1783

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	17th century 18th century 19th century
Decades:	1760s 1770s 1780s 1790s 1800s
Years:	1780 1781 1782 1783 1784 1785 1786

1783 in variouscalendars

Gregorian calendar	1783 MDCCLXXXIII
Ab urbe condita	2536
Armenian calendar	1232 ԹՎ ՌՄԼԲ
Assyrian calendar	6533
Balinese saka calendar	1704–1705
Bengali calendar	1190
Berber calendar	2733
British Regnal year	23Geo. 3– 24Geo. 3
Buddhist calendar	2327
Burmese calendar	1145
Byzantine calendar	7291–7292
Chinese calendar	Nhâm DầnNăm (WaterTiger) 4480 or 4273 — to — Quý Mão năm (WaterRabbit) 4481 or 4274
Coptic calendar	1499–1500
Discordian calendar	2949
Ethiopian calendar	1775–1776
Hebrew calendar	5543–5544
Hindu calendars
-Vikram Samvat	1839–1840
-Shaka Samvat	1704–1705
-Kali Yuga	4883–4884
Holocene calendar	11783
Igbo calendar	783–784
Iranian calendar	1161–1162
Islamic calendar	1197–1198
Japanese calendar	Tenmei3 ( bình minh ３ năm )
Javanese calendar	1708–1710
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 11 days
Korean calendar	4116
Minguo calendar	129 beforeROC Dân trước 129 năm
Nanakshahi calendar	315
Thai solar calendar	2325–2326
Tibetan calendar	Dương thủy hổ năm (male Water-Tiger) 1909 or 1528 or 756 — to — Âm thủy thỏ năm (female Water-Rabbit) 1910 or 1529 or 757

The first manned hot-air balloon, designed by theMontgolfier brothers,takes off from theBois de Boulogne,onNovember 21,1783

1783(MDCCLXXXIII) was acommon year starting on Wednesdayof theGregorian calendarand acommon year starting on Sundayof theJulian calendar,the 1783rd year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 783rd year of the2nd millennium,the 83rd year of the18th century,and the 4th year of the1780sdecade. As of the start of 1783, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events

January–March

• January 20– AtVersailles,Great Britainsigns preliminary peace treaties with the Kingdom of France and the Kingdom of Spain.
• January 23– The Confederation Congress ratifies two October 8, 1782, treaties signed by the United States with the United Netherlands.
• February 3–American Revolutionary War:Great Britainacknowledges the independence of the United States of America. At this time, the Spanish government does not grant diplomatic recognition.
• February 4–American Revolutionary War:Great Britain formally declares that it will cease hostilities with the United States.
• February 5–1783 Calabrian earthquakes:The first of a sequence of five earthquakes strikesCalabria,Italy (February 5–7, March 1 & 28), leaving 50,000 dead.
• February 7– TheGreat Siege of Gibraltaris abandoned.
• February 26– The United StatesContinental Army'sCorps of Engineersis disbanded.
• March 5– The last celebration ofMassacre Dayis held inBoston,Massachusetts.
• March 15–Newburgh Conspiracy:A potential uprising in theContinental Armystationed atNewburgh, New York,is defused, whenGeorge Washingtonasks the officers to support the supremacy of theUnited States Congress.

April–June

• April– GeneralGeorge Washingtonsends a letter to the 13 governors of the Confederation of the United States, regarding the needs of the nation.
• April 3– APeace and Commercial Treatyis signed between the newly-formedUnited StatesandSwedenin Paris, among the first acts of state concluded between the U.S. and a foreign power.
• April 8– TheCrimean Khanate,which has existed since1441and is a late remnant of the MongolGolden Horde,is annexed by theRussian EmpireofCatherine the Great.
• April 9–28–Second Anglo-Mysore War:Siege of Bednore–Tipu Sultanof Mysore with 100,000 troops besieges 1600 BritishEast India Companytroops who are obliged to surrender withhonours of war.
• April 15– Preliminary articles of peace ending theAmerican Revolutionary Warare ratified by theCongress of the Confederationin the United States.
• April 18–Three-Fifths Compromise:The first instance of black slaves in the United States of America being counted as three fifths of persons (for the purpose of taxation), is included in a resolution of theCongress of the Confederation(this is later adopted in the 1787 Constitution).
• May 13– TheSociety of the Cincinnati,a fraternal organization for American veterans of the American Revolution, is formed inNewburgh, New York.
• May 18– The firstUnited Empire Loyalists,fleeing the new United States, reach Parrtown inSaint John, New Brunswick,Canada.
• May 26–A Great Jubilee Day,celebrating the end of theAmerican Revolution,is held inTrumbull, Connecticut.
• June 4orJune 5– TheMontgolfier brotherspublicly demonstrate theirhot air balloonatAnnonay,France.
• June 8– ThevolcanoLakiinIcelandbegins an 8-month eruption, starting the chain of natural disasters known as theMóðuharðindin,killing tens of thousands throughout Europe, including up to 33% of Iceland's population, and causing widespread famine. It has been described as one of "the greatest environmental catastrophes inEuropean history".

July–September

• July 16– Grants of land in Canada toAmerican Loyalistsare announced.
• July 24– TheTreaty of Georgievskis signed betweenImperial Russiaand theKingdom of Kartli-Kakheti,makingGeorgiaaprotectorateof Russia.
• August 4–Mount Asama,the most activevolcanoinJapan,begins a climactic eruption, killing roughly 1,400 people directly and exacerbating a famine, resulting in another 20,000 deaths (Tenmei eruption).
• August 10– The BritishEast India Companypacket shipAntelope(1781)is wrecked offUlong Islandin thePalau(Pelew) group, resulting in the first sustained European contact with those islands.
• August 18– The1783 Great Meteorpasses on a 1,000-mile track across theNorth Sea,Great Britain and France, prompting scientific discussion.
• August 27–Jacques CharlesandLes Frères Robertlaunch the world's first hydrogen-filled balloon,Le Globe,in Paris.
• September 3–Peace of Paris:A treaty between the United States and Great Britain is signed in Paris, formally ending theAmerican Revolutionary War,in which Britain recognizes the independence of the United States; and treaties are signed between Britain, France, and Spain atVersailles,ending hostilities with the Franco-Spanish Alliance.
• September 9–Dickinson Collegeis chartered inCarlisle, Pennsylvania.

October–December

• October 3– The firstWaterford Crystalglassmakingbusiness begins production inWaterford,Ireland.
• October 17–Mozart'sGreat Massis first performed, inSalzburg,Austria.
• November 2– InRocky Hill, New Jersey,United States GeneralGeorge Washingtongives hisFarewell Address to the Army.
• November 3– The AmericanContinental Armyis disbanded as the first act of business by theConfederation Congress,afterThomas Mifflinis elected the new President to succeed Elias Boudinot.
• November 21– In Paris,Jean-François Pilâtre de RozierandFrançois Laurent, marquis d'Arlandes,make the first untetheredhot air balloonflight (flight time: 25 minutes, Maximum height: 900 m).
• November 24– In Spain, theCedula of Populationis signed, stating that anyone who will swear fealty to Spain and is of theRoman Catholicfaith is welcome to populateTrinidad and Tobago.
• November 25–American Revolutionary War:The last British troopsleave New York Cityand George Washington triumphantly returns, three months after the signing of theTreaty of Paris.
• November 27– English rectorJohn Michellconcludes that some stars might have enough gravity force to prevent light escaping from them, so he calls them "dark stars".
• November 29–1783 New Jersey earthquake:Anearthquakeof 5.3 magnitude strikesNew Jersey.
• December 1–Jacques CharlesandNicolas-Louis Robertmake the first manned flight in a hydrogen-filledgas balloonin Paris.
• December 4– AtFraunces Tavernin New York City,U.S. GeneralGeorge Washingtonformally bids his officers farewell.

December 23:General George Washington Resigning His Commission

• December 23–General George Washington resigns his commission as commander-in-chiefof theContinental Armyto theCongress of the Confederationin theMaryland State Housein Annapolis, Maryland, and retires to his home atMount Vernon.Washington's resignation, described by historianThomas Flemingas "the most important moment in American history,"affirms theUnited States' commitment to the principle ofcivilian control of the military,and promptsKing George IIIto call Washington "the greatest character of the age."
• December 31–Louis-Sébastien Lenormandmakes the first ever recorded public demonstration of aparachutedescent, by jumping from the tower of theMontpellierObservatory in France, using his rigid-framed model, which he intends as a form of fire escape.

Date unknown

• Loyalistsfrom New York settleGreat Abacoin theBahamas.
• The city ofSevastopolis founded on theCrimean Peninsulaof theRussian Empire,by Rear AdmiralThomas MacKenzie.
• PrincessYekaterina Vorontsova-Dashkovais elected an honorary member of theRoyal Swedish Academy of Sciences,the first female foreign member and its second female member, afterEva Ekeblad.
• TheEvan Williams (bourbon)distillery is founded inBardstown, Kentucky.
• Ahmed ibn Muhammad ibn Khalifa,the Emir of Zubarah conquers and rules Bahrain. Shaikh Ahmed restores Arab independence and sovereignty over Bahrain and makes the islands his summer residence.

Births

• January 20–Friedrich Dotzauer,German cellist, composer (d.1860)
• January 23–Stendhal,French writer (d.1842)
• February 8–Charles-Marie Denys de Damrémont,French general, governor-general ofFrench Algeria(d.1837)
• February 16–Stephen Cassin,United States Navy officer (d.1857)
• March 8–Hannah Van Buren,née Hoes, American wife of Martin Van Buren (d.1819)

Washington Irving

• April 3–Washington Irving,American author (d.1859)
• April 21–Reginald Heber,English priest (d. 1821)
• May 1–Vicente Rocafuerte,Ecuadorian politician, 2nd President of Ecuador (d.1847)
• May 3–José de la Riva Agüero,Peruvian soldier and politician, 1st President of Peru and 2nd President of North Peru (d.1858)
• May 25–Philip P. Barbour,American politician,Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States(d.1841)

John Crawfurd

• May 27–John Crawfurd,Scottish physician, colonial administrator, diplomat and author. Last British Resident of Singapore (d.1868)
• May 29–Benedetto Pistrucci,Italian engraver and medalist (d.1855)
• June 19–Friedrich Sertürner,German pharmacist who discovered morphine in1804(d.1841)
• June 21–Theodosia Burr,First LadyofSouth CarolinaduringWar of 1812,daughter ofAaron Burr(d.1813)

Simón Bolívar

• July 24–Simón Bolívar,Venezuelan patriot, revolutionary leader and statesman (d.1830)
• July 28–Friedrich Wilhelm von Bismarck,German army officer and writer (d.1860)
• August 7–Princess Amelia of the United Kingdom,member of the British Royal Family (d.1810)
• August 26–Federigo Zuccari,astronomer, director of the Astronomical Observatory of Naples (d.1817)
• September 17
  • Samuel Prout,English painter (d.1852)
  • Nadezhda Durova,first female Russian army officer (d.1866)
• October 31–Karl Wilhelm Gottlob Kastner,German chemist (d.1857)
• Date unknown:
  • TheTwo-Headed Boy of Bengal,sufferer from the rare conditionCraniopagus parasiticus(d.1787)
  • Mary Anne Whitby,English scientist (d.1850)

Deaths

• January 2–Johann Jakob Bodmer,Swiss author (b.1698)
• January 7–William Tans'ur,English hymnist (b.1706)
• January 15–William Alexander, Lord Stirling,American major-general in theContinental Armyduring theAmerican Revolutionary War(b.1726)
• January 18–Jeanne Quinault,French actress, playwright (b.1699)

Capability Brown

• February 6–Capability Brown,English landscape gardener (b.1716)
• February 10–James Nares,English composer of mostly sacred vocal works (b.1715)
• March 2–Francisco Salzillo,Spanish sculptor (b.1707)
• March 19–Frederick Cornwallis,Archbishop of Canterbury (b.1713)
• March 23–Charles Carroll,American lawyer, delegate to the Continental Congress (b.1723)
• March 26–Anna Rosina de Gasc,German portrait painter (b.1713)
• March 30–William Hunter,Scottish anatomist (b.1718)
• March 31–Nikita Ivanovich Panin,Russian statesman (b.1718)
• April 7–Ignaz Holzbauer,German composer (b.1711)
• April 16
  • Benedict Joseph Labre,French Catholic saint (b.1745)
  • Christian Mayer,Czech astronomer (b.1719)
• May 11–Juliane Reichardt,German-born Bohemian pianist, singer and composer (b.1752)
• May 23–James Otis,American lawyer, patriot (b.1725)
• June 2–Charles Spalding,Scottish inventor and underwater diver, killed in diving bell accident (b.1738)
• September 14–James Grenville,British Member of Parliament (b.1715)

Leonhard Euler

• September 18
  • Leonhard Euler,Swiss mathematician, physicist (b.1707)
  • Benjamin Kennicott,English churchman, Hebrew scholar (b.1718)
• September 28–Marguerite Gourdan,French procurer (b. c.1730)
• October 2–Joseph Leeson, 1st Earl of Milltown,Irish politician (b.1701)
• October 29–Jean le Rond d'Alembert,French mathematician (b.1717)
• November 1–Carl Linnaeus the Younger,Swedish naturalist (b.1741)
• November 3–Charles Collé,French dramatist (b.1709)
• November 15–John Hanson,AmericanPresident of the Continental Congress(b.1721)
• November 23–Yoriyuki Arima,Japanese mathematician (b.1714)
• December 13–Pehr Wilhelm Wargentin,Swedish astronomer (b.1717)
• December 15–Ahmad bin Said al-Busaidi,first ruler ofOmanof theAl Saiddynasty (b.1710)
• December 16
  • Johann Adolph Hasse,German composer (b.1699)
  • William James,British naval commander (b.1720)
• Date unknown:
  • Thomas Calcraft,English politician and Lieutenant-Colonel (b.1738)
  • Adolf Friedrich von Reinhard,jurist and publicist (b.1726)

Further reading

• John Blair;J. Willoughby Rosse (1856)."1783".Blair's Chronological Tables.London:H.G. Bohn.hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t6349vh5n– via Hathi Trust.