1786
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1786(MDCCLXXXVI) was acommon year starting on Sundayof theGregorian calendarand acommon year starting on Thursdayof theJulian calendar,the 1786th year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 786th year of the2nd millennium,the 86th year of the18th century,and the 7th year of the1780sdecade. As of the start of 1786, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Events
[edit]January–March
[edit]- January 3– The thirdTreaty of Hopewellis signed, between theUnited Statesand theChoctaw.
- January 6– The outward boundEast IndiamanHalsewellis wrecked on the south coast of England in a storm, with only 74 of more than 240 on board surviving.[1]
- February 2– In a speech beforeThe Asiatic SocietyinCalcutta,Sir William Jonesnotes the formal resemblances betweenLatin,Greek,andSanskrit,laying the foundation forcomparative linguisticsandIndo-European studies.
- March 1– TheOhio Company of Associatesis organized by five businessmen at a meeting at theBunch-of-GrapesTavern inBoston,to purchase land from the United States government to form settlements in what is now the U.S. state ofOhio.[2][3]
- March 13– Construction begins inDublinon theFour CourtsBuilding, with the first stone laid down by the United Kingdom's Viceroy for Ireland, theDuke of Rutland.[4]
April–June
[edit]- April 2– TheCreek Nationdeclares war on the U.S.State of Georgiaover the matter of white settlers on land not ceded by the Nation. A truce is negotiated on April 17 between Creek ChiefAlexander McGillivray(Hoboi-Hili-Miko) and U.S. Army GeneralLachlan McIntoshbut is soon repudiated.[5]
- April 11– Columbia College (modern-dayColumbia University) holds its first graduation, with eight students, includingDeWitt Clinton.[6]
- April 25– The United States and the Kingdom of Portugal sign their first commercial treaty, but it is never ratified.[7]
- April 27– British astronomerWilliam Herschelpublishes his first list of his discoveries,Catalogue of One Thousand New Nebulae and Clusters of Stars;two additional books are published in 1789 and 1802.[8]
- May 1–Mozart's operaThe Marriage of Figaropremieres inVienna.
- May 21– The trial in theAffair of the Diamond Necklaceends in Paris.
- June 2– TheTignon lawis enacted bySpanish Governor of LouisianaEsteban Rodríguez Miró,to force black women to wear atignonheadscarf.[9]
- June 6–Nathaniel Gorhamis chosen as the new President of the U.S. Confederation Congress to substitute for John Hancock, who cannot take office because of illness.[10]
- June 10– An earthquake-causedlandslide damon theDadu Rivergives way, killing 100,000 in theSichuanprovince of China.
- June 25–Gavriil PribylovdiscoversSt. George Islandof thePribilof Islandsin theBering Sea.
July–September
[edit]- July 14–Convention of Londonbetween theKingdom of Great Britainand theKingdom of Spain:British settlements on theMosquito Coastof Central America are to be evacuated; Spain expands the territory available to the British inBelizeon theYucatán Peninsula,for cuttingmahogany.
- July 31– The 'Kilmarnock volume' ofRobert Burns'Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialectis published inScotland.[11]
- August
- James Rumseytests his firststeamboaton thePotomac River,atShepherdstown, Virginia.
- TheCabinet of Great Britainapproves the establishment of apenal colony,atBotany Bayin Australia.
- August 1–Caroline Herscheldiscovers acomet(the first discovered by a woman) from England.
- August 8–Mont Blancis climbed for the first time, byMichel-Gabriel PaccardandJacques Balmat.
- August 11– CaptainFrancis Lightacquires the island ofPenangfrom the Sultan ofKedahon behalf of theBritish East India Company,renaming itPrince of Wales Islandin honour of theheir to the British throne,[12]and establishing the settlement ofGeorge Town.This is the firstcolonyof theBritish Empirein Southeast Asia.
- August 17–Frederick William,the paternal nephew of Frederick the Great, becomes King of Prussia as Frederick William II.
- August 18– The Kingdom ofDenmark(includingNorway) charters six settlements inIcelandto trade with it, thus ending theDanish–Icelandic Trade Monopoly,and foundingReykjavík.
- August 29–Shays' Rebellionbegins inMassachusetts.
- September–December –Goetheundertakes hisItalian Journey(published in1817).
- September 2– AhurricanestrikesBarbados.
- September 11–14– TheAnnapolis Conventionis held by delegates from six of the 13 states (Maryland, Virginia, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey and New York) resulting in the scheduling of thePhiladelphia Conventionto draft a national constitution.[10]
- September 14–Connecticutcedes to the United States all of its claims to lands between the 41st and 42nd parallels north and west of theConnecticut Western Reserve.[10]
- September 26–Eden Agreement:A commercial treaty is signed between the Kingdoms of Great Britain and France.[13]
October–December
[edit]
- October 6–HMSBellerophonbegins service with the Royal Navy.[14]
- October 10– The Confederation Congress of the United States directs backpay for seven months for Virginia officers who have been waiting since 1782.[15]
- October 12– King George III of the United Kingdom appoints Captain Arthur Phillip as the first Governor of New Holland, which comprises the area of modern Australia from the135th meridian eastto the east coast and all adjacent islands in the Pacific Ocean.[16]
- October 16– The Confederation Congress establishes the United States Mint to make common coinage and currency for the U.S., to replace individual state coins.[10]
- October 23
- The 13th century AH begins on theIslamic calendaron the 1st of Muharram 1201 AH
- The settlement ofÖstersundis established inSweden.[17]
- October 24– General David Cobb of the Massachusetts militia defeats a body of rebel insurgents atTaunton, Massachusettsin one of the battles ofShays' Rebellion.[18]
- November 7– The oldest musical organization in the United States, theStoughton Musical Society,is founded.
- November 30–Peter Leopold JosephofHabsburg-Lorraine,Grand Duke ofTuscany,promulgates a penal reform, making his country the first state to abolish the death penalty. This day is therefore commemorated by 300 cities around the world asCities for Life Day.
- December 4–Mission Santa Barbarais founded by PadreFermín Lasuénas the tenth of theSpanish missions in California.
December 4:Mission Santa Barbarais founded. - December 20–Robert Burns'sAddress to aHaggisis first published, inEdinburgh.
Date unknown
[edit]- The town ofMartinsborough, North Carolina,named for Royal GovernorJosiah Martinin1771,is renamed "Greenesville" in honor of United States GeneralNathanael Greeneby theNorth Carolina General Assembly(the name "Greenesville" is later shortened, to becomeGreenville).
- The last reliably recordedwolfin Ireland is hunted down and killed nearMount Leinster,County Carlow,for killing sheep.[19]
Births
[edit]- January 7–John Catron,Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States(d.1865)
- January 8–Nicholas Biddle,President of the Second Bank of the United States (d.1844)
- January 11–Joseph Jackson Lister,English opticist, physician (d.1869)
- January 12–Sir Robert Inglis, Bt,English politician (d.1855)
- January 23–Auguste de Montferrand,French architect (d.1858)
- February 16–Maria Pavlovna of Russia,Grand Duchess of Saxe-Weimar Eisenach (d.1859)
- February 26–François Arago,French astronomer, physicist and politician (d.1853)
- February 24–Wilhelm Grimm,German philologist and folklorist (d.1859)
- March 4–Agustina de Aragón,Spanish heroine (d.1857)
- March 22–Joachim Lelewel,Polish historian (d.1861)
- March 25–Giovanni Battista Amici,Italian astronomer, microscopist and botanist (d.1863)
- April 16–John Franklin,British naval officer and explorer (d.1847)
- April 28–Elizabeth Andrew Warren,Cornish botanist, marinealgolologist(d.1864)
- May 29–Alexander Bryan Johnson,American philosopher (d.1867)
- June 13–Winfield Scott,American general, presidential candidate (d.1866)
- June 26–Sunthorn Phu,Thai poet (d.1855)
- August 17
- Davy Crockett,American frontiersman (d.1836)
- Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld,mother ofQueen Victoria(d.1861)
- August 25– KingLudwig I of Bavaria(d.1868)
- August 31–Michel Eugène Chevreul,French chemist (d.1889)
- September 10–Nicolás Bravo,3-time President of Mexico (d.1854)
- September 11–Friedrich Kuhlau,German composer (d.1832)
- September 18
- KingChristian VIII of Denmark(d.1848)
- Justinus Kerner,German physician (d.1862)
- September 24–Charles Bianconi,Italian-Irish entrepreneur (d.1875)
- September 29–Guadalupe Victoria,1stPresident of Mexico(d.1843)
- November 18
- Henry Bishop,English composer (d.1855)
- Carl Maria von Weber,German composer (d.1826)
- December 12–William L. Marcy,American statesman (d.1857)
Date unknown
[edit]- Kim Jeong-hui,Korean epigrapher (d.1856)
- probable–Moshoeshoe IofLesotho(d.1870)
Deaths
[edit]- January 4–Moses Mendelssohn,Jewish philosopher (b.1729)
- January 7–Jean-Étienne Guettard,French physician, scientist (b.1715)
- January 14–Meshech Weare,Governor of New Hampshire (b.1713)
- January 26–Hans Joachim von Zieten,Prussian field marshal (b.1699)
- February 25–Thomas Wright,British astronomer (b.1711)
- February 28–John Gwynn,English architect and engineer (b.1713)
- March 11–Charles Humphreys,American delegate to the Continental Congress (b.1714)
- April 10–John Byron,British naval officer (b.1723)
- April 20–John Goodricke,English astronomer (b.1764)
- May 1–Benjamin Waller,American politician (b.1716)
- May 2–Petronella Johanna de Timmerman,Dutch poet, scientist (b.1723)
- May 15–Eva Ekeblad,Swedish scientist and agronomist, first female member of theRoyal Swedish Academy of Sciences(b.1724)
- May 19–John Stanley,English composer (b.1712)
- May 21–Carl Wilhelm Scheele,Swedish chemist (b.1742)
- May 22–Carl Fredrik Mennander,Swedish bishop (b.1712)
- May 25–Peter III of Portugal,consort of QueenMaria I of Portugal(b.1717)
- June 17–Adam Drummond,British politician (b.1713)
- June 19–Nathanael Greene,major general in theContinental Army,3rd Quartermaster General (b.1742)
- July 28–Carlo Marchionni,Italian architect (b.1702)
- August 17– KingFrederick II of Prussia( "Frederick the Great" ) (b.1712)
- August 27–Carl Fredrik Scheffer,Swedish politician (b.1715)
- September 5–Jonas Hanway,English merchant, traveler, and philanthropist (b.1712)
- September 17–Tokugawa Ieharu,Japanese shōgun (b.1737)
- September 18–Giovanni Battista Guadagnini,Italian luthier (b.1711)
- October 2–Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel,British admiral (b.1725)
- October 5–Johann Gottlieb Gleditsch,German botanist (b.1714)
- October 17–Johann Ludwig Aberli,Swiss artist (b.1723)
- October 20–Humphrey Sturt,British architect (b.1725)
- October 31–Princess Amelia of Great Britain,Second daughter of George II of Great Britain (b.1711)[20]
- November 30–Bernardo de Gálvez,Spanish military leader who aided the United States in its quest for independence, in theAmerican Revolutionary War(b.1746)
- December 26–Gasparo Gozzi,Italian critic, dramatist (b.1713)[21]
References
[edit]- ^"Loss of the Halsewell East-Indiaman".Remarkable Shipwrecks; Or, A Collection of Interesting Accounts of Naval Disasters: With Many Particulars of the Extraordinary Adventures and Sufferings of the Crews of Vessels Wrecked at Sea, and of Their Treatment on Distant Shores. Together with an Account of the Deliverance of Survivors.Andrus and Starr. 1813. p.214.RetrievedFebruary 2,2013.
- ^"Manasseh Cutler, the Man Who Purchased Ohio", by William F. Poole, inNew England Historical and Genealogical Register(April 1873) p161
- ^The Cincinnati Directory Advertiser for the Years 1836–7(J. H. Woodruff, 1836) p198
- ^Sir John Carr,The Stranger in Ireland, Or, A Tour in the Southern and Western Parts of that Country in the Year 1805(Lincoln & Gleason, 1806) p274
- ^Lucian Lamar Knight,Georgia's Landmarks, Memorials, and Legends(Byrd Printing, 1913) p476
- ^Robert McCaughey,Stand, Columbia: A History of Columbia University(Columbia University Press, 2012) p54
- ^Robert Morris, ed.,The Papers of Robert Morris, 1781-1784: November 1, 1782 – May 4, 1783(University of Pittsburgh Press, 1988) p627
- ^Stephen James O'Meara,Deep-Sky Companions: The Caldwell Objects(Cambridge University Press, 2016) p534
- ^Kein, Sybil, ed. (2000).Creole: The History and Legacy of Louisiana's Free People of Color.Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. p. 62.ISBN978-0-8071-4205-9.OCLC703156104.
- ^abcdLossing, Benson John; Wilson, Woodrow, eds. (1910).Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A.D. to 1909.Harper & Brothers. p. 167.
- ^Burns, Robert (1786).Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect(First ed.). Kilmarnock: Printed for John Wilson.ISBN9780665395598.RetrievedJanuary 26,2016.via Internet Archive
- ^Williams, Hywel (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History.London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p.339.ISBN0-304-35730-8.
- ^Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992).The Chronology of British History.London: Century Ltd. pp. 230–231.ISBN0-7126-5616-2.
- ^Colin Pengelly,HMS Bellerophon(Pen and Sword, 2014)
- ^Journal of the House of Delegates of the Commonwealth of Virginia(January 6, 1787) p145
- ^"Conquest", byAlan Atkinson,inAustralia's Empire,ed. by Deryck M. Schreuder, Deryck Schreuder and Stuart Ward (Oxford University Press, 2008) p33
- ^Lennart Sundström (November 5, 2013)."Föreningen Gamla Östersund"(in Swedish). Länstidningen Östersund. Archived fromthe originalon September 10, 2018.RetrievedSeptember 10,2018.
- ^Collections of the Old Colony Historical SocietyNo. 6 (1899) p151
- ^Hickey, Kieran R. (2000)."A geographical perspective on the decline and extermination of the Irish wolfcanis lupus"(PDF).Irish Geography.33:185–98.doi:10.1080/00750770009478590.Archived(PDF)from the original on October 9, 2022.RetrievedFebruary 25,2011.[dead link]
- ^"Princess Amelia".Westminster Abbey.RetrievedOctober 8,2022.
- ^John Louis DiGaetani (2000).Carlo Gozzi: A Life in the 18th Century Venetian Theater, an Afterlife in Opera.McFarland. p. 184.ISBN978-0-7864-0077-5.
Further reading
[edit]- John Blair;J. Willoughby Rosse (1856)."1786".Blair's Chronological Tables.London:H.G. Bohn.hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t6349vh5n– via Hathi Trust.