Afrotarsius
| Afrotarsius | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Primates |
| Suborder: | Haplorhini |
| Infraorder: | Tarsiiformes |
| Family: | †Afrotarsiidae |
| Genus: | †Afrotarsius Simons & Bown, 1985 |
| Type species | |
| †Afrotarsius chatrathi Simons & Bown, 1985
| |
| Species | |
| |
Afrotarsiusis aprimatefound in thePaleogeneof Africa.
The first species to be named,Afrotarsius chatrathi,was named in 1985 on the basis of a single lower jaw from theOligoceneofFayum,Egypt, and tentatively referred to thetarsierfamily (Tarsiidae).[1]However, this relationship immediately proved controversial, and in 1987 the animal was placed in a separate familyAfrotarsiidaerelated tosimians.[2]A tarsier-liketibiofibulawas allocated toAfrotarsiusin 1998,[3]but the identity of this bone is controversial.[4]In 2010, a second species of the genus,Afrotarsius libycus,was named from theEoceneofDur At-Talah,Libya, on the basis of isolated upper and lower teeth. Features of these teeth were interpreted as additional evidence for a relationship betweenAfrotarsiusand anthropoids.[5]A second afrotarsiid genus,Afrasia,was named in 2012 from the EocenePondaung Formationof Myanmar. In the same paper, Afrotarsiidae was placed together with the AsianEosimiidaein an infraorderEosimiiformes,in the simians.[6][7]However, some studies indicate that it should be placed inTarsiiformes.
Evolutionary history
[edit]| Phylogeny of Paleogene simians[8] |
| According to Chaimaneeet al.2012, the close relationship betweenAfrasia djijidaefrom Southeast Asia andAfrotarsius libycusfrom North Africa demonstrates one of at least two dispersals of stem simians from Asia to Africa during the middle Eocene. |
References
[edit]- ^Simons & Bown 1985.
- ^Ginsburg & Mein 1987,p. 1215.
- ^Rasmussen, Conroy & Simons 1998.
- ^Godinot 2010,p. 321.
- ^Jaeger et al. 2010.
- ^Chaimanee et al. 2012.
- ^Jaeger, Jean-Jacques; Chavasseau, Olivier; Lazzari, Vincent; Naing Soe, Aung; Sein, Chit; Le Maître, Anne; Shwe, Hla; Chaimanee, Yaowalak (2019-08-06)."New Eocene primate from Myanmar shares dental characters with African Eocene crown anthropoids".Nature Communications.10(1): 3531.Bibcode:2019NatCo..10.3531J.doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11295-6.ISSN2041-1723.PMC6684601.PMID31388005.
- ^Chaimanee et al. 2012,p. 4 of 5.
Literature cited
[edit]- Chaimanee, Y.; Chavasseau, O.; Beard, K. C.; Kyaw, A. A.; Soe, A. N.; Sein, C.; Lazzari, V.; Marivaux, L.; Marandat, B.; Swe, M.; Rugbumrung, M.; Lwin, T.; Valentin, X.; Zin-Maung-Maung-Thein; Jaeger, J. -J. (2012)."Late Middle Eocene primate from Myanmar and the initial anthropoid colonization of Africa"(PDF).Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.109(26): 10293–10297.doi:10.1073/pnas.1200644109.PMC3387043.PMID22665790.
- Ginsburg, L.; Mein, P. (1987). "Tarsius thailandicanov. sp., premier Tarsiidae (Primates, Mammalia) fossile d'Asie ".Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences.304(19): 1213–1215.
- Godinot, M. (2010). "Chapter 19: Paleogene Prosimians". In Werdelin, L.; Sanders, W.J (eds.).Cenozoic Mammals of Africa.University of California Press.ISBN978-0-520-25721-4.
- Jaeger, J. J.; Beard, K. C.; Chaimanee, Y.; Salem, M.; Benammi, M.; Hlal, O.; Coster, P.; Bilal, A. A.; Duringer, P.; Schuster, M.; Valentin, X.; Marandat, B.; Marivaux, L.; Métais, E.; Hammuda, O.; Brunet, M. (2010)."Late middle Eocene epoch of Libya yields earliest known radiation of African anthropoids"(PDF).Nature.467(7319): 1095–1098.Bibcode:2010Natur.467.1095J.doi:10.1038/nature09425.PMID20981098.S2CID4431606.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2013-03-08.
- Rasmussen, D.T.; Conroy, G.C.; Simons, E.L. (1998)."Tarsier-like locomotor specializations in the Oligocene primateAfrotarsius".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.95(25): 14848–14850.Bibcode:1998PNAS...9514848T.doi:10.1073/pnas.95.25.14848.PMC24538.PMID9843978.
- Simons, E. L.; Bown, T. M. (1985). "Afrotarsius chatrathi,first tarsiiform primate (? Tarsiidae) from Africa ".Nature.313(6002): 475–477.Bibcode:1985Natur.313..475S.doi:10.1038/313475a0.S2CID4254601.
