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Adam Riess

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Adam Riess
Riess in 2011
Born
Adam Guy Riess

(1969-12-16)December 16, 1969(age 54)
Washington, D.C.,U.S.
Alma materMassachusetts Institute of Technology,
Harvard University
Known forAccelerating universe/dark energy,Hubble Constant
SpouseNancy Joy Schondorf (m. 1998)
AwardsRobert J. Trumpler Award(1999)[1]
Helen B. Warner Prize for Astronomy(2002)
Sackler Prize for Physics (2004)[1]
Shaw Prize in Astronomy(2006)
Nobel Prize in Physics(2011)
Albert Einstein Medal(2011)
Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics(2015)
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics
Institutions
ThesisType Ia Supernova Multicolor Light Curve Shapes(1996)
Doctoral advisorRobert Kirshner,William H. Press

Adam Guy Riess(born December 16, 1969) is an AmericanastrophysicistandBloomberg Distinguished ProfessoratJohns Hopkins Universityand theSpace Telescope Science Institute.He is known for his research in usingsupernovaeas cosmological probes. Riess shared both the 2006Shaw Prize in Astronomyand the2011 Nobel Prize in PhysicswithSaul PerlmutterandBrian P. Schmidtfor providing evidence that theexpansion of the universe is accelerating.

Family[edit]

Riess was born inWashington, D.C.,one of three children.[2][3]He grew up inWarren, New Jersey,where his father (Naval engineer Michael Riess) owned a frozen-foods distribution company, Bistro International, and his mother (Doris Riess) worked as a clinical psychologist.[4]Michael Riess (1931–2007) immigrated to the United States with his parents (journalist, war correspondent and authorCurt Martin Riessand Ilse Posnansky)[5]from Germany on the shipSS Europa (1928)in 1936.[6]Riess is by birthJewish.[7]Adam Riess has two sisters –Gail Saltz,a psychiatrist, and Holly Hagerman, an artist. Riess married Nancy Joy Schondorf in 1998.

Education[edit]

He attendedWatchung Hills Regional High School,graduating in the class of 1988.[8]He also attended the prestigious New Jersey Governor's School in the Sciences in 1987. Riess then graduated fromThe Massachusetts Institute of Technologyin 1992 where he was a member of thePhi Delta Thetafraternity. He received hisPhDfromHarvard Universityin 1996; it resulted in measurements of over twenty newType Ia supernovaeand a method to utilize Type Ia supernovae as accurate distance indicators by correcting for intervening dust and intrinsic inhomogeneities. Riess's PhD thesis was supervised byRobert KirshnerandWilliam H. Pressand won theRobert J. Trumpler Awardin 1999 for PhD theses of unusual importance to astronomy.[9]

Research[edit]

Riess was aMiller Fellowat theUniversity of California, Berkeleyfrom 1996 through 1999, during which period his first seminal paper on the discovery of an accelerating universe was published.[10]In 1999, he moved to theSpace Telescope Science Instituteand took up his current position atJohns Hopkins Universityin 2006. He also sits on the selection committee for the Astronomy award, given under the auspices of theShaw Prize.In July 2016, Riess was named aBloomberg Distinguished ProfessoratJohns Hopkins Universityfor his accomplishments as an interdisciplinary researcher and excellence in teaching the next generation of scholars.[10]The Bloomberg Distinguished Professorships were established in 2013 by a gift fromMichael Bloomberg.[11]

Riess jointly led the study withBrian Schmidtin 1998 for theHigh-z Supernova Search Teamwhich first reported evidence that the universe's expansion rate is now accelerating through monitoring of Type Ia supernovae. The team's observations were contrary to the current theory that the expansion of the universe was slowing down; instead, by monitoring the color shifts in the light from supernovae from Earth, they discovered that these billion-year old novae were still accelerating.[12]This result was also found nearly simultaneously by theSupernova Cosmology Project,led bySaul Perlmutter.[12]The corroborating evidence between the two competing studies led to the acceptance of theaccelerating universetheory, and initiated new research to understand the nature of the universe, such as the existence ofdark energy.[12]The discovery of the accelerating universe was named 'Breakthrough of the Year' bySciencemagazine in 1998,[13]and Riess was jointly awarded the2011 Nobel Prize in Physicsalong with Schmidt and Perlmutter for their groundbreaking work.[12]

From 2002-2007 Riess led the Higher-Z SN Team which used the Hubble Space Telescope to find dozens of type Ia supernovae at z>1, first demonstrating that the expansion of the Universe was decelerating before it began accelerating and ruling out astrophysical contamination of SN Ia.[14]

Riess is also known for his efforts to measure the local value of the Hubble constant while leading the SH0ES Team since 2005 with measurements that approach 1% precision and which indicate a discrepancy with the model-based prediction from the CMB, a problem widely known in Cosmology as theHubble Tension.[15][16]

Awards and honors[edit]

Saul Perlmutter,Riess, andBrian P. Schmidtbeing awarded the 2006Shaw Prizein Astronomy. The trio would later be awarded the2011 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Riess received theAstronomical Society of the Pacific'sRobert J. Trumpler Awardin 1999 andHarvard University's Bok Prize in 2001. He won the American Astronomical Society'sHelen B. Warner Prizein 2003 and the Raymond and BeverlySackler Prizein Physics in 2004 for the discovery of cosmic acceleration.[17]

In 2006, he shared the $1 millionShaw PrizeinAstronomywithSaul PerlmutterandBrian P. Schmidtfor contributions to the discovery of theacceleration of the universe.[18]

Schmidt and all the members of the High-Z Team (as defined by the co-authors of Riess et al. 1998) shared the 2007Gruber Cosmology Prize,a $500,000 award, with the Supernova Cosmology Project (the set defined by the co-authors of Perlmutter et al. 1999) for their discovery of the accelerating expansion of the universe. Riess was the winner of MacArthur "Genius" Grant in 2008. He was also elected in 2009 to the National Academy of Sciences.[19]

Along with Perlmutter and Schmidt, he was awarded the 2011Nobel Prize in Physicsfor his contributions to the discovery of the acceleration of the expansion of the universe.[18]

Riess, along withBrian P. Schmidt,and theHigh-Z Supernova Search Teamshared in the 2015Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics.[20]

In 2012, Riess received the Golden Plate Award of theAmerican Academy of Achievement.[21]

In 2020, Riess was made fellow of theAmerican Astronomical Society.[22]

Controversies[edit]

In the bookThe 4 Percent Universe,scientific journalistRichard Panekclaimed that Riess made improper use of the supernova data collected by theCalán/Tololo Survey,publishing them prior to the authors and without their permission.[23]However, a later account, benefiting from access to the contemporary email threads of the participants, contradicts this claim.[24]The claim is also doubtful in light of the received dates and acknowledgements in the relevant publications.[25][26]

Media appearances[edit]

Riess participated on theNPRradio quiz programWait Wait... Don't Tell Me!in 2011.[27]

Publications[edit]

Riess has more than 87,000 citations in Google Scholar and an h-index of 99. His most cited work, "Observational evidence from supernovae for an accelerating universe and a cosmological constant," has been cited over 20,000 times.[28]Riess has been among the top 1% most cited in the world for subject field and year of publication in theThomson ReutersHighly Cited Researchers reports for multiple years, including 2016 and 2020.[29][30]

Highly cited articles (more than 1900 citations)[edit]

  • 1998 with V Filippenko, P Challis, A Clocchiatti, A Diercks, et al.,Observational evidence from supernovae for an accelerating universe and a cosmological constant,in:The Astronomical Journal.Vol. 116, nº 3; 1009.
  • 2009 with KN Abaza gian, JK Adelman-McCarthy, MA Agüeros, SS Allam, CA Prieto, et al.,The seventh data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey,in:The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series.Vol. 182, nº 2; 543.
  • 2004 with LG Strolger, J Tonry, S Casertano, HC Ferguson, B Mobasher, et al.,Type Ia supernova discoveries at z> 1 from the Hubble Space Telescope: Evidence for past deceleration and constraints on dark energy evolution,in:The Astrophysical Journal.Vol. 607, nº 2; 665.
  • 2007 with JK Adelman-McCarthy, MA Agüeros, SS Allam, KSJ Anderson, et al.,The fifth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey,in:The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series.Vol. 172, nº 2; 634.
  • 2003 with JL Tonry, BP Schmidt, B Barris, P Candia, P Challis, A Clocchiatti, AL Coil, et al.,Cosmological results from high-z supernovae,in:The Astrophysical Journal.Vol. 594, nº 1; 1.
  • 2007 with LG Strolger, S Casertano, HC Ferguson, B Mobasher, B Gold, et al.,New Hubble space telescope discoveries of type Ia supernovae at z≥ 1: narrowing constraints on the early behavior of dark energy,in:The Astrophysical Journal.Vol. 659, nº 1; 98.
  • 1998 with BP Schmidt, NB Suntzeff, MM Phillips, RA Schommer, A Clocchiatti, et al.,The high-Z supernova search: measuring cosmic deceleration and global curvature of the universe using type Ia supernovae,in:The Astrophysical Journal.Vol. 507, nº 1; 46.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^abJain, Chelsi."Awards List extended using a reliable source".
  2. ^"WEDDINGS; Nancy Schondorf And Adam Riess".The New York Times.January 11, 1998.
  3. ^Wedding: Drs. Gail Michele Riess and Leonard Bruce Saltz.Nytimes (June 18, 1989). Retrieved on April 2, 2012.
  4. ^Chasing the Great Beyond.Jhu.edu (January 12, 1998). Retrieved on April 2, 2012.
  5. ^Saxon, Wolfgang (May 21, 1993)."Curt Riess, Author And Journalist, 90; Expert on Nazi Era".The New York Times.
  6. ^Obituary: Michael Riess.New York Times (October 11, 2007). Retrieved on April 2, 2012.
  7. ^"Jewish Insider's Daily Kickoff: December 15, 2017".Haaretz.
  8. ^Spivey, Mark."Watchung Hills graduate shares Nobel Prize in physics",Daily Record (Morristown),October 4, 2011. Accessed October 5, 2011. "Riess, who grew up in Warren, gave a shout-out to retired teacher Jeff Charney, saying his interest in science first was piqued at Watchung Hills."
  9. ^Panek, Richard (2011).The 4% Universe: Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Race to Discover the Rest of Reality.Boston:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.ISBN978-0-618-98244-8.,pg. 174
  10. ^abMessersmith, Julie."Nobel laureate Adam Riess named 22nd Bloomberg Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins",JHU Hub,Baltimore, 8 July 2016. Retrieved on 13 July 2016.
  11. ^"Michael R. Bloomberg Commits $350 Million to Johns Hopkins for Transformational Academic Initiative 2013".
  12. ^abcdPalmer, Jason (October 4, 2011)."Nobel physics prize honours accelerating Universe find".BBC.RetrievedOctober 5,2011.
  13. ^Bloom, Floyd E. (December 18, 1998)."Breakthroughs 1998".Science.282(5397): 2193.Bibcode:1998Sci...282.2193B.doi:10.1126/science.282.5397.2193.S2CID220092189.RetrievedNovember 27,2020.
  14. ^Type Ia Supernova Discoveries at z > 1 from the Hubble Space Telescope
  15. ^ A 2.4% Determination of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant
  16. ^A Comprehensive Measurement of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant with 1 km s-1 Mpc-1 Uncertainty from the Hubble Space Telescope and the SH0ES Team
  17. ^"Past Laureates of the Raymond and Beverly Sackler International Prize in Physics".Tel Aviv University.September 5, 2012.RetrievedMay 28,2023.
  18. ^ab"Nobel physics prize honours accelerating Universe find".BBC News.October 4, 2011.
  19. ^Newsroom.National-Academies.org (April 28, 2009). Retrieved on April 2, 2012.
  20. ^"Breakthrough Prize – Fundamental Physics Breakthrough Prize Laureates – Adam Riess and the High-z Supernova Search Team".Breakthrough Prize.RetrievedMay 28,2023.
  21. ^"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement".achievement.org.American Academy of Achievement.
  22. ^"Four Johns Hopkins faculty members named American Astronomical Society fellows".The Hub.Johns Hopkins University. March 4, 2020.RetrievedMarch 6,2020.
  23. ^Panek, Richard (2011).The 4 Percent Universe.Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.ISBN978-0-618-98244-8.
  24. ^Press, William H. (2023).More Than Curious: A Science Memoir.Darwin-Finch. pp. 379–381.ISBN9781312453210.
  25. ^Riess, Adam (1995). "Using Type Ia Supernova Light Curve Shapes to Measure the Hubble Constant".The Astrophysical Journal.438:L17.arXiv:astro-ph/9410054.Bibcode:1995ApJ...438L..17R.doi:10.1086/187704.S2CID118938423.
  26. ^Hamuy, Mario; Phillips, M. M.; Maza, Jose; Suntzeff, Nicholas B.; Schommer, R. A.; Aviles, R. (1995). "A Hubble Diagram of Distant Type 1a Supernovae".The Astronomical Journal.109:1.Bibcode:1995AJ....109....1H.doi:10.1086/117251.
  27. ^Wait Wait...Don't Tell Me!fromNPR
  28. ^"Adam Riess".scholar.google.RetrievedMay 19,2021.
  29. ^"13 Johns Hopkins scientists among most cited researchers in the world".The Hub.November 18, 2016.RetrievedMay 19,2021.
  30. ^"Adam G. Riess".Web of Science Group.September 21, 2020.RetrievedMay 19,2021.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related toAdam Riess.
Awards and achievements
Preceded by Winner of theNobel Prize in Physics
withSaul PerlmutterandBrian Schmidt
2011 		Succeeded by
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