1605
(Redirected fromAD 1605)
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1605 by topic |
|---|
| Arts and science |
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births–Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments–Disestablishments |
| Works category |
1605(MDCV) was acommon year starting on Saturdayof theGregorian calendarand acommon year starting on Tuesdayof theJulian calendar,the 1605th year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 605th year of the2nd millennium,the 5th year of the17th century,and the 6th year of the1600sdecade. As of the start of 1605, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Events
[edit]January–March
[edit]- January 1–William Shakespeare's play,A Midsummer Night's Dream,copyrighted 1600, is given its earliest recorded performance, and witnessed by theViscount Dorchester.[2]
- January 7– Shakespeare's play,Henry V,copyrighted 1600, is given its earliest recorded performance, presented by the Lord Chamberlain's Men forKing James I of England.[3]
- January 16– The first part ofMiguel de Cervantes' satire on the theme ofchivalry,Don Quixote(El ingenioso hidalgo don Quixote de la Mancha,"The IngeniousHidalgoDon Quixote ofLa Mancha"), is published inMadrid.One of the first significantnovelsin the western literary tradition, it becomes a global bestseller almost at once.[4]
- January 15– Shakespeare's play,Love's Labour's Lost,copyrighted 1598, is given its earliest recorded performance, presented at the home of theEarl of SouthamptonforQueen Anne,wife of King James I of England.[5]
- February 3– Anestimated 7.9 magnitude earthquakestrikesJapansouth of the island ofHonshu,and triggers atsunamithat washes away hundreds of houses and kills thousands of people.
- February 10– Shakespeare's playThe Merchant of Veniceis given its earliest recorded performance, presented by the King's Men Players at thePalace of Whitehallfor King James I of England. A second performance is given on February 12, Shrove Tuesday, at the King's request.[6]
- February 21–Stephen Bocskaiis electedPrince of Transylvaniaat the capital,Belugrad(now Alba Iulia inRomania.
- February 25– AdmiralSteven van der Hagenleads a fleet of ships for theDutch East India Companyand makes the first capture of land for the Netherlands in what will become the Dutch East Indies, and later Indonesia. Hagen's men capture the Portuguese citadel ofForte Amboinoand the rest ofAmbon Island,and make it the capital of the Dutch possessions in Asia.
- March 11– A proclamation declares all people of Ireland to be the direct subjects of theBritish Crownand not of any local lord or chief.[7]
- March 3–Pope Clement VIIIdies at the age of 69 after a reign of 13 years, prompting the assembling of cardinals to elect as successor.
- March 14– TheRoman Catholic cardinals' conclave to elect a successortoPope Clement VIIIopens in the Vatican atRome,11 days after Clement's death. Sixty-one of the 69cardinalsmeet behind closed doors for the rest of the month.
April–June
[edit]- April 1– Cardinal Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici, theBishop of Pistoia,is elected by the assembled 61 cardinals at the heatedPapal conclaveafter 17 days of balloting. He takes the regnal name ofPope Leo XIto become the 232nd pope, but serves for less than four weeks.[8]
- April 8– The city ofOulu(Swedish:Uleåborg) is founded by KingCharles IX of Sweden.[9]
- April 13– TsarBoris Godunovdies;Feodor IIaccedes to theRussianthrone.
- April 16
- Tokugawa Ieyasuabdicates asshogunofJapan,becomingOgosho(retired shogun). His sonTokugawa Hidetadasucceeds him to the office.[10]
- In England,John Winthrop,later governor of the futureMassachusetts Bay Colony,marries his first wife (of 4), Mary Forth, daughter of John Forth, ofGreat Stambridge,Essex.
- April 27– Pope Leo XI dies suddenly from a cold at the age of 69, after a reign of only 26 days, prompting the return of the cardinals forthe second papal conclave in less than two months.During his brief reign, the Pope issued a bull requiring secret balloting in papal conclaves.
- May 8– A group of 59 Roman Catholic cardinals assemble at Rome for anotherpapal conclaveto elect a successor to Pope Leo XI. During the meeting, a fistfight breaks out among the cardinals over the two rival candidates,Antonio SauliandDomenico Toschi,neither of whom receive the necessary 40 votes for a two-thirds election. In the fight, CardinalAlfonso Viscontisustains several fractures.[11]
- May 16– Camillo Borghese, Cardinal Vicar of Rome and cardinal-priest ofSant'Eusebiois elected the 233rd pope, and takes the name ofPope Paul V.Another "Year of Three Popes"will not occur until 373 years later, in 1978. Borghese is elected as a compromise candidate after the physical disagreements during the conclave.[12]
- June 1– Russian troops in Moscow imprisonFeodor IIand his mother, later executing them.
- June 20– PretenderDmitriyand his supporters, including troops of thePolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth,march to Moscow.[13]
July–September
[edit]- July 4– A proclamation commands allRoman Catholicseminarypriests andJesuitsto leave Ireland by December 10 and directs the laity to attendChurch of Irelandservices.[7]
- July 13– A7.5 earthquakestrikesChina'sHainan Provincecausing widespread damage and thousands of deaths.
- July 21– Claiming to be Dmitriy, son of Ivan the Terrible, a pretender is officially crownedTsarDimitriy Ioannovichof Russia in Moscow byPatriarch Ignatius.
- August 14– A Spanish attack on the Moorish fortress ofHammamet,inOttoman Tunisia,ends in a disaster for the Spaniards. Although Spanish troops had managed to scale the walls and open the gates, they are suddenly ordered to retreat and are massacred while waiting on the coast for the return of the ships that brought them.
- August 19–Eighty Years' War:Thesiege of the Dutch city of Lingen,by 13,000 Spanish troops and 3,000 cavalry, ends with the surrender of Captain Maerten Cobben after nine days of defense. Although the Dutch Republic's stadtholder,Maurice, Prince of Orange,had proclaimed that Lingen must be held at all costs, Dutch troops failed to come to Cobben's aid and DonAmbrogio Spinolaof Spain peacefully takes control of the city.[14]
- September 27–Swedisharmies are decisively defeated byPolish–Lithuanian Commonwealthcavalry in theBattle of Kircholm.
October–December
[edit]- October 27– The 3rdMughal Emperor,Akbar"the Great", dies ofdysenteryatFatehpur Sikriin India.
- October 28–Eighty Years' War:Spanishtroops underAmbrogio Spinola, 1st Marquess of Los Balbases,Captain-General of theArmy of Flanders(newly appointed a Knight of theOrder of the Golden Fleece), occupyWachtendonkafter a 20-day siege.
- October
- The first issue ofRelation aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen HistorienbyJohann CarolusinStrasbourg(Holy Roman Empire), generally regarded as the world's firstnewspaper,is published.[15]De Nieuwe Tijdinghen,a Dutch proto-newspaper, is also published this year.
- Francis Bacon'sOf the Proficience and Advancement of Learning, Divine and Humanis published in London.
- November 3–Jahangir,the fourth Mughal Emperor, begins his 22-year reign over theMughal Empirein northern India.
- November 5(O.S.) – TheGunpowder Plot,a scheme to bomb England'sPalace of Westminsterduring the opening of Parliament, is foiled after SirThomas Knyvetis tipped off, and finds Catholic plotterGuy Fawkesin a cellar below the Parliament building. Knyvet orders a search of the area and 36 barrels ofgunpowderare found. Fawkes is arrested for trying to assassinateKing James Iand the members who had been scheduled to sit together in Parliament the next day.[16]
- November 6– The Iranian Safavid rulerAbbas the Greatleads the Persian troops to a victory over a larger force of Ottoman Empire troops in theBattle of Sufiyan,and capturesTabriz.[17]
- December 6– In EnglandThomas Bonhampetitions to become a member of the College of Physicians in order for his practice to be legal, and is rejected. Dr. Bonham continues to practice, and is eventually imprisoned on November 13, 1606, leading to the landmark decision inDr. Bonham's Casein 1610.
- December 11–King Sigismund IIIofPolandmarries his former sister-in-law,Constance,daughter ofCharles II, Archduke of Austria,afterRudolf II, Holy Roman Emperorrefuses to permit the King to marryAnna of Tyrol.King Sigismund, a widow, had previously been married to Constance's older sister,Anne.
- December 21– On behalf of Spain, Portuguese navigatorPedro Fernandes de Queirósbegins his expedition to the South Pacific Ocean with 160 men on three ships. Queiros departs fromCallaoin theViceroyalty of Peruwith his flagship,San Pedro y San Pablo,andSan PedroandLos Tres Reyes.
Date unknown
[edit]- Habitation at Port-Royalestablished by France underPierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons,the first European colonization ofNova Scotiain North America (at this time part ofAcadia); theGregorian calendaris adopted.
- Crew of theOlivebecome the first English visitors toBarbados.
- Refugee FrenchHuguenotmerchants begin to settle inDublinandWaterford.[18]
- The Priory of St. Gregory's is founded atDouai,Flanders,at this time in theSpanish Netherlands,by its firstprior,John Roberts,and other exiles, thus becoming the first EnglishBenedictinehouse to renew conventual life after theEnglish Reformation.More than two centuries later the community will establishDownside Abbeyback in England.
- TheIrish College in Parisis co-founded by John Lee, an Irish priest, and John de l'Escalopier, President of theParlement.
- Central Mexico's Amerindian population reaches one million.
Births
[edit]
January–March
[edit]- January 16–Shahryar,fifth and youngest son of theMughal EmperorJahangir(d.1628)
- January 17–Anthony Irby,English politician (d.1682)
- February 1–Isaac Aboab da Fonseca,Portuguese Sephardic rabbi (d.1693)
- February 17–Luca Ferrari,Italian painter (d.1654)
- February 18
- Juan de Almoguera,Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Lima (1673–1676) and Bishop of Arequipa (1659–1673) (d.1676)
- Abraham Ecchellensis,Lebanese Maronite philosopher (d.1664)
- February 20–Sir John Lowther, 1st Baronet, of Lowther,English politician (d.1675)
- March 1–James Wriothesley, Lord Wriothesley,English politician (d.1624)
- March 2–René Menard,Canadian explorer (d.1661)
- March 3–George Horner,English politician (d.1677)
- March 14–Francis Davies,Welsh bishop (d.1675)[19]
- March 17–George II, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt(1626–1661) (d.1661)
April–June
[edit]- April 8
- KingPhilip IV of Spain(d.1665)[20]
- Mary Stuart,English-Scottish princess (d.1607)
- April 18–Giacomo Carissimi,Italian composer (d.1674)
- April 19–Orazio Benevoli,Italian composer (d.1672)
- April 30–Peder Winstrup,Bishop of Lund (d.1679)
- May 7–Patriarch Nikon of Moscow,Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church (d.1681)
- May 16–Federico Ubaldo della Rovere, Duke of Urbino,Italian noble (d.1623)
- May 29–Hendrick van Anthonissen,Dutch painter (d.1656)
- June 15–Thomas Randolph,English poet and dramatist (d.1635)
- June 22–Andrea Bolgi,Italian sculptor (d.1656)
July–September
[edit]- July 6–Ulrich II, Count of East Frisia,ruler of East Frisia in the later years of the Thirty Years' War (d.1648)
- July 25–Theodore Haak,German scholar (d.1690)
- July 29–Simon Dach,Prussian German lyrical poet and writer of hymns (d.1659)
- August 6
- Johann Philipp von Schönborn,Archbishop-Elector of Mainz (1647– (d.1673)
- Bulstrode Whitelocke,English lawyer (d.1675)
- August 8–Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore,first Proprietor and Proprietary Governor of the Province of Maryland (d.1675)
- August 18–Henry Hammond,English churchman (d.1660)
- August 25–Philipp Moritz, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg,German noble (d.1638)
- August 30–Felice Ficherelli,Italian painter (d.1660)
- August 31–Nicolas Talon,French Jesuit (d.1691)
- September 1–Michele Mazzarino,Italian Catholic cardinal (d.1648)
- September 8–Cornelis Jan Witsen,Mayor of Amsterdam (d.1669)
- September 12–William Dugdale,English antiquary and herald (d.1686)
- September 14–Brynjólfur Sveinsson,Icelandic bishop and scholar (d.1675)
- September 17–Francesco Sacrati,Italian composer (d.1650)
- September 24–Antoine Godeau,French bishop and poet (d.1672)
- September 28–Ismaël Bullialdus,French astronomer (d.1694)
October–December
[edit]- October 15–Marie de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier,French princess (d.1627)
- October 16–Charles Coypeau d'Assoucy,French writer and composer (d.1677)
- October 19– SirThomas Browne,English physician and philosopher (d.1682)
- October 22–Frédéric Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne,prince of the independentprincipality of Sedan(d.1652)
- November 3–John Henderson, 5th of Fordell,Scottish noble (d.1650)
- November 4–William Habington,English poet (d.1654)
- November 5–Thomas Shepard,American Puritan minister and a significant figure in early colonial New England (d.1649)
- December 1–Roger Hill,English politician (d.1667)
- December 8–François Vavasseur,French writer (d.1681)
- December 16–Jerome Weston, 2nd Earl of Portland,English diplomat and landowner (d.1663)
- December 23–Tianqi Emperor,Ming emperor of China (d.1627)
- December 25–Francis Godolphin,English politician (d.1667)
Date unknown
[edit]- William Berkeley,English governor of Virginia (d.1677)
- Adriaen Brouwer,Flemish painter (d.1638)
- Aleksander Dominik Kazanowski,Polish nobleman (d.1648)
- Alexandra Mavrokordatou,Greek intellectual and salonist (d.1684)
- Afanasy Ordin-Nashchokin,Russian statesman (d.1680)
- Jean-Baptiste Tavernier,French traveller and pioneer of trade with India (d.1689)
- Constantia Zierenberg,German-Polish singer (d.1653)
- Thomas Hastings,American politician (d.1685)
- Johann Rudolf Stadler,Swiss clock-maker (d.16 October1637)[21]
- Ayşe Sultanand/orGevherhan Sultan,Ottoman princesses, daughters of Ahmed I
Approximate date
[edit]- Semyon Dezhnev,Pomor navigator (d.1672)
- John Gauden,English bishop and writer (d.1662)
- William Goffe,English parliamentarian and regicide (d.1679)
- Thomas Nabbes,English dramatist (d. c.1645)
- Francis Willoughby, 5th Baron Willoughby of Parham,English noble (d.1666)
Deaths
[edit]
January–March
[edit]- January 16–Eitel Friedrich IV, Count of Hohenzollern(b.1545)
- February 5–Edward Stafford,English diplomat (b.1552)
- February 15–Maria of Hanau-Münzenberg,German noblewoman (b.1562)
- February 19–Orazio Vecchi,Italian composer (b.1550)
- February 24–Girolamo Simoncelli,Italian Catholic cardinal (b.1522)
- February 26–George III, Count of Erbach-Breuberg(1564–1605) (b.1548)
- March 5–Pope Clement VIII(b.1536)[22]
- March 12– KingAlexander II of Kakheti(b.1527)
- March 17–Pieter Bast,Dutch cartographer, engraver and draftsman (b.1550)
April–June
[edit]- April 5–Adam Loftus,English Catholic archbishop (b. c.1533)
- April 6–John Stow,English historian and antiquarian (b.1525)
- April 10–Albrecht VII, Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt(b.1537)
- April 13–Boris Godunov,Tsar of Russia(b.1551)[23]
- April 14–Francis Cherry,English diplomat (b.1552)
- April 25–Naresuan,Siamese King ofAyutthaya kingdom(b. c.1555)
- April 27–Pope Leo XI(b.1535)[24]
- May 4–Ulisse Aldrovandi,Italian naturalist (b.1522)
- May 10–Casimir VI, Duke of Pomerania,Lutheran Administrator of Cammin Prince-Bishopric (b.1557)
- June 3–Jan Zamoyski,Polish nobleman (b.1542)[25]
- June 9–John Louis II, Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein(1596–1605) (b.1596)
- June 20– TsarFeodor II of Russia(b.1589)[13]
July–September
[edit]- July 2–Louis I, Count of Sayn-Wittgenstein(1588–1605) (b.1532)
- July 18–Johann II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar,German duke (b.1570)
- July 26– Rev. Fr.Miguel de Benavides,O.P., Spanish clergyman and sinologist (b.1552)
- August 2–Richard Leveson,English admiral (b. c.1570)
- August 4–Charles I, Duke of Elbeuf,French duke and nobleman (b.1556)
- September 9–Heinrich Khunrath,German physician (b.1560)
- September 11–Sir Thomas Tresham,English politician (b.1550)
- September 14–Jan Tarnowski,Archbishop of Kraków (b.1550)
- September 19–Edward Lewknor,English politician (b.1542)
- September 23–Pontus de Tyard,French poet (b. c.1521)
- September 24–Manuel Mendes,Portuguese composer (b.1547)
October–December
[edit]- October 13–Theodore Beza,French theologian (b.1519)
- October 18–Beate Clausdatter Bille,Danish noblewoman (b.1526)
- October 22– KingConstantine I of Kakheti(b.1567)
- October 27–Akbar The Great,Mughal emperor(b.1542)
- October 30–George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland,English noble (b.1558)
- October 31–Dorothy Bray, Baroness Chandos,English noble (b.1524)
- November 5–Nyaungyan Min,Burmese king (b.1555)
- November 8–Robert Catesby,English conspirator (b.1573)
- November 9–Handan Sultan,Valide Sultan,mother ofAhmed IofOttoman Empire(b.1568)
- November 12–Jan Tomasz Drohojowski,Polish noble (b.1535)
- November 14–Anna Maria of Anhalt,German noblewoman (b.1561)
- December –Francis Tresham,English conspirator (b.1567)
- December 3–Guy XX de Laval,French noble (b.1585)
- December 6–Murai Nagayori,Japanese samurai (b.1543)
- December 25–Marino Grimani,Doge of Venice (b.1532)
- December 29–John Davis,English explorer (b.1550)
Date unknown
[edit]- Marek Sobieski,Polish nobleman (b.1549)
References
[edit]- ^Historic England."The Red Hall (Grade II) (1259132)".National Heritage List for England.RetrievedApril 6,2013.
- ^A Midsummer Night's Dream,ed. by R. A. Foakes (Cambridge University Press, 1984) p. 12
- ^Henry V,The Oxford Shakespeare,ed. by Gary Taylor (Oxford University Press, 1982) p. 9
- ^R. M. Flores (1982).Sancho Panza Through Three Hundred Seventy-five Years of Continuations, Imitations, and Criticism, 1605-1980.Juan de la Cuesta. p. 1.ISBN978-0-936388-06-9.
- ^Love's Labour's Lost,inThe New Cambridge Shakespeare,ed. by William C. Carroll (Cambridge University Press, 2009) pp. 37–38
- ^TheMerchant of VeniceinThe Arden Shakespeare, Third Series,ed. by John Drakakis (Bloomsbury, 2010) p. 113
- ^abMoody, T. W.; et al., eds. (1989).A New History of Ireland.8:A Chronology of Irish History.Oxford University Press.ISBN978-0-19-821744-2.
- ^Recusant History.Catholic Record Society. 1964. p. 79.
- ^Torilla tavataan! Oulun rikas kulttuuritarjonta hellii matkailijaa, sillä tapahtumia ja festivaaleja on tarjolla läpi vuoden–Seura(in Finnish)
- ^"Cases of Tensho, Bunroku, and Keicho periods, the appointment of samurai families and the granting of the Toyotomi surname", by Kohei Murakawa,Komazawa Shigaku(2013) pp. 112-129
- ^Frederic J. Baumgartner,Behind Locked Doors: A History of the Papal Elections(Palgrave Macmillan, 2003) p. 141
- ^Tyler Lansford (17 July 2009).The Latin Inscriptions of Rome: A Walking Guide.JHU Press. p. 513.ISBN978-0-8018-9149-6.
- ^abPolitical History and Culture of Russia.Nova Science Publishers. 2001. p. 237.
- ^Olaf Van Nimwegen,The Dutch Army and the Military Revolutions 1588-1688(The Boydell Press, 2010) p. 191
- ^Timeline of History.DK Publishing. 2011. p. 203.ISBN978-0-7566-8681-9.
- ^Christopher Culpin (1997).Crime and Punishment Through Time: A Study in Development in Crime, Punishment and Protest for SHP and Other GCSE Syllabuses.Collins Educational. p. 45.ISBN978-0-00-327321-2.
- ^Shah Abbas: The Ruthless King Who Became an Iranian Legend(I.B. Tauris & Co., 2009) p. 81
- ^"Huguenot Timeline".Genealogy Forum.Armada, Michigan. January 2006. Archived fromthe originalon January 17, 2012.RetrievedNovember 19,2013.
- ^Roberts, Stephen K (January 2008)."Davies, Francis (1605–1675), bishop of Llandaff".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography(online ed.). Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/7235.Retrieved17 September2008.(Subscription orUK public library membershiprequired.)
- ^John Landwehr (1971).Splendid Ceremonies; State Entries and Royal Funerals in the Low Countries, 1515-1791: A Bibliography.De Graaf. p. 5.ISBN978-90-6004-287-8.
- ^Lassner, Martin (18 July 2011)."Johann Rudolf Stadler".Dictionnaire historique de la Suisse (DHS)(in French).Retrieved13 April2020.
- ^"Clement VIII | pope".Encyclopedia Britannica.Retrieved14 January2021.
- ^Robert Auty; Dimitri Obolensky (16 July 1981).Companion to Russian Studies: Volume 1: An Introduction to Russian History.Cambridge University Press. p. 105.ISBN978-0-521-28038-9.
- ^"Leo XI | pope".Encyclopedia Britannica.Retrieved6 May2019.
- ^Trevor Nevitt Dupuy; Curt Johnson; David L. Bongard (1992).The Harper Encyclopedia of Military Biography.HarperCollins. p. 829.ISBN978-0-06-270015-5.