramid of Giza's limestone casing stones are removed byBahri SultanAn-Nasir Hasan,to buildfortressesandmosquesin the nearby city ofCairo,leaving the first of theSeven Wonders of the Ancient Worldin the step-stone condition in which it remains into modern times.
- TheCastelvecchio BridgeinVeronais probably completed this year; its main span of 48.7 m (160 ft) is the world's longest arch at this time.
Births
[edit]- July 29–Martin of Aragon(d.1410)
- date unknown
- Ingegerd Knutsdotter,Swedish abbess (d.1412)
- Robert IV of Artois, Count of Eu(d.1387)
Deaths
[edit]- June 23–Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut(b.1311)
- September 19(killed at the Battle of Poitiers):
- Peter I, Duke of Bourbon(b.1311)
- Walter VI, Count of Brienne,Constable of France (b.1304)
- date unknown
- Harihara I,founder of theVijayanagara Empire
- Zheng Yunduan,Chinese poet (b. c.1327)
Footnotes
[edit]- ^Hammond, Matthew (2019). "The Acts of Edward Balliol, king of Scots (1332–56)". The community of the realm in Scotland, 1249–1424. Retrieved June 15 2023.
- ^Oskar Halecki; W: F. Reddaway; J. H. Penson. The Law of Magdeburg used in Poland. The Cambridge History of Poland. CUP (Cambridge University Press) Archive. pp. 133–136.ISBN1-001-28802-5.Retrieved June 16, 2023.
- ^McKisack 1959, p. 139.
- ^"Erik Magnusson". Svenskt biografiskt lexikon. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
- ^1356 Basel Earthquake: A 650-Year Retrospective "(PDF). Risk Management Solutions. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 February 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2023. The most damaging intraplate earthquake known to have occurred in central Europe.
- ^Luxembourg, Charles IV (2 November 2019). The Golden Bull of 1356 AD.ISBN978-1-9870-2740-2
- ^Lindström, Dag. 1991. Skrå, stad och stat. Stockholm, Malmö och Bergen ca 1350-1622. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis: Uppsala.
- ^Ebrey (1999), 191.
References
[edit]- Ebrey, Patricia Buckley, 1947-. - The Cambridge illustrated history of China / Patricia Buckley Ebrey.. - 2023 - Third edition.. -ISBN978-1-009-15142-9
- Hammond, Matthew (2019). "The Acts of Edward Balliol, king of Scots (1332–56)". The community of the realm in Scotland, 1249–1424. Retrieved June 15 2023.
- McKisack, May (31 December 1959). The Fourteenth Century 1307–1399. Oxford History of England. Vol. 5. Oxford: Clarendon Press.ISBN978-0-19-821712-1OL26141653M.
- (Swedish) Svenskt biografiskt lexikon [Elektronisk resurs] SBL. (2012-). Stockholm: Svenskt biografiskt lexikon
Tillgänglig på Internet:Svenskt Biografiskt Lexikon